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• Question about effective logging in C#

  - by MartyIX

  I've written a simple class for debugging and I call the method Debugger.WriteLine(...) in my code like this: Debugger.WriteLine("[Draw]", "InProgress", "[x,y] = " + x.ToString("0.00") + ", " + y.ToString("0.00") + "; pos = " + lastPosX.ToString() + "x" + lastPosY.ToString() + " -> " + posX.ToString() + "x" + posY.ToString() + "; SS = " + squareSize.ToString() + "; MST = " + startTime.ToString("0.000") + "; Time = " + time.ToString() + phase.ToString(".0000") + "; progress = " + progress.ToString("0.000") + "; step = " + step.ToString() + "; TimeMovementEnd = " + UI.MovementEndTime.ToString()); The body of the procedure Debugger.WriteLine is compiled only in Debug mode (directives #if, #endif). What makes me worry is that I often need ToString() in Debugger.WriteLine call which is costly because it creates still new strings (for changing number for example). How to solve this problem? A few points/questions about debugging/tracing: I don't want to wrap every Debugger.WriteLine in an IF statement or to use preprocessor directives in order to leave out debugging methods because it would inevitable lead to a not very readable code and it requires too much typing. I don't want to use any framework for tracing/debugging. I want to try to program it myself. Are Trace methods (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.diagnostics.trace.aspx) left out if compiling in release mode? If it is so is it possible that my methods would behave similarly? http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fht0f5be.aspx output = String.Format("You are now {0} years old.", years); Which seems nice. Is it a solution for my problem with ToString()?

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• Java method keyword "final" and its use

  - by Lukas Eder

  When I create complex type hierarchies (several levels, several types per level), I like to use the final keyword on methods implementing some interface declaration. An example: interface Garble { int zork(); } interface Gnarf extends Garble { /** * This is the same as calling {@link #zblah(0)} */ int zblah(); int zblah(int defaultZblah); } And then abstract class AbstractGarble implements Garble { @Override public final int zork() { ... } } abstract class AbstractGnarf extends AbstractGarble implements Gnarf { // Here I absolutely want to fix the default behaviour of zblah // No Gnarf shouldn't be allowed to set 1 as the default, for instance @Override public final int zblah() { return zblah(0); } // This method is not implemented here, but in a subclass @Override public abstract int zblah(int defaultZblah); } I do this for several reasons: It helps me develop the type hierarchy. When I add a class to the hierarchy, it is very clear, what methods I have to implement, and what methods I may not override (in case I forgot the details about the hierarchy) I think overriding concrete stuff is bad according to design principles and patterns, such as the template method pattern. I don't want other developers or my users do it. So the final keyword works perfectly for me. My question is: Why is it used so rarely in the wild? Can you show me some examples / reasons where final (in a similar case to mine) would be very bad?

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• Is this a right way to use NHibernate?

  - by Venemo

  I spent the rest of the evening reading StackOverflow questions and also some blog entries and links about the subject. All of them turned out to be very helpful, but I still feel that they don't really answer my question. So, I'm developing a simple web application. I'd like to create a reusable data access layer which I can later reuse in other solutions. 99% of these will be web applications. This seems to be a good excuse for me to learn NHibernate and some of the patterns around it. My goals are the following: I don't want the business logic layer to know ANYTHING about the inner workings of the database, nor NHibernate itself. I want the business logic layer to have the least possible number of assumptions about the data access layer. I want the data access layer as simplistic and easy-to-use as possible. This is going to be a simple project, so I don't want to overcomplicate anything. I want the data access layer to be as non-intrusive as possible. Will all this in mind, I decided to use the popular repository pattern. I read about this subject on this site and on various dev blogs, and I heard some stuff about the unit of work pattern. I also looked around and checked out various implementations. (Including FubuMVC contrib, and SharpArchitecture, and stuff on some blogs.) I found out that most of these operate with the same principle: They create a "unit of work" which is instantiated when a repository is instantiated, they start a transaction, do stuff, and commit, and then start all over again. So, only one ISession per Repository and that's it. Then the client code needs to instantiate a repository, do stuff with it, and then dispose. This usage pattern doesn't meet my need of being as simplistic as possible, so I began thinking about something else. I found out that NHibernate already has something which makes custom "unit of work" implementations unnecessary, and that is the CurrentSessionContext class. If I configure the session context correctly, and do the clean up when necessary, I'm good to go. So, I came up with this: I have a static class called NHibernateHelper. Firstly, it has a static property called CurrentSessionFactory, which upon first call, instantiates a session factory and stores it in a static field. (One ISessionFactory per one AppDomain is good enough.) Then, more importantly, it has a CurrentSession static property, which checks if there is an ISession bound to the current session context, and if not, creates one, and binds it, and it returns with the ISession bound to the current session context. Because it will be used mostly with WebSessionContext (so, one ISession per HttpRequest, although for the unit tests, I configured ThreadStaticSessionContext), it should work seamlessly. And after creating and binding an ISession, it hooks an event handler to the HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.EndRequest event, which takes care of cleaning up the ISession after the request ends. (Of course, it only does this if it is really running in a web environment.) So, with all this set up, the NHibernateHelper will always be able to return a valid ISession, so there is no need to instantiate a Repository instance for the "unit of work" to operate properly. Instead, the Repository is a static class which operates with the ISession from the NHibernateHelper.CurrentSession property, and exposes some functionality through that. I'm curious, what do you think about this? Is it a valid way of thinking, or am I completely off track here?

