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  • How to insert multiple check-box values inside database when one or more will be left unchecked?

    - by Sally
    I have a form that contains 5 check boxes. The user may select one or more of these check boxes. The user may select 2 and leave 3 unchecked or select 4 and leave one unchecked and so on, in that case how can I write the php/mysql code that will insert the form data into the database. With just one selection it's easy, I would do: $checkbox_value = $_POST['i_agree']; mysql_query("INSERT INTO terms (user, pass, conditions) VALUES ('$user','$pass','$checkbox_value')"); But how can I write this when there are multiple check box options and only one or more of them will be checked? I want to insert them all in one column called "tags" separated by commas.

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  • Create view or SP, only if the DB contains a pattern

    - by Randall Salas
    Hi all: I am working on a script, that needs to be run in many different SQL servers. Some of them, shared the same structure, in other words, they are identical, but the filegroups and the DB names are different. This is because is one per client. Anyway, I would like when running a script, If I chose the wrong DB, it should not be executed. I am trying to mantain a clean DB. here is my example, which only works for dropping a view if exists, but does not work for creating a new one. I also wonder how it would be for creating a stored procedure. Thx a lot. if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[ContentModDate]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsView') = 1) AND CHARINDEX('Content', DB_NAME()) 0 drop view [dbo].[ContentModDate] GO IF (CHARINDEX('Content', DB_NAME()) 0)BEGIN CREATE VIEW [dbo].[Rx_ContentModDate] AS SELECT 'Table1' AS TableName, MAX(ModDate) AS ModDate FROM Tabl1 WHERE ModDate IS NOT NULL UNION SELECT 'Table2', MAX(ModDate) AS ModDate FROM Table2 WHERE ModDate IS NOT NULL END END GO

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  • how VAR is determined against many options?

    - by Royi Namir
    i have this code : IEnumerable<string> q = customers /*EF entity*/ .Select (c => c.Name.ToUpper()) .OrderBy (n => n) To select entity, ObjectContext actually create ObjectQuery, which implement IQueryable. The object return from ObjectQuery, is not normal object, but EntityObject but what if i write : ( notice the var) var q = customers /*EF entity*/ .Select (c => c.Name.ToUpper()) .OrderBy (n => n) it can be determined both to ienumerable or iqueryable : because ObjectQuery Also implements IEnumerable... i dont know if there's any specific info which tell the compiler "use A and not B. A is more specific..." ( there must be...i just cant find it) any help ? how will it know to use A || B ?

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  • Stored procedure does not return result when using Temp table

    - by Muhammad Akhtar
    I have used temp table in my stored procedure and unable to get the result when executing. It return result fine when running the same as query. my query structure is something like... ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[test] as begin SET NOCOUNT ON; SELECT * INTO #Dates FROM Dates -- Used temp table SET @Query = ' SELECT [Name], [HotelName], '+@Dates+' FROM ( SELECT , HD.[Name], HD.[HotelName], HD.Price FROM #Dates D LEFT JOIN #HotelData HD ON D.DateVal = HD.OccDate) T PIVOT ( SUM(Price) FOR [Date] IN ('+@Dates+') ) AS PT' execute(@Query) end Exec test -- Exectuting, I am getting message command completed successfully

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  • What is the benefit of using int instead of bigint in this case?

    - by Yeti
    (MYSQL n00b) I have 3 tables: id = int(10), photo_id = bigint(20) PHOTO records limited to 3 million PHOTO: +-------+-----------------+ | id | photo_num | +-------+-----------------+ | 1 | 123456789123 | | 2 | 987654321987 | | 3 | 5432167894321 | +-------+-----------------+ COLOR: +-------+-----------------+---------+ | id | photo_num | color | +-------+-----------------+---------+ | 1 | 123456789123 | red | | 2 | 987654321987 | blue | | 3 | 5432167894321 | green | +-------+-----------------+---------+ SIZE: +-------+-----------------+---------+ | id | photo_num | size | +-------+-----------------+---------+ | 1 | 123456789123 | large | | 2 | 987654321987 | small | | 3 | 5432167894321 | medium | +-------+-----------------+---------+ Both COLOR and SIZE tables will have several million records. Q1: Is it better to change photo_num on COLOR and SIZE to int(10) and point it to PHOTO's id? Right now I use these: (PHOTO is no where in the picture) SELECT * from COLOR WHERE photo_num='xxx'; SELECT * from SIZE WHERE photo_num='xxx'; Q2: How will the SELECT query look if PHOTO id was used in COLOR, SIZE?

