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• FreeBSD ZFS RAID-Z2 performance issues

  - by Axel Gneiting

  I'm trying to build my own network attached storage based on FreeBSD+ZFS+standard components, but there are strange performance issues. The hardware specs are: AMD Athlon II X2 240e processor ASUS M4A78LT-M LE mainboard 2GiB Kingston ECC DDR3 (two sticks) Intel Pro/1000 CT PCIe network adapter 5x Western Digital Caviar Green 1.5TB I created a RAID-Z2 zpool from all disks. I installed FreeBSD 8.1 on that zpool following the tutorial. The SATA controllers are running in AHCI mode. Output of zpool status: pool: zroot state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM zroot ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz2 ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/7ef815fc-eab6-11df-8ea4-001b2163266d ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/80344432-eab6-11df-8ea4-001b2163266d ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/81741ad9-eab6-11df-8ea4-001b2163266d ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/824af5cb-eab6-11df-8ea4-001b2163266d ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/82f98a65-eab6-11df-8ea4-001b2163266d ONLINE 0 0 0 The problem is that write performance on the pool is very very bad (<10 MB/s) and every application that is accessing the disk is unresponsive every few seconds when writing. It seems like writing is fine until the ZFS ark cache is full and then ZFS stalls the entire system I/O till it's finished writing that data. Also I'm getting kmem_malloc to small kernel panics. I've already tried to put vm.kmem_size="1500M" vm.kmem_size_max="1500M" into /boot/loader.conf, but it doesn't help. Does anyone know what's going on here? Am I really not having enough memory for ZFS to handle this RAID-Z2?

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• USB drive dead after stopping copying process on Snow Leopard Server

  - by Anriëtte Combrink

  Hi there I was copying to a flash drive from our Snow Leopard server when I stopped the copying process half way through. The device then disappeared from the Desktop. So I unplugged it and plugged it right back in. The device just didn't show up. I unplugged it and plugged it into a Windows XP machine as well as a Windows 7 machine. On both machines, I right clicked "My Computer" and selected "Manage…". On both PC's, the device was located under Removable Storage, but had no size and no drive letter. It shows up in "My Computer", but when I choose "Format…" from the right-click menu (context menu), it says the drive could not be formatted. Can someone please advise me? The flash drives is about 5 mins old and should have no reason to be dead. I really can't loose this drive (I don't need the data on it, I just need it to work again), any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• SQL Server 2008 Cluster Installation - First network name always fails

  - by boflynn

  I'm testing failover clustering in Windows Server 2008 to host a SQL Server 2008 installation using this installation guide. My base cluster is installed and working properly, as well as clustering the DTC service. However, when it comes time to install SQL Server, my first attempt at installation always fails with the same message and seems to "taint" the network name. For example, with my previous cluster attempt, I was installing SQL Server as VSQL. After approximately 15 attempts of installation and trying to resolve the errors, e.g. changing domain accounts for SQL, setting SPNs, etc., I typoed the network name as VQSL and the installation worked. Similarly on my current cluster, I tried installing with the SQL service named PROD-C1-DB and got the same errors as last time until I tried changing the name to anything else, e.g. PROD-C1-DB1, SQL, TEST, etc., at which point the install works. It will even install to VSQL now. While testing, my install routine was: Run setup.exe from patched media, selecting appropriate options After the install fails, I'd chose "Remove node from a SQL Server failover cluster" and remove the single, failed, node Attempt to diagnose problem, inspect event logs, etc. Delete the computer account that was created for the SQL Service from Active Directory Delete the MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER folder from the shared data drive The error message I receive from the SQL Server installer is: The following error has occurred: The cluster resource 'SQL Server' could not be brought online. Error: The group or resource is not in the correct state to perform the requested operation. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007139F) Along with hundreds of the following errors in the Application event log: [sqsrvres] checkODBCConnectError: sqlstate = 28000; native error = 4818; message = [Microsoft][SQL Server Native Client 10.0][SQL Server]Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. System configuration notes: Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition x64 SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition x64 using slipstreamed SP1+CU1 media Dell PowerEdge servers Fibre attached storage

