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• New Write Flash SSDs and more disk trays

  - by Steve Tunstall

  In case you haven't heard, the Write SSDs the ZFSSA have been updated. Much faster now for the same price. Sweet. The new write-flash SSDs have a new part number of 7105026 , so make sure you order the right ones. It's important to note that you MUST be on code level 2011.1.4.0 or higher to use these. They have increased in IOPS from 6,000 to 11,000, and increased throughput from 200MB/s to 350MB/s.    Also, you can now add six SAS HBAs (up from 4) to the 7420, allowing one to have three SAS channels with 12 disk trays each, for a new total of 36 disk trays. With 3TB drives, that's 2.5 Petabytes. Is that enough for you? Make sure you add new cards to the correct slots. I've talked about this before, but here is the handy-dandy matrix again so you don't have to go find it. Remember the rules: You can have 6 of any one kind of card (like six 10GigE cards), but you only really get 8 slots, since you have two SAS cards no matter what. If you want more than 12 disk trays, you need two more SAS cards, so think about expansion later, too. In fact, if you are going to have two different speeds of drives, in other words you want to mix 15K speed and 7,200 speed drives in the same system, I would highly recommend two different SAS channels. So I would want four SAS cards in that system, no matter how many trays you have. 

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• Booting Ubuntu 12.04 from external eSATA disk

  - by Lord of Scripts

  This is my system topology: Disk #1 (SATA Internal) C: D: (Windows 7 Ultimate) Disk #2 (SATA Internal) E: (Windows Backup) Disk #3 (eSATA External) H: I: (Other windows data) /dev/sdc3 Linux Swap /dev/sdc4 Extended partition /dev/sdc5 Linux / So, I originally had there Ubuntu 8.1 from years ago but never got to use it. Now I used the Ubuntu 12.04 Live CD to install on that same location (That live CD takes a century to boot on a 6GB Intel i7 system...). The installation went fine, I selected it to install on /dev/sdc5 but it never asked me for any boot stuff, where I wanted to install Grub or whatever it is that it uses nowaways (I come from the LILO days when it always worked :-) So, yet again I can't access my new Linux installation. I have to wait a century to boot the "Live" CD and it allows me to see my new installation but I can't do anything with it. I tried the approach of this blog post. Copied the linux.bin of /dev/sdc5 into C: and used the BCDEdit steps to declare the new OS. So when I boot I see the Windows Boot menu and select Linux and after than I only get a black screen with a blinking cursor on the upper left. I can boot into Windows though. So, perhaps it didn't install the boot code on /dev/sdc5? I used this setup years ago booting from Windows with a BIN file: dd if=/dev/sdc5 of=/mnt/share/C/linux.bin bs=512 count=1 I am very reluctant to run GRUB because years ago I did and it wiped out my Windows boot sector and took quite some effort to recover it and be able to boot Windows again. I have been trying to install GRUB on a blank USB stick but I can't find anything clear enough. My system does NOT have a floppy. So can someone give me some ideas about how to get control of my Ubuntu 12.04 installation?

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• Emacs stops taking input when a file has changed on disk [migrated]

  - by recf

  I'm using Emacs v24.3.1 on Windows 8. I had a file change on disk while I had an Emacs buffer open with that file. As soon as I attempt to make a change to the buffer, a message appears in the minibuffer. Fileblah.txt changed on disk; really edit the buffer? (y, n, r or C-h) I would expect to be able to hit r to have it reload the disk version of the file, but nothing happens. Emacs completely stops responding to input. None of the listed keys work, nor do any other keys as far as I can tell. I can't C-g out of the minibuffer. Alt-F4 doesn't work, not does Close window from the task bar. I have to kill the process from task manager. Anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong here? In cases it's various modes not playing nice with each other, for reference, my init.el is here. Nothing complex. Here's the breakdown: better-defaults (ido-mode, remove menu-bar, uniquify buffer `forward, saveplace) recentf-mode custom frame title visual-line-mode require final newline and delete trailing whitespace on save Markdown mode with auto-mode-alist Flyspell with Aspell backend Powershell mode with auto-mode-alist Ruby auto-mode-alist Puppet mode with auto-mode-alist Feature (Gherkin) mode with auto-mode-alist The specific file was a markdown file with Github-flavored Markdown mode and Flyspell mode enabled.