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  • Efficiently retrieve objects with one to many references in Grails using GORM

    - by bebeastie
    I'm trying to determine how to find/retrieve/load objects efficiently in terms of a.) minimizing calls to database and b.) keeping the code as elegant/simple as possible (i.e. not writing hql etc.). Assume you have two objects: public class Foo { Bar bar String badge } public class Bar { String name } Each Foo has a bar and a badge. Also assume that all badges are unique within a bar. So if a Foo has a badge "4565" there are no other Foos that have the same badge # AND the same bar. If I have a bar ID, how can I efficiently retrive the Foo w/o first selecting Bar? I know I can do this: Foo.findByBadgeAndBar("4565", Bar.findById("1")) But that seems to cause a select on the Bar table followed by a select on the Foo table. In other words, I need to produce the Grails/Hibernate/GORM equivalent of the following: select * from foo where badge="4565" and bar_id="1"

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  • constructing dynamic In Statements with sql

    - by nitroxn
    Suppose we need to check three boolean conditions to perform a select query. Let the three flags be 'A', 'B' and 'C'. If all of the three flags are set to '1' then the query to be generated is SELECT * FROM Food WHERE Name In ('Apple, 'Biscuit', 'Chocolate'); If only the flags 'A' and 'B' are set to '1' with C set to '0'. Then the following query is generated. SELECT * FROM Food WHERE Name In ('Apple, 'Biscuit'); What is the best way to do it?

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  • Help Forming An SQL Query That Selects The Max Difference Of Two Fields

    - by Frank
    I'm trying to select a record with the most effective votes. Each record has an id, the number of upvotes (int) and the number of downvotes (int) in a MySQL database. I know basic update, select, insert queries but I'm unsure of how to form a query that looks something like: SELECT * FROM topics WHERE MAX(topic.upvotes - topic.downvotes). Please excuse my made up SQL. The tutorials on SQL I find on the internet cover very basic stuff. Does anyone recommend a good book on this subject?

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  • pipelined function

    - by user289429
    Can someone provide an example of how to use parallel table function in oracle pl/sql. We need to run massive queries for 15 years and combine the result. SELECT * FROM Table(TableFunction(cursor(SELECT * FROM year_table))) ...is what we want effectively. The innermost select will give all the years, and the table function will take each year and run massive query and returns a collection. The problem we have is that all years are being fed to one table function itself, we would rather prefer the table function being called in parallel for each of the year. We tried all sort of partitioning by hash and range and it didn't help. Also, can we drop the keyword PIPELINED from the function declaration? because we are not performing any transformation and just need the aggregate of the resultset.

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  • Get drop down menu value on Jqery

    - by Jerry
    Hi all Got a simple question. I would like to get a drop down menu value when a use clicks it. I tried to write the code on my own, but couldn't do it. Any helps would be appreciated. My Jquery $("#week").change(function(){ var input=$("week: select").val(); alert(input); //display undefiend My Html <form id="week"> <select> <option>Week 1</option> <option>Week 2</option> <option>Week 3</option> <option>Week 4</option> <option>Week 5</option> </select> </form>

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  • How can i pasta the selected region outside emacs

    - by luthur
    i am using Mac os and emacs -nw(the terminal mode) i don't know how can i pasta things (having been implemented by M-w in emacs -nw) outside the emacs. i know that the emacs -ns can do it Searching from the internet and the command C-h b, i find out that method, but it didn't work out. (setq x-select-enable-clipboard t) (setq interprogram-cut-function 'x-select-text) i don't got to know well about the argument of interprogram-cut-function. Where the x-select-text come from and What it means? Help me with that.Thanks a lot.