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• Multiple Servers + One MailServer

  - by theomega

  Hy, I got several Linux-Servers (running Debian) where different services run: Database-Servers, Webservers, Applicationsservers, Tools and so on. All Servers are connected to the same internal network. There is also one special Server which is the Mail-Server: All Mailaccounts are stored on this server, it is also the outbound Mailserver for all the other servers. I want all Mails for all servers to get saved on the Mailserver. For example if an cron-job fails on one of the web-servers the mail should not be delivered to the local user but instead to the Mailserver so I get a centralized place for mail storage. How do you set up this scenario? My current setup is: Using postfix as MTA on the Mailserver and using ssmtp on all the other servers. SSMTP is configured to send the mails to the Mailserver. The Mailserver is configured to allow the whole internal network to relay mails using itself. Is this the right way to choose? I also thought about setting up a MTA (postfix) on every server and configure it somehow to forward the mails. What would be the advantage of this solution?

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• Exchange MSExchangeIS Mailbox Store Error

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  Boss asked me to check to see if I could figure out why he's had to restart the services on the Exchange server three mornings in a row now. While going through the system logs I ran across an error from the MSExchangeIs Mailbox Store, category General, Event 9690. The message said (edited to make generalized): Exchange store 'First Storage Group\Mailbox Store (Servername)': The logical size of this database (the logical size equals the physical size of the .edb file and the .stm file minus the logical free space in each) is 22GB. This database size has exceeded the size limit of 22 GB. This database will be dismounted immediately. Hmm...happened at five in the morning, and I'm thinking this is a pretty good hint that this leads to the culprit. Thing is I'm not an Exchange expert, so I'm still googling around to figure out how to fix the problem. Any better guidance out there? Or am I barking up the wrong binary tree? Exchange System Manager reports that the server is "version 6.5 build 7638.2, SP2", standard, which I believe is Exchange 2003. It's running on Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard, SP2.

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• Can I format a Veritas cluster shared volume from windows?

  - by spaghettidba

  We have a Microsoft Failover Cluster with dynamic disks managed by Veritas Storage Foundation. Today the sysadmins added a new disk for SQL Server but the cluster size on the volume was wrong, so I issued a quick format to change it. The disk volume failed, the SQL Server group failed as well and the cluster became unresponsive. After some minutes I managed to fail over to a passive node. The SAN admins say it's my fault because I shouldn't have formatted the disk from the Windows format applet, but I should have used Veritas Enterprise Administrator instead. Can a format operation bring offline a whole cluster group this way? Relevant error messages: From the eventlog: The cluster resource host subsystem (RHS) stopped unexpectedly. An attempt will be made to restart it. This is usually due to a problem in a resource DLL. Please determine which resource DLL is causing the issue and report the problem to the resource vendor. From the cluster.log ERR [RCM] rcm::RcmResControl::DoResourceControl: ERROR_RESOURCE_CALL_TIMED_OUT(5910)' because of 'Control(STORAGE_GET_DISK_INFO_EX) to resource 'NameOfTheDiskGroup' timed out.' Veritas Documentation: Excerpt from Symantec's documentation: Note: Before manually creating the resource, you must format the cluster-shared volume with NTFS using the VEA GUI and mount it on the node where you are trying to create the resource. Does this mean the disk cannot be formatted from Windows? I don't read it that way. For the record, I formatted many disks using the Windows applet in the past and nothing bad happened.

