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• Would it be possible to have a UTF-8-like encoding limited to 3 bytes per character?

  - by dan04

  UTF-8 requires 4 bytes to represent characters outside the BMP. That's not bad; it's no worse than UTF-16 or UTF-32. But it's not optimal (in terms of storage space). There are 13 bytes (C0-C1 and F5-FF) that are never used. And multi-byte sequences that are not used such as the ones corresponding to "overlong" encodings. If these had been available to encode characters, then more of them could have been represented by 2-byte or 3-byte sequences (of course, at the expense of making the implementation more complex). Would it be possible to represent all 1,114,112 Unicode code points by a UTF-8-like encoding with at most 3 bytes per character? If not, what is the maximum number of characters such an encoding could represent? By "UTF-8-like", I mean, at minimum: The bytes 0x00-0x7F are reserved for ASCII characters. Byte-oriented find / index functions work correctly. You can't find a false positive by starting in the middle of a character like you can in Shift-JIS.

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• Get notified when objective-c dom updates are ready initiated from webview

  - by Josh

  I am programmatically updating the DOM on a WebKit webview via DOMElement objects - for complex UI, there is usually a javascript component to any element that I add. This begs the need to be notified when the updates complete -- is there any such event? I know regular divs dont fire an onload or onready event, correct? The other assumption I had, which may be totally wrong, is that DOMElement updates aren't synchronous, so I can't do something like this and be confident it will meet with the label actually in the DOM: DOMElement *displayNameLabel = [document createElement:@"div"]; [displayNameLabel setAttribute:@"class" value:@"user-display-name"]; [displayNameLabel setTextContent:currentAvatar.avatarData.displayName]; [[document getElementById:@"user-card-content"] appendChild:displayNameLabel]; id win = [webView windowScriptObject]; [win evaluateWebScript:@"javascriptInstantiateLabel()"]; Is this true? I am using jquery within the body of the html already, so I don't mind subscribing to a particular classes set of events via "live." I thought I might be able to do something like: $(".some-class-to-be-added-later").live( "ready", function(){ // Instantiate some fantastic javascript here for .some-class }); but have experienced no joy so far. Is there any way on either side (objective-c since I don't programmatically firing javascript post load, or javascript) to be notified when the element is in the DOM? Thanks, Josh

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• Automated Oracle Schema Migration Tool

  - by Dave Jarvis

  What are some tools (commercial or OSS) that provide a GUI-based mechanism for creating schema upgrade scripts? To be clear, here are the tool responsibilities: Obtain connection to recent schema version (called "source"). Obtain connection to previous schema version (called "target"). Compare all schema objects between source and target. Create a script to make the target schema equivalent to the source schema ("upgrade script"). Create a rollback script to revert the source schema, used if the upgrade script fails (at any point). Create individual files for schema objects. The software must: Use ALTER TABLE instead of DROP and CREATE for renamed columns. Work with Oracle 10g or greater. Create scripts that can be batch executed (via command-line). Trivial installation process. (Bonus) Create scripts that can be executed with SQL*Plus. Here are some examples (from StackOverflow, ServerFault, and Google searches): Change Manager Oracle SQL Developer Software that does not meet the criteria, or cannot be evaluated, includes: TOAD PL/SQL Developer - Invalid SQL*Plus statements. Does not produce ALTER statements. SQL Fairy - No installer. Complex installation process. Poorly documented. DBDiff - Crippled data set evaluation, poor customer support. OrbitDB - Crippled data set evaluation. SchemaCrawler - No easily identifiable download version for Oracle databases. SQL Compare - SQL Server, not Oracle. LiquiBase - Requires changing the development process. No installer. Manually edit config files. Does not recognize its own baseUrl parameter. The only acceptable crippling of the evaluation version is by time. Crippling by restricting the number of tables and views hides possible bugs that are only visible in the software during the attempt to migrate hundreds of tables and views.