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  • Auto submit form on clicking specific dropdown - jquery

    - by blasteralfred
    Hi, I have a form like below <form name="testform" id="testform" action="test.php" method="get"> <input name="field1" id="field1" type="text" value=""> <input name="field2" id="field2" type="text" value=""> <select name="dropdown" id="dropdown"> <option value="option1" selected="selected">option1</option> <option value="option2">option2</option> <option value="option3">option3</option> </select> <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Submit" id="Submit"> </form> I want to submit the form automatically when someone click (or select) an option from the dropdown. How can I make this possible using jquery or something else or simple js. Thanks in advance... :) blasteralfred

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  • Run Oracle Procedure just to lock row, without returning a resultset

    - by Pascal
    I want to run a procedure to force a row lock on a row, but I don't want to return a result set to the client, nor do I actually want to update anything. Below is the proc: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SP_LOCK_Row (IDRow IN INTEGER) IS BEGIN SELECT * FROM TBLTable WHERE IDRow = IDRow FOR UPDATE; END; The problem is that I keep getting the error: PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement. Is there a way for me to lock the row without actually having to return a result set back to the client? The SQL Server equivalent is: CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.SP_LOCK_Row( @IDRow INT) AS SELECT * FROM dbo.TBLTable WITH (UPDLOCK, ROWLOCK) WHERE IDRow = @IDRow Tks

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  • How can I Query only __key__ on a Google Appengine PolyModel child?

    - by Gabriel
    So the situation is: I want to optimize my code some for doing counting of records. So I have a parent Model class Base, a PolyModel class Entry, and a child class of Entry Article: How would I query Article.key so I can reduce the query load but only get the Article count. My first thought was to use: q = db.GqlQuery("SELECT __key__ from Article where base = :1", i_base) but it turns out GqlQuery doesn't like that because articles are actually stored in a table called Entry. Would it be possible to Query the class attribute? something like: q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and :2 in class", i_base, 'Article') neither of which work. Turns out the answer is even easier. But I am going to finish this question because I looked everywhere for this. q = db.GqlQuery("select __key__ from Entry where base = :1 and class = :2", i_base, 'Article')

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  • Why does SQLAlchemy with psycopg2 use_native_unicode have poor performance?

    - by Bob Dover
    I'm having a difficult time figuring out why a simple SELECT query is taking such a long time with sqlalchemy using raw SQL (I'm getting 14600 rows/sec, but when running the same query through psycopg2 without sqlalchemy, I'm getting 38421 rows/sec). After some poking around, I realized that toggling sqlalchemy's use_native_unicode parameter in the create_engine call actually makes a huge difference. This query takes 0.5secs to retrieve 7300 rows: from sqlalchemy import create_engine engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://localhost...", use_native_unicode=True) r = engine.execute("SELECT * FROM logtable") fetched_results = r.fetchall() This query takes 0.19secs to retrieve the same 7300 rows: engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://localhost...", use_native_unicode=False) r = engine.execute("SELECT * FROM logtable") fetched_results = r.fetchall() The only difference between the 2 queries is use_native_unicode. But sqlalchemy's own docs state that it is better to keep use_native_unicode=True (http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/postgresql.html). Does anyone know why use_native_unicode is making such a big performance difference? And what are the ramifications of turning off use_native_unicode?

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  • How can I combine result and subquery for IN comparison (mysql)

    - by user325804
    In order for a school project i need to create the following situation within one mysql query. The situation is as such, that a child's tags and a parent's tags need to be combined into one, and compared to a site's tags, depending on a few extra simple equals to lines. For this to happen I only see the option that the result of a subquery is combined with a sub query within that query, as such: SELECT tag.*, (SELECT group_concat(t1.id, ',', (SELECT group_concat(tag.id) FROM adcampaign INNER JOIN adcampaign_tag ON adcampaign.id = adcampaign_tag.adcampaign_id INNER JOIN tag ON adcampaign_tag.tag_id = tag.id WHERE adcampaign.id = 1)) FROM ad, ad_tag, tag AS t1 WHERE ad.id = ad_tag.ad_id AND ad_tag.tag_id = t1.id AND ad.adcampaign_id = 1 AND ad.agecategory_id = 1 AND ad.adsize_id = 1 AND ad.adtype_id = 1) as tags FROM tag WHERE tag.id IN tags But the IN comparison only returns the first result because now the tags aren't a list but a concanated string. Anyone got any suggestion on this? I really need a way to combine it into one array