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• Converting An Older VMWare Image to ESXi

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  I have just installed VMWare ESXi and imported one physical machine without issue and one virtual machine, from an older version of VMWare Server on a Linux system, to it without issue. But I have another machine (Windows XP), virtual running on the VMWare Server, that I can't get the Converter to work with. Converter runs, says everything is fine, but when I go to the ESXi VSphere manager and hit the button to power up that vm, the console stays black with a blinking cursor and the processor for that VM spikes 100% and stays there. An event log item in VSphere warns something about activation issues with Windows. Has anyone else run into this issue before? Is it something with the disk controller? I copied the folder with the VM directly to the storage drive on ESXi hoping to create a new machine and point the data store to that folder or at least that drive image; nope, something about not using an IDE controller (must be something with the older format). In short, converter is doing something that particular machine doesn't like, and I can't find a way to simply open that hard disk image or convert it unless someone else has seen this. I try attaching a bootable CD image for disk repair to see if it can check the hard drive but I can't seem to get the console to boot from it...either too slow on the button or it just isn't able to easily boot from a virtual drive image (.iso). Any suggestions or help?

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• Hyper-v on 2012R2 startup gen1 vm causes the host to freeze up

  - by sputnik

  I've searched a lot to resolve the following issue, but nothing helped me. My problem is, that starting up a first-gen vm locks up the whole host. Only a hard reset helps. Second-gen vm starts and runs perfectly. The freezes happened on 3 different vms. FreeBSD, Ubuntu, Windows Server 2008R2, while Windows 8.1 on second gen config works perfectly. Im using this pc mainly as a workstation. No eventlog errors nor dumps are generated. My system: Windows Server 2012R2 FX-8350, non OC ASRock 870 Extreme R2 (Crappy board imho) 32GB DDR3 1866@1600 (My motherboard, against the "support" for 1866ram won't work with full speed) 120GB SSD 4.5TB Storage space device I dont think that its due to my system, because vmware workstation was running without problems. Did I forget to configure something? Any help is appreciated. P.S: Even deactivating C1E, C6, C&Q didnt work. P.P.S: With no virtual network adapter set, the system still locks up. Creating a first gen vm without any hdds and network and launching works. Attaching a boot dvd causes the host to freeze. The host freezes as the gen1 vm begins to boot, doesn't matter if from dvd or hdd

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• How can I change the default location/action of 'Open Outlook Data File' in Outlook 2010?

  - by Chadddada

  I have recently deployed a Remote Desktop Host server that functions as a remote Microsoft Office 2010 work space for users. In part of the locking down of this server I have installed all programs on the D: drive and, through the use of Group Policy, hidden all the drives on the server from standard users. In addition to hiding these drives I am not allowing users to save anything locally (on the server) or open Libraries. However one of the functions of the server is to provide the Outlook client. Often users will have the .PST file stored on a network location and want to open this in Outlook. Can I change the default action or location that File Open Open Outlook Data File looks or tries to pull the file from? The default location seems to be under Users / Libraries. When click 'Open' you get a warning: This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer. Clicking OK drops the user into a small menu that shows attached network drives under Computer. Can I instead have the 'Open' click drop the users in a defined network drive or just open computer and allow them to select a share? I don't want them to see the error message. A solution that looks to have been used for Office 2000/03 is: Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\<version>\Outlook Value name: ForceOSTPath Value type: REG_EXPAND_SZ Value: path to your storage folder I am not sure if there is a better way to do this now OR if this even works with Office 2010.

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• Optimizing Disk I/O & RAID on Windows SQL Server 2005

