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  • How to configure OpenVPN server to use custom default gateway?

    - by Arenim
    I have a vpn server at address 10.1.0.2 and the server have another ip in it's network -- 10.0.0.2 in his subnet (it's a tun2socks router). But default server's gateway is NOT 10.0.0.2 (and it's ok) but another external IP. I want all the client's traffic to be forwarded through this ip address -- 10.0.0.2. Here is part of my server's config: dev tap0 server-bridge 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.0.50 10.1.0.100 push "route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0" ; now client can ping 10.0.0.2 push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 10.1.0.1" push "dhcp-option WINS 10.1.0.1" in fact i want some like push "redirect-gateway 10.0.0.2" How can I achieve this?

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  • How do I use runit to manage my custom made node.js service?

    - by apphacker
    My service is very basic, just an HTTP service. I just want it to restart automatically when it quits because of an error. I figured I could use runit to do this, but it seems like the runit docs mostly talk about how to convert your entire init.d to runit. I want to preserve init.d and just use runit for my one service. I was looking at these docs. Thanks. EDIT: I think this is pointing in the right direction, I guess I just need to know how to make a service now.

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  • Apache Virtualhosts with PHP and custom logs - how to isolate PHP errors?

    - by Repox
    I'm trying to setup a simple hosting enviroment for my application on an Ubuntu server. I created a virtualhost like this: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.example.com ServerAlias example.com DocumentRoot /home/owner/example.com/docs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /home/owner/example.com/docs/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /home/owner/example.com/logs/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /home/owner/example.com/logs/access.log combined php_flag log_errors on php_value error_log /home/owner/example.com/logs/php-error.log </VirtualHost> Now, my problem is that PHP errors and warnings are thrown in the error.log - not the php-error.log as I was hoping. How can achieve this?

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  • What if any free video player for windows can I set a custom frame buffer for streaming over the wifi?

    - by user268883
    I currently use DAUM PLayer (Pot Player) but I have problems streaming video to my laptop unless it is plugged into the network. An easy fix (so I thought) would be to find a player were I could adjust the cache / buffer so say 5 mins+ is read to the local Hdrive and then played from there... I can not work out how to do this in any player I have VLC, MPCHC and DAUM installed. All I want to do is increase the file buffer so X amount of the networkfile is copied to the local drive and then played... so all stuttering is stopped? How do I do this?

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  • What will be the OOP approach? (or YOUR approach?)

    - by hsmit
    I'm having difficulties with some general OOP & Java approach. There are various ways to let classes/objects communicate with each other. To give a simple example: I need object A to perform action X. Object A needs P, Q and R to perform this action X. Will then Object A retrieve P, Q and R by itself (within action X), or must these values be parameters for action X?

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  • Is there a way to create a custom installer package to do batch installs of a bunch of programs at o

    - by user37860
    Basically I want to create a file which will automatically install a bunch of files without having to manually install each of them (i.e. Flash, Adobe Reader, MS Office, etc.). I'm guessing the easiest way to do this would be to create a batch file but I don't have much experience with the scripting side of things. I remember seeing a website at one point that would do this sort of thing for you but I'm not sure if that could be used offline or not. Thanks in advance...just looking to make things a bit more streamlined on new builds without the costs associated with imaging software. Thanks!

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  • MapsActivity not beeing found

    - by Johnny Rottenweed
    I am trying to get a simple map displayed. This is what I have: package com.chance.squat; import com.chance.squat.R; import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity; import android.os.Bundle; public class Maps extends MapActivity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.maps); } @Override protected boolean isRouteDisplayed() { return false; } } <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <com.google.android.maps.MapView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mapview" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:clickable="true" android:apiKey="A2:D9:A5:1C:21:6F:D7:44:47:23:31:EC:1A:98:EF:36" /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.chance.squat" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/CustomTheme"> <uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps"/> <activity android:name=".MyApp" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.chance.squat.Search" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.chance.squat.Add" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.chance.squat.About" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> </manifest> I also have downloaded the Google APIs for version 8 and have set to build against them. My problem is it doesn't seem to find import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity and I don't know why or what the next step is. Can anyone help?

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  • rb plugin the hot key not working

    - by Bunny Rabbit
    def activate(self,shell): self.shell = shell self.action = gtk.Action ('foo','bar','baz',None) self.activate_id = self.action.connect ('activate', self.call_bk_fn,self.shell) self.action_group = gtk.ActionGroup ('hot_key_action_group') self.action_group.add_action_with_accel (self.action, "<control>E") uim = shell.get_ui_manager () uim.insert_action_group (self.action_group, 0) uim.ensure_update () def call_bk_fn(self,shell): print('hello world') i am using the above code in a plugin for rhythmbox ,and here i am trying to register the key ctr+e so that the call_bk_fn gets called whenever the key combination is pressed , but its not working why is that so ?

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  • Is it posible with ajax to send one json-array (array with json objects) and also include a separate parameter to receive in MVC action method?

    - by david2342
    Is it posible with ajax to send one json-array (array with json objects) and also include a separate parameter to receive in MVC action method? var n = { number: 1 }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: url, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "html", data: JSON.stringify({jsonObjects:json, number:n}), success: function (response) { $('#body').html(response) } } }); public ActionResult Create(List jsonObjects, int? number) JsonObjects is comming in like it supposed to but number is null.

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  • Require users to complete profile following successful authentication.

    - by cc1001
    I'm developing a standalone custom registry, custom login portlet, and custom profile portlet for Websphere Portal 6.1. Some existing users have not completed one or more required fields in their profiles. The next time these users log in successfully, how can I get the portal to redirect them to the custom profile portlet before giving them access to the rest of the site?

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  • Boot custom linux up by pressing Lenovo OKR button?

    - by Semmu
    I have a Lenovo Y510p laptop and I'm a Linux user, use Windows only for gaming. The device had no OS when I bought it and I also installed an SSD besides the 1TB hard drive. I would like to "hack" the One-Key-Recovery button, because I have no interest in its default behaviour (I don't need Windows recovery), but if I could boot up a hidden, fail-safe Linux with it, that would be great. How could I achieve it? I tried to search what the button does, but I only found some installers for Windows that could magically create a partition for the recovery. I would like to override this behaviour completely to boot up something else.

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  • How dinamically set validation attributes to a Model MVC 2?

    - by Tar
    Lets says I have the following model public class Person { [NameIsValid] public string Name { get; set;} public string LastName { get; set; } } I created a custom attribute NameIsValid for this model. Lets says for ViewA I need the custom attribute validation in the model, but for ViewB I dont need this custom validation attribute, how can I dinamically set or remove the custom attribute from the model when need it? Thanks!

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  • Struts2 linking actions

    - by SonOfTheEARTh
    I am working on the Login module of my Struts2 app. I have created the Login Page, and a home Page(which is rendered by Login.action). Now i want to add another feature, forgot password which after performing its business must call the Login.action so that the user need not have to Login explicitly. what should i code and where so that as soon as the ForgotPassword.action finishes its work it passes control to Login.action.

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  • Android: Custom ListAdapter extending BaseAdapter crashes on application launch.

    - by Danny
    Data being pulled from a local DB, then mapped using a cursor. Custom Adapter displays data similar to a ListView. As items are added/deleted from the DB, the adapter is supposed to refresh. The solution attempted below crashes the application at launch. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance, -D @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View v = convertView; ViewGroup p = parent; if (v == null) { LayoutInflater vi = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); v = vi.inflate(R.layout.items_row, p); } int size = mAdapter.getCount(); Log.d(TAG, "position " + position + " Size " + size); if(size != 0){ if(position < size) return mAdapter.getView(position, v, p); Log.d(TAG, "-position " + position + " Size " + size); } return null; } Errors: 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: addView(View, LayoutParams) is not supported in AdapterView 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.AdapterView.addView(AdapterView.java:461) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:415) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:320) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:276) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at com.xyz.abc.CustomSeparatedListAdapter.getView(CustomSeparatedListAdapter.java:90) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:1273) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.ListView.makeAndAddView(ListView.java:1658) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.ListView.fillDown(ListView.java:637) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.ListView.fillFromTop(ListView.java:694) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.ListView.layoutChildren(ListView.java:1516) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.AbsListView.onLayout(AbsListView.java:1112) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1119) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutVertical(LinearLayout.java:998) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:918) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.View.layout(View.java:6569) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.ViewRoot.performTraversals(ViewRoot.java:979) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.view.ViewRoot.handleMessage(ViewRoot.java:1613) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4203) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:791) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:549) 03-23 00:14:10.392: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(718): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

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  • How do I make a custom delegate protocol for a UIView subclass?