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• recovering raid 0 hard disk

  - by Hiawatha

  I bumped to a huge (for me) problem. I was running dual boot system (win 7 / linux) and at some point I decided to test fedora ( I am new in Linux ). My hard disk conf: 3 hard disks each 1 TB, 2 set to raid 0 with windows running on it and 1 for linux. After installing it from live usb I found out that windows 7 is not in grub anymore and while booting shows raid error. I installed back Ubuntu and ran Disk Utility and checked now I have one disks (raid 0) failed (READ) error. First has 5 bad sectors and second has 1 bad sector. And now I dont know what to do and how to repair. further I dont know which data i could provide to get help. I tried ntfsfix and got this output: Mounting volume... NTFS signature is missing. FAILED Attempting to correct errors... NTFS signature is missing. FAILED Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument NTFS signature is missing. Trying the alternate boot sector Unrecoverable error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. #sudo ntfs-3g -o force,rw /dev/sdb /media/windows NTFS signature is missing. Failed to mount '/dev/sdb': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sdb' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?

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• higher cpu usage in ubuntu 12.04 than windows 7

  - by Medya

  Hi I have a Intel Core i5 with 6GB of Ram using ubuntu 12.04 64bit. I noticed that whenever I run chrome which is the faster browser for me in linux) when I watch youtube, the CPU usage for Chrome is at least 13% and sometimes even 30% . but in Windows 7 same thing (youtube on chrome) rarely uses more than 6% of my CPU usage. I also notice my laptop is so hot in ubuntu 12.04 and the fan is working all the time, while in windows the laptop is so silent and the fan doesnt make much noise all the time and not as warm as in linux. is it like that for every one or is it just me?

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• Software license restricting commercial usage like CC BY-NC-SA

  - by Nick

  I want to distribute my software under license like Creative Commons Attribution - Non commercial - Share Alike license, i.e. Redistribution of source code and binaries is freely. Modified version of program have to be distributed under the same license. Attribution to original project should be supplied to. Restrict any kind of commercial usage. However CC does not recommend to use their licenses for software. Is there this kind of software license I could apply? Better if public license, but as far as I know US laws says that only EULA could restrict usage of received copy?

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• Suspend computer on idle if CPU usage is low (windows tip)

  How to combine Windows Scheduler, PStools and a small custom program to suspend your computer on idle if CPU usage is low

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• CPU Usage in Very Large Coherence Clusters