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• How do You Center a TextView in Layout?

  - by Ken

  I have a complex layout, part of which features a value centered over a label, with + and - buttons on either side of the value. I want the value to center between the buttons, whether it is "1" or "99". It looks fine when it's a 2-digit number like "99", but when it's a single digit the number is left-justified. How do I properly center that value? Here's the portion of my layout that does this: <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_above="@id/runway_label" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:orientation="horizontal"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/dec_runway_button" android:src="@drawable/minus_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/runway_value" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#FFFFFF" android:textStyle="bold" android:textSize="40.0sp" android:minWidth="50sp" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_gravity="center" android:shadowColor="#333333" android:shadowDx="2.0" android:shadowDy="2.0" android:shadowRadius="3.0" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/inc_runway_button" android:src="@drawable/plus_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"/> </LinearLayout>

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• Hibernate and parent/child relations

  - by Marco

  Hi to all, I'm using Hibernate in a Java application, and i feel that something could be done better for the management of parent/child relationships. I've a complex set of entities, that have some kind of relationships between them (one-to-many, many-to-many, one-to-one, both unidirectional and bidirectional). Every time an entity is saved and it has a parent, to estabilish the relationship the parent has to add the child to its collection (considering a one-to-may relationship). For example: Parent p = (Parent) session.load(Parent.class, pid); Child c = new Child(); c.setParent(p); p.getChildren().add(c); session.save(c); session.flush(); In the same way, if i remove a child then i have to explicitly remove it from the parent collection too. Child c = (Child) session.load(Child.class, cid); session.delete(c); Parent p = (Parent) session.load(Parent.class, pid); p.getChildren().remove(c); session.flush(); I was wondering if there are some best practices out there to do this jobs in a different way: when i save a child entity, automatically add it to the parent collection. If i remove a child, automatically update the parent collection by removing the child, etc. For example, Child c = new Child(); c.setParent(p); session.save(c); // Automatically update the parent collection session.flush(); or Child c = (Child) session.load(Child.class, cid); session.delete(c); // Automatically updates its parents (could be more than one) session.flush(); Anyway, it would not be difficult to implement this behaviour, but i was wondering if exist some standard tools or well known libraries that deals with this issue. And, if not, what are the reasons? Thanks

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• how to use a generated dbml classes to deserialize xml via linq?

  - by Eelco Meuter

  Hi, I have a complex data structure, which I boiled down in a dbml file with one class and 6 one-to-many relations. This data must also be read via xml. The xml structure is something like: <table id=1> <column 1></column 1> <column n></column n> <m-n table x> <column 1></column 1> </m-n table x> </table> where the tag <m-n table x> is one of the six related tables. The idea is to generate an xsd based upon the dbml, which I can use to create and validate a xml. This xml can hopefully deserialized into the dbml classes. The question is: Can this be done? If so, how do I generate the xsd. I use a sql server express 2008 r2 as backend. Thanks in advance for your time!

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• In .NET when Aborting Thread, can this piece of code get corrupted?

  - by bosko

  Little intro: In complex multithreaded aplication (enterprise service bus EBS), I need to use Thread.Abort, because this EBS accepts user written modules which communicates with hardware security modules. So if this module gets deadlocked or hardware stops responding - i need to just unload this module and rest of this server aplication must keep runnnig. So there is abort sync mechanism which ensures that code can be aborted only in user section and this section must be marked as AbortAble. If this happen there is possibility that ThreadAbortException will be thrown in this pieace of code: public void StopAbortSection() { var id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId; lock (threadIdMap[id]) { .... } } If module is on AbortSection and Aplication decides to abort module, but after this decision but before actual Thread.Abort, module enters NonAbortableSection by calling this method, but lock is actualy taken on that locking object. So lock will block until Abort or abort can be executed before reaching this block by this code. But Object with this method is essential and i need to be sure that this pieace of code is safe to abort in any moment. Probably i have to mention that threadIdMap is Dictionary(int,ManualResetEvent), so locking object is instance of ManualResetEvent. I hope you now understad my question. Sorry for its largeness.

