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  • Stairway to SQL Dialects Level 3: MySQL

    As part of the LAMP stack, MySQL is incredibly important for providing a reliable and platform-agnostic database platform for web development. This level looks at the syntax of MySQL and how to best port SQL code to a MySQL environment. NEW! The easiest way to deploy .NET codeDeploy ASP.NET applications fast, frequently, and without fuss, using Deployment Manager, the new tool from Red Gate. Try it now.

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  • Check which nodes of Beowulf HPC cluster system are free from PHP app?

    - by Skuja
    I am working on my diploma thesis project. I have access to 32Node Dell poweredge HPC cluster system with Linux(Debian i think) installed on it. My first goal is to create web (PHP) app where logged users could see free and busy nodes, turn them on and off. I am planning to do something like this - write some cron daemon that would run every 30seconds or other interval, and it could run ping utility for each node to find out if it is on or off, then write results to some file. Then from my web app i could read the info. Will it be a good solution? What existing for node management solutions are there?

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  • Algorithm to Find the Aggregate Mass of "Granola Bar"-Like Structures?

    - by Stuart Robbins
    I'm a planetary science researcher and one project I'm working on is N-body simulations of Saturn's rings. The goal of this particular study is to watch as particles clump together under their own self-gravity and measure the aggregate mass of the clumps versus the mean velocity of all particles in the cell. We're trying to figure out if this can explain some observations made by the Cassini spacecraft during the Saturnian summer solstice when large structures were seen casting shadows on the nearly edge-on rings. Below is a screenshot of what any given timestep looks like. (Each particle is 2 m in diameter and the simulation cell itself is around 700 m across.) The code I'm using already spits out the mean velocity at every timestep. What I need to do is figure out a way to determine the mass of particles in the clumps and NOT the stray particles between them. I know every particle's position, mass, size, etc., but I don't know easily that, say, particles 30,000-40,000 along with 102,000-105,000 make up one strand that to the human eye is obvious. So, the algorithm I need to write would need to be a code with as few user-entered parameters as possible (for replicability and objectivity) that would go through all the particle positions, figure out what particles belong to clumps, and then calculate the mass. It would be great if it could do it for "each" clump/strand as opposed to everything over the cell, but I don't think I actually need it to separate them out. The only thing I was thinking of was doing some sort of N2 distance calculation where I'd calculate the distance between every particle and if, say, the closest 100 particles were within a certain distance, then that particle would be considered part of a cluster. But that seems pretty sloppy and I was hoping that you CS folks and programmers might know of a more elegant solution? Edited with My Solution: What I did was to take a sort of nearest-neighbor / cluster approach and do the quick-n-dirty N2 implementation first. So, take every particle, calculate distance to all other particles, and the threshold for in a cluster or not was whether there were N particles within d distance (two parameters that have to be set a priori, unfortunately, but as was said by some responses/comments, I wasn't going to get away with not having some of those). I then sped it up by not sorting distances but simply doing an order N search and increment a counter for the particles within d, and that sped stuff up by a factor of 6. Then I added a "stupid programmer's tree" (because I know next to nothing about tree codes). I divide up the simulation cell into a set number of grids (best results when grid size ˜7 d) where the main grid lines up with the cell, one grid is offset by half in x and y, and the other two are offset by 1/4 in ±x and ±y. The code then divides particles into the grids, then each particle N only has to have distances calculated to the other particles in that cell. Theoretically, if this were a real tree, I should get order N*log(N) as opposed to N2 speeds. I got somewhere between the two, where for a 50,000-particle sub-set I got a 17x increase in speed, and for a 150,000-particle cell, I got a 38x increase in speed. 12 seconds for the first, 53 seconds for the second, 460 seconds for a 500,000-particle cell. Those are comparable speeds to how long the code takes to run the simulation 1 timestep forward, so that's reasonable at this point. Oh -- and it's fully threaded, so it'll take as many processors as I can throw at it.