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• How to find the first declaring method for a reference method

  - by Oliver Gierke

  Suppose you have a generic interface and an implementation: public interface MyInterface<T> { void foo(T param); } public class MyImplementation<T> implements MyInterface<T> { void foo(T param) { } } These two types are frework types. In the next step I want allow users to extend that interface as well as redeclare foo(T param) to maybe equip it with further annotations. public interface MyExtendedInterface extends MyInterface<Bar> { @Override void foo(Bar param); // Further declared methods } I create an AOP proxy for the extended interface and intercept especially the calls to furtherly declared methods. As foo(…) is no redeclared in MyExtendedInterface I cannot execute it by simply invoking MethodInvocation.proceed() as the instance of MyImplementation only implements MyInterface.foo(…) and not MyExtendedInterface.foo(…). So is there a way to get access to the method that declared a method initially? Regarding this example is there a way to find out that foo(Bar param) was declared in MyInterface originally and get access to the accoriding Method instance? I already tried to scan base class methods to match by name and parameter types but that doesn't work out as generics pop in and MyImplementation.getMethod("foo", Bar.class) obviously throws a NoSuchMethodException. I already know that MyExtendedInterface types MyInterface to Bar. So If I could create some kind of "typed view" on MyImplementation my math algorithm could work out actually.

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• How do I prevent a C# method from executing using an attribute validator?

  - by Boydski

  I'd like to create an attribute-based validator that goes a few steps beyond what I've seen in examples. It'll basically prevent methods or other functionality from executing. Please be aware that I'm having to use AzMan since I have no availability to Active Directory in this scenario. Here's some pseudo code of what what I'm looking for: // Attribute validator class AttributeUsage is arbitrary at this point and may include other items [AttributeUsage( AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true )] public class PermissionsValidatorAttribute : Attribute { public PermissionsValidatorAttribute(PermissionEnumeration permission){...} public bool UserCanCreateAndEdit(){...} public bool UserCanDelete(){...} public bool UserCanUpload(){...} } Here's a sample of a class/member that'll be decorated. The method will not be executed at all if the PermissionValidator.UserCanDelete() doesn't return true from wherever it's executed: public class DoStuffNeedingPermissions { [PermissionValidator(PermissionEnumeration.MustHaveDeletePermission)] public void DeleteSomething(){...} } I know this is a simple, incomplete example. But you should get the gist of what I'm needing. Make the assumption that DeleteSomething() already exists and I'm preferring to NOT modify the code within the method at all. I'm currently looking at things like the Validation Application Block and am messing with custom attribute POC's. But I'd love to hear opinions with code samples from everyone out there. I'm also certainly not opposed to other methods of accomplishing the same thing such as extension methods or whatever may work to accomplish the same thing. Please remember I'm making the attempt to minimize changes to existing DoStuffNeedingPermissions code. Thanks everyone!

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• Trying to sentinel loop this program.

  - by roger34

  Okay, I spent all this time making this for class but I have one thing that I can't quite get: I need this to sentinel loop continuously (exiting upon entering x) so that the System.out.println("What type of Employee? Enter 'o' for Office " + "Clerical, 'f' for Factory, or 's' for Saleperson. Enter 'x' to exit." ); line comes back up after they enter the first round of information. Also, I can't leave this up long on the (very) off chance a classmate might see this and steal the code. Full code following: import java.util.Scanner; public class Project1 { public static void main (String args[]){ Scanner inp = new Scanner( System.in ); double totalPay; System.out.println("What type of Employee? Enter 'o' for Office " + "Clerical, 'f' for Factory, or 's' for Saleperson. Enter 'x' to exit." ); String response= inp.nextLine(); while (!response.toLowerCase().equals("o")&&!response.toLowerCase().equals("f") &&!response.toLowerCase().equals("s")&&!response.toLowerCase().equals("x")){ System.out.print("\nInvalid selection,please enter your choice again:\n"); response=inp.nextLine(); } char choice = response.toLowerCase().charAt( 0 ); switch (choice){ case 'o': System.out.println("Enter your hourly rate:"); double officeRate=inp.nextDouble(); System.out.println("Enter the number of hours worked:"); double officeHours=inp.nextDouble(); totalPay = officeCalc(officeRate,officeHours); taxCalc(totalPay); break; case 'f': System.out.println("How many Widgets did you produce during the week?"); double widgets=inp.nextDouble(); totalPay=factoryCalc(widgets); taxCalc(totalPay); break; case 's': System.out.println("What were your total sales for the week?"); double totalSales=inp.nextDouble(); totalPay=salesCalc(totalSales); taxCalc(totalPay); break; } } public static double taxCalc(double totalPay){ double federal=totalPay*.22; double state =totalPay*.055; double netPay = totalPay - federal - state; federal =federal*Math.pow(10,2); federal =Math.round(federal); federal= federal/Math.pow(10,2); state =state*Math.pow(10,2); state =Math.round(state); state= state/Math.pow(10,2); totalPay =totalPay*Math.pow(10,2); totalPay =Math.round(totalPay); totalPay= totalPay/Math.pow(10,2); netPay =netPay*Math.pow(10,2); netPay =Math.round(netPay); netPay= netPay/Math.pow(10,2); System.out.printf("\nTotal Pay \t: %1$.2f.\n", totalPay); System.out.printf("State W/H \t: %1$.2f.\n", state); System.out.printf("Federal W/H : %1$.2f.\n", federal); System.out.printf("Net Pay \t: %1$.2f.\n", netPay); return totalPay; } public static double officeCalc(double officeRate,double officeHours){ double overtime=0; if (officeHours>=40) overtime = officeHours-40; else overtime = 0; if (officeHours >= 40) officeHours = 40; double otRate = officeRate * 1.5; double totalPay= (officeRate * officeHours) + (otRate*overtime); return totalPay; } public static double factoryCalc(double widgets){ double totalPay=widgets*.35 +300; return totalPay; } public static double salesCalc(double totalSales){ double totalPay = totalSales * .05 + 500; return totalPay; } }

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• How do I use Google's Gson API to deserialize JSON properly?