  - by jpurdy

  When sizing Coherence installations, one of the complicating factors is that these installations (by their very nature) tend to be application-specific, with some being large, memory-intensive caches, with others acting as I/O-intensive transaction-processing platforms, and still others performing CPU-intensive calculations across the data grid. Regardless of the primary resource requirements, Coherence sizing calculations are inherently empirical, in that there are so many permutations that a simple spreadsheet approach to sizing is rarely optimal (though it can provide a good starting estimate). So we typically recommend measuring actual resource usage (primarily CPU cycles, network bandwidth and memory) at a given load, and then extrapolating from those measurements. Of course there may be multiple types of load, and these may have varying degrees of correlation -- for example, an increased request rate may drive up the number of objects "pinned" in memory at any point, but the increase may be less than linear if those objects are naturally shared by concurrent requests. But for most reasonably-designed applications, a linear resource model will be reasonably accurate for most levels of scale. However, at extreme scale, sizing becomes a bit more complicated as certain cluster management operations -- while very infrequent -- become increasingly critical. This is because certain operations do not naturally tend to scale out. In a small cluster, sizing is primarily driven by the request rate, required cache size, or other application-driven metrics. In larger clusters (e.g. those with hundreds of cluster members), certain infrastructure tasks become intensive, in particular those related to members joining and leaving the cluster, such as introducing new cluster members to the rest of the cluster, or publishing the location of partitions during rebalancing. These tasks have a strong tendency to require all updates to be routed via a single member for the sake of cluster stability and data integrity. Fortunately that member is dynamically assigned in Coherence, so it is not a single point of failure, but it may still become a single point of bottleneck (until the cluster finishes its reconfiguration, at which point this member will have a similar load to the rest of the members). The most common cause of scaling issues in large clusters is disabling multicast (by configuring well-known addresses, aka WKA). This obviously impacts network usage, but it also has a large impact on CPU usage, primarily since the senior member must directly communicate certain messages with every other cluster member, and this communication requires significant CPU time. In particular, the need to notify the rest of the cluster about membership changes and corresponding partition reassignments adds stress to the senior member. Given that portions of the network stack may tend to be single-threaded (both in Coherence and the underlying OS), this may be even more problematic on servers with poor single-threaded performance. As a result of this, some extremely large clusters may be configured with a smaller number of partitions than ideal. This results in the size of each partition being increased. When a cache server fails, the other servers will use their fractional backups to recover the state of that server (and take over responsibility for their backed-up portion of that state). The finest granularity of this recovery is a single partition, and the single service thread can not accept new requests during this recovery. Ordinarily, recovery is practically instantaneous (it is roughly equivalent to the time required to iterate over a set of backup backing map entries and move them to the primary backing map in the same JVM). But certain factors can increase this duration drastically (to several seconds): large partitions, sufficiently slow single-threaded CPU performance, many or expensive indexes to rebuild, etc. The solution of course is to mitigate each of those factors but in many cases this may be challenging. Larger clusters also lead to the temptation to place more load on the available hardware resources, spreading CPU resources thin. As an example, while we've long been aware of how garbage collection can cause significant pauses, it usually isn't viewed as a major consumer of CPU (in terms of overall system throughput). Typically, the use of a concurrent collector allows greater responsiveness by minimizing pause times, at the cost of reducing system throughput. However, at a recent engagement, we were forced to turn off the concurrent collector and use a traditional parallel "stop the world" collector to reduce CPU usage to an acceptable level. In summary, there are some less obvious factors that may result in excessive CPU consumption in a larger cluster, so it is even more critical to test at full scale, even though allocating sufficient hardware may often be much more difficult for these large clusters.

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• How do i fix the slow scroll in browsers and high XOrg cpu usage

  - by Virgil

  I am facing an issue while scrolling in browsers(firefox, chrome, and opera) , scroll is jagged and slow. Also when scrolling the cpu usage spikes. I am currently running ubuntu natty(beta 1), switched from ubuntu 10.10 where the problem was worse. I am using the nvidia beta driver, which ubuntu installed automatically. My graphic card is nvidia Quadro NVS 150M. I tried running ubuntu without the effects on , but when using multiple applications at the same time xorg usage spikes again. Additional info: 2GB of RAM and an intel core 2 duo processor. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!

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• Are there any off the shelf solutions for feature use analysis?

  - by Riviera

  I write a set of productivity tools that sells online and have tens of thousands of users. While we do get very good feedback, this tens to come from only the most vocal users, so we fear we might be missing the big picture. We would like to know if there is any off the shelf (or nearly so) solution to capture usage of different features and to report usage patterns and trends over time. Note: These tools are native apps, not web-based. I know about Google Analytics and the like. They're great, but I'm looking for native code solutions.

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• Google Analytics: Track user usage and flow

  - by Quintin Par

  Can someone help to query Google analytics to track a specific user behavior and usage pattern? Currently I pass user id’s to GA as _setCustomVar(2, 'id', id, 1); This is session based. But I am yet to master how I can utilize this to view usage pattern & behavior for the passed id. Say, I need to understand the visualization flow for one id or the page view count for that id etc Rephrasing, can I filter all existing reports for a specific id that I can select?

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• CPU Usage relative to number of users? - ASP.Net Application

  - by soldieraman

  My Asp.net application uses 25-30% of the CPU on a test server which has 600 MB Ram on it. I can see the asp_wb process taking that much percentage of CPU. This is when I am testing using one user. How many users can the server afford then without falling over? Is there a relationship between the CPU Usage and number of user aka if there are 2 users my application will sky rocket to 60% of memory usage? Or does/Should/How does the server handle this?

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• DRBD on a disk with existing file system that takes all the place

  - by Karolis T.