    - by timothy5216
    I'm making some tabs and I want to have my own delegate for them but when I try to send an action to the delegate nothing happens. I also tried following this tutorial: link text But it doesn't work for me :( Here is my code: TiMTabBar.h @protocol TiMTabBarDelegate; @interface TiMTabBar : UIView { id<TiMTabBarDelegate> __delegate; ... int selectedItem; ... } //- (id)init; - (id)initWithDelegate:(id)aDelegate; - (void)setSelectedIndex:(int)item; .. @property (nonatomic) int selectedItem; @property(assign) id <TiMTabBarDelegate> __delegate; .. ... @end @protocol TiMTabBarDelegate<NSObject> //@optional - (void)tabBar:(TiMTabBar *)_tabBar didSelectIndex:(int)index; @end TiMTabBar.m: #import "TiMTabBar.h" ... @interface NSObject (TiMTabBarDelegate) - (void)tabBar:(TiMTabBar *)_tabBar didSelectIndex:(int)index; @end @implementation TiMTabBar @synthesize selectedItem; @synthesize __delegate; ... /* - (id)init { ... return self; } */ - (id)initWithDelegate:(id)aDelegate; { //[super init]; __delegate = aDelegate; return self; } - (void)awakeFromNib { //[self init]; //[self initWithDelegate:self]; ... } - (void)setSelectedIndex:(int)item { selectedItem = item; if (self.__delegate != NULL && [self.__delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(tabBar:didSelectIndex:)]) { [__delegate tabBar:self didSelectIndex:selectedItem]; } ... if (item == 0) { ... } else if (item == 1) { ... } else if (item == 2) { ... } else if (item == 3) { ... } else if (item == 4) { ... } else { ... } } /* - (void)tabBar:(TiMTabBar *)_tabBar didSelectIndex:(int)index; { //[delegate tabBar:self didSelectIndex:index]; //if (self.delegate != NULL && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(tabBar:didSelectIndex:)]) { //[delegate tabBar:self didSelectIndex:selectedItem]; //} NSLog(@"tabBarDelegate: %d",index); } */ @end The delegate only works works inside itself and not in any other files like: @interface XXXController : UIViewController <TiMTabBarDelegate> { ... ... IBOutlet TiMTabBar *tabBar; ... } ... @end XXXController.m: #import "XXXController.h" #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> @implementation XXXController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; [self becomeFirstResponder]; ... tabBar = [[TiMTabBar alloc] initWithDelegate:self]; //tabBar.__delegate = self; ... } #pragma mark TiMTabBar Stuff - (void)tabBar:(TiMTabBar *)_tabBar didSelectIndex:(int)index; { NSLog(@"Controller/tabBarDelegate: %d",index); } @end None of this seems to work in XXXController. Anyone know how to make this work?

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  • Custom Geo Tagging. Name to position and position to name

    - by Toni Michel Caubet
    Hello there i am implementing a custom geo tagging system, ok Array where i store the cordenades of each place /* ******Opciones del etiquetado del mapa*** */ var TagSpeed = 800; //el tiempo de la animacion var animate = true; //false = fadeIn / true = animate var paises = { "isora": { leftX: '275', topY: '60', name: 'Gran Melia Palacio de Isora' }, "pepe": { leftX: '275', topY: '60', name: 'Gran Melia de Don Pepe' }, "australia": { leftX: '565', topY: '220', name: 'Gran Melia Uluru' }, "otro": { // ejemplo leftX: '565', // cordenada x topY: '220', // cordenada y name: 'soy otro' // nombre a mostrar } /* <==> <span class="otro mPointer">isora</span> */ } /**/ this is how i check with js function escucharMapa(){ /*fOpciones*/ $('.mPointer').bind('mouseover',function(){ var clase = $(this).attr('class').replace(" mPointer", ""); var left_ = paises[clase].leftX; var top_ = paises[clase].topY; var name_ = paises[clase].name; $('.arrow .text').html(name_); /*Esta linea centra la etiqueta del hotel con la flecha. Si cambia el tamaño de fuente o la typo, habrá que cambiar el 3.3*/ $('.arrow .text').css({'marginLeft':'-'+$('.arrow .text').html().length*3.3+'px'}); $('.arrow').css({top:'-60px',left:left_+'px'}); if(animate) $('.arrow').show().stop().animate({'top':top_},TagSpeed,'easeInOutBack'); else $('.arrow').css({'top':top_+'px'}).fadeIn(500); }); $('.mPointer').bind('mouseleave',function(){ if(animate) $('.arrow').stop().animate({'top':'0px'},100,function(){ $('.arrow').hide() }); else $('.arrow').hide(); }); } /*Inicio gestion geoEtiquetado*/ $(document).ready(function(){ escucharMapa(); }); HTML <div style="float:left;height:500px;"> <div class="map"> <div class="arrow"> <div class="text"></div> <img src="img/flecha.png"/> </div> <!--mapa--> <img src="http://www.freepik.es/foto-gratis/mapa-del-mundo_17-903095345.jpg" id="img1"/> <br/> <br/> <span class="isora mPointer">isora</span> <span class="pepe mPointer">Pepe</span> <span class="australia mPointer">Australia</span> </div> </div> OK so you have vew items and when you hover one, it gets the classname, it checks the cordinades in the object and displays a cursor in those cordinades of the image, right? ok so how can i do the opposite? lets say if user hovers +-30px error margin (top and left) an area in the map the item is highlighted??? i was considering -on map image mouse over - get the offset of the mouse - if is in the margin error area -show else -no show But that does not look really efficient as long as it would have to caculate each pixel movement, no?

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  • How to configure custom binding to consume this WS secure Webservice using WCF?

    - by Soeteman
    Hello all, I'm trying to configure a WCF client to be able to consume a webservice that returns the following response message: Response message <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ns0="http://myservice.wsdl"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" env:mustUnderstand="1" /> </env:Header> <env:Body> <ns0:StatusResponse> <result> ... </result> </ns0:StatusResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope> To do this, I've constructed a custom binding (which doesn't work). I keep getting a "Security header is empty" message. My binding: <customBinding> <binding name="myCustomBindingForVestaServices"> <security authenticationMode="UserNameOverTransport" messageSecurityVersion="WSSecurity11WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11" securityHeaderLayout="Strict" includeTimestamp="false" requireDerivedKeys="true"> </security> <textMessageEncoding messageVersion="Soap11" /> <httpsTransport authenticationScheme="Negotiate" requireClientCertificate ="false" realm =""/> </binding> </customBinding> My request seems to be using the same SOAP and WS Security versions as the response, but use different namespace prefixes ("o" instead of "wsse"). Could this be the reason why I keep getting the "Security header is empty" message? Request message <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:u="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd"> <s:Header> <o:Security s:mustUnderstand="1" xmlns:o="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd"> <o:UsernameToken u:Id="uuid-d3b70d1f-0ebb-4a79-85e6-34f0d6aa3d0f-1"> <o:Username>user</o:Username> <o:Password>pass</o:Password> </o:UsernameToken> </o:Security> </s:Header> <s:Body> <getPrdStatus xmlns="http://myservice.wsdl"> <request xmlns="" xmlns:a="http://myservice.wsdl" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> ... </request> </getPrdStatus> </s:Body> </s:Envelope> How do I need to configure my WCF client binding to be able to consume this webservice? Any help greatly appreciated! Sander

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  • Why does my TextBox with custom control template not have a visible text cursor?