  - by FK82

  Hi, In short, this is a sketch of the JSON object I want to parse in JAVA: { object1: { item1: //[String | Array | Object] , item2: // ... //<> more items object2: { // } //<> more objects } These are the POJO s I created for parsing (I'll leave out the import statements for brevity's sake): (1) The representation of the complete JSON object public class JObjectContainer { private List<JObject> jObjects ; public JObjectContainer() { // } //get & set methods } (2) The representation of the nested objects: public class JObject { private String id ; private List<JNode> jObjects ; public JObject() { // } //get & set methods } (3) The representation of the items: public class JNode { private JsonElement item1 ; private JsonElement item2 ; //<> more item fields public JNode() { // } //get & set methods } Now, creating a Gson instance (FileReader for importing the jsonFile), Gson gson = new Gson() ; JObjectContainer joc = gson(jsonFile,JObjectContainer.class) ; I get a NullPointerException whenever I try to access the parseable object (e.g. through a ListIterator). Gson does however create an object of the class I specified and does not throw any subsequent errors. I know that this has been done before. So, what am I missing? TIA

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• My Core Animation block isn't working like I'd expect

  - by Alex Reynolds

  I have a UIView called activityView, which contains two subviews activityIndicator and cancelOperationsButton. These views are embedded in a XIB and wired up to my view controller. I have two methods that deal with activating (showing) and deactivating (hiding) these two subviews: - (void) enableActivityIndicator { [activityIndicator startAnimating]; [cancelOperationsButton setHidden:NO]; } - (void) disableActivityIndicator { [activityIndicator stopAnimating]; [cancelOperationsButton setHidden:YES]; } By themselves, these two methods work fine. To give this a bit of polish, I'd like to add an animation that fades these subviews in and out: - (void) enableActivityIndicator { [activityIndicator startAnimating]; [cancelOperationsButton setHidden:NO]; [UIView beginAnimations:@"fadeIn" context:nil]; [UIView setAnimationDelay:0.0f]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0f]; [UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn]; activityView.alpha = 1.0f; [UIView commitAnimations]; } - (void) disableActivityIndicator { [UIView beginAnimations:@"fadeOut" context:nil]; [UIView setAnimationDelay:0.0f]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0f]; [UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseOut]; activityView.alpha = 0.0f; [UIView commitAnimations]; [activityIndicator stopAnimating]; [cancelOperationsButton setHidden:YES]; } But the animations are not working — the subviews just show up or disappear without the parent view's alpha property having an effect on transparency. How should I write these methods to get the fade-in, fade-out effect I am after?

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• Another IE Issue with AJAX

  - by Nik

  Alright, This code works in every browser except IE (again, to be expected). The code is supposed to refresh based on setInterval, and does so normally in all other browsers except IE, which just doesn't refresh. Can you spot the problem? var nick = document.getElementById("chatnick").value; var sessid = document.getElementById("sessid").value; var room = document.getElementById("roomid").value; function user_read() { $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "methods.php", data: {method: "u", room: room}, dataType: "html", success: function (data, status, xhr) { $("#userwindow").html(data); setTimeout(user_read, 10000); } }); } function ajax_read() { $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "methods.php", data: {method: "r", room: room}, dataType: "html", success: function (data, status, xhr) { $("#chatwindow").html(data); setTimeout(ajax_read, 400); } }); } function submit_msg() { var msg = document.getElementById("chatmsg").value; $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "methods.php", data: {method: "w", room: room, m: msg, n: nick, sessid: sessid}, dataType: "html", success: function (data, status, xhr) { } }); document.getElementById("chatmsg").value = ""; } function keyup(arg1) { if (arg1 == 13) submit_msg(); } setTimeout(function(){ajax_read();}, 400); user_read();

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• Using Doctrine to abstract CRUD operations

  - by TomWilsonFL

  This has bothered me for quite a while, but now it is necessity that I find the answer. We are working on quite a large project using CodeIgniter plus Doctrine. Our application has a front end and also an admin area for the company to check/change/delete data. When we designed the front end, we simply consumed most of the Doctrine code right in the controller: //In semi-pseudocode function register() { $data = get_post_data(); if (count($data) && isValid($data)) { $U = new User(); $U->fromArray($data); $U->save(); $C = new Customer(); $C->fromArray($data); $C->user_id = $U->id; $C->save(); redirect_to_next_step(); } } Obviously when we went to do the admin views code duplication began and considering we were in a "get it DONE" mode so it now stinks with code bloat. I have moved a lot of functionality (business logic) into the model using model methods, but the basic CRUD does not fit there. I was going to attempt to place the CRUD into static methods, i.e. Customer::save($array) [would perform both insert and update depending on if prikey is present in array], Customer::delete($id), Customer::getObj($id = false) [if false, get all data]. This is going to become painful though for 32 model objects (and growing). Also, at times models need to interact (as the interaction above between user data and customer data), which can't be done in a static method without breaking encapsulation. I envision adding another layer to this (exposing web services), so knowing there are going to be 3 "controllers" at some point I need to encapsulate this CRUD somewhere (obviously), but are static methods the way to go, or is there another road? Your input is much appreciated.