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  • Virutal Machine loses network connectivity on Hyper V Cluster

    - by Chris W
    We're running a number of VMs on a 6 node failover cluster of blades using Hyper V. We have an intermittent issue (every few days at different times - not a fixed frequency) of VMs losing network connectivity. Console access to the VM suggests all is fine and the underlying blade has normal connectivity. To resolve the problem we either have to re-start the VM or, more usually, we do a live migration to another blade which fires up connectivity and we then migrate it back to the original blade. I've had 3 instances of this happen with a specific VM running on a particular blade however it has happened once with a different VM running on a different blade. All VMs and blades have the same basic setup and are running Windows 2008 R2. Any ideas where I should be looking to diagnose the possible causes of this problem as the event logs provide no help? Edit: I've checked that each blade is running the latest NIC drivers and all seem to be fine. Something that is confusing me - a failover or restart of the VM resolves the issue. Whilst I need to work out the underlying issue that is causing the NICs to hang I'm also concerned that the VM didn't failover to another node which would have solved the outage for me. Is there a way to configure the cluster so that it can tell that the VM guest has lost connectivity and fail it over? As things stand the cluster is assuming that the VM is running happily as I presume Hyper V says everything is great even though there is a problem.

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  • Configuration for a two machine ESXi cluster using VSA to present local storage to VMs

    - by MDMarra
    I'm designing a little vSphere 5 cluster for one of our remote sites. We have some IBM x3650s that have 6x 300GB 10K RPM drives in them, along with dual quad core CPUs and 24GB RAM. Because we use HP P4500 G2s at our primary site, we have licenses available for HP P4000 VSAs. I thought that this would be the perfect opportunity to use them. Below is a basic drawing of what I want to accomplish: I want to run a P4000 VSA on each server and run them in a Network RAID-10 (Lefthand speak for network mirroring, think of it as RAID 1 across nodes or as an active/active storage cluster). I will then present this storage to guests that will run on this mini-cluster. It will be managed by a vCenter Server on our main site. All connections will be GbE with two dedicated to storage. Management and Data will share a pair of connections, since I don't expect there to be high load. These servers are just there to provide directory services, dhcp, printing, etc. Does anyone see anything potentially wrong with this approach? Is this the best way to do this without adding additional dedicated storage heads? Are there any pitfalls in this design, besides the lack of dedicated Data/Mgmt interfaces?

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  • Network Misconfiguration when adding first host to new vSphere cluster

    - by dunxd
    I am building a new vSphere cluster from scratch. I have installed ESXi on the first host, and built a vCenter server on a VM residing on that host (storage is on the local hard drive, although we have iSCSI targets which I can reach from the host). The cluster is configured for HA. When I try and add the host to the cluster, I get an error at the point where HA is configured - Cannot complete the . I have stripped the network configuration of the host down to the most basic - a single NIC attached to a single vSwitch - this is running the VMKernel Port on VLAN 8 - that is our Management VLAN. The vCenter server will have a network address on this VLAN, so I also set the initial Virtual Machine Port Group to this VLAN, and connected the vCenter server NIC to this port group. I understand I can't connect the vCenter server to the VMkernel port group, but shouldn't I be able to connect the vCenter server to a Port Group in the same VLAN? If not, do I need to create a VLAN specifically for VMKernel Port Group? I plan to set up another port group for vMotion with a dedicated and isolated VLAN (i.e. VLAN isn't routed) so this wouldn't allow vCenter to communicate. Does anyone have any suggestions, or other ideas for what might be causing the problem. I've read through the documentation, but it isn't giving me any pointers, and the error message isn't helping me beyond telling me something is wrong with my network config.

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  • Set up linux box for hosting a-z

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to Configure virtual interfaces/ip based virtual hosts for SSL, setting up a CA, or anything else would be appreciated.

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  • SQL SERVER – Migration Assistant Upgraded to Support SQL Server 2014

    - by Pinal Dave
    We all start somewhere when it is about database. There are different reasons, why we go for one database over another database. Usually the reason is cost and convenience. After a period of time when business is successful and traffic is growing, the same two reasons of cost and convenience start to become secondary goals. I have seen quite a lot of companies starting with free databases and after a while switching to another database as they want stability and service from the product company. Microsoft has an excellent product which lets you migrate your database from the alternate database to SQL Server. It is called SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) and earlier this week, it has been upgraded to support SQL Server 2014. Now you can migrate from your database to to all editions of SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2012 and SQL Server 2014. SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) is a free supported tool from Microsoft. Here is where you can download SSMA v5.3 for various databases. Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v5.3 for Access Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for Access is a tool to automate migration from Microsoft Access database(s) to SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v5.3 for Oracle Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for Oracle is a tool to automate migration from Oracle database to SQL Server. Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v5.3 for Sybase Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for Sybase is a tool to automate migration from Sybase ASE database to SQL Server. Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v5.3 for MySQL Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for MySQL is a tool to automate migration from MySQL database to SQL Server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Documentation, SQL Download, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • How could there still not be a mysqldb module for Python 3? [closed]