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• Java method keyword "final" and its use

  - by Lukas Eder

  When I create complex type hierarchies (several levels, several types per level), I like to use the final keyword on methods implementing some interface declaration. An example: interface Garble { int zork(); } interface Gnarf extends Garble { /** * This is the same as calling {@link #zblah(0)} */ int zblah(); int zblah(int defaultZblah); } And then abstract class AbstractGarble implements Garble { @Override public final int zork() { ... } } abstract class AbstractGnarf extends AbstractGarble implements Gnarf { // Here I absolutely want to fix the default behaviour of zblah // No Gnarf shouldn't be allowed to set 1 as the default, for instance @Override public final int zblah() { return zblah(0); } // This method is not implemented here, but in a subclass @Override public abstract int zblah(int defaultZblah); } I do this for several reasons: It helps me develop the type hierarchy. When I add a class to the hierarchy, it is very clear, what methods I have to implement, and what methods I may not override (in case I forgot the details about the hierarchy) I think overriding concrete stuff is bad according to design principles and patterns, such as the template method pattern. I don't want other developers or my users do it. So the final keyword works perfectly for me. My question is: Why is it used so rarely in the wild? Can you show me some examples / reasons where final (in a similar case to mine) would be very bad?

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• how to associate the activemq-core.xsd url with the activemq.xsd found in the jar file?

  - by livia

  Hello, Somebody knows how to associate the activemq-core.xsd url with the activemq.xsd found in the jar file (activemq-core-5.2.0.jar)? I dig some solution in internet but didn't work. I'm getting this error: Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 19 in XML document from class path resource [jms-context.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'amq:broker'. at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:404) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:342) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:212) at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:81) at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:42) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:173) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:197) This shoud me hapening because we remove the URL from the schemaLocation (http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core classpath:activemq.xsd), and we are using localy. But I don't know why XML are not finding the activemq.xsd during the build process. I add the JAR file in the classpath, should not work like that?? Thanks in advance for any help

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• Using MongoDB's map/reduce to "group by" two fields

  - by ibz

  I need something slightly more complex than the examples in the MongoDB docs and I can't seem to be able to wrap my head around it. Say I have a collection of objects of the form {date: "2010-10-10", type: "EVENT_TYPE_1", user_id: 123, ...} Now I want to get something similar to a SQL GROUP BY query, grouping over both date and type. That is, I want the number of events of each type in each day. Also, I'd like to make it unique by user_id, ie. if a user has more events in the same day, count it only once. I'm trying to do this with map/reduce. I do db.logs.mapReduce(function() { emit(this.type, 1); }, function(k, vals) { var total = 0; for (var i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) total += vals[i]; return total; }}) which nicely groups by type, but now, how can I group by date at the same time? Seems the key in emit() can't be an array (I thought about doing emit([this.date, this.type], 1)). Also, how can I ensure the per-user uniqueness? I'm just starting with MongoDB and I'm still having trouble grasping the basic concepts. Also, there is not much documentation available out there. Any help from more experienced users is appreciated. Thanks!

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• Building a formset dynamically

  - by vorpyg

  I initially wrote code to build a form dynamically, based on data from the DB, similar to what I described in my previous SO post. As SO user Daniel Roseman points out, he would use a formset for this, and now I've come to the realization that he must be completely right. :) My approach works, basically, but I can't seem to get validation across the entire form to be working properly (I believe it's possible, but it's getting quite complex, and there has to be a smarter way of doing it = Formsets!). So now my question is: How can I build a formset dynamically? Not in an AJAX way, I want each form's label to be populated with an FK value (team) from the DB. As I have a need for passing parameters to the form, I've used this technique from a previous SO post. With the former approach, my view code is (form code in previous link): def render_form(request): teams = Team.objects.filter(game=game) form_collection = [] for team in teams: f = SuggestionForm(request.POST or None, team=team, user=request.user) form_collection.append(f) Now I want to do something like: def render_form(request): teams = Team.objects.filter(game=game) from django.utils.functional import curry from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory formset = formset_factory(SuggestionForm) for team in teams: formset.form.append(staticmethod(curry(SuggestionForm, request.POST or None, team=team, user=request.user))) But the append bit doesn't work. What's the proper way of doing this? Thanks!