    - by Philipp Schmid
    I have a custom control template which is set via the style property on a TextBox. The visual poperties are set correctly, even typing to the textbox works, but there is no insertion cursor (the | symbol) visible which makes editing challenging for our users. How does the control template need changing to get the traditional TextBox behavior back? <Style x:Key="DemandEditStyle" TargetType="TextBox"> <EventSetter Event="LostFocus" Handler="DemandLostFocus" /> <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Stretch" /> <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Stretch" /> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate> <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="1" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="1" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1"> <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0" /> <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.15" /> <GradientStop Color="#EEE" Offset="1" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Grid.Background> <Border Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Background="Black" /> <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Grid.RowSpan="2" Background="Black" /> <Grid Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Margin="2"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="1" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="1" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="1" /> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="1" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" Background="Black" /> <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="3" Background="Black" /> <Border Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" Background="#CCC" /> <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2" Grid.RowSpan="3" Background="#CCC" /> <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" TextAlignment="Right" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Padding="3 0 3 0" Background="Yellow" Text="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=Text}" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type Grid}, AncestorLevel=1}, Path=ActualWidth}" /> </Grid> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> Update: Replacing the inner-most TextBox with a ScrollViewer and naming it PART_ContentHost indeed shows the text insertion cursor. Trying to right-align the text in the TextBox by either setting the HorizontalContentAlignment in the Style or as a property on the ScrollViewer were unsuccessful. Suggestions?

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  • How to allow bind in app armor?

    - by WitchCraft
    Question: I did setup bind9 as described here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=12149576#post12149576 Now I have a little problem with apparmor: If I switch it off, it works. If apparmor runs, it doesn't work, and I get the following dmesg output: [ 23.809767] type=1400 audit(1344097913.519:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=1540 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.811537] type=1400 audit(1344097913.519:12): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=1540 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.812514] type=1400 audit(1344097913.523:13): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=1540 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.821999] type=1400 audit(1344097913.531:14): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=1544 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.845085] type=1400 audit(1344097913.555:15): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=1543 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.849051] type=1400 audit(1344097913.559:16): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=1545 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.849509] type=1400 audit(1344097913.559:17): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=1542 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 23.851597] type=1400 audit(1344097913.559:18): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=1547 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 24.415193] type=1400 audit(1344097914.123:19): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=1625 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 24.738631] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 25.005242] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) [ 25.187939] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): virbr0: link is not ready [ 26.004282] Ebtables v2.0 registered [ 26.068783] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 28.158848] postgres (1900): /proc/1900/oom_adj is deprecated, please use /proc/1900/oom_score_adj instead. [ 29.840079] xenbr0: no IPv6 routers present [ 31.502916] type=1400 audit(1344097919.088:20): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=1984 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=1989 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 34.336141] xenbr0: port 1(eth0) entering forwarding state [ 38.424359] Event-channel device installed. [ 38.853077] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 38.854215] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 38.855231] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 38.858891] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 47.411497] device vif1.0 entered promiscuous mode [ 47.429245] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): vif1.0: link is not ready [ 49.366219] virbr0: port 1(vif1.0) entering disabled state [ 49.366705] virbr0: port 1(vif1.0) entering disabled state [ 49.368873] virbr0: mixed no checksumming and other settings. [ 97.273028] type=1400 audit(1344097984.861:21): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3076 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3078 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 277.790627] type=1400 audit(1344098165.377:22): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3384 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3389 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 287.812986] type=1400 audit(1344098175.401:23): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/root/tmp-gjnX0c0dDa" pid=3400 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 287.818466] type=1400 audit(1344098175.405:24): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/root/tmp-CpOtH52qU5" pid=3400 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 323.166228] type=1400 audit(1344098210.753:25): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3422 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3427 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 386.512586] type=1400 audit(1344098274.101:26): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3456 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3459 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 808.549049] type=1400 audit(1344098696.137:27): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3872 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3877 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 894.671081] type=1400 audit(1344098782.257:28): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3922 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3927 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 968.514669] type=1400 audit(1344098856.101:29): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3978 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=3983 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1021.814582] type=1400 audit(1344098909.401:30): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4010 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4012 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1063.856633] type=1400 audit(1344098951.445:31): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4041 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4043 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1085.404001] type=1400 audit(1344098972.989:32): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4072 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4077 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1108.207402] type=1400 audit(1344098995.793:33): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4102 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4107 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1156.947189] type=1400 audit(1344099044.533:34): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4134 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4136 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1166.768005] type=1400 audit(1344099054.353:35): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4150 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4155 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1168.873385] type=1400 audit(1344099056.461:36): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4162 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4167 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1181.558946] type=1400 audit(1344099069.145:37): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4177 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4182 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 1199.349265] type=1400 audit(1344099086.937:38): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4191 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4196 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 1296.805604] type=1400 audit(1344099184.393:39): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4232 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4237 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1317.730568] type=1400 audit(1344099205.317:40): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-nuBes0IXwi" pid=4251 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1317.730744] type=1400 audit(1344099205.317:41): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-ZDJA06ZOkU" pid=4252 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1365.072687] type=1400 audit(1344099252.661:42): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-EnsuYUrGOC" pid=4290 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1365.074520] type=1400 audit(1344099252.661:43): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-LVCnpWOStP" pid=4287 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1380.336984] type=1400 audit(1344099267.925:44): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4617 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4622 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1437.924534] type=1400 audit(1344099325.513:45): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-Uyf1dHIZUU" pid=4648 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1437.924626] type=1400 audit(1344099325.513:46): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/tmp-OABXWclII3" pid=4647 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1526.334959] type=1400 audit(1344099413.921:47): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4749 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4754 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 1601.292548] type=1400 audit(1344099488.881:48): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4835 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4840 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 1639.543733] type=1400 audit(1344099527.129:49): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4905 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4907 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1916.381179] type=1400 audit(1344099803.969:50): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4959 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4961 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 1940.816898] type=1400 audit(1344099828.405:51): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=4991 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=4996 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 2043.010898] type=1400 audit(1344099930.597:52): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=5048 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=5053 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=107 ouid=107 [ 2084.956230] type=1400 audit(1344099972.545:53): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/tmp-XYgr33RqUt" pid=5069 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 2084.959120] type=1400 audit(1344099972.545:54): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=3325 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/tmp-vO24RHwL14" pid=5066 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 2088.169500] type=1400 audit(1344099975.757:55): apparmor="DENIED" operation="mknod" parent=5076 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=5078 comm="named" requested_mask="c" denied_mask="c" fsuid=0 ouid=0 [ 2165.625096] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:56): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.625401] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:57): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.625608] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:58): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.625782] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:59): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.625931] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:60): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.626057] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:61): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.626181] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:62): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 2165.626319] type=1400 audit(1344100053.213:63): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=5124 comm="apparmor" [ 3709.583927] type=1400 audit(1344101597.169:64): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=7484 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3709.839895] type=1400 audit(1344101597.425:65): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=7485 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.008892] type=1400 audit(1344101597.597:66): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=7483 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.545232] type=1400 audit(1344101598.133:67): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=7486 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.655600] type=1400 audit(1344101598.241:68): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=7481 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.656013] type=1400 audit(1344101598.241:69): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=7481 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.656786] type=1400 audit(1344101598.245:70): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=7481 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3710.832624] type=1400 audit(1344101598.421:71): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=7488 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3717.573123] type=1400 audit(1344101605.161:72): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" parent=7505 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=7510 comm="named" requested_mask="ac" denied_mask="ac" fsuid=107 ouid=0 [ 3743.667808] type=1400 audit(1344101631.253:73): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.668338] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:74): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.668625] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:75): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.668834] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:76): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.668991] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:77): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.669127] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:78): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.669282] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:79): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3743.669520] type=1400 audit(1344101631.257:80): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=7552 comm="apparmor" [ 3873.572336] type=1400 audit(1344101761.161:81): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=7722 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3873.826209] type=1400 audit(1344101761.413:82): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=7723 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3873.988181] type=1400 audit(1344101761.577:83): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=7721 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3874.520305] type=1400 audit(1344101762.109:84): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=7719 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3874.520736] type=1400 audit(1344101762.109:85): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=7719 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3874.521000] type=1400 audit(1344101762.109:86): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=7719 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3874.528878] type=1400 audit(1344101762.117:87): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=7724 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3874.930712] type=1400 audit(1344101762.517:88): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=7726 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3971.744599] type=1400 audit(1344101859.333:89): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=7899 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.009857] type=1400 audit(1344101859.597:90): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=7900 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.165297] type=1400 audit(1344101859.753:91): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=7898 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.587766] type=1400 audit(1344101860.173:92): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=7901 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.847189] type=1400 audit(1344101860.433:93): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=7896 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.847705] type=1400 audit(1344101860.433:94): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=7896 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3972.848150] type=1400 audit(1344101860.433:95): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=7896 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3973.147889] type=1400 audit(1344101860.733:96): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=7903 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 3988.863999] type=1400 audit(1344101876.449:97): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" parent=7939 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=7944 comm="named" requested_mask="ac" denied_mask="ac" fsuid=107 ouid=0 [ 4025.826132] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:98): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.826627] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:99): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.826861] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:100): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.827059] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:101): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.827214] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:102): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.827352] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:103): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.827485] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:104): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4025.827624] type=1400 audit(1344101913.413:105): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=7975 comm="apparmor" [ 4027.862198] type=1400 audit(1344101915.449:106): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=8090 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4039.500920] audit_printk_skb: 21 callbacks suppressed [ 4039.500932] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:114): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.501413] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:115): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.501672] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:116): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.501861] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:117): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.502033] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:118): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.502170] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:119): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.502305] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:120): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4039.502442] type=1400 audit(1344101927.089:121): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=8114 comm="apparmor" [ 4041.425405] type=1400 audit(1344101929.013:122): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=8240 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4041.425952] type=1400 audit(1344101929.013:123): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=8238 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4058.910390] audit_printk_skb: 18 callbacks suppressed [ 4058.910401] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:130): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.910757] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:131): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.910969] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:132): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.911185] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:133): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/lib/libvirt/virt-aa-helper" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.911335] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:134): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/libvirtd" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.911595] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:135): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.911856] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:136): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/named" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4058.912001] type=1400 audit(1344101946.497:137): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_remove" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=8264 comm="apparmor" [ 4060.266700] type=1400 audit(1344101947.853:138): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=8391 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4060.268356] type=1400 audit(1344101947.857:139): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=8391 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 5909.432749] audit_printk_skb: 18 callbacks suppressed [ 5909.432759] type=1400 audit(1344103797.021:146): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" parent=8800 profile="/usr/sbin/named" name="/var/log/query.log" pid=8805 comm="named" requested_mask="ac" denied_mask="ac" fsuid=107 ouid=0 root@zotac:~# What can I do that it still works and I don't have to disable apparmor ?