    - by itsadok
    This SO question is now more than two years old. MySQL is an incredibly popular database engine, Python is an incredibly popular programming language, and Python 3 has been officially released two years ago, and was available even before that. What's more, the whole mysqldb module is just a layer translating Python's db-api to MySQL's API. It's not that big of a library. I must be missing something here. How come almost* nobody in the entire open source community has spent the (I'm guessing) two weeks it takes to port this lib? Is Python 3 that unpopular? Is the combination of python and mysql not as common as I assume? Or maybe it's just a lot harder to port mysqldb than I assume? Anyone know the inside story on this? * Now I see that this guy has done it, which takes some of the wind out of my question, but it still seems to little and too late to make sense. EDIT: OK, I'm aware that the stock answers for these kind of questions cover this one as well. Patches welcome, scratch your itch, we don't work for you and we don't have the time, etc. I actually took a shot at porting this about a year ago, but it was my first time doing anything with Python C extensions, and I failed. My point in writing this was not a plea for somebody to write it, but genuine curiosity: it seems that some much more complicated libraries have been ported to python 3 already, and in the poll for which libraries should be ported, mysqldb is not even nominated! That suggests that maybe (2) is the right answer. UPDATE: I found that there are several new libraries that provide mysql support under Python 3, I just wasn't googling hard enough. That explains everything.

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  • PDO Statement moving away from mysql_connect [on hold]

    - by user3555680
    Can someone please help me write a simple query "SELECT first_name FROM table_name" using PDO. I want to move away from using mysql_connect. Im working on a php project with mysql. Can you please write for me such a code that i can use THANK YOU <?php $host="127.0.0.1"; // Host name $username="root"; // Mysql username $password=""; // Mysql password $db_name="microict-intrasys"; // Database name //$id = 5; try { $conn = new PDO('mysql:host={$host};dbname={$db_name}', $username, $password); // you neeeeeed this--^ and this--^ $stmt = $conn->prepare('SELECT version FROM system_info'); $stmt->execute(array('id' => $id)); $result = $stmt->fetchAll(); if ( count($result) ) { foreach($result as $row) { print_r($row); } } else { echo "No rows returned."; } } catch(PDOException $e) { echo 'ERROR: ' . $e->getMessage(); } ?>

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  • LNK2001 error when compiling windows forms application with VC++ 2008

    - by Blin
    I've been trying to write a small application which will work with mysql in C++. I am using MySQL server 5.1.41 and MySQL C++ connector 1.0.5. Everything compiles fine when i write console applications, but when i try to compile windows forms application exactly the same way (same libraries, same paths, same project properties) i get this errors: Error 1 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual int __clrcall sql::mysql::MySQL_Savepoint::getSavepointId(void)" (?getSavepointId@MySQL_Savepoint@mysql@sql@@$$FUAMHXZ) test1.obj test1 Error 2 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __clrcall sql::mysql::MySQL_Savepoint::getSavepointName(void)" (?getSavepointName@MySQL_Savepoint@mysql@sql@@$$FUAM?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@XZ) test1.obj test1 following instructions from here, i've got this: Undecoration of :- "?getSavepointId@MySQL_Savepoint@mysql@sql@@UEAAHXZ" is :- "public: virtual int __cdecl sql::mysql::MySQL_Savepoint::getSavepointId(void) __ptr64" Undecoration of :- "?getSavepointName@MySQL_Savepoint@mysql@sql@@UEAA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@XZ" is :- "public: virtual class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl sql::mysql::MySQL_Savepoint::getSavepointName(void) __ptr64" but what should i do now?

