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• Converting gzip files to bzip2 efficiently

  - by sundar

  I have a bunch of gzip files that I have to convert to bzip2 every now and then. Currently, I'm using a shell script that simply 'gunzip's each file and then 'bzip2's it. Though this works, it takes a lot of time to complete. Is it possible to make this process more efficient? I'm ready to take a dive and look into gunzip and bzip2's source codes if necessary, but I just want to be sure of the payoff. Is there any hope of improving the efficiency of the process?

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• ssh port forwarding / security risk

  - by jcooper

  Hi there, I want to access a web application running on a web server behind my office firewall from an external machine. We have a bastion host running sshd that is accessible from the Internet. I want to know if this solution is a bad idea: Create an account on the bastion host with shell=/bin/false and no password ('testuser') Create a ssh RSA key on the external machine Add the public RSA key to the testuser's authorized_keys file ssh to the bastion host from the external host using: ssh -N 8888:targethost:80 run my tests from the external host shut down the ssh tunnel I understand that if my RSA private key were compromised then someone could ssh to the bastion host. But are there other reasons this solution is a bad idea? thank you!

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• Rip authedicatation from LDAP to Local

  - by oxinabox

  We are taking a small portion of out network offline, and running a separate network using that portion. (By small portion I mean 2 servers, that will be connected to 30 odd boxs that aren't usually part of our network, and don't need to authenicate) I intend to create a VM on one of the servers to provide general user services, and IRC server, remote shell etc. And I would like the users to be able to use there usual server log in details. Problem is the LDAP server that normally checks those details is not one of the severs. So I need to be able to some how take their details off LDAP and put them on the the server that is coming. One suggestion I had was to set a LDAP server on the VM locally, and clone the LDAP database onto it (using something called slapcat) is this the best way? Or can I I change the LDAP data into local authentication data?

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• Where does Rundesk execute local tasks from

  - by Leon Stafford

  I'm trying to interact with the nodejs Azure sdk from a CentOS installation of Rundeck. If I try from the "run" adhoc virtual shell, I am able to after running azure account import <mykey> and can then also execute other Azure commands inside of jobs if I set them as Rundeck node tasks and not selecting "dispatch to nodes" in the job settings. Trying to run the Azure sdk commands as commands to be dispatched to the node (local) fails with the error: localhost1-NodeDispatch-localexec 04:53:04 /usr/bin/env: node: No such file or directory 04:53:04 Failed: NonZeroResultCode: Result code was 127 I am not able to "jumpstart" the same environment by running azure account import <mykey> I am assuming this is a permissions/environmental issue, though not sure how to fix it. UPDATE: Executing whoami from the same job returns rundeck, so I assume I will need to either modify that to execute tasks as my system user or grant permissions to get the rundeck user into the node environment the Azure sdk is running in?

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• How to programmatically query bash completion for given string

  - by Ryan McKay

  I want to ask bash how it would complete a string as if I had typed it in a shell and hit tab. For example, if I type ls /[TAB][TAB] I see the list of files and dirs in / that could possibly complete the ls command. How do I ask bash how it would complete 'ls /' without typing it and hitting tab? I want something like: query_complete 'partial command line string' I read the man page for complete and compgen, but couldn't figure out how to do it with them. Note: 'ls /' is not the actual command I'm interested in, just an example. I am looking for a general solution for any arbitrary string representing a partial command line.

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• Python installation in OSX not updating

  - by ElendilTheTall

  I've recently got into Python programming and so downloaded the latest version (3.2.3) to install on my Mac running Snow Leopard. I used the installer package. I have run the shell profile update script, but Terminal is still using 2.6.1 to run my programs. I have tried changing the paths with sudo nano as per this post but it makes no difference - it still uses 2.6.1 Any ideas, oh mighty Super Users? I am a complete noob when it comes to Terminal commands.

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• A specific user is unable to log in to vsftpd

  - by HackToHell

  I am setting up a new user let his name be ftpguy. He has access to only one directory /var/www/xxx. I have already chowned the directory so that he has write and read privileges. The user is also unable to login via ssh as I have disabled that by changing his shell to /sbin/nologin. Also, in vsftpd config, I have enabled the chroot_local_user. Now whenever I log in from ftp, i get an auth error. Connect socket #1008 to xxxxxxxx, port 21... 220 Welcome to blah FTP service. USER ftpguy 331 Please specify the password. PASS ********** 530 Login incorrect. I changed the password to something different several times, using the passwd command, nothing happens, i still the above error. However I am able to log in with my ssh creditals to my ftp server without any problems.(I do not use a key).