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• How do I populate these fields from existing data?

  - by dmanexe

  I'm not sure how to make a few parts of my form to populate from data from an array I'm passing from the database. First is this <select> object. The key estimate_lead_id in the database holds the value, and I want the dropdown to auto-select based on the value from the database. <select name="estimate_lead_id"> <? foreach($leads->result() as $lead) { ?> <option value="<?=$lead->id?>"><?=$lead->lead_name?></option> <? } ?> </select> Second (this is a little more complex), I have created a script that loops through and gets all of the items from each respective category. What I can't get it to do though is loop through these items and only display the items in the estimate, and then fill the fields with the respective values from the database. <?php foreach ($items['items_poolconcretedecking']->result() as $item) { ?> <input type="checkbox" name="measure[<?=$item->id?>][checkmark]" value="<?=$item->id?>"> <input class="item_mult" value="" type="text" name="measure[<?=$item->id?>][quantity]" /> <?php } ?>

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• Is there a Post-Build Extensible Installer System

  - by Will Hughes

  We have a product that we need to create an installer for. It has a number of components which can be installed or not as the situation demands. When we ship our installation package, we want to be able to have that include any number of additional components to be installed. For example, Foo Manager Pro contains: Foo Manager Console Foo Manager Database Foo Manager Services That might be shipped as something like: FooManagerInstaller.exe FMPConsole.pkg FMPDatabase.pkg FMPServices.pkg A package might consist of something like: Manifest Files to be deployed Additional scripts to be executed (eg find file foo.config, do some XML Manipulation) If a client wants to add custom skins and a series of plugins as part of the install, they create their own packages: FMPConsoleSkins.pkg ClientWebservices.pkg If that client then ships it to someone else who wants to add more customisation - they can do so in the same way. We can build this from scratch - but wanted to check if this sort of install system already exists. We already have a set of NAnt scripts which do something not too far from this. But they're difficult to maintain, and quite complex. They don't offer any of the 'niceties' that we'd expect from an installer (like tracking deployed files and removing them if the install fails). We've been looking a little bit at NSIS and building MSIs using WiX, but it's not clear that these can offer us the capability for downstream to provide additional packages, without inventing our own installer language.

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• Powershell - Splitting string into seperate components

  - by TheD

  I am writing a script which will basically do the following: Read from a text file some arguements: DriveLetter ThreeLetterCode ServerName VolumeLetter Integer Eg. W MSS SERVER01 C 1 These values happen to form a folder destination W:\MSS\, and a filename which works in the following naming convention: SERVERNAME_VOLUMELETTER_VOL-b00X-iYYY.spi - Where The X is the Integer above The value Y I need to work out later, as this happens to be the value of the incremental image (backups) and I need to work out the latest incremental. So at the moment -- Count lines in file, and loop for this many lines. $lines = Get-Content -Path PostBackupCheck-Textfile.txt | Measure-Object -Line for ($i=0; $i -le $lines.Lines; $i++) Within this loop I need to do a Get-Content to read off the line I am currently looking at i.e. line 0, line 1, line 2, as there will be multiple lines in the format I wrote at the beginning and split the line into an array, whereby each part of the file, as seen above naming convention, is in a[0], a[1], a[2]. etc The reason for this is because, I need to then sort the folder that contains these, find the latest file, by date, and take the _iXXX.spi part and place this into the array value a[X] so I then have a complete filename to mount. This value will replace iYYY.spi It's a little complex because I also have to make sure when I do a Get-ChildItem with -Include before I sort it all by date, I am only including the filename that matches the arguements fed to it from the text file : So, SERVER01_C_VOL-b001-iYYY.spi and not anything else. i.e. not SERVER01_D_VOL-b001-iYYY.spi Then take the iYYY value from the sort on the Get-ChildItem -Include and place that into the appropriate array item. I've literally no idea where to start, so any ideas are appreciated! Hopefully I've explained in enough detail. I have also placed the code on Pastebin: http://pastebin.com/vtFifTW6 Thanks!