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  • Clustering Strings on the basis of Common Substrings

    - by pk188
    I have around 10000+ strings and have to identify and group all the strings which looks similar(I base the similarity on the number of common words between any two give strings). The more number of common words, more similar the strings would be. For instance: How to make another layer from an existing layer Unable to edit data on the network drive Existing layers in the desktop Assistance with network drive In this case, the strings 1 and 3 are similar with common words Existing, Layer and 2 and 4 are similar with common words Network Drive(eliminating stop word) The steps I'm following are: Iterate through the data set Do a row by row comparison Find the common words between the strings Form a cluster where number of common words is greater than or equal to 2(eliminating stop words) If number of common words<2, put the string in a new cluster. Assign the rows either to the existing clusters or form a new one depending upon the common words Continue until all the strings are processed I am implementing the project in C#, and have got till step 3. However, I'm not sure how to proceed with the clustering. I have researched a lot about string clustering but could not find any solution that fits my problem. Your inputs would be highly appreciated.

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  • mysqld refusing connections from localhost

    - by Dennis Rardin
    My mail server (Ubuntu 10.04) uses mysql for virtual domains, virtual users. For some reason, mysqld has started refusing connections from localhost. I see these in the mail server log: Oct 6 00:31:14 apollo postfix/trivial-rewrite[16888]: fatal: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf(0,lock|fold_fix): table lookup problem and: Oct 7 13:39:15 apollo postfix/proxymap[25839]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 0 I also get the following in auth.log: Oct 6 22:33:31 apollo mysqld[31775]: refused connect from 127.0.0.1 Telnet to the local port: root@apollo:/var/log/mysql# telnet localhost 3306 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host. root@apollo:/var/log/mysql# I am not sure why this started happening, but there was a disk failure in a RAID 1 pair a bit earlier that day. So it's possible I have a damaged config file or something. But mail was working for at least an hour after the drive event, so who knows for sure? phpmyadmin works fine, and the databases themselves look like they're intact. I think/believe that selinux and iptables are disabled and not running. So ... why is mysqld refusing connections from localhost? What should I check? What processes might cause this if a .conf file or possibly a binary was damaged? Which other log files might contain clues? I've enabled "general logging" in /etc/mysql/my.cnf, but I get no interesting or informative entries there. Thanks, m00tpoint

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  • What's up with OCFS2?