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  • Linq 2 SQL using base class and WCF

    - by Gena Verdel
    Hi all. I have the following problem: I'm using L2S for generating entity classes. All these classes share the same property ID which is autonumber. So I figured to put this property to base class and extend all entity classes from the base one. In order to be able to read the value I'm using the override modifier on this property in each and every entity class. Up to now it's live and kicking. Then I decided to introduce another tier - services using WCF approach. I've modified the Serialization mode to Unidirectional (and added the IsReference=true attribute to enable two directions), also added [DataContract] attribute to the BaseObject class. WCF is able to transport the whole object but one property , which is ID. Applying [DataMember] attribute on ID property at the base class resulted in nothing. Am I missing something? Is what I'm trying to achieve possible at all? [DataContract()] abstract public class BaseObject : IIccObject public virtual long ID { get; set; } [Table(Name="dbo.Blocks")] [DataContract(IsReference=true)] public partial class Block : INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifyPropertyChanged { private static PropertyChangingEventArgs emptyChangingEventArgs = new PropertyChangingEventArgs(String.Empty); private long _ID; private int _StatusID; private string _Name; private bool _IsWithControlPoints; private long _DivisionID; private string _SHAPE; private EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation> _BlockByWorkstations; private EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation> _PlanningPointAppropriations; private EntitySet<Neighbor> _Neighbors; private EntitySet<Neighbor> _Neighbors1; private EntitySet<Task> _Tasks; private EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock> _PlanningPointByBlocks; private EntityRef<Division> _Division; private bool serializing; #region Extensibility Method Definitions partial void OnLoaded(); partial void OnValidate(System.Data.Linq.ChangeAction action); partial void OnCreated(); partial void OnIDChanging(long value); partial void OnIDChanged(); partial void OnStatusIDChanging(int value); partial void OnStatusIDChanged(); partial void OnNameChanging(string value); partial void OnNameChanged(); partial void OnIsWithControlPointsChanging(bool value); partial void OnIsWithControlPointsChanged(); partial void OnDivisionIDChanging(long value); partial void OnDivisionIDChanged(); partial void OnSHAPEChanging(string value); partial void OnSHAPEChanged(); #endregion public Block() { this.Initialize(); } [Column(Storage="_ID", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert, DbType="BigInt NOT NULL IDENTITY", IsPrimaryKey=true, IsDbGenerated=true)] [DataMember(Order=1)] public override long ID { get { return this._ID; } set { if ((this._ID != value)) { this.OnIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._ID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("ID"); this.OnIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_StatusID", DbType="Int NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=2)] public int StatusID { get { return this._StatusID; } set { if ((this._StatusID != value)) { this.OnStatusIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._StatusID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("StatusID"); this.OnStatusIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_Name", DbType="NVarChar(255)")] [DataMember(Order=3)] public string Name { get { return this._Name; } set { if ((this._Name != value)) { this.OnNameChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._Name = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("Name"); this.OnNameChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_IsWithControlPoints", DbType="Bit NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=4)] public bool IsWithControlPoints { get { return this._IsWithControlPoints; } set { if ((this._IsWithControlPoints != value)) { this.OnIsWithControlPointsChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._IsWithControlPoints = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("IsWithControlPoints"); this.OnIsWithControlPointsChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_DivisionID", DbType="BigInt NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=5)] public long DivisionID { get { return this._DivisionID; } set { if ((this._DivisionID != value)) { if (this._Division.HasLoadedOrAssignedValue) { throw new System.Data.Linq.ForeignKeyReferenceAlreadyHasValueException(); } this.OnDivisionIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._DivisionID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("DivisionID"); this.OnDivisionIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_SHAPE", DbType="Text", UpdateCheck=UpdateCheck.Never)] [DataMember(Order=6)] public string SHAPE { get { return this._SHAPE; } set { if ((this._SHAPE != value)) { this.OnSHAPEChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._SHAPE = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("SHAPE"); this.OnSHAPEChanged(); } } } [Association(Name="Block_BlockByWorkstation", Storage="_BlockByWorkstations", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=7, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation> BlockByWorkstations { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._BlockByWorkstations.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._BlockByWorkstations; } set { this._BlockByWorkstations.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_PlanningPointAppropriation", Storage="_PlanningPointAppropriations", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="MasterBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=8, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation> PlanningPointAppropriations { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._PlanningPointAppropriations.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._PlanningPointAppropriations; } set { this._PlanningPointAppropriations.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Neighbor", Storage="_Neighbors", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="FirstBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=9, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Neighbor> Neighbors { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Neighbors.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Neighbors; } set { this._Neighbors.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Neighbor1", Storage="_Neighbors1", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="SecondBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=10, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Neighbor> Neighbors1 { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Neighbors1.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Neighbors1; } set { this._Neighbors1.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Task", Storage="_Tasks", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=11, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Task> Tasks { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Tasks.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Tasks; } set { this._Tasks.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_PlanningPointByBlock", Storage="_PlanningPointByBlocks", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=12, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock> PlanningPointByBlocks { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._PlanningPointByBlocks.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._PlanningPointByBlocks; } set { this._PlanningPointByBlocks.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Division_Block", Storage="_Division", ThisKey="DivisionID", OtherKey="ID", IsForeignKey=true, DeleteOnNull=true, DeleteRule="CASCADE")] public Division Division { get { return this._Division.Entity; } set { Division previousValue = this._Division.Entity; if (((previousValue != value) || (this._Division.HasLoadedOrAssignedValue == false))) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); if ((previousValue != null)) { this._Division.Entity = null; previousValue.Blocks.Remove(this); } this._Division.Entity = value; if ((value != null)) { value.Blocks.Add(this); this._DivisionID = value.ID; } else { this._DivisionID = default(long); } this.SendPropertyChanged("Division"); } } } public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging; public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; protected virtual void SendPropertyChanging() { if ((this.PropertyChanging != null)) { this.PropertyChanging(this, emptyChangingEventArgs); } } protected virtual void SendPropertyChanged(String propertyName) { if ((this.PropertyChanged != null)) { this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } } private void attach_BlockByWorkstations(BlockByWorkstation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_BlockByWorkstations(BlockByWorkstation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_PlanningPointAppropriations(PlanningPointAppropriation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_PlanningPointAppropriations(PlanningPointAppropriation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_Neighbors(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.FirstBlock = this; } private void detach_Neighbors(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.FirstBlock = null; } private void attach_Neighbors1(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.SecondBlock = this; } private void detach_Neighbors1(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.SecondBlock = null; } private void attach_Tasks(Task entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_Tasks(Task entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_PlanningPointByBlocks(PlanningPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_PlanningPointByBlocks(PlanningPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void Initialize() { this._BlockByWorkstations = new EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation>(new Action<BlockByWorkstation>(this.attach_BlockByWorkstations), new Action<BlockByWorkstation>(this.detach_BlockByWorkstations)); this._PlanningPointAppropriations = new EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation>(new Action<PlanningPointAppropriation>(this.attach_PlanningPointAppropriations), new Action<PlanningPointAppropriation>(this.detach_PlanningPointAppropriations)); this._Neighbors = new EntitySet<Neighbor>(new Action<Neighbor>(this.attach_Neighbors), new Action<Neighbor>(this.detach_Neighbors)); this._Neighbors1 = new EntitySet<Neighbor>(new Action<Neighbor>(this.attach_Neighbors1), new Action<Neighbor>(this.detach_Neighbors1)); this._Tasks = new EntitySet<Task>(new Action<Task>(this.attach_Tasks), new Action<Task>(this.detach_Tasks)); this._PlanningPointByBlocks = new EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock>(new Action<PlanningPointByBlock>(this.attach_PlanningPointByBlocks), new Action<PlanningPointByBlock>(this.detach_PlanningPointByBlocks)); this._Division = default(EntityRef<Division>); OnCreated(); } [OnDeserializing()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnDeserializing(StreamingContext context) { this.Initialize(); } [OnSerializing()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnSerializing(StreamingContext context) { this.serializing = true; } [OnSerialized()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnSerialized(StreamingContext context) { this.serializing = false; } }