  - by David

  I've been monitoring our SQL server for a while, and have noticed that I/O hits 100% every so often using Task Manager and Perfmon. I have normally been able to correlate this spike with SUSPENDED processes in SQL Server Management when I execute "exec sp_who2". The RAID controller is controlled by LSI MegaRAID Storage Manager. We have the following setup: System Drive (Windows) on RAID 1 with two 280GB drives SQL is on a RAID 10 (2 mirroed drives of 280GB in two different spans) This is a database that is hammered during the day, but is pretty inactive at night. The DB size is currently about 13GB, and is used by approximately 200 (and growing) users a day. I have a couple of ideas I'm toying around with: Checking for Indexes & reindexing some tables Adding an additional RAID 1 (with 2 new, smaller, HDs) and moving the SQL's Log Data File (LDF) onto the new RAID. For #2, my question is this: Would we really be increasing disk performance (IO) by moving data off of the RAID 10 onto a RAID 1? RAID 10 obviously has better performance than RAID 1. Furthermore, SQL must write to the transaction logs before writing to the database. But on the flip side, we'll be reducing both the size of the disks as well as the amount of data written to the RAID 10, which is where all of the "meat" is - thereby increasing that RAID's performance for read requests. Is there any way to find out what our current limiting factor is? (The drives vs. the RAID Controller)? If the limiting factor is the drives, then maybe adding the additional RAID 1 makes sense. But if the limiting factor is the Controller itself, then I think we're approaching this thing wrong. Finally, are we just wasting our time? Should we instead be focusing our efforts towards #1 (reindexing tables, reducing network latency where possible, etc...)?

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• ESX hosts lose connectivity with iSCSI SAN LUNs

  - by Themist

  I've been experiencing this issue for a couple of months now where my ESX hosts lose connectivity with my iSCSI SAN vmfs volumes. As a results the ESX hosts enter a nonresponsive mode the associated VMs disconnect and the only remedy is to reboot the host. This issue happens randomly . I have escalated this issue with VMWare but I haven't had any solution to the issue yet. I see no errors on my switches and there are no hardware issues as well. My SAN infrastucture is solid and there are 2 paths for every vmfs volume. Did anybody else experienced a similar issue? edit: Here are some more details: The iSCSI SAN software is Datacore Sanmelody 2.0.4.2 running on 2 HP Proliant G5 servers. The storage attached to each of the servers is an HP MSA70 and all the iSCSI SAN Volumes that are presented to my 4 ESX hosts are mirrored. I have two iSCSI swithces HP Procurve 1800G-24 that are trunked together. My SANLELODY servers are using NC360T NICs. I team two NICs and have one cable connecting to each iSCSi switch. Each ESX server uses two NICs as well for the iSCSI Network.

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• Cannot increase Datastore

  - by k4w4zz

  Hello, We have an ESX 4.0 cluster with 2 hosts, EMC Clarion SAN storage with 10 LUNs. We have added 2 new 400 GB LUNs. All the LUNs are visible from both hosts. I have extended an existing 500 GB datastore with one of these 400 GB LUNs - the new datastore size is now 900 GB. I'd like to do the same operation with the second 400 GB LUN to extend another existing datastore but I'm not able to do it. The LUN is available to create a brand new datastore but is not visible to extend an existing one. I don't understand why everything was fine with the other one and why can't I do the same exact operation with this LUN. The result is the same on both hosts. The SAN admin have erased and re-created several times this LUN. I have rescan the HBA each time. In attachment you can find the result of the esxcfg-mpath -l and fdisk -l commands on both servers. Does somebody have an idea please?

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• What is the quickest reliable way to backup a NAS drive to a USB drive?

  - by Tim Murphy

  How would you backup 600+ GB of data on a NAS (Network-Attached Storage) drive to a USB external drive? The NAS drive does not contain mission critical data nonetheless I wish to make weekly copies of it just in case. The NAS drive is almost exclusively used as an archive dump and is rarely updated. However the backup strategy used must have a simple restore procedure so I can confidently say the data now on the NAS drive is exactly how it was at the time of backup. I did try xcopy but seemed like it would take many-many hours and eventually crashed with insufficient memory. http://www.ctunion.com/node/114 suggests I would need to use xxcopy instead due to folder/file name lengths. My concern with xcopy/xxcopy is the length of time it takes. Hoping something else is faster. NAS drive is DLink DNS-313. 1TB drive installed. Connected to router via Ethernet cable. USB drive is Seagate 1TB. Can be connected to Windows Vista (preferred) or Windows 7 PCs. Both PCs are usually connected Wirelessly however ethernet cable can be used during backup to speed up the process.