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• Java calendar getting weekdays not working

  - by Raptrex

  I am trying to get this to output all the weekdays (MON-FRI) between 5/16/2010 (a sunday) and 5/25/2010 (a tuesday). The correct output should be 17,18,19,20,21,24,25. However, the result im getting is 17,18,19,20,21,17,18,19. The other methods just split up the string the date is in import java.util.*; public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { String startTime = "5/16/2010 11:44 AM"; String endTime = "5/25/2010 12:00 PM"; GregorianCalendar startCal = new GregorianCalendar(); startCal.setLenient(true); String[] start = splitString(startTime); //this sets year, month day startCal.set(Integer.parseInt(start[2]),Integer.parseInt(start[0])-1,Integer.parseInt(start[1])); startCal.set(GregorianCalendar.HOUR, Integer.parseInt(start[3])); startCal.set(GregorianCalendar.MINUTE, Integer.parseInt(start[4])); if (start[5].equalsIgnoreCase("AM")) { startCal.set(GregorianCalendar.AM_PM, 0); } else { startCal.set(GregorianCalendar.AM_PM, 1); } GregorianCalendar endCal = new GregorianCalendar(); endCal.setLenient(true); String[] end = splitString(endTime); endCal.set(Integer.parseInt(end[2]),Integer.parseInt(end[0])-1,Integer.parseInt(end[1])); endCal.set(GregorianCalendar.HOUR, Integer.parseInt(end[3])); endCal.set(GregorianCalendar.MINUTE, Integer.parseInt(end[4])); if (end[5].equalsIgnoreCase("AM")) { endCal.set(GregorianCalendar.AM_PM, 0); } else { endCal.set(GregorianCalendar.AM_PM, 1); } for (int i = startCal.get(Calendar.DATE); i < endCal.get(Calendar.DATE); i++) { startCal.set(Calendar.DATE, i); startCal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, i); if (startCal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) == Calendar.MONDAY || startCal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) == Calendar.TUESDAY || startCal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) == Calendar.WEDNESDAY || startCal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) == Calendar.THURSDAY || startCal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) == Calendar.FRIDAY) { System.out.println("\t" + startCal.get(Calendar.DATE)); } } } private static String[] splitDate(String date) { String[] temp1 = date.split(" "); // split by space String[] temp2 = temp1[0].split("/"); // split by / //5/21/2010 10:00 AM return temp2; // return 5 21 2010 in one array } private static String[] splitTime(String date) { String[] temp1 = date.split(" "); // split by space String[] temp2 = temp1[1].split(":"); // split by : //5/21/2010 10:00 AM String[] temp3 = {temp2[0], temp2[1], temp1[2]}; return temp3; // return 10 00 AM in one array } private static String[] splitString(String date) { String[] temp1 = splitDate(date); String[] temp2 = splitTime(date); String[] temp3 = new String[6]; return dateFill(temp3, temp2[0], temp2[1], temp2[2], temp1[0], temp1[1], temp1[2]); } private static String[] dateFill(String[] date, String hours, String minutes, String ampm, String month, String day, String year) { date[0] = month; date[1] = day; date[2] = year; date[3] = hours; date[4] = minutes; date[5] = ampm; return date; } private String dateString(String[] date) { //return month+" "+day+", "+year+" "+hours+":"+minutes+" "+ampm //5/21/2010 10:00 AM return date[3]+"/"+date[4]+"/ "+date[5]+" "+date[0]+":"+date[1]+" "+date[2]; } }

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• Dependecy Injection with Massive ORM: dynamic trouble

  - by Sergi Papaseit

  I've started working on an MVC 3 project that needs data from an enormous existing database. My first idea was to go ahead and use EF 4.1 and create a bunch of POCO's to represent the tables I need, but I'm starting to think the mapping will get overly complicated as I only need some of the columns in some of the tables. (thanks to Steven for the clarification in the comments. So I thought I'd give Massive ORM a try. I normally use a Unit of Work implementation so I can keep everything nicely decoupled and can use Dependency Injection. This is part of what I have for Massive: public interface ISession { DynamicModel CreateTable<T>() where T : DynamicModel, new(); dynamic Single<T>(string where, params object[] args) where T : DynamicModel, new(); dynamic Single<T>(object key, string columns = "*") where T : DynamicModel, new(); // Some more methods supported by Massive here } And here's my implementation of the above interface: public class MassiveSession : ISession { public DynamicModel CreateTable<T>() where T : DynamicModel, new() { return new T(); } public dynamic Single<T>(string where, params object[] args) where T: DynamicModel, new() { var table = CreateTable<T>(); return table.Single(where, args); } public dynamic Single<T>(object key, string columns = "*") where T: DynamicModel, new() { var table = CreateTable<T>(); return table.Single(key, columns); } } The problem comes with the First(), Last() and FindBy() methods. Massive is based around a dynamic object called DynamicModel and doesn't define any of the above method; it handles them through a TryInvokeMethod() implementation overriden from DynamicObject instead: public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result) { } I'm at a loss on how to "interface" those methods in my ISession. How could my ISession provide support for First(), Last() and FindBy()? Put it another way, how can I use all of Massive's capabilities and still be able to decouple my classes from data access?

