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  • Friday Fun: Fort Blaster – Ahoy There

    - by Asian Angel
    In this week’s game you and your pirate crew luck out and find a series of forts full of treasure waiting for you to claim in a campaign of high seas terror. So hoist the colors, grab your favorite cannon, and get ready to blast your way to fame and fortune! How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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  • Playing a video logs me out

    - by Kartick Vaddadi
    When I try to play a video in vlc, totem or banshee, it immediately logs me out. Sometimes this happens when I try to full screen the video. This seems to happen only after upgrading to ubuntu 11, and happens for multiple kinds of files, like avi and m4v. The motherboard is Asus a8v-mx. Please help me fix my ubuntu installation. Thanks. Here are the relevant entries from syslog: 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.157457] powernow-k8: Hardware error - pending bit very stuck - no further pstate changes possible May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.158634] powernow-k8: transition frequency failed May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.264015] powernow-k8: failing targ, change pending bit set May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.306466] agpgart-amd64 0000:00:00.0: AGP 3.0 bridge May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.306489] agpgart-amd64 0000:00:00.0: putting AGP V3 device into 8x mode May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.306562] pci 0000:01:00.0: putting AGP V3 device into 8x mode May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.372044] powernow-k8: error - out of sync, fix 0x2 0xa, vid 0x4 0x4 May 1 21:12:27 enlightenment kernel: [ 488.372055] powernow-k8: ph2 null fid transition 0xa May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 1987 of process 1987 (n/a) owned by '105' high priority at nice level -11. May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Supervising 1 threads of 1 processes of 1 users. May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 1988 of process 1987 (n/a) owned by '105' RT at priority 5. May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Supervising 2 threads of 1 processes of 1 users. May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 1989 of process 1987 (n/a) owned by '105' RT at priority 5. May 1 21:12:30 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Supervising 3 threads of 1 processes of 1 users. May 1 21:12:32 enlightenment gdm-simple-greeter[1975]: Gtk-WARNING: /build/buildd/gtk+2.0-2.24.4/gtk/gtkwidget.c:5687: widget not within a GtkWindow May 1 21:12:32 enlightenment gdm-simple-greeter[1975]: WARNING: Unable to load CK history: no seat-id found May 1 21:12:34 enlightenment gdm-session-worker[1978]: GLib-GObject-CRITICAL: g_value_get_boolean: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOOLEAN (value)' failed May 1 21:12:38 enlightenment gdm-session-worker[1978]: pam_sm_authenticate: Called May 1 21:12:38 enlightenment gdm-session-worker[1978]: pam_sm_authenticate: username = [rama] May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 2108 of process 2108 (n/a) owned by '1000' high priority at nice level -11. May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Supervising 4 threads of 2 processes of 2 users. May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment pulseaudio[2108]: pid.c: Stale PID file, overwriting. May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 2111 of process 2108 (n/a) owned by '1000' RT at priority 5. May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Supervising 5 threads of 2 processes of 2 users. May 1 21:12:39 enlightenment rtkit-daemon[1304]: Successfully made thread 2112 of process 2

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  • Oracle Fusion Middleware gives you Choice and Portability for Public and Private Cloud