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  • ASP.NET MVC, JSON & non JavaScript clients

    - by redsquare
    I need to ensure that an application I am developing is accessable and also works with JavaScript turned off. I just need a pointer to assist with the following. I had 3 'chained' select boxes and I wanted JavaScript enabled clients to have a nice Ajax experience. I can easily write the required functionality to populate the chained boxes on the change event of the preceeding select using jQuery and JSON with a WCF service. However what about the non JavaScript client? Would I wrap a submit next to the select and place these inside their own form to post back with a certain action or different querstring parameter? Can the same controller give me a partial JSON response as well as feeding the full HTML response. Can anyone point me to a good demo that utilises both JSON and normal HTTP posts to produce the same result in ASP.NET MVC. All ASP.NET MVC demo/examples I see forget about the non JavaScript enabled client.

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  • tricky SQL when joining

    - by Erik
    I've two tables, shows and objects. I want to print out the latest objects, and the shownames for them. Right now I'm doing it this way: SELECT MAX(objects.id) as max_id, shows.name, shows.id FROM shows, objects WHERE shows.id = objects.showId GROUP BY shows.name however, if I also want to fetch the episode of the object I can't put it like SELECT object.episode [...], because then wont automatically select the object which is MAX(objects.id), so my question is how to do that? If you haven't already figured out my tables they're like this: Shows id name and also: Objects id name episode season showId Using MySQL. Thanks!

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  • n-grams from text in PostgreSQL

    - by harshsinghal
    I am looking to create n-grams from text column in PostgreSQL. I currently split(on white-space) data(sentences) in a text column to an array. select regexp_split_to_array(sentenceData,E'\s+') from tableName Once I have this array, how do I go about: Creating a loop to find n-grams, and write each to a row in another table Using unnest I can obtain all the elements of all the arrays on separate rows, and maybe I can then think of a way to get n-grams from a single column, but I'd loose the sentence boundaries which I wise to preserve. Sample SQL code for PostgreSQL to emulate the above scenario create table tableName(sentenceData text); INSERT INTO tableName(sentenceData) VALUES('This is a long sentence'); INSERT INTO tableName(sentenceData) VALUES('I am currently doing grammar, hitting this monster book btw!'); INSERT INTO tableName(sentenceData) VALUES('Just tonnes of grammar, problem is I bought it in TAIWAN, and so there aint any englihs, just chinese and japanese'); select regexp_split_to_array(sentenceData,E'\s+') from tableName; select unnest(regexp_split_to_array(sentenceData,E'\s+')) from tableName;

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  • Get the last N rows in the database in order?

    - by Kristopher
    Let's say I have the following database table: record_id | record_date | record_value -----------+-------------+-------------- 1 | 2010-05-01 | 195.00 2 | 2010-07-01 | 185.00 3 | 2010-09-01 | 175.00 4 | 2010-05-01 | 189.00 5 | 2010-06-01 | 185.00 6 | 2010-07-01 | 180.00 7 | 2010-08-01 | 175.00 8 | 2010-09-01 | 170.00 9 | 2010-10-01 | 165.00 I want to grab the last 5 rows with the data ordered by record_date ASC. This is easy to do with: SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY record_date ASC LIMIT 5 OFFSET 4 Which would give me: record_id | record_date | record_value -----------+-------------+-------------- 6 | 2010-07-01 | 180.00 7 | 2010-08-01 | 175.00 3 | 2010-09-01 | 175.00 8 | 2010-09-01 | 170.00 9 | 2010-10-01 | 165.00 But how do I do this when I don't know how many records there are and can't compute the magic number of 4? I've tried this query, but if there are less than 5 records, it results in a negative OFFSET, which is invalid: SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY record_date ASC LIMIT 5 OFFSET (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable) - 5; So how do I accomplish this?

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  • How do I make a sql query where fields are the result of a different query?