    - by wcoekaer
    On Linux there are many filesystem choices and even from Oracle we provide a number of filesystems, all with their own advantages and use cases. Customers often confuse ACFS with OCFS or OCFS2 which then causes assumptions to be made such as one replacing the other etc... I thought it would be good to write up a summary of how OCFS2 got to where it is, what we're up to still, how it is different from other options and how this really is a cool native Linux cluster filesystem that we worked on for many years and is still widely used. Work on a cluster filesystem at Oracle started many years ago, in the early 2000's when the Oracle Database Cluster development team wrote a cluster filesystem for Windows that was primarily focused on providing an alternative to raw disk devices and help customers with the deployment of Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC). Oracle RAC is a cluster technology that lets us make a cluster of Oracle Database servers look like one big database. The RDBMS runs on many nodes and they all work on the same data. It's a Shared Disk database design. There are many advantages doing this but I will not go into detail as that is not the purpose of my write up. Suffice it to say that Oracle RAC expects all the database data to be visible in a consistent, coherent way, across all the nodes in the cluster. To do that, there were/are a few options : 1) use raw disk devices that are shared, through SCSI, FC, or iSCSI 2) use a network filesystem (NFS) 3) use a cluster filesystem(CFS) which basically gives you a filesystem that's coherent across all nodes using shared disks. It is sort of (but not quite) combining option 1 and 2 except that you don't do network access to the files, the files are effectively locally visible as if it was a local filesystem. So OCFS (Oracle Cluster FileSystem) on Windows was born. Since Linux was becoming a very important and popular platform, we decided that we would also make this available on Linux and thus the porting of OCFS/Windows started. The first version of OCFS was really primarily focused on replacing the use of Raw devices with a simple filesystem that lets you create files and provide direct IO to these files to get basically native raw disk performance. The filesystem was not designed to be fully POSIX compliant and it did not have any where near good/decent performance for regular file create/delete/access operations. Cache coherency was easy since it was basically always direct IO down to the disk device and this ensured that any time one issues a write() command it would go directly down to the disk, and not return until the write() was completed. Same for read() any sort of read from a datafile would be a read() operation that went all the way to disk and return. We did not cache any data when it came down to Oracle data files. So while OCFS worked well for that, since it did not have much of a normal filesystem feel, it was not something that could be submitted to the kernel mail list for inclusion into Linux as another native linux filesystem (setting aside the Windows porting code ...) it did its job well, it was very easy to configure, node membership was simple, locking was disk based (so very slow but it existed), you could create regular files and do regular filesystem operations to a certain extend but anything that was not database data file related was just not very useful in general. Logfiles ok, standard filesystem use, not so much. Up to this point, all the work was done, at Oracle, by Oracle developers. Once OCFS (1) was out for a while and there was a lot of use in the database RAC world, many customers wanted to do more and were asking for features that you'd expect in a normal native filesystem, a real "general purposes cluster filesystem". So the team sat down and basically started from scratch to implement what's now known as OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster FileSystem release 2). Some basic criteria were : Design it with a real Distributed Lock Manager and use the network for lock negotiation instead of the disk Make it a Linux native filesystem instead of a native shim layer and a portable core Support standard Posix compliancy and be fully cache coherent with all operations Support all the filesystem features Linux offers (ACL, extended Attributes, quotas, sparse files,...) Be modern, support large files, 32/64bit, journaling, data ordered journaling, endian neutral, we can mount on both endian /cross architecture,.. Needless to say, this was a huge development effort that took many years to complete. A few big milestones happened along the way... OCFS2 was development in the open, we did not have a private tree that we worked on without external code review from the Linux Filesystem maintainers, great folks like Christopher Hellwig reviewed the code regularly to make sure we were not doing anything out of line, we submitted the code for review on lkml a number of times to see if we were getting close for it to be included into the mainline kernel. Using this development model is standard practice for anyone that wants to write code that goes into the kernel and having any chance of doing so without a complete rewrite or.. shall I say flamefest when submitted. It saved us a tremendous amount of time by not having to re-fit code for it to be in a Linus acceptable state. Some other filesystems that were trying to get into the kernel that didn't follow an open development model had a lot harder time and a lot harsher criticism. March 2006, when Linus released 2.6.16, OCFS2 officially became part of the mainline kernel, it was accepted a little earlier in the release candidates but in 2.6.16. OCFS2 became officially part of the mainline Linux kernel tree as one of the many filesystems. It was the first cluster filesystem to make it into the kernel tree. Our hope was that it would then end up getting picked up by the distribution vendors to make it easy for everyone to have access to a CFS. Today the source code for OCFS2 is approximately 85000 lines of code. We made OCFS2 production with full support for customers that ran Oracle database on Linux, no extra or separate support contract needed. OCFS2 1.0.0 started being built for RHEL4 for x86, x86-64, ppc, s390x and ia64. For RHEL5 starting with OCFS2 1.2. SuSE was very interested in high availability and clustering and decided to build and include OCFS2 with SLES9 for their customers and was, next to Oracle, the main contributor to the filesystem for both new features and bug fixes. Source code was always available even prior to inclusion into mainline and as of 2.6.16, source code was just part of a Linux kernel download from kernel.org, which it still is, today. So the latest OCFS2 code is always the upstream mainline Linux kernel. OCFS2 is the cluster filesystem used in Oracle VM 2 and Oracle VM 3 as the virtual disk repository filesystem. Since the filesystem is in the Linux kernel it's released under the GPL v2 The release model has always been that new feature development happened in the mainline kernel