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• Change classes instantiated with loadNibNamed

  - by Nick H247

  I am trying to change the class of objects created with a nib with the iPhone SDK. The reason for this is; i dont know until runtime what the class is that i want the nib object to be (though they will have the same UIView based super class), and i dont want to create a different nib for every eventuality - as the .nib will be the same for each, apart from the class of one object. I have been successful, with a couple of methods, but either have some knock on effects or am unsure of how safe the methods I have used are: Method 1: Override alloc, on the super class and set a c variable to the class I require: + (id) alloc { if (theClassIWant) { id object = [theClassIWant allocWithZone:NSDefaultMallocZone()]; theClassIWant = nil; return object; } return [BaseClass allocWithZone:NSDefaultMallocZone()]; } this works well, and i assume is 'reasonably' safe, though if I alloc a subclass myself (without setting 'theClassIWant') - an object of the base class is created. I also dont really like the idea of overriding alloc... Method 2: use object_setClass(self,theClassIWant) in initWithCoder (before calling initWithCoder on the super class): - (id) initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder { if (theClassIWant) { // the framework doesn't like this: //[self release]; //self = [theClassIWant alloc]; // whoa now! object_setClass(self,theClassIWant); theClassIWant = nil; return [self initWithCoder:aDecoder]; } if (self = [super initWithCoder:aDecoder]) { ... this also works well, but not all the subclasses are necessarily going to be the same size as the super class, so this could be very unsafe! To combat this i tried releasing and re-allocing to the correct type within initWithCoder, but i got the following error from the framework: "This coder requires that replaced objects be returned from initWithCoder:" dont quite get what this means! i am replacing an object in initWithCoder... Any comments on the validity of these methods, or suggestions of improvements or alternatives welcome!

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• iPhone SDK allow touches to affect multiple views

  - by Parad0x13

  I have a main view that has has two buttons on it that control methods to display the next image and display the previous image. In this case the 'Image' is a class that inherits from UIImageView and has multiple pictures on it that you can interact with, and I call this class a 'Pane'. The pane itself handles all the user interaction itself while the main view controls the display of next and previous panes with the buttons. Here is my dilemma, because the pane fully covers the main view it wont allow for the user to tap the buttons on the main view! So once a pane pops up you cannot change it via the buttons! Is there a way to allow touches through transparent parts of a view, or if not how in the world do I achieve this?! I cannot pass touchesBegan or any of those methods from the pane to the superview because all of the button touch methods are created in the xib file. I cannot insert the pane under the control panel because then you wouldn't be able to interact with the pane. And as far as I know theres no way to pass touch events to every single pane within the paneHoldingArray that belongs to the main view I cannot add the command buttons inside of the pane because I want to be able to replace the command button's image with a thumbprint render of the next/previous pane. I've been stuck on this for a very long time, please somebody help me out with a fix action or a new way to re-engineer the code so that it will work!

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• What am I doing wrong with this use of StructLayout( LayoutKind.Explicit ) when calling a PInvoke st

  - by csharptest.net

  The following is a complete program. It works fine as long as you don't uncomment the '#define BROKEN' at the top. The break is due to a PInvoke failing to marshal a union correctly. The INPUT_RECORD structure in question has a number of substructures that might be used depending on the value in EventType. What I don't understand is that when I define only the single child structure of KEY_EVENT_RECORD it works with the explicit declaration at offset 4. But when I add the other structures at the same offset the structure's content get's totally hosed. //UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT: //#define BROKEN using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; class ConIOBroken { static void Main() { int nRead = 0; IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /*STD_INPUT_HANDLE*/); Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': "); INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD(); do { ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead); } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/); Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType); Assert.AreEqual(true, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown); Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar); Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount); Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode); Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode); } static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } } [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle); [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead); [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] public struct INPUT_RECORD { [FieldOffset(0)] public short EventType; //union { [FieldOffset(4)] public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent; #if BROKEN [FieldOffset(4)] public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent; [FieldOffset(4)] public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent; [FieldOffset(4)] public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent; [FieldOffset(4)] public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent; //} #endif } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD { public bool bKeyDown; public short wRepeatCount; public short wVirtualKeyCode; public short wVirtualScanCode; public char UnicodeChar; public int dwControlKeyState; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD { public COORD dwMousePosition; public int dwButtonState; public int dwControlKeyState; public int dwEventFlags; }; [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD { public COORD dwSize; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD { public int dwCommandId; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD { public bool bSetFocus; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct COORD { public short X; public short Y; } } UPDATE: For those worried about the struct declarations themselves: bool is treated as a 32-bit value the reason for offset(4) on the data is to allow for the 32-bit structure alignment which prevents the union from beginning at offset 2. Again, my problem isn't making PInvoke work at all, it's trying to figure out why these additional structures (supposedly at the same offset) are fowling up the data by simply adding them.

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• Using recursion to to trim a binary tree based on a given min and max value

  - by Justin

  As the title says, I have to trim a binary tree based on a given min and max value. Each node stores a value, and a left/right node. I may define private helper methods to solve this problem, but otherwise I may not call any other methods of the class nor create any data structures such as arrays, lists, etc. An example would look like this: overallRoot _____[50]____________________ / \ __________[38] _______________[90] / \ / _[14] [42] [54]_____ / \ \ [8] [20] [72] \ / \ [26] [61] [83] trim(52, 65); should return: overallRoot [54] \ [61] My attempted solution has three methods: public void trim(int min, int max) { rootFinder(overallRoot, min, max); } First recursive method finds the new root perfectly. private void rootFinder(IntTreeNode node, int min, int max) { if (node == null) return; if (overallRoot.data < min) { node = overallRoot = node.right; rootFinder(node, min, max); } else if (overallRoot.data > max) { node = overallRoot = node.left; rootFinder(node, min, max); } else cutter(overallRoot, min, max); } This second method should eliminate any further nodes not within the min/max, but it doesn't work as I would hope. private void cutter(IntTreeNode node, int min, int max) { if (node == null) return; if (node.data <= min) { node.left = null; } if (node.data >= max) { node.right = null; } if (node.data < min) { node = node.right; } if (node.data > max) { node = node.left; } cutter(node.left, min, max); cutter(node.right, min, max); } This returns: overallRoot [54]_____ \ [72] / [61] Any help is appreciated. Feel free to ask for further explanation as needed.