    - by Michelle Kimihira
    Author: Margaret Lee, Senior Director, Product Management, Oracle Fusion Middleware Cloud Computing allows customers to quickly develop and deploy applications in a shared environment.  The environment can span across hardward (IaaS), foundation layer software (PaaS), and end-user software (SaaS). Cloud Computing provides compelling benefits in terms of business agility and IT cost savings.  However, with complex, existing heterogeneous architectures, and concerns for security and manageability, enterprises are challenged to define their Cloud strategy.  For most enterprises, the solution is a hybrid of private and public cloud.  Fusion Middleware supports customers’ Cloud requirements through choice and portability. Fusion Middleware supports a variety of cloud development and deployment models:  Oracle [Public] Cloud; customer private cloud; hybrid of these two, and traditional dedicated, on-premise model Customers can develop applications in any of these models and deployed in another, providing the flexibility and portability they need Oracle Cloud is a public cloud offering.  Within Oracle Cloud, Fusion Middleware provides two key offerings include the Developer cloud service and Java cloud deployment service. Developer Cloud Service Simplify Development: Automated provisioned environment; pre-configured and integrated; web-based administration Deploy Automatically: Fully integrated with Oracle Cloud for Java deployment; workflow ensures build & test Collaborate & Manage: Fits any size team; integrated team source repository; continuous integration; task/defect tracking Integrated with all major IDEs: Oracle JDeveloper; NetBeans; Eclipse Java Cloud Service Java Cloud service provides flexible Java deployment environment for departmental applications and development, staging, QA, training, and demo environments.  It also supports customizations deployments for SaaS-based Fusion Applications customers.  Some key features of Java Cloud Service include: WebLogic Server on Exalogic, secure, highly available infrastructure Database Service & IDE Integration Open, Standard-based Deploy Web Apps, Web Services, REST Services Fully managed and supported by Oracle For more information, please visit Oracle Cloud, Oracle Cloud Java Service and Oracle Cloud Developer Service. If your enterprise prefers a private cloud, for reasons such as security, control, manageability, and complex integration that prevent your applications from being deployed on a public cloud, Fusion Middleware also provide you with the products and tools you need.  Sometimes called Private PaaS, private clouds have their predecessors in shared-services arrangements many large companies have been building in the past decade.  The difference, however, are in the scope of the services, and depth of their capabilities.  In terms of vertical stack depth, private clouds not only provide hardware and software infrastructure to run your applications, they also provide services such as integration and security, that your applications need.  Horizontally, private clouds provide monitoring, management, lifecycle, and charge back capabilities out-of-box that shared-services platforms did not have before. Oracle Fusion Middleware includes the complete stack of hardware and software for you to build private clouds: SOA suite and BPM suite to support systems integration and process flow between applications deployed on your private cloud and the rest of your organization Identity and Access Management suite to provide security, provisioning, and access services for applications deployed on your private cloud WebLogic Server to run your applications Enterprise Manager's Cloud Management pack to monitor, manage, upgrade applications running on your private cloud Exalogic or optimized Oracle-Sun hardware to build out your private cloud The most important key differentiator for Oracle's cloud solutions is portability, between private and public clouds.  This is unique to Oracle because portability requires the vendor to have product depth and breadth in both public cloud services and private cloud product offerings.  Most public cloud vendors cannot provide the infrastructure and tools customers need to build their own private clouds.  In reverse, traditional software tools vendors typically do not have the product and expertise breadth to build out and offer a public cloud.  Oracle can.  It is important for customers that the products and technologies  Oracle uses to build its public is the same set that it sells to customers for them to build private clouds.  Fundamentally, that enables skills reuse,  as well as application portability. For more information on Oracle PaaS offerings, please visit Oracle's product information page.    Resources Follow us on Twitter and Facebook Subscribe to our regular Fusion Middleware Newsletter

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  • On the Internet Content is King!

    People don't just visit sites with great graphics and wonderful design, they go for the information they learn from that website. Having high quality content will not just attract visitors, it will also attract search engines and improve your rankings in the search engines.

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  • Maximum Availability with Oracle GoldenGate

    - by Irem Radzik
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Oracle Database offers a variety of built-in and optional products for maximum availability, and it is well known for its robust high availability and disaster recovery solutions. With its heterogeneous, real-time, transactional data movement capabilities, Oracle GoldenGate is a key part of the Maximum Availability Architecture for Oracle Database. This week on Thursday Dec. 13th we will be presenting in a live webcast how Oracle GoldenGate fits into Oracle Database Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA). Joe Meeks from the Oracle Database High Availability team will discuss how Oracle GoldenGate complements other key products within MAA such as Active Data Guard. Nick Wagner from GoldenGate PM team will present how to upgrade to latest Oracle Database release without any downtime. Nick will also cover 2 new features of  Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2:  Integrated Capture for Oracle Database and Automated Conflict Detection and Resolution. Nick will provide in depth review of these new features with examples. Oracle GoldenGate also offers maximum availability for non-Oracle databases, such as HP NonStop, SQL Server, DB2 (LUW, iSeries, or zSeries) and more. The same robust, reliable real-time, bidirectional data movement capabilities apply to all supported databases.  I'd like to invite you to join us on Thursday Dec. 13th 10am PT/1pm ET to hear from the product experts on how to use GoldenGate for maximizing database availability and to ask your questions. You can find the registration link below. Webcast: Maximum Availability with Oracle GoldenGate Thursday Dec. 13th 10am PT/1pm ET Look forward to another great webcast with lots of interaction with the audience. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

