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  • How to power off a Debian Linux box via console

    - by Luke Puplett
    Brand new to Linux. I need to turn my box off and put it in my server room. The help here and everywhere seems not to work for me: http://debianhelp.co.uk/shutdown.htm I get: lukepuplett@uktnlx01:~$ poweroff -bash: poweroff: command not found lukepuplett@uktnlx01:~$ shutdown -bash: shutdown: command not found lukepuplett@uktnlx01:~$ modprobe apm -bash: modprobe: command not found lukepuplett@uktnlx01:~$ I also tried halt, reboot, goaway, and pleasejustwork.

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  • How to check mysql remote connectivity

    - by Mirage
    I have enable the ips in WHM for remote mysql but still i am not able to connect it. Is there any shell command for mysql which i can type to check the remote connectivity I mean any command to execute on server itself where mysql is installed or Any command to execute of local linux to check connectivity on remote MYsql server OS remote :Centos 5.4 local OS : Ubuntu

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  • boot up fails. drops to initramfs prompt 12.04

    - by dpm
    I am running an HP pavilion dv6000 dual boot win7 and Ubuntu 12.04. (well, up until today). after a reboot, the boot process drops to the busy box shell and i end up at the prompt: BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) Ive been researching others who have had this same problem, but haven't been able to find any of those solutions to work for me. I tried the method described here: http://www.proposedsolution.com/solutions/ubuntu-booting-to-initramfs-prompt/ and after the final command mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /root -o force it does nothing and gives me another (initramfs) prompt. I can boot to a live CD (USB) and get to a terminal, but it doesn't seem to do much good, as I can see the /dev/sda1 in the ls command, but it doesn't recognize it when I try to cd to it. My command line skills are very green, and am just starting to grasp them. One more question: using the command fdisk -l how can I tell which mount point (sda1/sda2) is my windows partition and which one is Ubuntu? Any help? I'm in a bit over my head right now...

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  • Installing Ruby 1.9.3 OSX 10.7.4 breaks after altering PATH

    - by R V
    I was having trouble installing ruby 1.9.3-p194 from ruby 1.8.7 on my mac osx 10.7.4. I have was trying to fix my homebrew after running "brew doctor" and got the message of "/usr/bin occurs before /usr/local/bin This means that system-provided programs will be used instead of those provided by Homebrew. The following tools exist at both paths: c++-4.2 cpp-4.2 erb g++-4.2 gcc-4.2 gcov-4.2 gem i686-apple-darwin11-cpp-4.2.1 i686-apple-darwin11-g++-4.2.1 i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1 irb rake rdoc ri ruby testrb" I fixed it by entering the following, which I found on another stackoverflow answer: export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin$PATH" Lo and behold! when I typed that ruby updates to 1.9.3-p194. Ruby files seem to compile and run just fine. However, afterward, my navigation around terminal is messed up severely. For instance I can't do the command "open example_file.html" and have the file pop up in Chrome, instead I get the error: "-bash: open: command not found" Also, when I change directory, I get an error, inputting "$ cd desktop" yields the output, "-bash: dirname: command not found" but the directory does then changes... strange. When I exit out of a terminal window all this resets. I'm back to Ruby 1.8.7, have to use the PATH command again to update to 1.9.3, command line navigation gets broken again. Any guidance on how to remedy so I can use 1.9.3-p194 and also have normal terminal navigation would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Browsers ignoring hosts file

    - by madkris
    Until recently my browsers started to ignore my hosts file. I have Windows 7 operating system installed. 192.168.0.5 livesite.com I have tried: Clearing browser cache Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line Issued "ping livesite.com" from the command line (response was "Reply from 192.168.0.5: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128") Restarting unit Backing up original hosts file and making a new one Checking lmhosts.sam (everything is commented out) Connecting directly to modem using cable Checked \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\DataBasePath Tried it on another laptop with exactly the specs as I have Then I tried Changing entry to "127.0.0.1 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok) Changing entry to "192.168.0.5 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok but only for a sec) Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line (ping ok, browser not ok) Changing entry to "127.0.0.1 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok) Changing entry to "192.168.0.5 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser not ok) Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line (ping ok, browser not ok) Any idea why it worked for a moment? Or better yet anything I havent tried or some error I may have overlooked?