  I'm currently trying to simulate the environment via XEN. I have installed two debian systems with such FS layout: cltest1:/etc# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda2 6.0G 417M 5.2G 8% / tmpfs 257M 0 257M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 16K 10M 1% /dev tmpfs 257M 4.0K 257M 1% /dev/shm Host cltest2 is identical. Here's my drbd.conf global { minor-count 1; } resource mysql { protocol C; syncer { rate 10M; # 10 Megabytes } on cltest1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvda2; address 192.168.1.186:7789; meta-disk internal; } on cltest2 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvda2; address 192.168.1.187:7789; meta-disk internal; } } I have not created filesystem on drbd0 Starting DRBD via init.d script errors out with: Starting DRBD resources: [ d(mysql) /dev/drbd0: Failure: (114) Lower device is already claimed. This usually means it is mounted. [mysql] cmd /sbin/drbdsetup /dev/drbd0 disk /dev/xvda2 /dev/xvda2 internal --set-defaults --create-device failed - continuing! Running: drbdadm create-md mysql gives: cltest1:/etc# drbdadm create-md mysql md_offset 6442446848 al_offset 6442414080 bm_offset 6442217472 Found ext3 filesystem which uses 6291456 kB current configuration leaves usable 6291228 kB Device size would be truncated, which would corrupt data and result in 'access beyond end of device' errors. You need to either * use external meta data (recommended) * shrink that filesystem first * zero out the device (destroy the filesystem) Operation refused. Command 'drbdmeta /dev/drbd0 v08 /dev/xvda2 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 40 drbdadm aborting As I understand, all of my problems are because I don't have unallocated disk space on xvda2. What are my options besides shrinking FS and connecting a separate physical disk? Can't the meta-data be stored on a file in the local filesystem?

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• Data recovery on a corrupted 3TB disk

  - by Mark K Cowan

  Short version I probably need software to run a deep-scan recovery (ideally on Linux) to find files on NTFS filesystem. The file data is intact, but the references are no longer present. Analogous to recovering data from a "quick-formatted" partition. Hopefully there is a smarter way available than deep-scan, one which would recover filenames and possibly paths. Long version I have a 3TB disk containing a load of backups. Windows 7 SP1 refused to detect the disk when plugged in directly via SATA, so I put it on a USB/SATA adaptor which seemed to work at first. The SATA/USB adaptor probably does not support disks over 2.2TB though. Windows first asked me if I wanted to 'format' the disk, then later showed me most of the contents but some folder were inaccessible. I stupidly decided to run a CHKDSK on my backup disk, which made the folders accessible but also left them empty. I connected this disk via SATA to my main PC (Arch Linux). I tried: testdisk ntfsundelete ntfsfix --no-action (to look for diagnostically relevant faults, disk was "OK" though) to no avail as the files references in the tables had presumably been zeroed out by CHKDSK, rather than using a typical journal'd deletion). If it is useful at all, a majority of the files that I want to recover are JPEG, Photoshop PSD, and MPEG-3/MPEG-4/AVI/MKV files. If worst comes to worst, I'll just design my own sector scanner and use some simple heuristic-driven analysis to recover raw binary blocks of data from the disk which appears to match the structures of the above file types. I am unfamiliar with the exact workings of NTFS but used to be proficient at recovering FAT32 systems with just a hex-editor, so I can provide any useful diagnostic information if you let me know how to find it! My priorities in ascending order of importance for choosing the accepted answer: Restores directory structure Recovers many filenames in addition to the file data Is free / very cheap Runs on Linux Recovers a majority of file data The last point is the most important, but the more of the higher points you match the more rep you'll probably get :)

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• What to look for in a reliable backup hard disk?

  - by Senthil

  I want to buy an internal hard disk and use a docking station along with it for backing up important data. The size will be around 500GB to 1TB. I have a budget and several models fit into it. So far, they only seem to vary in size, speed and brand. These are the only things I can compare from the specs. I guess asking for which brand is best is completely subjective so I won't do that. I want my disk to have long life and be reliable. Doesn't matter if it is somewhat slow. Size: Should I go for the one with highest size within my budget? Will higher density cause problems? Or should I go for a moderately sized one? Does the number of platters have an impact? Speed: I do not want high performance. I want it to be reliable and last long. I am definitely not going to choose the expensive 10,000 rpm ones. Should I go for 5400 or 7200? Do these numbers affect longevity and reliability? Are there any other technical and objective factors that I should look for?