and we then built consistent, well tested, snapshots that had versions, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8. But these releases were effectively just snapshots in time that were tested for stability and release quality. OCFS2 is very easy to use, there's a simple text file that contains the node information (hostname, node number, cluster name) and a file that contains the cluster heartbeat timeouts. It is very small, and very efficient. As Sunil Mushran wrote in the manual : OCFS2 is an efficient, easily configured, quickly installed, fully integrated and compatible, feature-rich, architecture and endian neutral, cache coherent, ordered data journaling, POSIX-compliant, shared disk cluster file system. Here is a list of some of the important features that are included : Variable Block and Cluster sizes Supports block sizes ranging from 512 bytes to 4 KB and cluster sizes ranging from 4 KB to 1 MB (increments in power of 2). Extent-based Allocations Tracks the allocated space in ranges of clusters making it especially efficient for storing very large files. Optimized Allocations Supports sparse files, inline-data, unwritten extents, hole punching and allocation reservation for higher performance and efficient storage. File Cloning/snapshots REFLINK is a feature which introduces copy-on-write clones of files in a cluster coherent way. Indexed Directories Allows efficient access to millions of objects in a directory. Metadata Checksums Detects silent corruption in inodes and directories. Extended Attributes Supports attaching an unlimited number of name:value pairs to the file system objects like regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc. Advanced Security Supports POSIX ACLs and SELinux in addition to the traditional file access permission model. Quotas Supports user and group quotas. Journaling Supports both ordered and writeback data journaling modes to provide file system consistency in the event of power failure or system crash. Endian and Architecture neutral Supports a cluster of nodes with mixed architectures. Allows concurrent mounts on nodes running 32-bit and 64-bit, little-endian (x86, x86_64, ia64) and big-endian (ppc64) architectures. In-built Cluster-stack with DLM Includes an easy to configure, in-kernel cluster-stack with a distributed lock manager. Buffered, Direct, Asynchronous, Splice and Memory Mapped I/Os Supports all modes of I/Os for maximum flexibility and performance. Comprehensive Tools Support Provides a familiar EXT3-style tool-set that uses similar parameters for ease-of-use. The filesystem was distributed for Linux distributions in separate RPM form and this had to be built for every single kernel errata release or every updated kernel provided by the vendor. We provided builds from Oracle for Oracle Linux and all kernels released by Oracle and for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. SuSE provided the modules directly for every kernel they shipped. With the introduction of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux and our interest in reducing the overhead of building filesystem modules for every minor release, we decide to make OCFS2 available as part of UEK. There was no more need for separate kernel modules, everything was built-in and a kernel upgrade automatically updated the filesystem, as it should. UEK allowed us to not having to backport new upstream filesystem code into an older kernel version, backporting features into older versions introduces risk and requires extra testing because the code is basically partially rewritten. The UEK model works really well for continuing to provide OCFS2 without that extra overhead. Because the RHEL kernel did not contain OCFS2 as a kernel module (it is in the source tree but it is not built by the vendor in kernel module form) we stopped adding the extra packages to Oracle Linux and its RHEL compatible kernel and for RHEL. Oracle Linux customers/users obviously get OCFS2 included as part of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, SuSE customers get it by SuSE distributed with SLES and Red Hat can decide to distribute OCFS2 to their customers if they chose to as it's just a matter of compiling the module and making it available. OCFS2 today, in the mainline kernel is pretty much feature complete in terms of integration with every filesystem feature Linux offers and it is still actively maintained with Joel Becker being the primary maintainer. Since we use OCFS2 as part of Oracle VM, we continue to look at interesting new functionality to add, REFLINK was a good example, and as such we continue to enhance the filesystem where it makes sense. Bugfixes and any sort of code that goes into the mainline Linux kernel that affects filesystems, automatically also modifies OCFS2 so it's in kernel, actively maintained but not a lot of new development happening at this time. We continue to fully support OCFS2 as part of Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and other vendors make their own decisions on support as it's really a Linux cluster filesystem now more than something that we provide to customers. It really just is part of Linux like EXT3 or BTRFS etc, the OS distribution vendors decide. Do not confuse OCFS2 with ACFS (ASM cluster Filesystem) also known as Oracle Cloud Filesystem. ACFS is a filesystem that's provided by Oracle on various OS platforms and really integrates into Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management). It's a very powerful Cluster Filesystem but it's not distributed as part of the Operating System, it's distributed with the Oracle Database product and installs with and lives inside Oracle ASM. ACFS obviously is fully supported on Linux (Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux) but OCFS2 independently as a native Linux filesystem is also, and continues to also be supported. ACFS is very much tied into the Oracle RDBMS, OCFS2 is just a standard native Linux filesystem with no ties into Oracle products. Customers running the Oracle database and ASM really should consider using ACFS as it also provides storage/clustered volume management. Customers wanting to use a simple, easy to use generic Linux cluster filesystem should consider using OCFS2. To learn more about OCFS2 in detail, you can find good documentation on http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2 in the Documentation area, or get the latest mainline kernel from http://kernel.org and read the source. One final, unrelated note - since I am not always able to publicly answer or respond to comments, I do not want to selectively publish comments from readers. Sometimes I forget to publish comments, sometime I publish them and sometimes I would publish them but if for some reason I cannot publicly comment on them, it becomes a very one-sided stream. So for now I am going to not publish comments from anyone, to be fair to all sides. You are always welcome to email me and I will do my best to respond to technical questions, questions about strategy or direction are sometimes not possible to answer for obvious reasons.