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  • Browsers ignoring hosts file

    - by madkris
    Until recently my browsers started to ignore my hosts file. I have Windows 7 operating system installed. 192.168.0.5 livesite.com I have tried: Clearing browser cache Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line Issued "ping livesite.com" from the command line (response was "Reply from 192.168.0.5: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128") Restarting unit Backing up original hosts file and making a new one Checking lmhosts.sam (everything is commented out) Connecting directly to modem using cable Checked \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\DataBasePath Tried it on another laptop with exactly the specs as I have Then I tried Changing entry to "127.0.0.1 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok) Changing entry to "192.168.0.5 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok but only for a sec) Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line (ping ok, browser not ok) Changing entry to "127.0.0.1 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser ok) Changing entry to "192.168.0.5 livesite.com" (ping ok, browser not ok) Issued "ipconfig /flushdns" from the command line (ping ok, browser not ok) Any idea why it worked for a moment? Or better yet anything I havent tried or some error I may have overlooked?

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  • Exalogic 2.0.1 Tea Break Snippets - Creating a ModifyJeOS VirtualBox

    - by The Old Toxophilist
    Following on from my previous blog entry "Modifying the Base Template" I decided to put together a quick blog to show how to create a small VirtualBox, guest, that can be used to execute the ModifyJeOS and hence edit you templates. One of the main advantages of this is that Templates can be created away from the Exalogic Environment. For the Guest OS I chose OEL 6u3 and decided to create it as a basic server because I did not require a graphical interface but it's a simple change to create it with a GUI. Required Software Virtual Box. Oracle Enterprise Linux. Creating the VM I'll assume that the reader is experienced with Virtual Box and installing OEL and hence will make this section brief. Create VirtualBox Guest Create a new VirtualBox Guest and select oracle Linux 64 bit. Follow through the create process and select Dynamic Disk Size and the default 12GB disk size. The actual image will be a lot smaller than this but the OEL install will fail with insufficient disk space if you attempt a smaller size. Once the guest has been created attach the previously downloaded OEL 6u3 iso to the cd drive and start the guest. Install OEL On starting the guest the system will boot off the associated OEL 6u3 iso and take you through the standard installation process. Select all the appropriate information but when you reach the installation type select Basic Server because we do not need that additional packages and only need to access through the command line interface. Complete the installation and reboot the Guest. At this point we now have a basic OEL server running. Installing Guest Add-ons Before we can easily access the Guest we will need to add the VirtualBox guest add-ons. These will provide better keyboard and mouse integration and allow access the shared folders on the host machine. Before we can do this we will need to do the following: Enable Networking. Install additional rpms.  To enable the networking (eth0), that appears to be disabled by default, we can execute: ifup eth0 This will start the eth0 connection but once the Guest is rebooted the network will be down again. To resolve this you will need to edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file and change the ONBOOT parameter to "yes". Now we have enabled the network we will need to install a number of addition rpm. First we will need to configure the yum repository as follows: [ol6_latest] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_ga_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u1_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u2_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u3_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_UEK_latest] name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_UEK_base] name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 Once the repository has been edited we will need to execute the following yum commands: yum update yum install gcc yum install kernel-uek-devel yum install kernel-devel yum install createrepo At this point we now have all the additional packages required to install the VirtualBox Guest Add-ons. So select Devices->InstallGuest Additions on you running guest: This will simply place the VirtualBoxGuestAdditions.iso in the virtual cd and we will need to execute the following before we can run them. mkdir /media/cdrom mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom cd /media/cdrom/ ls ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run This will initiate the install and kernel rebuild. What you will notice is that during the installation a Failed will be displayed but this is simply because we have no graphical components. At this point we the installation will also have added the vboxsf group to the system and to access any shared folders we will create our user will need to be a member of this group an so the next stage is to add the root user to this group as follows: usermod -G vboxsf root cat /etc/group cat /etc/passwd init 0 Now simply shutdown the guest and add the Shared folder within your guests settings. Install ModifyJeOS Once the shared folder has been added restart the guest and change directory into the shared folder (/media/sf_<folder name>). For the next step I am assuming the ModifyJeOS rpms are located in the shared folder. We can simply execute: rpm -ivh ovm-modify-jeos-1.1.0-17.el5.noarch.rpm # Test with modifyjeos Using ModifyJeOS I have a modified MountSystemImg.sh script that should be copied into the /root/bin directory (you may need to create this) and from here it can be executed from any location: MountSystemImg.sh #!/bin/sh # The script assumes it's being run from the directory containing the System.img # Export for later i.e. during unmount export LOOP=`losetup -f` export SYSTEMIMG=/mnt/elsystem export TEMPLATEDIR=`pwd` # Make Temp Mount Directory mkdir -p $SYSTEMIMG # Create Loop for the System Image losetup $LOOP System.img kpartx -a $LOOP mount /dev/mapper/`basename $LOOP`p2 $SYSTEMIMG #Change Dir into mounted Image cd $SYSTEMIMG echo "######################################################################" echo "### ###" echo "### Starting Bash shell for editing. When completed log out to ###" echo "### Unmount the System.img file. ###" echo "### ###" echo "######################################################################" echo bash cd ~ cd $TEMPLATEDIR umount $SYSTEMIMG kpartx -d $LOOP losetup -d $LOOP rm -rf $SYSTEMIMG This script will simple create a mount directory, mount the System.img and then start a new shell in the mounted directory. On exiting the shell it will unmount the System.img. It only requires that you execute the script in the directory containing the System.img. These can be created under the mounted shared directory. In the example below I have extracted the Base template within the shared folder and then renamed it OEL_40GB_ROOT before changing into that directory and executing the script.