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• Intermittent NFS lockups on Isilon cluster

  - by blackbox222

  We have an Isilon cluster with 8 IQ 12000x nodes which exports storage via several NFS shares for a handful of Linux and Solaris clients. There is a Linux system that has one of these NFS filesystems mounted. I/O to this filesystem is moderately heavy from the Linux system. Every 3-4 weeks (it's not on any kind of discernible schedule, and sometimes is more/less frequent than this), we notice that all activity ceases on this NFS mount (the process hangs, as if the network stopped working so process is stuck in uninterruptible sleep) - 30 minutes later, the share recovers and things continue to work normally. The kernel log from the affected machine is as follows: Dec 3 10:07:29 redacted kernel: [8710020.871993] nfs: server nfs-redacted not responding, still trying Dec 3 10:37:17 redacted kernel: [8711805.966130] nfs: server nfs-redacted OK relevant /etc/fstab line: nfs-redacted:/ifs/nfs/export_data/shared/...redacted... /data nfs defaults 0 0 I've checked to see if there are any scheduled processes e.g. cron jobs, Isilon related functions e.g. snapshots, etc that might be causing these hangups but I can't seem to find anything. I'm also not aware of any network related issues or maintenance that would cause this. All of the lockups last almost exactly 30 minutes per the kernel logs. Perhaps someone has some suggestions I could try? (I considered a soft mount to avoid the problems associated with processes accessing the filesystem hanging; however am wary of the corruption that could result and it would not really solve the underlying issue anyway).

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• How can I format an SD card with a more robust Linux-usable filesystem with a specific cluster size for better write performace?

  - by Harvey

  Goal: microSD card formatted... for best write performance for use only with embedded Linux for better reliability (random power failures may occur) using an 64kB cluster size I'm using an 8GB microSD card for data storage inside an embedded Linux/ARM device. The SD card is not removable. I've been using ext3 instead of the pre-installed FAT32 because it seems to better handle random power failures during writes. However, I kept noticing that my write performance is always best with the pre-installed FAT32 from Kingston. If I reformat the card with FAT32, the performance still suffers. After browsing wikipedia, I stumbled upon the following comment saying that some cards are optimized for specific cluster sizes. In my case, the Kingston comes pre-formatted for an 64kB cluster size. Risks of reformatting Reformatting an SD card with a different file system, or even with the same one, may make the card slower, or shorten its lifespan. Some cards use wear leveling, in which frequently modified blocks are mapped to different portions of memory at different times, and some wear-leveling algorithms are designed for the access patterns typical of the file allocation table on a FAT16 or FAT32 device.[60] In addition, the preformatted file system may use a cluster size that matches the erase region of the physical memory on the card; reformatting may change the cluster size and make writes less efficient.

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• Cannot install CentOS 6.5 using UEFI usb boot

  - by Vaindil

  I am trying to dual-boot CentOS 6.5 on my desktop that is currently running Windows 8.1. I have two storage devices: an SSD that has my Windows installation, and an HDD that has all of my data. Both are formatted using GPT, and Windows boots using UEFI. I used the CentOS 6.5 live DVD (CentOS-6.5-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso) to create an EFI-bootable flash drive (it does boot properly in EFI mode). I receive an error, however, when CentOS is booting (error is below). I have a 6.4 boot DVD which boots as expected, but it does not boot in UEFI mode and therefore doesn't play nicely with my Windows installation (I have no way to access it, even using rEFInd or any other similar tools). What do I need to do to get the device to boot properly in UEFI mode? Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 Call Trace: [<ffffffff815271fa>] ? panic+0xa7/0x16f [<ffffffff81077622>] ? do_exit+0x862/0x870 [<ffffffff8118a865>] ? fput+0x25/0x30 [<ffffffff81077688>] ? do_group_exit+0x58/0xd0 [<ffffffff81077717>] ? sys_exit_group+0x17/0x20 [<ffffffff8100b072>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b drm_kms_helper: panic occurred, switching back to text console

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• No apparent reason for high load average

  - by Oz.