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  • Working with Legacy code #3 : Build a safety net.

    - by andrewstopford
    The first port of call in changing legacy code is a safety net, without one your fingers will get burnt. Make your safety net a high level functional test over the major areas of the application. Automate the test, plug it into your CI builds and run it every night. The test should act as a final fail safe as you work.

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  • what about laptop parts from Pcpartsltd.com?

    - by pcpartsltd
    i will buy some items form Pcpartsltd.com,what about it? i have seen some words:Pcpartsltd.com limited is a direct Exporter of high quality pc part notebooks, laptop power adapters, laptop batteries, laptop keyboards, laptop Inverters, laptop Hinges, laptop CPU Fan, laptop driver, laptop MotherBoards, Samsung Wall Mount, laptop LCD Bezel/ LCD lid, laptop lcd/led panel and Laptop LCD Video Cable. We are Laptop Parts experts.

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  • Windows 8 : L'OS pourrait embarquer Internet Explorer 10 à sa sortie, et le navigateur serait tactile

    Windows 8 : L'OS pourrait embarquer Internet Explorer 10 à sa sortie, et le navigateur serait tactile Mise à jour du 18.03.2011 par Katleen Et c'est parti pour une rumeur de plus. Celle-ci vient de Chine, et affirme que Microsoft prévoirait de sortir la prochaine version d'Internet Explorer avec Windows 8. Les deux programmes seraient même liés, puisque le navigateur serait intégré à l'OS. De plus, comme ce système à venir devrait logiquement être recentré sur le Cloud Computing et optimisé pour les tablettes (voir les news précédentes), il semble logique à certains de dire que IE10 sera tactile. Les prochains mois pourraient donc voir arriver un package "touch friendly", si ces supposition...

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  • What's wrong with this turn to face algorithm?

    - by Chan
    I implement a torpedo object that chases a rotating planet. Specifically, it will turn toward the planet each update. Initially my implement was: void move() { vector3<float> to_target = target - get_position(); to_target.normalize(); position += (to_target * speed); } which works perfectly for torpedo that is a solid sphere. Now my torpedo is actually a model, which has a forward vector, so using this method looks odd because it doesn't actually turn toward but jump toward. So I revised it a bit to get, double get_rotation_angle(vector3<float> u, vector3<float> v) const { u.normalize(); v.normalize(); double cosine_theta = u.dot(v); // domain of arccosine is [-1, 1] if (cosine_theta > 1) { cosine_theta = 1; } if (cosine_theta < -1) { cosine_theta = -1; } return math3d::to_degree(acos(cosine_theta)); } vector3<float> get_rotation_axis(vector3<float> u, vector3<float> v) const { u.normalize(); v.normalize(); // fix linear case if (u == v || u == -v) { v[0] += 0.05; v[1] += 0.0; v[2] += 0.05; v.normalize(); } vector3<float> axis = u.cross(v); return axis.normal(); } void turn_to_face() { vector3<float> to_target = (target - position); vector3<float> axis = get_rotation_axis(get_forward(), to_target); double angle = get_rotation_angle(get_forward(), to_target); double distance = math3d::distance(position, target); gl_matrix_mode(GL_MODELVIEW); gl_push_matrix(); { gl_load_identity(); gl_translate_f(position.get_x(), position.get_y(), position.get_z()); gl_rotate_f(angle, axis.get_x(), axis.get_y(), axis.get_z()); gl_get_float_v(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, OM); } gl_pop_matrix(); move(); } void move() { vector3<float> to_target = target - get_position(); to_target.normalize(); position += (get_forward() * speed); } The logic is simple, I find the rotation axis by cross product, the angle to rotate by dot product, then turn toward the target position each update. Unfortunately, it looks extremely odds since the rotation happens too fast that it always turns back and forth. The forward vector for torpedo is from the ModelView matrix, the third column A: MODELVIEW MATRIX -------------------------------------------------- R U A T -------------------------------------------------- 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------- Any suggestion or idea would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Outstanding SQL Saturday