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  • Executing a C program stored on a windows drive?

    - by bijay prakash singh
    I wrote a simple hello world program but not stored it in Ubuntu's home directory, instead I stored it on one of the Windows drives. (I am using Ubuntu 12.04 alongside of Windows.) When I compiled the program it worked just fine but when I tried to execute it I got an error message "Permission denied". And When I store the program in Ubuntu's home directory I can perfectly compile and execute the program. So please tell me how to overcome this problem??

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  • cygwin GNU make .net program piping inconsistent behavior

    - by Codism
    This question may sound like a superuser question but I feel there is something related to programming. Anyway, my computer had a fresh installation of Win 7 64 and cygwin recently. Now I observed some problem with pipe handling in gnu make file. The following is the Makefile I use to reproduce the issue: all: fsutil | cat my-dotnet-console.exe | cat The problem is: for the first command line, the piping works every time but for the second command line, the piping barely works - I got no result for the second command for most cases, regardless of the environment (cmd or bash) in which the make file is invoked. However, if I copy paste the second command line into cmd (or bash), the pipe works every time. The following is my .net program: static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(new string('a', 40)); Console.Out.Flush(); } The make version is 3.82.90 but the same problem was observed in a previous version (because of the windows path handling problem in 3.82.9, I replaced make.exe with a previous version). I don't know the exact cygwin version I have installed but the current version on cygwin.com is 1.7.11-1. Currently, my work around is to redirect the output to a temporary file but it would be great if I can avoid the temporary file. Thanks

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  • Issues with softlink

    - by Ajay
    I am trying to create a softlink through unix command that is ln -s /ajay/i4sites/i4gear.com/docs/includes /ajay/i4sites/i4content.com/docs/includes but this always give one message this is not in directory. I want to know only one thing that for creating softlink unix command svn should be worked or not.Is it compulsory.i have execute the command svn status svn: warning: '.' is not a working copy. so please clear me..