  We have several web servers running on Amazon (ec2) c1.xlarge, over Amazon AMI. The servers are duplicates of each other, running the exact same hardware and software. Each server spec is: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge A couple of weeks ago we have run a yum upgrade on one of the servers. Starting on this upgrade the upgraded server started showing a high load average. Needless to say, we did not update the other servers and we can not do so until we understand the reason for this behavior. The strange thing is that when we compare the servers using top or iostat, we can not find the reason for the high load. Note that we have moved traffic from the "problematic" server to the others, which have made the "problematic" server less crowded in terms of requests, and still his load is higher. Do you have any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help! Oz. # # proper server # w command # 00:42:26 up 2 days, 19:54, 2 users, load average: 0.41, 0.48, 0.49 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT pts/1 82.80.137.29 00:28 14:05 0.01s 0.01s -bash pts/2 82.80.137.29 00:38 0.00s 0.02s 0.00s w # # proper server # iostat command # Linux 3.2.12-3.2.4.amzn1.x86_64 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 9.03 0.02 4.26 0.17 0.13 86.39 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 1.63 1.50 55.00 367236 13444008 xvdfp1 4.41 45.93 70.48 11227226 17228552 xvdfp2 2.61 2.01 59.81 491890 14620104 xvdfp3 8.16 14.47 94.23 3536522 23034376 xvdfp4 0.98 0.79 45.86 192818 11209784 # # problematic server # w command # 00:43:26 up 2 days, 21:52, 2 users, load average: 1.35, 1.10, 1.17 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT pts/0 82.80.137.29 00:28 15:04 0.02s 0.02s -bash pts/1 82.80.137.29 00:38 0.00s 0.05s 0.00s w # # problematic server # iostat command # Linux 3.2.20-1.29.6.amzn1.x86_64 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 7.97 0.04 3.43 0.19 0.07 88.30 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 2.10 1.49 76.54 374660 19253592 xvdfp1 5.64 40.98 85.92 10308946 21612112 xvdfp2 3.97 4.32 93.18 1087090 23439488 xvdfp3 10.87 30.30 115.14 7622474 28961720 xvdfp4 1.12 0.28 65.54 71034 16487112

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• Fully FOSS EMail solution

  - by Ravi

  I am looking at various FOSS options to build a robust EMail solution for a government funded university. Commercial options are to be chosen only in the worst case scenario. Here are the requirements: Approx 1000-1500 users - Postfix or Exim? (Sendmail is out;-)) Mailing lists for different groups/Need web based archive - Mailman? Sympa? Centralised identity store - OpenLDAP? Fedora 389DS? Secure IMAP only - no POP3 required - Courier? Dovecot? Cyrus?? Anti Spam - SpamAssasin? what else? Calendaring - ?? webmail - good to have, not mandatory - needs to be very secure...so squirrelmail is out;-)? Other questions: What mailbox storage format to use? where to store? database/file system? Simple and effective HA options? Is there a web proxy equivalent to squid in the mail server world? software load balancers?CARP? Monitoring and alert? Backup? The govt wants to stimulate the local economy by buying hardware locally from whitebox vendors. Also local consultants and university students will do the integration. We looked at out-of-the-box integrated solutions like Axigen, Zimbra and GMail but each was ruled out in favour of a DIY approach in the hopes of full control over the data and avoiding vendor lockin - which i though was a smart thing to do. I wish more provincial governments in the developing world think of these sort of initiatives As for OS - Debian, FreeBSD would be first preference. Commercial OS's need not apply. CentOS as second tier option...