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  • OSX Lion - sh: mysql command not found

    - by mkk
    I have pretty simple issue I believe. I have successfully installed mysql etc. I do not have any problems with running "mysql" command from terminal [ bash ]. Suddenly, when my application tried to run mysql command I got error: sh: mysql: command not found.. In terminal, when I type sh and then mysql I can log in to mysql without any problems. I have added mysql to PATH in .bash_profile and I suspect this is why sh cannot see it. I have cp .bash_profile to .profile but it did not do the trick, any ideas how can I fix this issue?

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  • Fulltext search for django : Mysql not so bad ? (vs sphinx, xapian)

    - by Eric
    I am studying fulltext search engines for django. It must be simple to install, fast indexing, fast index update, not blocking while indexing, fast search. After reading many web pages, I put in short list : Mysql MYISAM fulltext, djapian/python-xapian, and django-sphinx I did not choose lucene because it seems complex, nor haystack as it has less features than djapian/django-sphinx (like fields weighting). Then I made some benchmarks, to do so, I collected many free books on the net to generate a database table with 1 485 000 records (id,title,body), each record is about 600 bytes long. From the database, I also generated a list of 100 000 existing words and shuffled them to create a search list. For the tests, I made 2 runs on my laptop (4Go RAM, Dual core 2.0Ghz): the first one, just after a server reboot to clear all caches, the second is done juste after in order to test how good are cached results. Here are the "home made" benchmark results : 1485000 records with Title (150 bytes) and body (450 bytes) Mysql 5.0.75/Ubuntu 9.04 Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 7m14.146s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:11.553524 next run : 0:00:00.168508 Mysql 5.5.4 m3/Ubuntu 9.04 Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 6m08.154s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:11.553524 next run : 0:00:00.168508 1 thread, 100000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 9m09s next run : 5m38s 1 thread, 10000 random strings (random strings should not be found in database) : just after the 100000 search test : 0:00:15.007353 1 thread, boolean search : 1000 x (+word1 +word2) First run : 0:00:21.205404 next run : 0:00:00.145098 Djapian Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 84m7.601s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database with prefetch : First run : 0:02:28.085680 next run : 0:00:14.300236 python-xapian Fulltext : ========================================================================== 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:26.402084 next run : 0:00:00.695092 django-sphinx Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 1m25.957s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:30.073001 next run : 0:00:05.203294 1 thread, 100000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 12m48s next run : 9m45s 1 thread, 10000 random strings (random strings should not be found in database) : just after the 100000 search test : 0:00:23.535319 1 thread, boolean search : 1000 x (word1 word2) First run : 0:00:20.856486 next run : 0:00:03.005416 As you can see, Mysql is not so bad at all for fulltext search. In addition, its query cache is very efficient. Mysql seems to me a good choice as there is nothing to install (I need just to write a small script to synchronize an Innodb production table to a MyISAM search table) and as I do not really need advanced search feature like stemming etc... Here is the question : What do you think about Mysql fulltext search engine vs sphinx and xapian ?

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  • Is there any er diagram tool in Windows that I can use to connect to a MySQL 4.1 database in Unix?

    - by melaos
    I have a few test databases in some Unix SUSE 8 servers and initially the plan was to find some tools which can directly create the ERD straight from the server until someone told me that I can find tools to connect from the Windows PC straight to the Unix MySQL database. So I saw MySQL query analyzer which can do this but unfortunately there are no options to create an ERD. So are there any tools, preferably open source or free which can do this? I've done some basic googling but didn't know what is the exact terms to use to search for this and have so far found nothing useful yet. Updates: I just found out that the latest version of workbench doesn't work MySQL 4.1 Enterprise Edition which is the version that I have! And I try to use fabFORCE DBDesigner but I can't even connect at all using that one :( What can work for this version of MySQL?

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  • Using SVN with a MySQL database ran by xamp - yes or no? (and how?)

    - by Extrakun
    For my current PHP/MySQL project (over a group of 4 to 5 team members), we are using this setup: each developer codes and test on his localhost running xamp, and upload to a test server via SVN. One question that I have now is how to synchronize the MySQL database? I may have added a new table to project and the PHP code references to it, so my other team members would need to access that table for my code (once they got it through SVN) to work. We are not always working in the same office all the time, so having a LAN and a MySQL server in the office is not feasible. So I am toying with 2 solutions Setup a test DB online, and have all the coders will reference to that, even when coding from localhost. Downside: you can't test if you happen not have internet access. Somehow sync the localhost copy of MySQL DB. Is that kind of silly? And if I do consider this, how do I do it? (which folder do I add to SVN?) (I guess a related question is how to automatically update the live MySQL DB from the testing DB, regardless if it is on a remote server or hosted locally via xamp. Any advice regarding that would be welcomed!)