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  • Putty Help with @ Key

    - by jb0510
    I am new to putty. I am pushing files to a customer with sftp command that includes @ sign in the command. e.g. sftp (login@IP Address) the session will not allow @ on the command line. It bounces me to the next line. Can anyone tell me how to correct this.

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  • I am trying to set up a ubuntu sever 12.04 on my machine

    - by Jseb
    I am trying to set up a server on my home network which will eventually host rails. I am not great in linux server and i try to follow the prompt. I did succesfully get to a black screen which then prompts me to a username then password to then do anything ( assuming). However here what i try to do I kinda fellow his tutorial http://www.ubuntugeek.com/step-by-step-ubuntu-11-04-natty-lamp-server-setup.html but however the command where not 100% like him not in same order but same idea. Then i want to install ubuntu server with gui here the command i try with sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop Which however give me the following error Err http... inRelease w Failed to fetch ht... So been ignored if i try the desktop one i get E: unable to locate package ubuntu E: unable to locate package desktop So i am assuming i am not connected to the internet, so i try the following command sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces here the output it gives me and i know my gateway on my laptop is 192.168.1.1 address: 192.168.1.148 netmask: 255.255.255.0 network: 192.168.1.0 broadcasts: 192.168.1.255 gateway: 192.168.1.1 Btw i do not know the command to get out of vi and saving it. Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-updates InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backport/InRelease

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  • Rsync Push files from linux to windoes. ssh issue - connection refused

    - by piyush c
    For some reason I want to run a script to move files from Linux machine to Windows. I have installed cwRsync on my windows machine and able to connect to linux machine. When i execute following command: rsync -e "ssh -l "piyush"" -Wgovz --timeout 120 --delay-updates --remove-sent-files /usr/local/src/piyush/sync/* "[email protected]:/cygdrive/d/temp" Where 10.0.0.60 is my widows machine and I am running above command on Linux - CentOS 5.5. After running command I get following error message: ssh: connect to host 10.0.0.60 port 22: Connection refused rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(463) [sender=2.6.8] [root@localhost sync]# ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.0.60 port 22: Connection refused I have modified my firewall settings on widows to allow all ports. I think this issue is due to SSH Daemon not present on my windows machine. So I tried installing OpenSSH on my machine and running ssh-agent but didn't helped. I tried similar command to run on my widows machine to pull files from Linux and its working fine. For some reason I want command for Linux machine so that I can embed it in a shell script. Can you suggest me if I am missing anything.

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  • Thumbnail generation with imagemagick doesn't render the correct colors

    - by Bastien
    Generating thumbnails of PDFs with imagemagick sometimes renders incorrect colors. We're using an old version of imagemagick (6.5.7-8, that's the version installed on the heroku servers). Here is the command we're currently using: convert -size "725x1200>" -colorspace RGB -flatten -density 300 -quality 100 input.pdf output.jpg I've tried using different colorspaces like sRGB,YIQ,.. but none of them are rendering the color correctly. Using imagemagick-6.7.7-6 locally works so I've tried to bundle the 'convert' command within my application /bin directory, the command works but the result is still wrong, so it seems that the problem comes either from another imagemagick command used by 'convert' or from another library. Here's an example of the outputs: Correct output: http://i.stack.imgur.com/gf9eG.jpg Wrong output: http://i.stack.imgur.com/imUeD.jpg Strangely, with some pages of the same pdf the output is always correct. Any idea which library or command could be the issue, or if there is a proper set of options to pass to imagemagick to always get it right? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • how to check in a bash script where the shell is run from

    - by nass
    I am fuzzy about how to set a command in a script to be run only when the shell is running within an X session. basically, in ~/.bashrc I set my keyboard maps as setxkbmap -layout 'us,gr' -variant 'altgr-intl,extended' -option grp:alt_shift_toggle If I am connecting through putty , or otherwise, and i just open a command prompt window, I DONT want this command to run. If on the other hand, i have an X session running (locally or remotely) I want this command to run. how can I do this checking in a bash script? Is there a bash environment variable I can be looking at? some other way? Thank you for your help

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  • Finding text in Ubuntu (gnome) terminal output

    - by Rickson
    Imagine this scenario: You run a command at gnome terminal. This command has made a bunch of outputs to the terminal. After some time, you realize you need the value of a variable (let's say variable_needed) that was printed by the command somewhere in the terminal. How to find it? KDE terminal used to have a shortcut ctrl+shift+f which searched the terminal output. It seems that gnome-terminal doesn't have it (at least at Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS). Is there any way of adding it? Is there any other good terminal I could use that has it? Notice that the output has already been written so I don't want (cannot) run the command again combined with grep, |, , vim, emacs, etc.