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• Advice on Factory Method

  - by heath

  Using php 5.2, I'm trying to use a factory to return a service to the controller. My request uri would be of the format www.mydomain.com/service/method/param1/param2/etc. My controller would then call a service factory using the token sent in the uri. From what I've seen, there are two main routes I could go with my factory. Single method: class ServiceFactory { public static function getInstance($token) { switch($token) { case 'location': return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); break; case 'product': return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); break; case 'user' return new UserService(); break; default: return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } } or multiple methods: class ServiceFactory { public static function getLocationService() { return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); } public static function getProductService() { return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); } public static function getUserService() { return new UserService(); } public static function getDefaultService($token) { return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } So, given this, I will have a handful of generic services in which I will pass that token (for example, StaticPageTemplateService and DynamicPageTemplateService) that will probably implement another factory method just like this to grab templates, domain objects, etc. And some that will be specific services (for example, UserService) which will be 1:1 to that token and not reused. So, this seems to be an ok approach (please give suggestions if it is not) for a small amount of services. But what about when, over time and my site grows, I end up with 100s of possibilities. This no longer seems like a good approach. Am I just way off to begin with or is there another design pattern that would be a better fit? Thanks. UPDATE: @JSprang - the token is actually sent in the uri like mydomain.com/location would want a service specific to loction and mydomain.com/news would want a service specific to news. Now, for a lot of these, the service will be generic. For instance, a lot of pages will call a StaticTemplatePageService in which the token is passed in to the service. That service in turn will grab the "location" template or "links" template and just spit it back out. Some will need DynamicTemplatePageService in which the token gets passed in, like "news" and that service will grab a NewsDomainObject, determine how to present it and spit that back out. Others, like "user" will be specific to a UserService in which it will have methods like Login, Logout, etc. So basically, the token will be used to determine which service is needed AND if it is generic service, that token will be passed to that service. Maybe token isn't the correct terminology but I hope you get the purpose. I wanted to use the factory so I can easily swap out which Service I need in case my needs change. I just worry that after the site grows larger (both pages and functionality) that the factory will become rather bloated. But I'm starting to feel like I just can't get away from storing the mappings in an array (like Stephen's solution). That just doesn't feel OOP to me and I was hoping to find something more elegant.

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• Symfony 1.2 to 2.3 migration

  - by Bonswouar

  I've got a pretty big Symfony 1.2 project to migrate. First, I modified my .htaccess so I can have some pages handled by Symfony 2. What I'd like to do, to make the migration smoother, is to be able to render some SF2 action/templates/methods/... inside SF1. I added the autoloader to the SF1 app, so I can access to twig rendering methods and other stuff. But how can I call a SF2 action ? For example, if I want to migrate only the footer first, I would also need some php methods, not only rendering. That was previously in SF1 component, where should it be now ? If you've got any suggestion about the way of migrating, don't hesitate ! EDIT 1 : Apparently, the only way to do something like that is to render a full twig template, and/or in this template call some other partial twig templates with render(url, params). Here is my SF1 code to be able to render twig templates : public static function getTwig() { require_once __DIR__.'SF2_PATH/vendor/twig/extensions/lib/Twig/Extensions/Autoloader.php'; Twig_Autoloader::register(); $loader = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem( __DIR__.'SF2_PATH/sf2/src/VENDOR/BUNDLE/'); $twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array( 'cache' => __DIR__.'SF2_PATH/sf2/app/cache/dev/twig', )); return $twig; } And so : $twig->loadTemplate('header.html.twig'); EDIT 2 : That doesn't seem to work, if in a twig template I try to render an other one with {{render(controller('BUNDLE:CONTROLER:ACTION', {})) }} for example Twig_Error : The function "controller" does not exist. And if I try to render the url Unknown tag name "render". I guess Symfony 2 twig functionalities are not loaded, how can I do that ? EDIT 3 : Ok, now I can do it, but I've got the following message... Twig_Error_Runtime An exception has been thrown during the rendering of a template ("Rendering a fragment can only be done when handling a master Request.") in ...

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• What is the fastest way to Initialize a multi-dimensional array to non-default values in .NET?

  - by AMissico

  How do I initialize a multi-dimensional array of a primitive type as fast as possible? I am stuck with using multi-dimensional arrays. My problem is performance. The following routine initializes a 100x100 array in approx. 500 ticks. Removing the int.MaxValue initialization results in approx. 180 ticks just for the looping. Approximately 100 ticks to create the array without looping and without initializing to int.MaxValue. Routines similiar to this are called a few hundred-thousand to several million times during a "run". The array size will not change during a run and arrays are created one-at-a-time, used, then discarded, and a new array created. A "run" which may last from one minute (using 10x10 arrays) to forty-five minutes (100x100). The application creates arrays of int, bool, and struct. There can be multiple "runs" executing at same time, but are not because performance degrades terribly. I am using 100x100 as a base-line. I am open to suggestions on how to optimize this non-default initialization of an array. One idea I had is to use a smaller primitive type when available. For instance, using byte instead of int, saves 100 ticks. I would be happy with this, but I am hoping that I don't have to change the primitive data type. public int[,] CreateArray(Size size) { int[,] array = new int[size.Width, size.Height]; for (int x = 0; x < size.Width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < size.Height; y++) { array[x, y] = int.MaxValue; } } return array; } Down to 450 ticks with the following: public int[,] CreateArray1(Size size) { int iX = size.Width; int iY = size.Height; int[,] array = new int[iX, iY]; for (int x = 0; x < iX; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < iY; y++) { array[x, y] = int.MaxValue; } } return array; } Down to approximately 165 ticks after a one-time initialization of 2800 ticks. (See my answer below.) If I can get stackalloc to work with multi-dimensional arrays, I should be able to get the same performance without having to intialize the private static array. private static bool _arrayInitialized5; private static int[,] _array5; public static int[,] CreateArray5(Size size) { if (!_arrayInitialized5) { int iX = size.Width; int iY = size.Height; _array5 = new int[iX, iY]; for (int x = 0; x < iX; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < iY; y++) { _array5[x, y] = int.MaxValue; } } _arrayInitialized5 = true; } return (int[,])_array5.Clone(); } Down to approximately 165 ticks without using the "clone technique" above. (See my answer below.) I am sure I can get the ticks lower, if I can just figure out the return of CreateArray9. public unsafe static int[,] CreateArray8(Size size) { int iX = size.Width; int iY = size.Height; int[,] array = new int[iX, iY]; fixed (int* pfixed = array) { int count = array.Length; for (int* p = pfixed; count-- > 0; p++) *p = int.MaxValue; } return array; }