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• php user authentication libraries / frameworks ... what are the options?

  - by es11

  I am using PHP and the codeigniter framework for a project I am working on, and require a user login/authentication system. For now I'd rather not use SSL (might be overkill and the fact that I am using shared hosting discourages this). I have considered using openID but decided that since my target audience is generally not technical, it might scare users away (not to mention that it requires mirroring of login information etc.). I know that I could write a hash based authentication (such as sha1) since there is no sensitive data being passed (I'd compare the level of sensitivity to that of stackoverflow). That being said, before making a custom solution, it would be nice to know if there are any good libraries or packages out there that you have used to provide semi-secure authentication? I am new to codeigniter, but something that integrates well with it would be preferable. Any ideas? (i'm open to criticism on my approach and open to suggestions as to why I might be crazy not to just use ssl). Thanks in advance. Update: I've looked into some of the suggestions. I am curious to try out zend-auth since it seems well supported and well built. Does anyone have experience with using zend-auth in codeigniter (is it too bulky?) and do you have a good reference on integrating it with CI? I do not need any complex authentication schemes..just a simple login/logout/password-management authorization system. Also, dx_auth seems interesting as well, however I am worried that it is too buggy. Has anybody else had success with this? I realized that I would also like to manage guest users (i.e. users that do not login/register) in a similar way to stackoverflow..so any suggestions that have this functionality would be great

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• ASP.NET MVC Map String Url To A Route Value Object

  - by mwgriffiths

  I am creating a modular ASP.NET MVC application using areas. In short, I have created a greedy route that captures all routes beginning with {application}/{*catchAll}. Here is the action: // get /application/index public ActionResult Index(string application, object catchAll) { // forward to partial request to return partial view ViewData["partialRequest"] = new PartialRequest(catchAll); // this gets called in the view page and uses a partial request class to return a partial view } Example: The Url "/Application/Accounts/LogOn" will then cause the Index action to pass "/Accounts/LogOn" into the PartialRequest, but as a string value. // partial request constructor public PartialRequest(object routeValues) { RouteValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(routeValues); } In this case, the route value dictionary will not return any values for the routeData, whereas if I specify a route in the Index Action: ViewData["partialRequest"] = new PartialRequest(new { controller = "accounts", action = "logon" }); It works, and the routeData values contains a "controller" key and an "action" key; whereas before, the keys are empty, and therefore the rest of the class wont work. So my question is, how can I convert the "/Accounts/LogOn" in the catchAll to "new { controller = "accounts", action = "logon" }"?? If this is not clear, I will explain more! :) Matt This is the "closest" I have got, but it obviously wont work for complex routes: // split values into array var routeParts = catchAll.ToString().Split(new char[] { '/' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // feels like a hack catchAll = new { controller = routeParts[0], action = routeParts[1] };

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• Bi-directional view model syncing with "live" collections and properties (MVVM)