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  • Wordpress add_meta_box() weirdness

    - by Scott B
    The code below is working nearly flawlessly, however my value for page title on one of my pages keeps coming up empty after a few page refreshes... It sticks for awhile, then it appears to reset to empty. I'm thinking I must have a conflict in the code below, but I can't quite figure it. I'm allowing the user to set a custom page title for posts as well as pages via a custom "post/page title input field). Can anyone see an obvious issue here that might be resetting the page title to blank? // =================== // = POST OPTION BOX = // =================== add_action('admin_menu', 'my_post_options_box'); function my_post_options_box() { if ( function_exists('add_meta_box') ) { //add_meta_box( $id, $title, $callback, $page, $context, $priority ); add_meta_box('post_header', 'Custom Post Header Code (optional)', 'custom_post_images', 'post', 'normal', 'low'); add_meta_box('post_title', 'Custom Post Title', 'custom_post_title', 'post', 'normal', 'high'); add_meta_box('post_title_page', 'Custom Post Title', 'custom_post_title', 'page', 'normal', 'high'); add_meta_box('postexcerpt', __('Excerpt'), 'post_excerpt_meta_box', 'page', 'normal', 'core'); add_meta_box('categorydiv', __('Page Options'), 'post_categories_meta_box', 'page', 'side', 'core'); } } //Adds the custom images box function custom_post_images() { global $post; ?> <div class="inside"> <textarea style="height:70px; width:100%;margin-left:-5px;" name="customHeader" id="customHeader"><?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID, 'customHeader', true); ?></textarea> <p>Enter your custom html code here for the post page header/image area. Whatever you enter here will override the default post header or image listing <b>for this post only</b>. You can enter image references like so &lt;img src='wp-content/uploads/product1.jpg' /&gt;. To show default images, just leave this field empty</p> </div> <?php } //Adds the custom post title box function custom_post_title() { global $post; ?> <div class="inside"> <p><input style="height:25px;width:100%;margin-left:-10px;" type="text" name="customTitle" id="customTitle" value="<?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID, 'customTitle', true); ?>"></p> <p>Enter your custom post/page title here and it will be used for the html &lt;title&gt; for this post page and the Google link text used for this page.</p> </div> <?php } add_action('save_post', 'custom_add_save'); function custom_add_save($postID){ // called after a post or page is saved if($parent_id = wp_is_post_revision($postID)) { $postID = $parent_id; } if ($_POST['customHeader']) { update_custom_meta($postID, $_POST['customHeader'], 'customHeader'); } else { update_custom_meta($postID, '', 'customHeader'); } if ($_POST['customTitle']) { update_custom_meta($postID, $_POST['customTitle'], 'customTitle'); } else { update_custom_meta($postID, '', 'customTitle'); } } function update_custom_meta($postID, $newvalue, $field_name) { // To create new meta if(!get_post_meta($postID, $field_name)){ add_post_meta($postID, $field_name, $newvalue); }else{ // or to update existing meta update_post_meta($postID, $field_name, $newvalue); } } ?>

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  • Installing UCMA 3.0 and Creating a Communications Server "14"Trusted Application Pool