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• NullPointerException using EndlessAdapter with SimpleAdapter

  - by android_dev

  Hello, I am using EndlessAdapter from commonsguy with a SimpleAdapter. I can load data when I make a scroll down without problems, but I have a NullPointerException when I make a scroll up. The problem is in the method @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView,ViewGroup parent) { return wrapped.getView(position, convertView, parent); } from the class AdapterWrapper. The call to wrapped.getView(position, convertView,parent) raises the exception and I don´t know why. This is my implementation of EndlessAdapter: //Inner class in SearchTextActivity class DemoAdapter extends EndlessAdapter { private RotateAnimation rotate = null; DemoAdapter(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> result) { super(new SimpleAdapter(SearchTracksActivity.this, result, R.layout.textlist_item, PROJECTION_COLUMNS, VIEW_MAPPINGS)); rotate = new RotateAnimation( 0f, 360f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f); rotate.setDuration(600); rotate.setRepeatMode(Animation.RESTART); rotate.setRepeatCount(Animation.INFINITE); } @Override protected View getPendingView(ViewGroup parent) { View row=getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.textlist_item, null); View child=row.findViewById(R.id.title); child.setVisibility(View.GONE); child=row.findViewById(R.id.username); child.setVisibility(View.GONE); child=row.findViewById(R.id.throbber); child.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); child.startAnimation(rotate); return row; } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected void rebindPendingView(int position, View row) { HashMap<String, String> res = (HashMap<String, String>)getWrappedAdapter().getItem(position); View child=row.findViewById(R.id.title); ((TextView)child).setText(res.get("title")); child.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); child=row.findViewById(R.id.username); ((TextView)child).setText(res.get("username")); child.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); ImageView throbber=(ImageView)row.findViewById(R.id.throbber); throbber.setVisibility(View.GONE); throbber.clearAnimation(); } boolean mFinal = true; @Override protected boolean cacheInBackground() { EditText searchText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.searchText); String textToSearch = searchText.getText().toString(); Util.getSc().searchText(textToSearch , offset, limit, new ResultListener<ArrayList<Text>>() { @Override public void onError(Exception e) { e.toString(); mFinal = false; } @Override public void onSuccess(ArrayList<Text> result) { if(result.size() == 0){ mFinal = false; }else{ texts.addAll(result); offset++; } } }); return mFinal; } @Override protected void appendCachedData() { for(Text text : texts){ result.add(text.getMapValues()); } texts.clear(); } } And I use it this way: public class SearchTextActivity extends AbstractListActivity { private static final String[] PROJECTION_COLUMNS = new String[] { TextStore.Text.TITLE, TextStore.Text.USER_NAME}; private static final int[] VIEW_MAPPINGS = new int[] { R.id.Text_title, R.id.Text_username}; ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> result; static ArrayList<Text> texts; static int offset = 0; static int limit = 1; @Override void onAbstractCreate(Bundle savedInstance) { setContentView(R.layout.search_tracks); setupViews(); } private void setupViews() { ImageButton searchButton = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.searchButton); updateView(); } SimpleAdapter adapter; void updateView(){ if(result == null) { result = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>(); } if(tracks == null) { texts = new ArrayList<Text>(); } } public void sendQuery(View v){ offset = 0; texts.clear(); result.clear(); setListAdapter(new DemoAdapter(result)); } } Does anybody knows what could be the problem? Thank you in advance

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• ObjC internals. Why my duck typing attempt failed?

  - by Piotr Czapla

  I've tried to use id to create duck typing in objective-c. The concept looks fine in theory but failed in practice. I was unable to use any parameters in my methods. The methods were called but parameters were wrong. I was getting BAD_ACESS for objects and random values for primitives. I've attached a simple example below. The question: Does any one knows why the methods parameters are wrong? What is happening under the hood of the objective-c? Note: I'm interest in the details. I know how to make the example below work. An example: I've created a simple class Test that is passed to an other class using property id test. @implementation Test - (void) aSampleMethodWithFloat:(float) f andInt: (int) i { NSLog(@"Parameters: %f, %i\n", f, i); } @end Then in the class the following loop is executed: for (float f=0.0f; f < 100.0f ; f += 0.3f) { [self.test aSampleMethodWithOneFloatParameter: f]; // warning: no method found. } Here is the output that I'm getting. As you can see the method was called but the parameters were wrong. Parameters: 0.000000, 0 Parameters: -0.000000, 1069128089 Parameters: -0.000000, 1070176665 Parameters: 2.000000, 1070805811 Parameters: -0.000000, 1071225241 Parameters: 0.000000, 1071644672 Parameters: 2.000000, 1071854387 Parameters: 36893488147419103232.000000, 1072064102 Parameters: -0.000000, 1072273817 Parameters: -36893488147419103232.000000, 1072483532