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• How to extend a Linux PV partition online after virtual disk growth

  - by Yves Martin

  VMware allows to extend the size of a virtual disk online - when the VM is running. The next expected steps for Linux system are: extend the partition: delete and create a larger one with fdisk extend the PV size with pvresize use free extents for lvresize operations and then resize2fs for file system But I am stuck on the first step: fdisk and sfdisk still display the old size for the disk. My disk is a SCSI virtual disk connected thanks to the virtual LSI Logic controller. How to refresh the virtual disk size and partition table information available in Linux kernel without reboot ? As far as I know all that steps are possible for a running Windows, without reboot and even without any user actions thanks to VMWare tools. On Linux, I expects to do all steps online too and I already know steps 2, 3 and 4 work online. But the first one - change partition size declared in the partition table (still) seems to require a reboot. Update: My system is a Debian Lenny with kernel 2.6.26 and the disk I have extended is the main disk with a large PV containing the "root" LV for "/".

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• How does VirtualBox's memory usage work?

  - by DrFredEdison

  I've been running several VM's with VirtualBox, and the memory usage reported from various perspectives, and I'm having trouble figuring how much memory my VMs actually use. Here is an example: I have a VM running Windows 7 (as the Guest OS) on my windows XP Host machine. The Host Machine Has 3 GB of RAM The Guest VM is setup to have a base memory of 1 GB If I run Task Manger on the Guest OS, I see memory usage of 430 MB If I run Task Manger on the host OS, I see 3 processes that seem to belong to VirtualBox: VirtualBox.exe (1), using 60 MB of memory (This one seems to have the most CPU usage) VirtualBox.exe (2), using 20 MB of memory VBoxSvc.exe, using 11.5 MB of memory While running the VM, the Host OS's memory usage is about 2 GB When I shut down the VM, the Host OS's it goes back to memory usage goes down to about 900 MB So clearly, there are some huge differences here. I really don't understand how the GuestOS can use 400+ MB, while the Host OS only shows about 75 MB allocated to the VM. Are there other processes used by VirtualBox that aren't as obviously named? Also, I'd like to know if I run a machine with 1 GB, is that going to take 1 GB away from my host OS, or only the amount of memory the Guest machine is currently using? update Somene expressed distrust over my memory usage numbers, and I'm not sure if that distrust was directed at me, or my Host OS's Task Manager's reporting (which is perhaps the culprit), but for any skeptics, here is a screenshot of those processes on the host machine:

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• Ask How-To Geek: Clone a Disk, Resize Static Windows, and Create System Function Shortcuts

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  This week we take a look at how to clone a hard disk for easy backup or duplication, resize stubbornly static windows, and create shortcuts for dozens of Windows functions. Once a week we dip into our reader mailbag and help readers solve their problems, sharing the useful solutions with you in the process. Read on to see our fixes for this week’s reader dilemmas. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC HTG Projects: How to Create Your Own Custom Papercraft Toy How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk What is Camera Raw, and Why Would a Professional Prefer it to JPG? The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: The Basics How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 ShapeShifter: What Are Dreams? [Video] This Computer Runs on Geek Power Wallpaper Bones, Clocks, and Counters; A Look at the First 35,000 Years of Computing Arctic Theme for Windows 7 Gives Your Desktop an Icy Touch Install LibreOffice via PPA and Receive Auto-Updates in Ubuntu Creative Portraits Peek Inside the Guts of Modern Electronics

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• Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit doesn't work on a win7 with check point full disk encryption

  - by Victor Rodriguez

  I installed Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit with the Wubi installer on a Windows 7 with Check Point Full Disk Encryption. The Wubi Installer runs without any trouble selecting the compatibility mode with WinXP and as Administrator. The problem is that after the installation is complete and the reboot done, when you restart the system, there's no option to start Ubuntu instead of Windows. I recently installed Ubuntu on other Win7 machines without any problem. But those laptops don't have the Check Point Full Disk Encryption. And when you restart the system you have the option to start in Ubuntu. If somebody has resolved this issue please share...!!! Regards! Víctor

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• fd partitions gone from 2 discs, md happy with it and resyncs. How to recover ?