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  • Backup script that excludes large files using Duplicity and Amazon S3

    - by Jason
    I'm trying to write an backup script that will exclude files over a certain size. My script gives the proper command, but when run within the script it outputs an an error. However if the same command is run manually everything works...??? Here is the script based on one easy found with google #!/bin/bash # Export some ENV variables so you don't have to type anything export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="accesskey" export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="secretaccesskey" export PASSPHRASE="password" SOURCE=/home/ DEST=s3+http://s3bucket GPG_KEY="7743E14E" # exclude files over 100MB exclude () { find /home/jason -size +100M \ | while read FILE; do echo -n " --exclude " echo -n \'**${FILE##/*/}\' | sed 's/\ /\\ /g' #Replace whitespace with "\ " done } echo "Using Command" echo "duplicity --encrypt-key=$GPG_KEY --sign-key=$GPG_KEY `exclude` $SOURCE $DEST" duplicity --encrypt-key=$GPG_KEY --sign-key=$GPG_KEY `exclude` $SOURCE $DEST # Reset the ENV variables. export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID= export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY= export PASSPHRASE= If run I recieve the error; Command line error: Expected 2 args, got 6 Enter 'duplicity --help' for help screen. Any help your could offer would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Mount CIFS Credentials File has Special Character

    - by David George
    I'm having trouble mounting a share on my XenServer (5.6 FP1). From the command line I try: mount.cifs //server/share /mnt/share -o credentials=credfile The contents of credfile is: username=Administrator password=What@zR\!p3s When I run the above mount command I get "Access Denied". However if I run the following command it works: mount.cifs //server/share /mnt/share -o username=Administrator,password=What@zR\!p3s Please note the "\" is to escape the bang and I've tried this with and without it in the credentials file. Any suggestions?

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  • How to know currently open ports on the Windows Firewall?

    - by QIU Quan
    On Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, I can know currently open ports on the Windows Firewall using the following command: netsh firewall show state However, on Windows 7 and Hyper-V Server 2008 R2, when I give that command, it says: No ports are currently open on all network interfaces. IMPORTANT: Command executed successfully. However, "netsh firewall" is deprecated; use "netsh advfirewall firewall" instead. Apparently there are ports open because services such as NetBIOS NS, Remote Desktop, and Hyper-V remote administration are functioning. I tried a few 'netsh advfirewall' show commands, but didn't get a way to find out which ports are permit by Windows Firewall. Knowing the currently open ports, I can be sure that I'm permitting necessary and sufficient traffic to pass in, no more, no less. Going through the whole set of advanced firewall rules is so tedious and error-prone. Is there a command on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 to do this efficiently?

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  • Collapsing Bookmarks

    - by Tim Dexter
    I said I would tackle documenting some of the new features in the 10.1.3.4.1 roll up patch I mentioned last week. With the patch you can now set the default state of bookmarks (if you create them) in your PDF outputs. If your users prefer to see them all collapsed to the base level or may be collapsed to the second level to ease navigation; whatever they need. Its another opportunity for you to look like a star! You of course need to start with a table of contents; then add the convert|copy to bookmarks command. You can then add the new collapse command to set the appropriate level in the bookmarks. <?copy-to-bookmark:?> <?collapse-bookmark:show;2?> <<< Table of Contents >>> <?end convert-to-bookmark?> The command allows you to expand or collapse the bookmarks as you need. Of course you will know how many levels you will have in the final output document. The command takes the form: <?collapse-bookmark:show|hide;level int?> Some examples <?collapse-bookmark:hide;1?> <?collapse-bookmark:hide;2?> <?collapse-bookmark:hide;3?> Sample template and data here. Dont forget you need that 10.1.3.4.1 roll up!