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• CentOS: revert python version back to original

  - by NP

  Hi all, I installed python 2.6 using the instructions here on CentOS 5.4. However I realized it was a bad move and I need to revert back to 2.4, which was there originally. Can anyone guide me on how to undo what I did here? In particular, I am not sure how to undo this: Configure ld to find your shared libs: $ cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opt-python2.5.conf /opt/python2.5/lib (hit enter) (hit ctrl-d to return to shell) $ ldconfig I tried removing the alias and the symlink and even re-aliasing python to /usr/bin/python, but when I try to install an RPM i get this error: error: Failed dependencies: libpython2.4.so.1.0 is needed by ... Thanks in advance.

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• Spotlight actually searching every file on "This Mac"

  - by Cawas

  I know of 2 ways to search for any file in your machine using Finder (some say it's Spotlight) and no Terminal. To prevent answers / comments about Terminal, I consider it either for scripting something or as last resource. It's not practical for lots of usages. For instance, if you want to find something to attach to a mail, or embed in iTunes or any other app, you can just drag n' drop one or many of them. Definitely not practical to do under Terminal. There are many cases of use for any, but the focus here is Graphical User Interface. Well, the 2 ways basically are: Press Cmd + Opt + Spacebar and type in your search. Press the + button, select "System files" and "are included". This is so far my preferred way, but I'm not sure it will go through every file. Open Finder, press Cmd + Shift + G and/or select just one folder. Type in your search and select the folder rather than "This Mac". This will bring files not shown in "This Mac" if you select a folder outside of the default scope. Thing is, none of those is really convenient or have the nice presentation from regular Spotlight, which you get from Cmd + Spacebar and just typing. And, as far as I've heard, the default behavior on Spotlight in Tiger was actually being able to find files anywhere. So, is there any way to make the process significantly simpler? Maybe some tweak, configuration or really good Spotlight alternative? I'd rather keep it simple and tweak Spotlight.

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• What do these "Cron Daemon" email errors mean?

  - by Meltemi

  Anyone know what this means? Getting one of these every minute in one user's inbox: From: Cron Daemon <[email protected]> Subject: Cron <joe@mail> /tmp/.d/update >/dev/null 2>&1 To: [email protected] Received: from murder ([unix socket]) by mail.domain.com (Cyrus v2.2.12-OS X 10.3) with LMTPA; Tue, 04 May 2010 10:35:00 -0700 shell-init: could not get current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: Permission denied job-working-directory: could not get current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: Permission denied

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• How do I get a file type to show up with a name I choose in Windows Explorer?

  - by Adrian

  I associated a file extension using the command assoc. But in the Explorer, it lists the type as the extension name. I.e. assoc .sh=ShellScript will still cause explorer to show the type as SH File. Anyway to change it so it shows up as ShellScript or better yet, Shell Script? EDIT: Using assoc didn't work. Seems to be something wrong with my registry. I figured that using quotes would put in a white space, but because it didn't show up in the explorer, I figured it may have been part of the problem.

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• SQL like group by and sum for text files in command line?

  - by dnkb

  I have huge text files with two fields, the first is a string the second is an integer. The files are sorted by the first field. What I'd like to get in the output is one line per unique string and the sum of the numbers for the identical strings. Some strings appear only once while other appear multiple times. E.g. Given the sample data below, for the string glehnia I'd like to get 10+22=32 in the result. Any suggestions how to do this either with gnuwin32 command line tools or in linux shell? Thanks! glehnia 10 glehnia 22 glehniae 343 glehnii 923 glei 1171 glei 2283 glei 3466 gleib 914 gleiber 652 gleiberg 495 gleiberg 709

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• Screen startup apps

  - by stillinbeta

  I know that most people don't bother with things like screen anymore, but I happen to really like it, even in this GUI day and age. I still do most of my development from a BASH prompt, so it's extremely useful to me. What I'm wondering is what the easiest way is to start an instance of screen (stored in a shell script or .screenrc or somewhere else) so that it starts up with set commands already running in set windows. For example, I use a django test server, so I'd like one window to come up running "python manage.py runserver" and another blank, waiting for commands. The man page is wholly indecipherable. These old unix utilities can do quite nearly everything, so I'm sure this is possible, but I can't for the life of me figure out how. I

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• How to connect to WPA2 encrypted wireless-network when booted from CloneZilla Live-CD?

  - by caligula

  My intention is to perform a backup of my laptop's (Dell Vostro 3350) sda1 disk to my desktop. After some googling I decided to use CloneZilla for that purpose. I have an OpenSSH server installed and running on my desktop. So I inserted CloneZilla CD to CD-rom, booted from it, then chose an option smth like "use ssh server to store image". Then I got an invitation to choose a network interface. I chose wlan0 and entered shell to manualy configure connection. And that's where I got into trouble, for wifi-network which I wanted to use is WPA2-encrypted, and I don't know how to connect to it from command line. Can somebody assist me. Appreciation for advance.