  - by d0nd

  Hey gurus, need some help badly with this one. I run a server with a 6Tb md raid5 volume built over 7*1Tb disks. I've had to shut down the server lately and when it went back up, 2 out of the 7 disks used for the raid volume had lost its conf : dmesg : [ 10.184167] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 // System disk [ 10.202072] sdb: sdb1 [ 10.210073] sdc: sdc1 [ 10.222073] sdd: sdd1 [ 10.229330] sde: sde1 [ 10.239449] sdf: sdf1 [ 11.099896] sdg: unknown partition table [ 11.255641] sdh: unknown partition table All 7 disks have same geometry and were configured alike : dmesg : Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1e7481a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect All 7 disks (sdb1, sdc1, sdd1, sde1, sdf1, sdg1, sdh1) were used in a md raid5 xfs volume. When booting, md, which was (obviously) out of sync kicked in and automatically started rebuilding over the 7 disks, including the two "faulty" ones; xfs tried to do some shenanigans as well: dmesg : [ 19.566941] md: md0 stopped. [ 19.817038] md: bind<sdc1> [ 19.817339] md: bind<sdd1> [ 19.817465] md: bind<sde1> [ 19.817739] md: bind<sdf1> [ 19.817917] md: bind<sdh> [ 19.818079] md: bind<sdg> [ 19.818198] md: bind<sdb1> [ 19.818248] md: md0: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction [ 19.825259] raid5: device sdb1 operational as raid disk 0 [ 19.825261] raid5: device sdg operational as raid disk 6 [ 19.825262] raid5: device sdh operational as raid disk 5 [ 19.825264] raid5: device sdf1 operational as raid disk 4 [ 19.825265] raid5: device sde1 operational as raid disk 3 [ 19.825267] raid5: device sdd1 operational as raid disk 2 [ 19.825268] raid5: device sdc1 operational as raid disk 1 [ 19.825665] raid5: allocated 7334kB for md0 [ 19.825667] raid5: raid level 5 set md0 active with 7 out of 7 devices, algorithm 2 [ 19.825669] RAID5 conf printout: [ 19.825670] --- rd:7 wd:7 [ 19.825671] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb1 [ 19.825672] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc1 [ 19.825673] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd1 [ 19.825675] disk 3, o:1, dev:sde1 [ 19.825676] disk 4, o:1, dev:sdf1 [ 19.825677] disk 5, o:1, dev:sdh [ 19.825679] disk 6, o:1, dev:sdg [ 19.899787] PM: Starting manual resume from disk [ 28.663228] Filesystem "md0": Disabling barriers, not supported by the underlying device [ 28.663228] XFS mounting filesystem md0 [ 28.884433] md: resync of RAID array md0 [ 28.884433] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. [ 28.884433] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync. [ 28.884433] md: using 128k window, over a total of 976759936 blocks. [ 29.025980] Starting XFS recovery on filesystem: md0 (logdev: internal) [ 32.680486] XFS: xlog_recover_process_data: bad clientid [ 32.680495] XFS: log mount/recovery failed: error 5 [ 32.682773] XFS: log mount failed I ran fdisk and flagged sdg1 and sdh1 as fd. I tried to reassemble the array but it didnt work: no matter what was in mdadm.conf, it still uses sdg and sdh instead of sdg1 and sdh1. I checked in /dev and I see no sdg1 and and sdh1, shich explains why it wont use it. I just don't know why those partitions are gone from /dev and how to readd those... blkid : /dev/sda1: LABEL="boot" UUID="519790ae-32fe-4c15-a7f6-f1bea8139409" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda2: TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: LABEL="root" UUID="91390d23-ed31-4af0-917e-e599457f6155" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdb1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdc1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdd1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sde1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdf1: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdg: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" /dev/sdh: UUID="2802e68a-dd11-c519-e8af-0d8f4ed72889" TYPE="mdraid" fdisk -l : Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8c878c87 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 12 96358+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 13 134 979965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 135 4865 38001757+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1e7481a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc9bdc1e9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcc356c30 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe87f7a3d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb17a2d22 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdg: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8f3bce61 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdg1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdh: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa98062ce Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdh1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect I really dont know what happened nor how to recover from this mess. Needless to say the 5TB or so worth of data sitting on those disks are very valuable to me... Any idea any one? Did anybody ever experienced a similar situation or know how to recover from it ? Can someone help me? I'm really desperate... :x