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  • trouble shooting ntfs-loop-xen combination in wubi based grub of Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    Here is a situation I installed Ubuntu on a laptop using Wubi in Windows 7 drive.*The laptop is not mine.*I have installed and things worked by now perfectly without any problem.We are trying to set up a Xen (virtualization)environment in this laptop. After setting up every thing cleanly.When I needed to boot with following grub entries menuentry "Xen Linux 2.6.32.27" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,2)' loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) multiboot /boot/xen.gz module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.27 dummy=dummy root=/dev/sda2 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro console=tty0 module /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.27 } I got error file not found error unknown command 'multiboot' error unknown command 'module' error unknown command 'module' Now to dig this issue further I reboot the machine and go to grub command prompt and manually pass on each of the above parameters which you see in the grub entry when I reached grub> insmod multiboot then I got following message on screen error:file not found. It looks like this wubi+ grub setup has just enough modules to use loopback file on ntfs, but the ACTUAL /boot directory is on the loopback NOT ntfs (hd0,2). Therefore any attempt to read any files from (hd0,2) simply wont work, cause there's no file there.I need to use insmod multiboot and command multiboot and module which are available in grub on a normal install without Wubi.But since the laptop is not mine so I am not allowed to partition it and have to make it work in this situation only. While a normal Kernel is still booting? How can I get module multiboot in this Wubi based install.

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  • How to configure sudoers to always keep LD_LIBRARY_PATH envrionment variable?

    - by Yanick Girouard
    No matter what I try, it seems that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable is not kept after I run a command with sudo. The only way I managed to have it stick, is to prefix my sudo command with LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/the/path whenever I call it from the command-line, but I would like to not have to do this every time. It seems the env_keep option ignores this variable, and so does the exempt_group option. My %group currently has ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL as its access in sudoers. I would like this specific environment variable to be kept for any command I run. How can I do this? My server is running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.7.

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  • apache sendmail: trying to change user "from" address from apache to domain account

    - by Wes
    I apologize if I am asking a question already answered, but my problem isn't really that I haven't found an answer. I have, in fact, found a half-dozen different "solutions" to my problem, tried them all, in various combinations, and have been consistently unsuccessful. The goal All I want to do is change the envelope "from" address for all email sent from [email protected] to [email protected], always. What I've already done I am running Apache, PHP, and sendmail on CentOS 5.5, [email protected]. We have an SMTP server at 192.168.0.4. The domain's email accounts are all at @domain.org. I have successfully set up "smart host" using this line in the sendmail.mc file: define(`SMART_HOST', `192.168.0.4')dnl Then I set up masquerading, and was hopeful this would solve it. I have this in the .mc file: FEATURE(`masquerade_entire_domain')dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`domain.org')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`domain.org.')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain.')dnl This rewrites "to" addresses, but not "from" addresses. Testing from the command line: sendmail -v [email protected] Always is shown from the local user (in this case root, or my local user account). I had read that "sendmail" command sometimes bypasses masquerading. Nevertheless, using the "mail" command has the same result. After that, I have explored several "solutions", including: mailertable virtusertable FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl FEATURE(`genericstable')dnl /etc/mail/access file /etc/mail/local-host-names file /etc/mail/trusted-users file All to no affect. The last thing I've tried So, I decided to go in a different direction, and try to set the envelope "from" address via PHP, using either the configuration in /etc/php.ini, or adding the -f parameter to the mail() function or to sendmail command. If I run this command: sendmail -v -f [email protected] [email protected] I get this error in /var/log/maillog: Mar 30 08:56:16 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], size=5, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=user@localhost Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], [email protected] (500/502), delay=00:00:05, xdelay=00:00:03, mailer=relay, pri=30005, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=5.1.1, stat=User unknown Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: p2UCuE8x024022: DSN: User unknown Mar 30 08:56:23 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8x024022: [email protected], delay=00:00:04, xdelay=00:00:04, mailer=relay, pri=31029, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (Ok: queued as B5E2E40E0A2) Which is basically a "User unknown" 550 error. Help Please help. What do I need to change? Should I just start over in the sendmail.mc file? It has a ton of config options stuffed in it, over days of trying things. Why is changing the envelope "from" address via the command line generating a "User unknown" error?