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• Java client server sending bytes receiver listens indefinitely

  - by Rob

  Hello, I'm trying to write a Java program for Windows that involves communication with a server program located on a foreign machine.My program successfully connects to the server, successfully writes a byte array to it, and waits for a response. I know that the server is printing bytes (the response) back to me one byte at a time. I've tried using a DataInputStream object with various methods (read, readByte etc.), I've tried using a BufferedReader object with its methods (read, readLine etc.) but all the reader objects and various methods that I've used all come up against the same problem. The bytes are being successfully read (each time a byte or bytes are read, I can print them to the console, and they are what I'd expect them to be). The problem is that my reader doesn't know when to stop reading. Even if the server has sent all its bytes, the reader function on my end waits for more data, indefinitely, and so the program hangs at the read function. This problem seems to affect all the techniques that I have tried. I've been running tests with a simple client program and server program, each about 40 or 50 lines long, where the client connects to the server, and sends some bytes to it. All the techniques I've tried for the server reader result in the same problem mentioned above (the server hangs waiting for more input from the client, even though it has sent all its data). I'm really desperate for some help on this. It's important that I get this program finished soon, and it's basically complete except for this communication issue. Any help is much appreciated! -Rob

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• How to patch an S4 method in an R package?

  - by Richie Cotton

  If you find a bug in a package, it's usually possible to patch the problem with fixInNamespace, e.g. fixInNamespace("mean.default", "base"). For S4 methods, I'm not sure how to do it though. The method I'm looking at is in the gWidgetstcltk package. You can see the source code with getMethod(".svalue", c("gTabletcltk", "guiWidgetsToolkittcltk")) I can't find the methods with fixInNamespace. fixInNamespace(".svalue", "gWidgetstcltk") Error in get(subx, envir = ns, inherits = FALSE) : object '.svalue' not found I thought setMethod might do the trick, but setMethod(".svalue", c("gTabletcltk", "guiWidgetsToolkittcltk"), definition = function (obj, toolkit, index = NULL, drop = NULL, ...) { widget = getWidget(obj) sel <- unlist(strsplit(tclvalue(tcl(widget, "selection")), " ")) if (length(sel) == 0) { return(NA) } theChildren <- .allChildren(widget) indices <- sapply(sel, function(i) match(i, theChildren)) inds <- which(visible(obj))[indices] if (!is.null(index) && index == TRUE) { return(inds) } if (missing(drop) || is.null(drop)) drop = TRUE chosencol <- tag(obj, "chosencol") if (drop) return(obj[inds, chosencol, drop = drop]) else return(obj[inds, ]) }, where = "package:gWidgetstcltk" ) Error in setMethod(".svalue", c("gTabletcltk", "guiWidgetsToolkittcltk"), : the environment "gWidgetstcltk" is locked; cannot assign methods for function ".svalue" Any ideas?

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• OO model for nsxmlparser when delegate is not self

  - by richard

  Hi, I am struggling with the correct design for the delegates of nsxmlparser. In order to build my table of Foos, I need to make two types of webservice calls; one for the whole table and one for each row. It's essentially a master-query then detail-query, except the master-query-result-xml doesn't return enough information so i then need to query the detail for each row. I'm not dealing with enormous amounts of data. Anyway - previously I've just used NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc]init]; [parser setDelegate:self]; [parser parse]; and implemented all the appropriate delegate methods in whatever class i'm in. In attempt at cleanliness, I've now created two separate delegate classes and done something like: NSXMLParser *xp = [[NSXMLParser alloc]init]; MyMasterXMLParserDelegate *masterParserDelegate = [[MyMasterXMLParser]alloc]init]; [xp setDelegate:masterParserDelegate]; [xp parse]; In addition to being cleaner (in my opinion, at least), it also means each of the -parser:didStartElement implementations don't spend most of the time trying to figure out which xml they're parsing. So now the real crux of the problem. Before i split out the delegates, i had in the main class that was also implementing the delegate methods, a class-level NSMutableArray that I would just put my objects-created-from-xml in when -parser:didEndElement found the 'end' of each record. Now the delegates are in separate classes, I can't figure out how to have the -parser:didEndElement in the 'detail' delegate class "return" the created object to the calling class. At least, not in a clean OO way. I'm sure i could do it with all sorts of nasty class methods. Does the question make sense? Thanks.

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• What are good strategies for organizing single class per query service layer?

  - by KallDrexx

  Right now my Asp.net MVC application is structured as Controller - Services - Repositories. The services consist of aggregate root classes that contain methods. Each method is a specific operation that gets performed, such as retrieving a list of projects, adding a new project, or searching for a project etc. The problem with this is that my service classes are becoming really fat with a lot of methods. As of right now I am separating methods out into categories separated by #region tags, but this is quickly becoming out of control. I can definitely see it becoming hard to determine what functionality already exists and where modifications need to go. Since each method in the service classes are isolated and don't really interact with each other, they really could be more stand alone. After reading some articles, such as this, I am thinking of following the single query per class model, as it seems like a more organized solution. Instead of trying to figure out what class and method you need to call to perform an operation, you just have to figure out the class. My only reservation with the single query per class method is that I need some way to organize the 50+ classes I will end up with. Does anyone have any suggestions for strategies to best organize this type of pattern?

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