  - by Schneider

  I am getting my knickers in a twist recently about View Models (VM). Just like this guy I have come to the conclusion that the collections I need to expose on my VM typically contain a different type to the collections exposed on my business objects. Hence there must be a bi-directional mapping or transformation between these two types. (Just to complicate things, on my project this data is "Live" such that as soon as you change a property it gets transmitted to other computers) I can just about cope with that concept, using a framework like Truss, although I suspect there will be a nasty surprise somewhere within. Not only must objects be transformed but a synchronization between these two collections is required. (Just to complicate things I can think of cases where the VM collection might be a subset or union of business object collections, not simply a 1:1 synchronization). I can see how to do a one-way "live" sync, using a replicating ObservableCollection or something like CLINQ. The problem then becomes: What is the best way to create/delete items? Bi-directinal sync does not seem to be on the cards - I have found no such examples, and the only class that supports anything remotely like that is the ListCollectionView. Would bi-directional sync even be a sensible way to add back into the business object collection? All the samples I have seen never seem to tackle anything this "complex". So my question is: How do you solve this? Is there some technique to update the model collections from the VM? What is the best general approach to this?

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• Strangely structured xml code finding last value of a certain type using java

  - by Damien.Bell

  Thus the structure is something like this: OasisReportMessagePayloadRTOReport_ItemReport_Data Under report data it's broken into categories: >>Zone >>Type >>Value >>Interval What I need to do is: Get the value if the type is equal to 'myType' and the interval value is the LARGEST. So an example of the xml might be (under report_data): OasisReport MessagePayload RTO REPORT_ITEM REPORT_DATA <zone>myZone1</zone> -- This should be the same in all reports since I only get them for 1 zone <type>myType</type> --This can change from line to line <value>12345</value>--This changes every interval <Interval>122</Interval> -- This is essentially how many 5 minute intervals have taken place since the beginning of a day, finding the "max" lets me know it's the newest data. Thereby I want to find stuff of "MyType" for the "max" interval and pull the Value (into a string, or a double, if not I can convert from string. Can someone help me with this task? Thanks! Note: I've used Xpath to handle things like this in the past, but it seems outlandish for this... as it's SO complex (since not all the reports live in the same report_item, and not all the types are the same in each report)

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• Goal setting/tracking packages

  - by Avi

  I'm a developer working by myself. I'm looking for a computerized tool to manage my goals and activities. I own it Microsoft Project, but I don't like it. I've started many "projects" but could never keep on using it. Too complex and heavyweight for me. I use MS-Outlook tasks. They are not what I need. No planning capability. Tracking is not nice. I'm using the Pomodoro technique and I like it, but I'm looking for something more comprehensive and with better computerized support. Something that would allow me to define goals with dependencies and time estimation, keep daily prioritized lists etc. So, I'm looking for a solution. One I've found is GoalPro, but I don't like the fact I could not find a "top ten comparison". Are you using any goal setting package such as GoalPro? Which? Does it help? Pros and Cons?

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• VS2010 : javascript intellisense : specifying properties for 'options' objects passed to methods

  - by Master Morality

  Since javascript intellisense actually seems to work in VS2010, I thought I might add some to those scripts I include in almost everything. The trouble is, on some complex functions, I use option objects instead of passing umpteen different parameters, like so: function myFunc(options){ var myVar1 = options.myVar1, myVar2 = options.myVar2, myVar3 = options.myVar3; ... } the trouble I am running into is, there doesn't seem to be a way to specify what properties options needs to have. I've tried this: function myFunc(options){ ///<summary>my func does stuff...</summary> ///<param name="options"> ///myVar1 : the first var ///myVar2 : the second var ///myVar3 : the third var ///</param> var myVar1 = options.myVar1, myVar2 = options.myVar2, myVar3 = options.myVar3; ... } but the line breaks are removed and all the property comments run together, making them stupidly hard to read. I've tried the <para> tags, but to no avail. If anyone has any ideas on how I might achieve this, please let me know. -Brandon

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• Appropriate wx.Sizer(s) for the job?