    A lot of setup and administration tasks have gotten a lot easier in Communications Server 14; one of them is building an application server to develop and run your UCMA 3.0 applications on. In this post, Ill walk you through installing the UCMA 3.0 Core SDK and creating a Trusted Application Pool on the server, thus adding it to the Communications Server 14 topology and allowing you to host and run UCMA 3.0 applications on it. Note: These instructions will change slightly as the bits get updated for the eventual Beta release I will update this post as soon as I get a chance to run this setup on a more recent build. Im doing the install on a simple Communications Server 14 topology consisting of the following Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V images: DC Domain Controller ExchangeUM Exchange Server 2010 CS-SE Microsoft Communications Server 2010 Standard Edition TS Development machine Ill walk through setting up UCMA 3.0 on the TS VM, which is a fully patched Windows Server 2008 R2 machine that is joined to the Fabrikam domain.   Im also running Visual Studio 2010 on this VM because I intend to use it as a development machine.  In a future post, Ill walk through installing just the UCMA 3.0 run time to build a true production UCMA application server. Im making a couple of assumptions here: You have an existing CS 2010 site and cluster configured(well look at this in a future post) Youre starting with a fully patched Windows Server 2008 R2 machine The machine is joined to your domain This walkthrough was done in my Fabrikam VM environment but can easily be modified for your own environment. Installing the UCMA 3.0 SDK Lets start by installing the UCMA 3.0 SDK.  Run UcmaSdkWebDownload.msi to kick off the SDK installer package extract process. The installed package is extracted to C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft UCMA 3.0 >> SDK Installer Package.  Browse there and run setup.exe. Click Install to install the UCMA 3.0 Core SDK and Workflow SDK. Install Communications Server Core Components UCMA 3.0 introduces a new concept called Auto-provisioning, which is most easily explained from the developer point of view.  Remember what your app.config looked it in UCMA 2.0?  You had to store the application GRUU, the trusted contact SIP Uri, the port for your application, and the name of the certificate authority. Thats all gone with auto-provisioning all you need in your app.config is your ApplicationId, e.g.: urn:application:MyApplication. How does CS 2010 do this? All of the applications configuration data is associated with the applications id.  UCMA also queries a replicated copy of the Central Management Database to retrieve the applications configuration data and also the configuration data for any endpoints. In this step, well run Bootstrapper.exe to install the CS Core components, this checked for the following components and installs them if they are not already present: VcRedist Sqlexpress Sqlnativeclient Sqlbackcompat Ucmaredist OcsCore.msi Open a command window at C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft Communications Server 2010 >> Deployment and run the following command: Bootstrapper.exe /BootstrapReplica /MinCache /SourceDirectory:"%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft UCMA 3.0\SDK Installer Package\Prereq\BootstrapperCache" Create a New Trusted Application Pool The next step is to create a new trusted application pool for the new server.  Fire up the Communications Server Management Shell from Start >> Microsoft Communications Server 2010 >> Communications Server Management Shell and enter the following PowerShell command: New-CsTrustedApplicationPool -Identity <FQDN of Server> -Registrar <FQDN of CS Server> -Site <CS Site Name> Verify that the new server was added to the CS topology by running the following PowerShell command: (Get-CsTopology -AsXml).ToString() > Topology.xml This created a file called Topology.xml in the directory that you ran the command from.  Open the file and find the Clusters section and look for a node for the new server. The Cluster Fqdn is the name of your server, and note the name of the Site that this Cluster is a part of. <Cluster Fqdn="appsrv.fabrikam.com" RequiresReplication="true" RequiresSetup="true"> <ClusterId SiteId="UcMarketing2" Number="5" /> <Machine OrdinalInCluster="1" Fqdn="appsrv.fabrikam.com"> <NetInterface InterfaceSide="Primary" InterfaceNumber="1" IPAddress="0.0.0.0" /> </Machine> </Cluster> Configure CS Management Store Replication At this point, we have the CS Core components installed and the server configured as a trusted application pool.  We now need to set up replication so that the Central Management Store replicates down to the new server. From the Communications Server Management Shell, run the following PowerShell command to enable the Replica service on the new server: Enable-CSReplica The Replica service is enabled, but hasn't done anything yet. This can be verified by running the following PowerShell command to check the replication status for the various servers in the topology: Get-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus You can see in the screenshot below that the UpToDate property of the new server is still False Run the following PowerShell command to force the replication to run: Invoke-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus Run Get-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus again to verify that the new service is now up to date Request and Set a New Certificate The last step in the process is to request a new certificate from the certificate authority on the domain and assign it to the new server. From the Communications Server Management Shell, run the following PowerShell command to request a new certificate: Request-CSCertificate -Action new -Type default -CA <Domain Controller FQDN>\<Certificate Authority> Setting the -Verbose switch on the cmdlet creates an Xml file with its output. Open the Xml file and copy the thumbprint of the generated certificate. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Action Name="Request-CsCertificate" Time="20100512T212258"> <Action Name="Request-CsCertificate" Time="20100512T212258"> <Info Title="Connection" Time="20100512T212258">Data Source=(local)\rtclocal;Initial Catalog=xds;Integrated Security=True</Info> <Action Time="20100512T212258"> <Info Title="Certificate use" Time="20100512T212258">urn:certref:default</Info> <Info Title="Subject distinguished name" Time="20100512T212258">CN="appsrv2.fabrikam.com"</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate request is submitted to the Certification Authority dc.fabrikam.com\FabrikamCA.</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate was issued.</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate was imported with thumbprint AFC3C46E459C1A39AD06247676F3555826DBF705.</Info> <Complete Time="20100512T212259" /> </Action> <Info Title="command status" Time="20100512T212259">Command execution processing completed</Info> <Action Name="DeploymentXdsCmdlet.SaveCachedItems" Time="20100512T212259"> <Info Time="20100512T212259">0 updates</Info> <Complete Time="20100512T212259" /> </Action> <Info Title="command status" Time="20100512T212259">Command has completed</Info> </Action> </Action> Run the following PowerShell command to set the certificate: Set-CsCertificate -Type Default -Thumbprint <Thumbprint> Wrapping Up You now have a new UCMA 3.0 application server in your Communications Server 2010 server topology.  You can provision trusted applications and trusted application endpoints on the new server using the Communications Server 2010 Management Shell.  Well take a look at how to do that in another post. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • ASP.NET MVC ‘Extendable-hooks’ – ControllerActionInvoker class

    - by nmarun
    There’s a class ControllerActionInvoker in ASP.NET MVC. This can be used as one of an hook-points to allow customization of your application. Watching Brad Wilsons’ Advanced MP3 from MVC Conf inspired me to write about this class. What MSDN says: “Represents a class that is responsible for invoking the action methods of a controller.” Well if MSDN says it, I think I can instill a fair amount of confidence into what the class does. But just to get to the details, I also looked into the source code for MVC. Seems like the base class Controller is where an IActionInvoker is initialized: 1: protected virtual IActionInvoker CreateActionInvoker() { 2: return new ControllerActionInvoker(); 3: } In the ControllerActionInvoker (the O-O-B behavior), there are different ‘versions’ of InvokeActionMethod() method that actually call the action method in question and return an instance of type ActionResult. 1: protected virtual ActionResult InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary<string, object> parameters) { 2: object returnValue = actionDescriptor.Execute(controllerContext, parameters); 3: ActionResult result = CreateActionResult(controllerContext, actionDescriptor, returnValue); 4: return result; 5: } I guess that’s enough on the ‘behind-the-screens’ of this class. Let’s see how we can use this class to hook-up extensions. Say I have a requirement that the user should be able to get different renderings of the same output, like html, xml, json, csv and so on. The user will type-in the output format in the url and should the get result accordingly. For example: http://site.com/RenderAs/ – renders the default way (the razor view) http://site.com/RenderAs/xml http://site.com/RenderAs/csv … and so on where RenderAs is my controller. There are many ways of doing this and I’m using a custom ControllerActionInvoker class (even though this might not be the best way to accomplish this). For this, my one and only route in the Global.asax.cs is: 1: routes.MapRoute("RenderAsRoute", "RenderAs/{outputType}", 2: new {controller = "RenderAs", action = "Index", outputType = ""}); Here the controller name is ‘RenderAsController’ and the action that’ll get called (always) is the Index action. The outputType parameter will map to the type of output requested by the user (xml, csv…). I intend to display a list of food items for this example. 1: public class Item 2: { 3: public int Id { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public Cuisine Cuisine { get; set; } 6: } 7:  8: public class Cuisine 9: { 10: public int CuisineId { get; set; } 11: public string Name { get; set; } 12: } Coming to my ‘RenderAsController’ class. I generate an IList<Item> to represent my model. 1: private static IList<Item> GetItems() 2: { 3: Cuisine cuisine = new Cuisine { CuisineId = 1, Name = "Italian" }; 4: Item item = new Item { Id = 1, Name = "Lasagna", Cuisine = cuisine }; 5: IList<Item> items = new List<Item> { item }; 6: item = new Item {Id = 2, Name = "Pasta", Cuisine = cuisine}; 7: items.Add(item); 8: //... 9: return items; 10: } My action method looks like 1: public IList<Item> Index(string outputType) 2: { 3: return GetItems(); 4: } There are two things that stand out in this action method. The first and the most obvious one being that the return type is not of type ActionResult (or one of its derivatives). Instead I’m passing the type of the model itself (IList<Item> in this case). We’ll convert this to some type of an ActionResult in our custom controller action invoker class later. The second thing (a little subtle) is that I’m not doing anything with the outputType value that is passed on to this action method. This value will be in the RouteData dictionary and we’ll use this in our custom invoker class as well. It’s time to hook up our invoker class. First, I’ll override the Initialize() method of my RenderAsController class. 1: protected override void Initialize(RequestContext requestContext) 2: { 3: base.Initialize(requestContext); 4: string outputType = string.Empty; 5:  6: // read the outputType from the RouteData dictionary 7: if (requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"] != null) 8: { 9: outputType = requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"].ToString(); 10: } 11:  12: // my custom invoker class 13: ActionInvoker = new ContentRendererActionInvoker(outputType); 14: } Coming to the main part of the discussion – the ContentRendererActionInvoker class: 1: public class ContentRendererActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: private readonly string _outputType; 4:  5: public ContentRendererActionInvoker(string outputType) 6: { 7: _outputType = outputType.ToLower(); 8: } 9: //... 10: } So the outputType value that was read from the RouteData, which was passed in from the url, is being set here in  a private field. Moving to the crux of this article, I now override the CreateActionResult method. 1: protected override ActionResult CreateActionResult(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, object actionReturnValue) 2: { 3: if (actionReturnValue == null) 4: return new EmptyResult(); 5:  6: ActionResult result = actionReturnValue as ActionResult; 7: if (result != null) 8: return result; 9:  10: // This is where the magic happens 11: // Depending on the value in the _outputType field, 12: // return an appropriate ActionResult 13: switch (_outputType) 14: { 15: case "json": 16: { 17: JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18: string json = serializer.Serialize(actionReturnValue); 19: return new ContentResult { Content = json, ContentType = "application/json" }; 20: } 21: case "xml": 22: { 23: XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(actionReturnValue.GetType()); 24: using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) 25: { 26: serializer.Serialize(writer, actionReturnValue); 27: return new ContentResult { Content = writer.ToString(), ContentType = "text/xml" }; 28: } 29: } 30: case "csv": 31: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=items.csv"); 32: return new ContentResult 33: { 34: Content = ToCsv(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>), 35: ContentType = "application/ms-excel" 36: }; 37: case "pdf": 38: string filePath = controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/items.pdf"); 39: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", 40: "attachment; filename=items.pdf"); 41: ToPdf(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>, filePath); 42: return new FileContentResult(StreamFile(filePath), "application/pdf"); 43:  44: default: 45: controllerContext.Controller.ViewData.Model = actionReturnValue; 46: return new ViewResult 47: { 48: TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData, 49: ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData 50: }; 51: } 52: } A big method there! The hook I was talking about kinda above actually is here. This is where different kinds / formats of output get returned based on the output type requested in the url. When the _outputType is not set (string.Empty as set in the Global.asax.cs file), the razor view gets rendered (lines 45-50). This is the default behavior in most MVC applications where-in a view (webform/razor) gets rendered on the browser. As you see here, this gets returned as a ViewResult. But then, for an outputType of json/xml/csv, a ContentResult gets returned, while for pdf, a FileContentResult is returned. Here are how the different kinds of output look like: This is how we can leverage this feature of ASP.NET MVC to developer a better application. I’ve used the iTextSharp library to convert to a pdf format. Mike gives quite a bit of detail regarding this library here. You can download the sample code here. (You’ll get an option to download once you open the link). Verdict: Hot chocolate: $3; Reebok shoes: $50; Your first car: $3000; Being able to extend a web application: Priceless.