    - by CRP
    I have two tables, the first is like this: f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 ----------------- data.... the second contains info about the fields of the first: field | info ------------ f1 a f2 b f3 a etc. I would like to query the first table selecting the fields with a query on the second. So, for example, I might want to get data for fields where info is equal to "a", thus I would do "select f1, f3 from first_table". How do I do this programmatically? I was thinking about something along the lines of select (select fields from second_table where info='a') from first_table Thanks Chris

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  • Search function fails because it refers to the wrong controller action?

    - by Christoffer
    My Sunspot search function (sunspot_rails gem) works just fine in my index view, but when I duplicate it to my show view my search breaks... views/supplierproducts/show.html.erb <%= form_tag supplierproducts_path, :method => :get, :id => "supplierproducts_search" do %> <p> <%= text_field_tag :search, params[:search], placeholder: "Search by SKU, product name & EAN number..." %> </p> <div id="supplierproducts"><%= render 'supplierproducts' %></div> <% end %> assets/javascripts/application.js $(function () { $('#supplierproducts th a').live('click', function () { $.getScript(this.href); return false; } ); $('#supplierproducts_search input').keyup(function () { $.get($("#supplierproducts_search").attr("action"), $("#supplierproducts_search").serialize(), null, 'script'); return false; }); }); views/supplierproducts/show.js.erb $('#supplierproducts').html('<%= escape_javascript(render("supplierproducts")) %>'); views/supplierproducts/_supplierproducts.hmtl.erb <%= hidden_field_tag :direction, params[:direction] %> <%= hidden_field_tag :sort, params[:sort] %> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th><%= sortable "sku", "SKU" %></th> <th><%= sortable "name", "Product name" %></th> <th><%= sortable "stock", "Stock" %></th> <th><%= sortable "price", "Price" %></th> <th><%= sortable "ean", "EAN number" %></th> </tr> </thead> <% for supplierproduct in @supplier.supplierproducts %> <tbody> <tr> <td><%= supplierproduct.sku %></td> <td><%= supplierproduct.name %></td> <td><%= supplierproduct.stock %></td> <td><%= supplierproduct.price %></td> <td><%= supplierproduct.ean %></td> </tr> </tbody> <% end %> </table> controllers/supplierproducts_controller.rb class SupplierproductsController < ApplicationController helper_method :sort_column, :sort_direction def show @supplier = Supplier.find(params[:id]) @search = @supplier.supplierproducts.search do fulltext params[:search] end @supplierproducts = @search.results end end private def sort_column Supplierproduct.column_names.include?(params[:sort]) ? params[:sort] : "name" end def sort_direction %w[asc desc].include?(params[:direction]) ? params[:direction] : "asc" end models/supplierproduct.rb class Supplierproduct < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :ean, :name, :price, :sku, :stock, :supplier_id belongs_to :supplier validates :supplier_id, presence: true searchable do text :ean, :name, :sku end end Visiting show.html.erb works just fine. Log shows: Started GET "/supplierproducts/2" for 127.0.0.1 at 2012-06-24 13:44:52 +0200 Processing by SupplierproductsController#show as HTML Parameters: {"id"=>"2"} Supplier Load (0.1ms) SELECT "suppliers".* FROM "suppliers" WHERE "suppliers"."id" = ? LIMIT 1 [["id", "2"]] SOLR Request (252.9ms) [ path=#<RSolr::Client:0x007fa5880b8e68> parameters={data: fq=type%3ASupplierproduct&start=0&rows=30&q=%2A%3A%2A, method: post, params: {:wt=>:ruby}, query: wt=ruby, headers: {"Content-Type"=>"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}, path: select, uri: http://localhost:8982/solr/select?wt=ruby, open_timeout: , read_timeout: } ] Supplierproduct Load (0.2ms) SELECT "supplierproducts".* FROM "supplierproducts" WHERE "supplierproducts"."id" IN (1) Supplierproduct Load (0.1ms) SELECT "supplierproducts".* FROM "supplierproducts" WHERE "supplierproducts"."supplier_id" = 2 Rendered supplierproducts/_supplierproducts.html.erb (2.2ms) Rendered supplierproducts/show.html.erb within layouts/application (3.3ms) Rendered layouts/_shim.html.erb (0.0ms) User Load (0.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."remember_token" = 'zMrtTbDun2MjMHRApSthCQ' LIMIT 1 Rendered layouts/_header.html.erb (2.1ms) Rendered layouts/_footer.html.erb (0.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 278ms (Views: 20.6ms | ActiveRecord: 0.6ms | Solr: 252.9ms) But it breaks when I type in a search. Log shows: Started GET "/supplierproducts?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=a&direction=&sort=&_=1340538830635" for 127.0.0.1 at 2012-06-24 13:53:50 +0200 Processing by SupplierproductsController#index as JS Parameters: {"utf8"=>"?", "search"=>"a", "direction"=>"", "sort"=>"", "_"=>"1340538830635"} Rendered supplierproducts/_supplierproducts.html.erb (2.4ms) Rendered supplierproducts/index.js.erb (2.9ms) Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 6ms ActionView::Template::Error (undefined method `supplierproducts' for nil:NilClass): 10: <th><%= sortable "ean", "EAN number" %></th> 11: </tr> 12: </thead> 13: <% for supplierproduct in @supplier.supplierproducts %> 14: <tbody> 15: <tr> 16: <td><%= supplierproduct.sku %></td> app/views/supplierproducts/_supplierproducts.html.erb:13:in `_app_views_supplierproducts__supplierproducts_html_erb___2251600857885474606_70174444831200' app/views/supplierproducts/index.js.erb:1:in `_app_views_supplierproducts_index_js_erb___1613906916161905600_70174464073480' Rendered /Users/Computer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@myapp/gems/actionpack-3.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb (33.3ms) Rendered /Users/Computer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@myapp/gems/actionpack-3.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb (0.9ms) Rendered /Users/Computer/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@myapp/gems/actionpack-3.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb within rescues/layout (39.7ms)