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  • Oracle Linux Tips and Tricks: Using SSH

    - by Robert Chase
    Out of all of the utilities available to systems administrators ssh is probably the most useful of them all. Not only does it allow you to log into systems securely, but it can also be used to copy files, tunnel IP traffic and run remote commands on distant servers. It’s truly the Swiss army knife of systems administration. Secure Shell, also known as ssh, was developed in 1995 by Tau Ylonen after the University of Technology in Finland suffered a password sniffing attack. Back then it was common to use tools like rcp, rsh, ftp and telnet to connect to systems and move files across the network. The main problem with these tools is they provide no security and transmitted data in plain text including sensitive login credentials. SSH provides this security by encrypting all traffic transmitted over the wire to protect from password sniffing attacks. One of the more common use cases involving SSH is found when using scp. Secure Copy (scp) transmits data between hosts using SSH and allows you to easily copy all types of files. The syntax for the scp command is: scp /pathlocal/filenamelocal remoteuser@remotehost:/pathremote/filenameremote In the following simple example, I move a file named myfile from the system test1 to the system test2. I am prompted to provide valid user credentials for the remote host before the transfer will proceed.  If I were only using ftp, this information would be unencrypted as it went across the wire.  However, because scp uses SSH, my user credentials and the file and its contents are confidential and remain secure throughout the transfer.  [user1@test1 ~]# scp /home/user1/myfile user1@test2:/home/user1user1@test2's password: myfile                                    100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00 You can also use ssh to send network traffic and utilize the encryption built into ssh to protect traffic over the wire. This is known as an ssh tunnel. In order to utilize this feature, the server that you intend to connect to (the remote system) must have TCP forwarding enabled within the sshd configuraton. To enable TCP forwarding on the remote system, make sure AllowTCPForwarding is set to yes and enabled in the /etc/ssh/sshd_conf file: AllowTcpForwarding yes Once you have this configured, you can connect to the server and setup a local port which you can direct traffic to that will go over the secure tunnel. The following command will setup a tunnel on port 8989 on your local system. You can then redirect a web browser to use this local port, allowing the traffic to go through the encrypted tunnel to the remote system. It is important to select a local port that is not being used by a service and is not restricted by firewall rules.  In the following example the -D specifies a local dynamic application level port forwarding and the -N specifies not to execute a remote command.   ssh –D 8989 [email protected] -N You can also forward specific ports on both the local and remote host. The following example will setup a port forward on port 8080 and forward it to port 80 on the remote machine. ssh -L 8080:farwebserver.com:80 [email protected] You can even run remote commands via ssh which is quite useful for scripting or remote system administration tasks. The following example shows how to  log in remotely and execute the command ls –la in the home directory of the machine. Because ssh encrypts the traffic, the login credentials and output of the command are completely protected while they travel over the wire. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh rchase@test2 'ls -la'rchase@test2's password: total 24drwx------  2 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 15:17 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc You can execute any command contained in the quotations marks as long as you have permission with the user account that you are using to log in. This can be very powerful and useful for collecting information for reports, remote controlling systems and performing systems administration tasks using shell scripts. To make your shell scripts even more useful and to automate logins you can use ssh keys for running commands remotely and securely without the need to enter a password. You can accomplish this with key based authentication. The first step in setting up key based authentication is to generate a public key for the system that you wish to log in from. In the following example you are generating a ssh key on a test system. In case you are wondering, this key was generated on a test VM that was destroyed after this article. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7a:8e:86:ef:59:70:ef:43:b7:ee:33:03:6e:6f:69:e8 rchase@test1The key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|                 ||  . .            ||   o .           ||    . o o        ||   o o oS+       ||  +   o.= =      ||   o ..o.+ =     ||    . .+. =      ||     ...Eo       |+-----------------+ Now that you have the key generated on the local system you should to copy it to the target server into a temporary location. The user’s home directory is fine for this. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub rchase@test2:/home/rchaserchase@test2's password: id_rsa.pub                  Now that the file has been copied to the server, you need to append it to the authorized_keys file. This should be appended to the end of the file in the event that there are other authorized keys on the system. [rchase@test2 ~]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys Once the process is complete you are ready to login. Since you are using key based authentication you are not prompted for a password when logging into the system.   [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2Last login: Fri Sep  6 17:42:02 2013 from test1 This makes it much easier to run remote commands. Here’s an example of the remote command from earlier. With no password it’s almost as if the command ran locally. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2 'ls -la'total 32drwx------  3 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 17:40 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc As a security consideration it's important to note the permissions of .ssh and the authorized_keys file.  .ssh should be 700 and authorized_keys should be set to 600.  This prevents unauthorized access to ssh keys from other users on the system.   An even easier way to move keys back and forth is to use ssh-copy-id. Instead of copying the file and appending it manually to the authorized_keys file, ssh-copy-id does both steps at once for you.  Here’s an example of moving the same key using ssh-copy-id.The –i in the example is so that we can specify the path to the id file, which in this case is /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [rchase@test1]$ ssh-copy-id -i /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rchase@test2 One of the last tips that I will cover is the ssh config file. By using the ssh config file you can setup host aliases to make logins to hosts with odd ports or long hostnames much easier and simpler to remember. Here’s an example entry in our .ssh/config file. Host dev1 Hostname somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com Port 28372 User somereallylongusername12345678 Let’s compare the login process between the two. Which would you want to type and remember? ssh somereallylongusername12345678@ somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com –p 28372 ssh dev1 I hope you find these tips useful.  There are a number of tools used by system administrators to streamline processes and simplify workflows and whether you are new to Linux or a longtime user, I'm sure you will agree that SSH offers useful features that can be used every day.  Send me your comments and let us know the ways you  use SSH with Linux.  If you have other tools you would like to see covered in a similar post, send in your suggestions.