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  • ASP.NET MVC Validation Complete

    - by Ricardo Peres
    OK, so let’s talk about validation. Most people are probably familiar with the out of the box validation attributes that MVC knows about, from the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace, such as EnumDataTypeAttribute, RequiredAttribute, StringLengthAttribute, RangeAttribute, RegularExpressionAttribute and CompareAttribute from the System.Web.Mvc namespace. All of these validators inherit from ValidationAttribute and perform server as well as client-side validation. In order to use them, you must include the JavaScript files MicrosoftMvcValidation.js, jquery.validate.js or jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js, depending on whether you want to use Microsoft’s own library or jQuery. No significant difference exists, but jQuery is more extensible. You can also create your own attribute by inheriting from ValidationAttribute, but, if you want to have client-side behavior, you must also implement IClientValidatable (all of the out of the box validation attributes implement it) and supply your own JavaScript validation function that mimics its server-side counterpart. Of course, you must reference the JavaScript file where the declaration function is. Let’s see an example, validating even numbers. First, the validation attribute: 1: [Serializable] 2: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)] 3: public class IsEvenAttribute : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable 4: { 5: protected override ValidationResult IsValid(Object value, ValidationContext validationContext) 6: { 7: Int32 v = Convert.ToInt32(value); 8:  9: if (v % 2 == 0) 10: { 11: return (ValidationResult.Success); 12: } 13: else 14: { 15: return (new ValidationResult("Value is not even")); 16: } 17: } 18:  19: #region IClientValidatable Members 20:  21: public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context) 22: { 23: yield return (new ModelClientValidationRule() { ValidationType = "iseven", ErrorMessage = "Value is not even" }); 24: } 25:  26: #endregion 27: } The iseven validation function is declared like this in JavaScript, using jQuery validation: 1: jQuery.validator.addMethod('iseven', function (value, element, params) 2: { 3: return (true); 4: return ((parseInt(value) % 2) == 0); 5: }); 6:  7: jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.add('iseven', [], function (options) 8: { 9: options.rules['iseven'] = options.params; 10: options.messages['iseven'] = options.message; 11: }); Do keep in mind that this is a simple example, for example, we are not using parameters, which may be required for some more advanced scenarios. As a side note, if you implement a custom validator that also requires a JavaScript function, you’ll probably want them together. One way to achieve this is by including the JavaScript file as an embedded resource on the same assembly where the custom attribute is declared. You do this by having its Build Action set as Embedded Resource inside Visual Studio: Then you have to declare an attribute at assembly level, perhaps in the AssemblyInfo.cs file: 1: [assembly: WebResource("SomeNamespace.IsEven.js", "text/javascript")] In your views, if you want to include a JavaScript file from an embedded resource you can use this code: 1: public static class UrlExtensions 2: { 3: private static readonly MethodInfo getResourceUrlMethod = typeof(AssemblyResourceLoader).GetMethod("GetWebResourceUrlInternal", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static); 4:  5: public static IHtmlString Resource<TType>(this UrlHelper url, String resourceName) 6: { 7: return (Resource(url, typeof(TType).Assembly.FullName, resourceName)); 8: } 9:  10: public static IHtmlString Resource(this UrlHelper url, String assemblyName, String resourceName) 11: { 12: String resourceUrl = getResourceUrlMethod.Invoke(null, new Object[] { Assembly.Load(assemblyName), resourceName, false, false, null }).ToString(); 13: return (new HtmlString(resourceUrl)); 14: } 15: } And on the view: 1: <script src="<%: this.Url.Resource("SomeAssembly", "SomeNamespace.IsEven.js") %>" type="text/javascript"></script> Then there’s the CustomValidationAttribute. It allows externalizing your validation logic to another class, so you have to tell which type and method to use. The method can be static as well as instance, if it is instance, the class cannot be abstract and must have a public parameterless constructor. It can be applied to a property as well as a class. It does not, however, support client-side validation. Let’s see an example declaration: 1: [CustomValidation(typeof(ProductValidator), "OnValidateName")] 2: public String Name 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } The validation method needs this signature: 1: public static ValidationResult OnValidateName(String name) 2: { 3: if ((String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) == false) && (name.Length <= 50)) 4: { 5: return (ValidationResult.Success); 6: } 7: else 8: { 9: return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The name has an invalid value: {0}", name), new String[] { "Name" })); 10: } 11: } Note that it can be either static or instance and it must return a ValidationResult-derived class. ValidationResult.Success is null, so any non-null value is considered a validation error. The single method argument must match the property type to which the attribute is attached to or the class, in case it is applied to a class: 1: [CustomValidation(typeof(ProductValidator), "OnValidateProduct")] 2: public class Product 3: { 4: } The signature must thus be: 1: public static ValidationResult OnValidateProduct(Product product) 2: { 3: } Continuing with attribute-based validation, another possibility is RemoteAttribute. This allows specifying a controller and an action method just for performing the validation of a property or set of properties. This works in a client-side AJAX way and it can be very useful. Let’s see an example, starting with the attribute declaration and proceeding to the action method implementation: 1: [Remote("Validate", "Validation")] 2: public String Username 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } The controller action method must contain an argument that can be bound to the property: 1: public ActionResult Validate(String username) 2: { 3: return (this.Json(true, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet)); 4: } If in your result JSON object you include a string instead of the true value, it will consider it as an error, and the validation will fail. This string will be displayed as the error message, if you have included it in your view. You can also use the remote validation approach for validating your entire entity, by including all of its properties as included fields in the attribute and having an action method that receives an entity instead of a single property: 1: [Remote("Validate", "Validation", AdditionalFields = "Price")] 2: public String Name 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } 7:  8: public Decimal Price 9: { 10: get; 11: set; 12: } The action method will then be: 1: public ActionResult Validate(Product product) 2: { 3: return (this.Json("Product is not valid", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet)); 4: } Only the property to which the attribute is applied and the additional properties referenced by the AdditionalFields will be populated in the entity instance received by the validation method. The same rule previously stated applies, if you return anything other than true, it will be used as the validation error message for the entity. The remote validation is triggered automatically, but you can also call it explicitly. In the next example, I am causing the full entity validation, see the call to serialize(): 1: function validate() 2: { 3: var form = $('form'); 4: var data = form.serialize(); 5: var url = '<%: this.Url.Action("Validation", "Validate") %>'; 6:  7: var result = $.ajax 8: ( 9: { 10: type: 'POST', 11: url: url, 12: data: data, 13: async: false 14: } 15: ).responseText; 16:  17: if (result) 18: { 19: //error 20: } 21: } Finally, by implementing IValidatableObject, you can implement your validation logic on the object itself, that is, you make it self-validatable. This will only work server-side, that is, the ModelState.IsValid property will be set to false on the controller’s action method if the validation in unsuccessful. Let’s see how to implement it: 1: public class Product : IValidatableObject 2: { 3: public String Name 4: { 5: get; 6: set; 7: } 8:  9: public Decimal Price 10: { 11: get; 12: set; 13: } 14:  15: #region IValidatableObject Members 16: 17: public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext) 18: { 19: if ((String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.Name) == true) || (this.Name.Length > 50)) 20: { 21: yield return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The name has an invalid value: {0}", this.Name), new String[] { "Name" })); 22: } 23: 24: if ((this.Price <= 0) || (this.Price > 100)) 25: { 26: yield return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The price has an invalid value: {0}", this.Price), new String[] { "Price" })); 27: } 28: } 29: 30: #endregion 31: } The errors returned will be matched against the model properties through the MemberNames property of the ValidationResult class and will be displayed in their proper labels, if present on the view. On the controller action method you can check for model validity by looking at ModelState.IsValid and you can get actual error messages and related properties by examining all of the entries in the ModelState dictionary: 1: Dictionary<String, String> errors = new Dictionary<String, String>(); 2:  3: foreach (KeyValuePair<String, ModelState> keyValue in this.ModelState) 4: { 5: String key = keyValue.Key; 6: ModelState modelState = keyValue.Value; 7:  8: foreach (ModelError error in modelState.Errors) 9: { 10: errors[key] = error.ErrorMessage; 11: } 12: } And these are the ways to perform date validation in ASP.NET MVC. Don’t forget to use them!