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• VMWare Setup with 2 Servers and a DAS (DELL MD3220)

  - by Kumala

  I am planning to use a VMWare based setup consisting of two VMWare servers (2 CPU, 256GB Memory) and a DAS (DELL MD3220 with 24x900GB disks). The virtual machines will be half running MS SQL databases (Application, Sharepoint, BI) and the other half of the VM will be file services, IIS. To enhance the capacity of the storage, we'll be adding a MD1220 enclosure with another 24x900GB to the MD3220. Both DAS will have 2 controllers. Our current measured IOPS is 1000 IOPS average, 7000 IOPS peak (those happen maybe twice per hour). We are in the planning phase now and are looking at the proper setup of the disks. The intention is to setup up both DAS one of the DAS with RAID 10 only and the other DAS with RAID 5. That will allow us to put the applications on the DAS that supports the application performance needs best. Question is how best to partition the two DASs to get best possible IOPS/MBps, each DAS will have to have 2 hot spares? For the RAID 5 Setup: Generally speaking, would it be better to have one single disk group across all 22 disks (24 - 2 hot spares) with both controllers assigned to the one disk group or is it better to have 2 disk groups each 11 disks, assigned to one of the two controllers? Same question for the RAID 10 setup: The plan is: 2 disks for logs (Raid 1), 2 Hotspare and 20 disks for RAID 10. Option 1: 5 * 4 disks (RAID 10), with two groups assigned to 1 controller and 3 groups to the other controller Option 2: One large RAID 10 across all the disks and have both controllers assigned to the same group? I would assume that there is no right or wrong, but it all depends very much on the specific application behaviour, so I am looking for some general ideas what the pros and cons are of the different options. IF there are other meaningful options, feel free to propose them.

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• Multiple static WAN IP addresses to single LAN subnet

  - by Jessy Houle

  Below is my home network topology. I currently have 5 static IP addresses, 3 of which are in use by 3 routers. These routers in-turn subnet internal networks and port forward. I use my SSL VPN appliance to remote home from work or on the road. At this point I can remotely administer my Windows Server. I know the network is setup wrong, I was matching existing hardware the best I knew how. http://storage.jessyhoule.com.s3.amazonaws.com/network_topology.jpg Ok this said, here is the problem... One of my websites on my Windows Server now needs to be secure (SSL using port 443). However, I'm already port forwarding port 443 to my VPN appliance. Furthermore, if I'm going to have to reconfigure the network, I would really like to be able to use the SSL VPN to remotely administer all machines. I mentioned this to a friend of mine, who said that what I was looking for was a firewall. Explaining that a firewall would take in multiple static (WAN) IP addresses, and still allow all internal devices to be on the same network. So, basically, I could supply my SSL VPN appliance it's very own static (WAN) IP address routing, and yet have it on the same internal network (192.168.1.x) as all my other devices. The first question is... Does this sound right? Secondly, would you suggest anything different? And, finally, what is the cheapest way to do this? I am started down the road of downloading/installing untangle and smoothwall to see if they will do the job, hoping they take multiple static (WAN) IP addresses. Thank you in advance for your answers. -Jessy Houle

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• Understanding RedHats recommended tuned profiles

  - by espenfjo

  We are going to roll out tuned (and numad) on ~1000 servers, the majority of them being VMware servers either on NetApp or 3Par storage. According to RedHats documentation we should choose the virtual-guestprofile. What it is doing can be seen here: tuned.conf We are changing the IO scheduler to NOOP as both VMware and the NetApp/3Par should do sufficient scheduling for us. However, after investigating a bit I am not sure why they are increasing vm.dirty_ratio and kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns. As far as I have understood increasing increasing vm.dirty_ratio to 40% will mean that for a server with 20GB ram, 8GB can be dirty at any given time unless vm.dirty_writeback_centisecsis hit first. And while flushing these 8GB all IO for the application will be blocked until the dirty pages are freed. Increasing the dirty_ratio would probably mean higher write performance at peaks as we now have a larger cache, but then again when the cache fills IO will be blocked for a considerably longer time (Several seconds). The other is why they are increasing the sched_min_granularity_ns. If I understand it correctly increasing this value will decrease the number of time slices per epoch(sched_latency_ns) meaning that running tasks will get more time to finish their work. I can understand this being a very good thing for applications with very few threads, but for eg. apache or other processes with a lot of threads would this not be counter-productive?