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  • extracting only elements with text (or value)

    - by guy
    hay all. i am trying to transform html to xml meaning extracting all elements with text using this code is not working maybe some one has the answer ? System.Xml.Linq.XElement query1 = new System.Xml.Linq.XElement("RawHTMLData", from q in hDoc.Descendants("TABLE") where q.HasElements select new System.Xml.Linq.XElement("TABLE" + (++i).ToString(), from j in q.Elements("TR") where j.HasElements && j.Descendants("div") != null select new System.Xml.Linq.XElement("Row", from hh in j.Descendants("div") where tt => j.Descendants("div").Contains(hh.Value) select(TT(hh)))));

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  • Sql combine 2 rows to one

    - by Yan
    Hi , i have this table Testers employee name ------------ Sam Korch dan mano i want to combine tow rows to one, it will be "Sam Korch,Dan Mano" i have this query select @theString = COALESCE(@theString + ',', '') + EmployeeName from Testers join vw_EKDIR on Testers.TesterGlobalId = vw_EKDIR.GlobalID where TestId = 31 it working but i dont want to do select i want the result will be in @thestring so i try to do this query set @theString = ( select @theString = COALESCE(@theString + ',', '') + EmployeeName from Testers join vw_EKDIR on Testers.TesterGlobalId = vw_EKDIR.GlobalID where TestId = 31 ) it is not working ... i want @thestring will be the result. any idaes ? thanks

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  • In SQL / MySQL, what is the difference between "On" and "Where" in a join statement?

    - by Jian Lin
    The following statements give the same result (one is using "on", and the other using "where"): mysql> select * from gifts INNER JOIN sentGifts on gifts.giftID = sentGifts.giftID; mysql> select * from gifts INNER JOIN sentGifts where gifts.giftID = sentGifts.giftID; I can only see in a case of a Left Outer Join finding the "unmatched" cases: (to find out the gifts that were never sent by anybody) mysql> select name from gifts LEFT OUTER JOIN sentgifts on gifts.giftID = sentgifts.giftID where sentgifts.giftID IS NULL; In this case, it is first using "on", and then "where". Does the "on" first do the matching, and then "where" does the "secondary" filtering? Or is there a more general rule of using "on" versus "where"? Thanks.

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