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  • C#: Handling Notifications: inheritance, events, or delegates?

    - by James Michael Hare
    Often times as developers we have to design a class where we get notification when certain things happen. In older object-oriented code this would often be implemented by overriding methods -- with events, delegates, and interfaces, however, we have far more elegant options. So, when should you use each of these methods and what are their strengths and weaknesses? Now, for the purposes of this article when I say notification, I'm just talking about ways for a class to let a user know that something has occurred. This can be through any programmatic means such as inheritance, events, delegates, etc. So let's build some context. I'm sitting here thinking about a provider neutral messaging layer for the place I work, and I got to the point where I needed to design the message subscriber which will receive messages from the message bus. Basically, what we want is to be able to create a message listener and have it be called whenever a new message arrives. Now, back before the flood we would have done this via inheritance and an abstract class: 1:  2: // using inheritance - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 3: public abstract class MessageListener 4: { 5: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 14: _messageThread.Start(); 15: } 16:  17: // user will override this to process their messages 18: protected abstract void OnMessageReceived(Message msg); 19:  20: // handle the looping in the thread 21: private void MessageLoop() 22: { 23: while(!_isHalted) 24: { 25: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 26: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 27: if(msg != null) 28: { 29: OnMessageReceived(msg); 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: ... 34: } It seems so odd to write this kind of code now. Does it feel odd to you? Maybe it's just because I've gotten so used to delegation that I really don't like the feel of this. To me it is akin to saying that if I want to drive my car I need to derive a new instance of it just to put myself in the driver's seat. And yet, unquestionably, five years ago I would have probably written the code as you see above. To me, inheritance is a flawed approach for notifications due to several reasons: Inheritance is one of the HIGHEST forms of coupling. You can't seal the listener class because it depends on sub-classing to work. Because C# does not allow multiple-inheritance, I've spent my one inheritance implementing this class. Every time you need to listen to a bus, you have to derive a class which leads to lots of trivial sub-classes. The act of consuming a message should be a separate responsibility than the act of listening for a message (SRP). Inheritance is such a strong statement (this IS-A that) that it should only be used in building type hierarchies and not for overriding use-specific behaviors and notifications. Chances are, if a class needs to be inherited to be used, it most likely is not designed as well as it could be in today's modern programming languages. So lets look at the other tools available to us for getting notified instead. Here's a few other choices to consider. Have the listener expose a MessageReceived event. Have the listener accept a new IMessageHandler interface instance. Have the listener accept an Action<Message> delegate. Really, all of these are different forms of delegation. Now, .NET events are a bit heavier than the other types of delegates in terms of run-time execution, but they are a great way to allow others using your class to subscribe to your events: 1: // using event - ommiting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private bool _isHalted = false; 6: private Thread _messageThread; 7:  8: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 9: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 10: { 11: _subscriber = subscriber; 12: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 13: _messageThread.Start(); 14: } 15:  16: // user will override this to process their messages 17: public event Action<Message> MessageReceived; 18:  19: // handle the looping in the thread 20: private void MessageLoop() 21: { 22: while(!_isHalted) 23: { 24: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 25: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 26: if(msg != null && MessageReceived != null) 27: { 28: MessageReceived(msg); 29: } 30: } 31: } 32: } Note, now we can seal the class to avoid changes and the user just needs to provide a message handling method: 1: theListener.MessageReceived += CustomReceiveMethod; However, personally I don't think events hold up as well in this case because events are largely optional. To me, what is the point of a listener if you create one with no event listeners? So in my mind, use events when handling the notification is optional. So how about the delegation via interface? I personally like this method quite a bit. Basically what it does is similar to inheritance method mentioned first, but better because it makes it easy to split the part of the class that doesn't change (the base listener behavior) from the part that does change (the user-specified action after receiving a message). So assuming we had an interface like: 1: public interface IMessageHandler 2: { 3: void OnMessageReceived(Message receivedMessage); 4: } Our listener would look like this: 1: // using delegation via interface - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private IMessageHandler _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler.OnMessageReceived(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } And they would call it by creating a class that implements IMessageHandler and pass that instance into the constructor of the listener. I like that this alleviates the issues of inheritance and essentially forces you to provide a handler (as opposed to events) on construction. Well, this is good, but personally I think we could go one step further. While I like this better than events or inheritance, it still forces you to implement a specific method name. What if that name collides? Furthermore if you have lots of these you end up either with large classes inheriting multiple interfaces to implement one method, or lots of small classes. Also, if you had one class that wanted to manage messages from two different subscribers differently, it wouldn't be able to because the interface can't be overloaded. This brings me to using delegates directly. In general, every time I think about creating an interface for something, and if that interface contains only one method, I start thinking a delegate is a better approach. Now, that said delegates don't accomplish everything an interface can. Obviously having the interface allows you to refer to the classes that implement the interface which can be very handy. In this case, though, really all you want is a method to handle the messages. So let's look at a method delegate: 1: // using delegation via delegate - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } Here the MessageListener now takes an Action<Message>.  For those of you unfamiliar with the pre-defined delegate types in .NET, that is a method with the signature: void SomeMethodName(Message). The great thing about delegates is it gives you a lot of power. You could create an anonymous delegate, a lambda, or specify any other method as long as it satisfies the Action<Message> signature. This way, you don't need to define an arbitrary helper class or name the method a specific thing. Incidentally, we could combine both the interface and delegate approach to allow maximum flexibility. Doing this, the user could either pass in a delegate, or specify a delegate interface: 1: // using delegation - give users choice of interface or delegate 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // passes the interface method as a delegate using method group 19: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 20: : this(subscriber, handler.OnMessageReceived) 21: { 22: } 23:  24: // handle the looping in the thread 25: private void MessageLoop() 26: { 27: while(!_isHalted) 28: { 29: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 30: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 31: if(msg != null) 32: { 33: _handler(msg); 34: } 35: } 36: } 37: } } This is the method I tend to prefer because it allows the user of the class to choose which method works best for them. You may be curious about the actual performance of these different methods. 1: Enter iterations: 2: 1000000 3:  4: Inheritance took 4 ms. 5: Events took 7 ms. 6: Interface delegation took 4 ms. 7: Lambda delegate took 5 ms. Before you get too caught up in the numbers, however, keep in mind that this is performance over over 1,000,000 iterations. Since they are all < 10 ms which boils down to fractions of a micro-second per iteration so really any of them are a fine choice performance wise. As such, I think the choice of what to do really boils down to what you're trying to do. Here's my guidelines: Inheritance should be used only when defining a collection of related types with implementation specific behaviors, it should not be used as a hook for users to add their own functionality. Events should be used when subscription is optional or multi-cast is desired. Interface delegation should be used when you wish to refer to implementing classes by the interface type or if the type requires several methods to be implemented. Delegate method delegation should be used when you only need to provide one method and do not need to refer to implementers by the interface name.

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