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• Virtual Fileserver

  - by Sergei

  Hi, We are planning to move our production servers to the datacenter and virtualize remaining servers in the process.Datacenter will have HP blades with vSphere on top.Currentliy we are using Celerra NS20 as fileserver.Since datacenter is using HP kit and EVA 4400 as SAN, we cannot have Celerra there, as EMC supoprt for Celerra does not work for non EMC array. I have searched for possible options and one of them was to have HP NAS blade X3800sb instead of Celerra.However this seems like overkill for me.We are only using Celerra for about 100 users and 50 servers and I think having X3800sb could be waste of resources. The other option would be to have a virtual fileserver as a part of vmware environment in datacenter.We only need CIFS to be provided.The only option I can think of is Windows Storage server.We had a bad expirience with Windows servers used as fileservers ( memory leaks one thing) in the past and this was one of the reasons we moved to Celerra. What are the other options?We need something as reliable as Celerra with as many options as possible.For example , Celerra has per folder quotas, deduplication, dynamic volume allocation, automatic failover, VTLU, replication. Also we would need to replicate NAS data to the failover site.We could use block level replication , SAN-to-SAN, but this would mean wasted bandwidth, as we need only subset of folders to be replicated.We used CA XSoft for windows servers in the past and Celerra has option for Celerra replication. Thank you very much in advance, Please ask me if I missed any details!

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• No clue for high load average on top

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 16 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st(see below). Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help. # # top # top - 07:57:42 up 4:18, 1 user, load average: 1.36, 1.45, 1.47 Tasks: 131 total, 1 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 7120092k total, 5644920k used, 1475172k free, 532888k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3463936k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1557 mysql 20 0 1829m 374m 6448 S 14.3 5.4 11:15.09 mysqld 6655 apache 20 0 416m 49m 3744 S 9.3 0.7 0:04.85 httpd 27683 apache 20 0 421m 54m 3708 S 9.0 0.8 0:00.99 httpd 6682 apache 20 0 424m 57m 3788 S 8.3 0.8 0:03.81 httpd 16816 apache 20 0 419m 51m 3760 S 4.3 0.7 0:04.09 httpd 22182 apache 20 0 417m 50m 3756 S 1.7 0.7 0:06.34 httpd 219 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.34 kworker/7:1 699 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.40 kworker/3:1 1 root 20 0 19376 1508 1212 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.71 ksoftirqd/0

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• Configuring ZenOSS to monitor CPU load

  - by Tom

  I'm trying test out monitoring tools for a network at work with a coworker but neither of us have ever used an sort of monitoring tools before. Currently we are experimenting with ZenOSS and having some difficulties. We want to populate our CPU load graphs because that is one of the primary feature we are looking for in our monitoring tools but we have been unable to populate the graphs with data. So far we have installed the wmipreformance, sqldatasource, wmidatasource, snmpperformance(simple) zenpacks and the machine we are trying to monitor is running Windows XP. We have tried to model the device and everything seems to run and we've tride to add data points to graphs but the only options we recieve for graphs are CPU and Memory. We are able to monitor services, ZenOSS recognizes the make and model of the processor, RAM, and Harddrive and is even giving us metrics on available storage but again, we are looking for performance metrics such as CPU load and Memory utilization. I realize I probably didn't provide a lot of information but that is because we don't have a very good idea of what we are doing and can't find instruction either on the ZenOSS homepage or forums to monitor CPU load. If someone could give us step by step instruction on how to set up CPU load monitoring that would probably be more beneficial to us than a diagnostic of our current setup, but regardless, if I left any important information out and you need it to answer the question, please let me know. Thank you.

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