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• Linux Bluetooth [closed]

  - by Chris

  Not sure if this is the proper forum; please forgive me if it's not... I have a Lenovo S10 'netbook' that I've installed Fedora 17 ("LXDE spin") on. So far pretty much everything works great, except, the on-board Bluetooth. lsusb shows the controller present (0a5c:2101 Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller), hcitool dev shows hci0 present, but when I put my mouse ("Lenovo Bluetooth Laser Mouse," which works perfectly paired with a MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac mini, and Lenovo SL500 (with a USB dongle; running Windows 7)) into pairing mode and run either hcitool scan (reports "Scanning ..." and, without further information or error message, returns to the shell prompt) or bluetooth-wizard (from the gnome-bluetooth package) and try to detect the mouse, I get nothing... Frustrating! Thanks anyone who can point me in the right direction!

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• Applescript cannot find sed during application install

  - by jsmorris

  I am attempting to install an application, but the installer fails with the following error message: sh: sed: command not found and there is an Edit and OK button in the dialog, so I click the Edit button which launches the AppleScript Editor to show me the script that is executing. Running it from within the Editor doesn't work either. The first line of the script with sed is set currdir_modified to do shell script ("echo " & currdir & " | sed 's/ /\\ /g'") I went to the terminal to make sure sed was available, and it is, in /usr/bin. This sounds like a path problem, but I am not sure where to go from here. What can I do to further troubleshoot or solution this issue? I have successfully installed this app on another mac running the same OS X version, so it is specific to my mac and the application's support is not providing any more help because it is my mac's problem, not theirs.

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• Getting VSFTP running on Fedora 14

  - by Louis W

  Having troubles getting VSFTPD running on Fedora 14. Here is what I have done so far, please let me know if I am missing something. When I try to connect through FTP it says connection time out. Installed VSFTP with yum yum install vsftpd Edited config file vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf Started service and made sure it would always start up service vsftpd start chkconfig vsftpd on Added and configured a new user /usr/sbin/useradd upload /usr/bin/passwd upload usermod -c "This user cannot login to a shell" -s /sbin/nologin upload Added firewall rules iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart Checked netstat (In reply to comment below) tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23752/vsftpd

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• passing on command line options in bash

  - by bryan

  I have a question. I have a script, a kind of long script written in bash aprox. 370 lines. That has several functions and in those functions the user has to enter information which is then stored in files. ( This is suppose to represent a MySQL database, with the functions INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, SELECT where x=y.) I created this myself in bash, now the only thing that rests me is that I need to be able to pass arguments on the command line to the script, that will do the same as the script does. I know that bash has positional parameters such as $1 $2 $3 $* $@ $0 ( refers to the name of the script) etc. I know how I can use these parameters in a simple if function. This is not enough for my script. I basicly need to do the same thing that the script does, but then from the command line. I have been struggling with this for a couple of days now and I cannot think of a way to get it to work. Maybe someone here can help me with this? If you want to have the script. That can be possible, but I don't think I can paste it in here... EDIT: Link to script, http://pastebin.com/Hd5VsDv2 Note, I am a beginner in bash scripting. EDIT: This is in reply to Answer 1. As I said I hope I can just replace the if [ "$1" = "one" ] ; then echo "found one" to if [ "$1" = "one" ] ; then echo SELECT where SELECT is the function I previously had in my script(above) http://pastebin.com/VFMkBL6g LINK to testing script

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• SSH as root using public key still prompts for password on RHEL 6.1

  - by Dean Schulze

  I've generated rsa keys with cygwin ssh-keygen and copied them to the server with ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub [email protected] I've got the following settings in my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys PermitRootLogin yes When I ssh [email protected] it still prompts for a password. The output below from /usr/sbin/sshd -d says that a matching keys was found in the .ssh/authorized_keys file, but it still requires a password from the client. I've read a bunch of web postings about permissions on files and directories, but nothing works. Is it possible to ssh with keys in RHEL 6.1 or is this forbidden? The debug output from ssh and sshd is below. $ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_6.1p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012 debug1: Connecting to my.ip.address [my.ip.address] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 9f:00:e0:1e:a2:cd:05:53:c8:21:d5:69:25:80:39:92 debug1: Host 'my.ip.address' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/dschulze/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: password Here is the server output from /usr/sbin/sshd -d [root@ga2-lab .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd -d debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.3p1 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 5 out 5 newsock 5 pipe -1 sock 8 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3 Connection from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST received debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method none debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: PAM: initializing for "root" debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "172.60.254.24" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Postponed publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 2 failures 0 debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: root has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: ssh_gssapi_storecreds: Not a GSSAPI mechanism debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: SELinux support enabled debug1: PAM: establishing credentials PAM: pam_open_session(): Authentication failure debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 ssh_selinux_setup_pty: security_compute_relabel: Invalid argument debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_close_by_channel: channel 0 child 0 debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 0 debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1 Received disconnect from 172.60.254.24: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: deleting credentials

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• Loop through several servers, find specific dlls , get the dll version, internal filename and path?