    - by merrillaldrich
    I had the privilege to attend the SQL Saturday held in Redmond today, and it was really outstanding. Among the many sessions, I especially enjoyed and took a lot of useful information away from Greg Larsen’s Dynamic Management Views session, Kalen Delaney’s Compression Session – I am planning to implement 2008 Enterprise compression on my company’s data warehouse later this year – Remus Rusanu’s session on Service Broker to process NAP data, and Matt Masson’s presentation on high performance SSIS...(read more)

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  • Le prix Turing pour un chercheur de légende, Google et Intel applaudissent ce « Nobel de l'informati

    Un chercheur légendaire reçoit le prix Turing Google et Intel applaudissent ce "Nobel de l'informatique" remis à un employé de Microsoft Qui a inventé la métaphore du "bureau" d'un PC ? Qui a introduit le premier la notion d'interface graphique pour le dit bureau ? Qui a créé la première barre des taches ? Qui, en somme, a inventé le "prototype des ordinateurs personnels de réseau" ? Un seul et même homme : Chuck Thacker. Pour tous ses travaux précurseurs qui ont façonné ce que sont les ordinateurs d'aujourd'hui, la ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) vient de lui décerner le prestigieux Prix Turing, équivalent du Prix Nobel dans l...

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  • História de Sucesso

    - by Wesley Faria
    ? Neste mês o processador SPARC completa 25 anos, tudo começou  em 1992 quando a Sun lançou o primeiro servidor high-end SPARC. Hoje a família de processadores SPARC é usada nos servidores enterprise da Oracle criando uma arquitetura otimizada para obter o máximo de performance em todo tipo de aplicação, desde CRM, ERP até o Java/Web. Veja a tragetória de Glória do SPARC no link: http://www.oracle-downloads.com/sparc25info/ Parabéns por essa tragetória de sucesso e vida longa ao SPARC !!!!!

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  • Max Trinidad Sells PowerShell on the Puerto Rican Seashore

    - by SQLBeat
      In this episode, Max Trinidad, Powershell MVP lets me bait him into predicting the future of computing and helps me understand a thing or two about cultural misconceptions around locked men’s restrooms at busy cantinas. We are in beautiful Puerto Rico for this podcast and in honor of that, I try my hand at Espanol. I know as much Spanish as I do BizTalk Server and it shows, embarrassingly so.  Max is always happy but I make him cry on this one and I feel really horrible about it. I promise. It is my function. CLICK BELOW TO LISTEN >>>>>>>CLICK HERE TO LISTEN >>>>>>>>>> CLICK ABOVE TO SHARPEN YOUR CLAYMORE

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  • How do I properly use multithreading with Nvidia PhysX?

    - by xcrypt
    I'm having a multithreading problem with Nvidia PhysX. the SDK requires that you call Simulate() (starts computing new physics positions within a new thread) and FetchResults() (waits 'till the physics computations are done). Inbetween Simulate() and FetchResults() you may not "compute new physics". It is proposed (in a sample) that we create a game loop as such: Logic (you may calculate physics here and other stuff) Render + Simulate() at start of Render call and FetchResults at end of Render() call However, this has given me various little errors that stack up: since you actually render the scene that was computed in the previous iteration in the game loop. Does anyone have a solution to this?