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  • Pros/Cons of MySQL vs Postgresql for production Ruby on Rails environment?

    - by cakeforcerberus
    I will soon be switching from sqlite3 to either postgres or mysql. What should I consider when making this decision? Is mysql more suited for Rails than postgres in some areas and/or vice versa? Or, as I somewhat suspect, does it not really matter either way? Another factor that might play into my decision is the availability of tools to data pump my test data from the sqlite3 db to my new one. Is there anything that ActiveRecord provides natively to do this or any decent plugins/gems to help with this task? BONUS: How do I pronounce "Postgresql" and sound like I know what I'm talking about? :) Thanks Greg Smith for providing the following link that shows the most common pronunciations: http://www.postgresql.org/community/survey.33 UPDATE: Reference this question for more: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/110927/do-you-recommend-postgresql-over-mysql FYI: I ended up using MySQL. There is a neat plugin called yamldb that really saved me some time with the data transfer from my sqlite db to my new mysql one. Instructions on how to install and use it can be found here: http://accidentaltechnologist.com/ruby/change-databases-in-rails-with-yamldb/ Thanks Tom

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  • Possible to recover mysql root pass with sudo server access?

    - by jonathonmorgan
    I've inherited development for a website on vps hosting, and have login info for a user with sudo privileges, but don't have the password for the mysql root user. After digging around a little, it looks like the only way to fix this is to stop mysql (something like this: http://waoewaoe.wordpress.com/2010/02/03/recover-reset-mysql-root-password/). But because the website it's serving is currently in production, I'm hoping you guys can enlighten me to any potential consequences (or let me know if there's typically a file where the password would be accessible). a) during the time mysql is stopped, information in the database won't be accessible, right -- even by other users? b) will resetting the root password have any impact on other users after mysql has restarted? Will their username/passwords still be valid? The current application is using an account with limited privileges to read/write to the database, and while 5min downtime in the middle of the night would probably go unnoticed, half a day while I tie up loose ends/figure out what I screwed up will land in me hot water. Thanks in advance for your help!

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  • RabbitMQ - How I do configure servers for zero-downtime upgrades?

    - by Terence Johnson
    Having read through the docs and RabbitMQ in Action, creating a RabbitMQ cluster seems straightforward enough, but upgrading or patching an existing RabbitMQ cluster seems to require the whole cluster to be restarted. Is there a way to combine clustering, shovel, federation, and load balancing to make a rolling upgrade possible without losing queues or messages, or have I missed something slightly more obvious?

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  • Troubleshooting failover cluster problem in W2K8 / SQL05

    - by paulland
    I have an active/passive W2K8 (64) cluster pair, running SQL05 Standard. Shared storage is on a HP EVA SAN (FC). I recently expanded the filesystem on the active node for a database, adding a drive designation. The shared storage drives are designated as F:, I:, J:, L: and X:, with SQL filesystems on the first 4 and X: used for a backup destination. Last night, as part of a validation process (the passive node had been offline for maintenance), I moved the SQL instance to the other cluster node. The database in question immediately moved to Suspect status. Review of the system logs showed that the database would not load because the file "K:\SQLDATA\whatever.ndf" could not be found. (Note that we do not have a K: drive designation.) A review of the J: storage drive showed zero contents -- nothing -- this is where "whatever.ndf" should have been. Hmm, I thought. Problem with the server. I'll just move SQL back to the other server and figure out what's wrong.. Still no database. Suspect. Uh-oh. "Whatever.ndf" had gone into the bit bucket. I finally decided to just restore from the backup (which had been taken immediately before the validation test), so nothing was lost but a few hours of sleep. The question: (1) Why did the passive node think the whatever.ndf files were supposed to go to drive "K:", when this drive didn't exist as a resource on the active node? (2) How can I get the cluster nodes "re-syncd" so that failover can be accomplished? I don't know that there wasn't a "K:" drive as a cluster resource at some time in the past, but I do know that this drive did not exist on the original cluster at the time of resource move.

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