  - by Graham

  I am a newby to Powershell, and using PS v2. I can see the massive potential it has, but I just can't get the following code to work fully. I am trying to end up with a csv file that contains the wild carded required dlls in the GAC_MSIL or sub-directory, get the dll version, internal filename and path, and the server IP address. The code is below, and it is in single line format because it appears easier to remote onto one of the servers in the server farm and run the single line from that console, ue to security log-ins etc. The code has produced a set of results, but only for the last server, it probably does the first server, then overwrites it but I am not sure about that. I have done a lot of reading about using arrays, and custom objects, and had a go at doing that, but my scripting skills in PS are not yet up to it. Code: $out = "Ouput_dll_ver_results.csv";foreach ($server in '11.222.33.123', '11.222.33.124') {$VersionInfo = (Get-ChildItem \$server\C$\windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL -recurse -Include abc*.dll,def*.dll,ghi*.dll,jkl*.dll | Where-Object { $.FullName -notmatch "\windows\assembly\temp\" })}; $VersionInfo | %{Get-Command $.FullName} | select -expand File* |Export-Csv $out Can you please advise if/how the above code can be corrected, and if not, what alternatives do I have to get the information I need. Many thanks in advance. Graham

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• Automate proftpd-basic install on ubuntu using apt-get

  - by Bryan

  I'm trying to build a shell script to automate the installation of several packages onto an Ubuntu 10.04 server, and I'm having problems with proftpd-basic. I'm using the command line apt-get -qy install proftpd-basic >/tmp/install.log For most packages, this approach would work fine, however proftpd-basic appears to require some interaction (it asks whether to perform an inetd or standalone installation). Is it possible for me to pre-select this option on the command line somehow, as I don't want the user to be bothered by this question? - For info, if it matters, I want to choose the 'standalone' option.

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• apache2 mysql authentication module and SHA1 encryption

  - by Luca Rossi

  I found myself in a setup on where I need to enable some authentication method using mysql. I already have an user scheme. That user scheme is working like a charm with MD5 password and CRYPT, but when I turn to SHA1sum it says: [Fri Oct 26 00:03:20 2012] [error] Unsupported encryption type: Sha1sum No useful debug informations on log files. This is my setup and some info: debian6 apache and ssl installed packages: root@sistemichiocciola:/etc/apache2/mods-available# dpkg --list | grep apache ii apache2 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 Apache HTTP Server metapackage ii apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 Apache HTTP Server - traditional non-threaded model ii apache2-utils 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 utility programs for webservers ii apache2.2-bin 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 Apache HTTP Server common binary files ii apache2.2-common 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 Apache HTTP Server common files ii libapache2-mod-auth-mysql 4.3.9-13+b1 Apache 2 module for MySQL authentication ii libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.3-7+squeeze14 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) root@sistemichiocciola:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled# dpkg --list | grep ssl ii libssl-dev 0.9.8o-4squeeze13 SSL development libraries, header files and documentation ii libssl0.9.8 0.9.8o-4squeeze13 SSL shared libraries ii openssl 0.9.8o-4squeeze13 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) binary and related cryptographic tools ii openssl-blacklist 0.5-2 list of blacklisted OpenSSL RSA keys ii ssl-cert 1.0.28 simple debconf wrapper for OpenSSL my vhost setup: AuthMySQL On Auth_MySQL_Host localhost Auth_MySQL_User XXX Auth_MySQL_Password YYY Auth_MySQL_DB users AuthName "Sistemi Chiocciola Sezione Informatica" AuthType Basic # require valid-user require group informatica Auth_MySQL_Encryption_Types Crypt Sha1sum AuthBasicAuthoritative Off AuthUserFile /dev/null Auth_MySQL_Password_Table users Auth_MYSQL_username_field email Auth_MYSQL_password_field password AuthMySQL_Empty_Passwords Off AuthMySQL_Group_Table http_groups Auth_MySQL_Group_Field user_group Have I missed a package/configuration or something?

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• How to forward external port to internal port using plink

  - by user857990

  For a penetration test where I have shell access to a computer running an old Windows, I'd like to forward port 4450 to 127.0.0.1:445 because the firewall is blocking 445 externally. I'm stuck on the following: plink -L 4450:127.0.0.1:445 SSH-Server According to the documentation I've found, I'd have to specify a SSH-Server. But all documentation I've found just uses an SSH-Server in the same network. To forward it to a localhost port, that wouldn't help. Do I have to install an SSH-Server on that machine or are there other ways?

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