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  • Announcing Solaris Technical Track at NLUUG Spring Conference on Operating Systems

    - by user9135656
    The Netherlands Unix Users Group (NLUUG) is hosting a full-day technical Solaris track during its spring 2012 conference. The official announcement page, including registration information can be found at the conference page.This year, the NLUUG spring conference focuses on the base of every computing platform; the Operating System. Hot topics like Cloud Computing and Virtualization; the massive adoption of mobile devices that have their special needs in the OS they run but that at the same time put the challenge of massive scalability onto the internet; the upspring of multi-core and multi-threaded chips..., all these developments cause the Operating System to still be a very interesting area where all kinds of innovations have taken and are taking place.The conference will focus specifically on: Linux, BSD Unix, AIX, Windows and Solaris. The keynote speech will be delivered by John 'maddog' Hall, infamous promotor and supporter of UNIX-based Operating Systems. He will talk the audience through several decades of Operating Systems developments, and share many stories untold so far. To make the conference even more interesting, a variety of talks is offered in 5 parallel tracks, covering new developments in and  also collaboration  between Linux, the BSD's, AIX, Solaris and Windows. The full-day Solaris technical track covers all innovations that have been delivered in Oracle Solaris 11. Deeply technically-skilled presenters will talk on a variety of topics. Each topic will first be introduced at a basic level, enabling visitors to attend to the presentations individually. Attending to the full day will give the audience a comprehensive overview as well as more in-depth understanding of the most important new features in Solaris 11.NLUUG Spring Conference details:* Date and time:        When : April 11 2012        Start: 09:15 (doors open: 8:30)        End  : 17:00, (drinks and snacks served afterwards)* Venue:        Nieuwegein Business Center        Blokhoeve 1             3438 LC Nieuwegein              The Nederlands          Tel     : +31 (0)30 - 602 69 00        Fax     : +31 (0)30 - 602 69 01        Email   : [email protected]        Route   : description - (PDF, Dutch only)* Conference abstracts and speaker info can be found here.* Agenda for the Solaris track: Note: talks will be in English unless marked with 'NL'.1.      Insights to Solaris 11         Joerg Moellenkamp - Solaris Technical Specialist         Oracle Germany2.      Lifecycle management with Oracle Solaris 11         Detlef Drewanz - Solaris Technical Specialist         Oracle Germany3.      Solaris 11 Networking - Crossbow Project        Andrew Gabriel - Solaris Technical Specialist        Oracle UK4.      ZFS: Data Integrity and Security         Darren Moffat - Senior Principal Engineer, Solaris Engineering         Oracle UK5.      Solaris 11 Zones and Immutable Zones (NL)         Casper Dik - Senior Staff Engineer, Software Platforms         Oracle NL6.      Experiencing Solaris 11 (NL)         Patrick Ale - UNIX Technical Specialist         UPC Broadband, NLTalks are 45 minutes each.There will be a "Solaris Meeting point" during the conference where people can meet-up, chat with the speakers and with fellow Solaris enthousiasts, and where live demos or other hands-on experiences can be shared.The official announcement page, including registration information can be found at the conference page on the NLUUG website. This site also has a complete list of all abstracts for all talks.Please register on the NLUUG website.

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  • Microsoft : "Nous allons renouveler l'intégralité de notre gamme serveurs", entretien autour de SQL Server 2012

    [IMG]http://ftp-developpez.com/gordon-fowler/SQLServer2012.png[/IMG] Microsoft se montre très ambitieux pour SQL Server 2012 et sa Division Serveur et Plateforme. TCO très agressifs, simplification des licences, Big Data, BI, Clouds Privés, intégration de Hadoop, démocratisation de Azure, les sujets à aborder ne manquaient pas. Entretien avec Jérôme Trédan, Directeur des Produits Serveurs et Plateformes de Cloud Computing, Microsoft FranceDeveloppez.com : Pouvez-vous nous resituer la Division Serveur et Plateforme de Microsoft en quelques chiffres ? Jérôme Trédan : Cette branche de Microsoft regroupe trois grandes familles de produits : les technologies pour la réalisation de Cloud privés ...

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  • JavaOne San Francisco 2013 Content Catalog Live!