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  • The great Vanishing Act of INetMgr.exe on my Windows 7 x64 system

    - by marc_s
    I'm facing an odd issue with the IIS Manager on Windows 7 (x64). At home, I have Win7 Professional, and when I check my IIS manager icon in the start menu, I see it links to %windir%\system32\inetsrv\InetMgr.exe When I launch this from the command line, it works like a charm. At work, however, I have Windows 7 Enterprise (x64), and when I check my link in the start menu, the entry is exactly the same. If I click on it - it works like a charm. Now if I'd like to launch it from the command line (cmd.exe or TakeCommand), however - the file just isn't there - a DIR %windir%\system32\inetsrv\*.exe shows a number of files, including a "inetmgr6.exe" - but no "inetmgr.exe" - and of course, I can't launch it either :-( Strangely enough, when I look at the directory %windir%\system32\INetSrv in Windows Explorer or Windows Powershell, I SEE the INetMgr.exe file and I can launch it - no problem. What the **** is going on here? How can I find the INetMgr.exe from my classic command line and launch it from there?? UPDATE: ok, some updates. On my work laptop, the INetMgr.exe file appears to really be located in a directory called c:\windows\syswow64\inetsrv (I'm recalling from memory, so don't quote me on the directory name - something like that). I can see this if I search for it in e.g. Powershell or Windows 7 Explorer. However, from a "classic" command line like cmd.exe, it appears to be in c:\windows\system32\inetsrv ..... hmmm.... trouble is - even though I now know where the file really is, I cannot access that directory from my classic command line - not even if I'm running cmd.exe as admin with elevated privileges....... so I know where the file is, but that still doesn't solve my problem :-(

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