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• Change permission to mount disk at rdesktop

  - by Tal

  I have ubuntu 10.04 and have installed rdesktop 1.7. I have run these commands: sudo umount /media/Tal sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/Tal rdesktop -0 -r sound:local -f -u administrator -r clipboard:PRIMARYCLIPBOARD -r disk:tal=/media/Tal myip Tal is external hard drive connecting at USB in ntfs file system. I connect to windows 7 I see the hard drive in computer and I can access to files and create new files and folders, But when I try to copy a new file to a folder he show me an error message: You need permission perform this action Your require permission from computer's administrator to make changes to this folder Tal on my computername Disk from Remote Desktop Connection. I try chmod and chown too but I read I linux forum when it ntfs is no use. Some one can help me with my problem?

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• details on USB stick boot disk creation

  - by Deborah Shadovitz

  I am looking at this: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu I need to create a boot disk to test Ubuntu to make sure it will run on a PC (Compaq Mini CQ10-120LA) I was given. I can create the boot disk off of a Mac (in English) or Windows (but Windows is in Spanish and foreign to me). Questions: 1) What format do I choose for the USB stick? (I wish the instructions stated this.) 2) What is Dash? (Will I know when I run the installer?) 3) Can I do this from a Mac or Windows computer? Or only from Ubuntu?

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• Unable to mount hard disk

  - by user101522

  I am unable to mount hard disk and got this message: Unable to mount 158 GB Filesystem Error mounting: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so From the terminal, I tried syslog - try: No command 'syslog' found, did you mean: Command 'dsyslog' from package 'dsyslog' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'sysklogd' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'inetutils-syslogd' (universe) Command 'syslogd' from package 'busybox-syslogd' (universe) syslog: command not found Also tried dmesg | tail: [ 971.390588] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 12 62 30 80 00 00 40 00 [ 971.390600] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 308424832 [ 971.390605] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424840) [ 971.390608] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424848) [ 971.390617] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424856) [ 971.390620] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424864) [ 971.390623] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424872) [ 971.390626] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424880) [ 971.390629] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424888) [ 971.390632] Read-error on swap-device (8:0:308424896) It was fine before I tried to re-install 12.04 from the live CD (which failed due to the disk problem).

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• Access secondary hard disk from Virtual Machine

  - by Frank V

  I have a fairly specific question. I had Ubuntu on my Laptop (for years). For a variety of reasons, I've had to switch to Windows but the computer has two hard drives. The main drive was reformatted and I've installed windows. The second hard drive still has the Linux system disk format (not sure on type). Obviously, windows can't access it but can I access it from a Virtual machine (VirtualBox) or will I need to load up a Live-Session to access / move the contents? Edit: If this is possible, how would one proceed to mount the disk?

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• Looking for fast, minimal, preferrably free disc cloning software [closed]

  - by Dave

  We have to test our application installation and functionality on many Windows operating system versions and languages (XP, Vista, Win7; English, Spanish, Portuguese, etc; 32-bit & b4-bit.) While we can do much of this in virtual machines, we have noticed that VM's sometimes hide problems, or raise false bugs. So, we need to do "bare metal" OS installation for much of our testing. I have been using Acronis True Image for the past year, and am not impressed. It often gives random errors which require a reboot, and is really slow. For example, when trying to restore an image, it goes through a "Locking partition" cycle about three times (once after you click OK on each step of the wizard), each of which can take 5 minutes to complete. This all happens BEFORE it actually starts the image copy, which is sometimes quick (3-5 minutes), sometimes long (hours). The size of all of our images are roughly the same, so that is not related. So, anyway, I'm looking to switch to something else: I only need very basic functionality--just creating images of entire discs, and then restoring those images onto the exact same hard drive at a later date. That's it. I'm not opposed to paying for a good piece of software, but if there is something free out there that does the job well, that would be a preference. My OS on which the imaging software would run is Windows Vista, but a bootable media (into a Linux flavor) would be fine also, as long as its quick to use and reliable. Recommendations? (Also, moderators, if this should be a CW, I'll be happy to mark it as such; unclear about the rules there.)

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