    - by Yolande Poirier
    There will be over 500 technical sessions, BOFs, tutorials, and hands-on labs offered. Note that "Securing Java" is a new track this year. The tracks are:  Client and Embedded Development with JavaFX Core Java Platform Edge Computing with Java in Embedded, Smart Card, and IoT Applications Emerging Languages on the Java Virtual Machine Securing Java Java Development Tools and Techniques Java EE Web Profile and Platform Technologies Java Web Services and the Cloud In the Content Catalog you can search on tracks, session types, session categories, keywords, and tags. Or, you can search for your favorite speakers to see what they’re presenting this year. And, directly from the catalog, you can share sessions you’re interested in with friends and colleagues through a broad array of social media channels. Start checking out JavaOne content now to plan your week at the conference. Then, you’ll be ready to sign up for all of your sessions when the scheduling tool goes live.

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  • Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 6

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Discuss the physical characteristics of magnetic disks Describe how data is organized and accessed on a magnetic disk Discuss the parameters that play a role in the performance of magnetic disks Describe different optical memory devices Magnetic Disk The way data is stored on and retried from magnetic disks Data is recorded on and later retrieved form the disk via a conducting coil named the head (in many systems there are two heads) The writ mechanism exploits the fact that electricity flowing through a coil produces a magnetic field. Electric pulses are sent to the write head, and the resulting magnetic patterns are recorded on the surface below with different patterns for positive and negative currents The physical characteristics of a magnetic disk   Summarize from book   The factors that play a role in the performance of a disk Seek time – the time it takes to position the head at the track Rotational delay / latency – the time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head Access time – the sum of the seek time and rotational delay Transfer time – the time it takes to transfer data RAID The rate of improvement in secondary storage performance has been considerably less than the rate for processors and main memory. Thus secondary storage has become a bit of a bottleneck. RAID works on the concept that if one disk can be pushed so far, additional gains in performance are to be had by using multiple parallel components. Points to note about RAID… RAID is a set of physical disk drives viewed by the operating system as a single logical drive Data is distributed across the physical drives of an array in a scheme known as striping Redundant disk capacity is used to store parity information, which guarantees data recoverability in case of a disk failure (not supported by RAID 0 or RAID 1) Interesting to note that the increase in the number of drives, increases the probability of failure. To compensate for this decreased reliability RAID makes use of stored parity information that enables the recovery of data lost due to a disk failure.   The RAID scheme consists of 7 levels…   Category Level Description Disks Required Data Availability Large I/O Data Transfer Capacity Small I/O Request Rate Striping 0 Non Redundant N Lower than single disk Very high Very high for both read and write Mirroring 1 Mirrored 2N Higher than RAID 2 – 5 but lower than RAID 6 Higher than single disk Up to twice that of a signle disk for read Parallel Access 2 Redundant via Hamming Code N + m Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Parallel Access 3 Bit interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Independent Access 4 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Independent Access 5 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, generally  lower than single disk for write Independent Access 6 Block interleaved parity N + 2 Highest of all listed alternatives Similar to RAID 0 for read; lower than RAID 5 for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than RAID 5  for write   Read page 215 – 221 for detailed explanation on RAID levels Optical Memory There are a variety of optical-disk systems available. Read through the table on page 222 – 223 Some of the devices include… CD CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD DVD-R DVD-RW Blue-Ray DVD Magnetic Tape Most modern systems use serial recording – data is lade out as a sequence of bits along each track. The typical recording used in serial is referred to as serpentine recording. In this technique when data is being recorded, the first set of bits is recorded along the whole length of the tape. When the end of the tape is reached the heads are repostioned to record a new track, and the tape is again recorded on its whole length, this time in the opposite direction. That process continued back and forth until the tape is full. To increase speed, the read-write head is capable of reading and writing a number of adjacent tracks simultaneously. Data is still recorded serially along individual tracks, but blocks in sequence are stored on adjacent tracks as suggested. A tape drive is a sequential access device. Magnetic tape was the first kind of secondary memory. It is still widely used as the lowest-cost, slowest speed member of the memory hierarchy.

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