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  I have a space in which I would like certain elements (represented here by A, B, D, and G) to each be in its own "corner" of the design. The corners ought to line up as if each of the four elements was repelling the other; a rectangle. This is to be contained within an unresizable panel. I will have several similar panels and want to keep the location of the elements as identical as possible. (I needed something a little more complex than a wx.Wizard, but with the same general idea.) AAAAAAAAAA BB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDD EEE FFF GGG A represents a text in a large font. B represents a numeric progress meter (e.g. "1 of 7") in a small font. C represents a large block of text. D, E, F, and G are buttons. The G button is separated from others for functionality. I have attempted nested wx.BoxSizers (horizontal boxes inside of one vertical box) without luck. My first problem with wx.BoxSizer is that the .SetMinSize on my last row has not been honored. The second problem is that I have no idea how to make the G button "take up space" without growing comically large, or how I can jam it up against the right edge and bottom edge. I have tried to use a wx.GridBagSizer, but ran into entirely different issues. After plowing through the various online tutorials and wxPython in Action, I'm a little frustrated. The relevant forums appear to see activity once every two weeks. "Playing around with it" has gotten me nowhere; I feel as if I am trying to smooth out a hump in ill-laid carpet.

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• howto distinguish composition and self-typing use-cases

  - by ayvango

  Scala has two instruments for expressing object composition: original self-type concept and well known trivial composition. I'm curios what situations I should use which in. There are obvious differences in their applicability. Self-type requires you to use traits. Object composition allows you to change extensions on run-time with var declaration. Leaving technical details behind I can figure two indicators to help with classification of use cases. If some object used as combinator for a complex structure such as tree or just have several similar typed parts (1 car to 4 wheels relation) than it should use composition. There is extreme opposite use case. Lets assume one trait become too big to clearly observe it and it got split. It is quite natural that you should use self-types for this case. That rules are not absolute. You may do extra work to convert code between this techniques. e.g. you may replace 4 wheels composition with self-typing over Product4. You may use Cake[T <: MyType] {part : MyType} instead of Cake { this : MyType => } for cake pattern dependencies. But both cases seem counterintuitive and give you extra work. There are plenty of boundary use cases although. One-to-one relations is very hard to decide with. Is there any simple rule to decide what kind of technique is preferable? self-type makes you classes abstract, composition makes your code verbose. self-type gives your problems with blending namespaces and also gives you extra typing for free (you got not just a cocktail of two elements but gasoline-motor oil cocktail known as a petrol bomb). How can I choose between them? What hints are there? Update: Let us discuss the following example: Adapter pattern. What benefits it has with both selt-typing and composition approaches?

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• Creating an API for an ASP.NET MVC site with rate-limiting and caching

  - by Maxim Z.

  Recently, I've been very interested in APIs, specifically in how to create them. For the purpose of this question, let's say that I have created an ASP.NET MVC site that has some data on it; I want to create an API for this site. I have multiple questions about this: What type of API should I create? I know that REST and oData APIs are very popular. What are the pros and cons of each, and how do I implement them? From what I understand so far, REST APIs with ASP.NET MVC would just be actions that return JSON instead of Views, and oData APIs are documented here. How do I handle writing? Reading from both API types is quite simple. However, writing is more complex. With the REST approach, I understand that I can use HTTP POST, but how do I implement authentication? Also, with oData, how does writing work in the first place? How do I implement basic rate-limiting and caching? From my past experience with APIs, these are very important things, so that the API server isn't overloaded. What's the best way to set these two things up? Can I get some sample code? Any code that relates to C# and ASP.NET MVC would be appreciated. Thanks in advance! While this is a broad question, I think it's not too broad... :) There are some similar questions to this one that are about APIs, but I haven't found any that directly address the questions I outlined here.

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• How should I avoid memoization causing bugs in Ruby?

  - by Andrew Grimm

  Is there a consensus on how to avoid memoization causing bugs due to mutable state? In this example, a cached result had its state mutated, and therefore gave the wrong result the second time it was called. class Greeter def initialize @greeting_cache = {} end def expensive_greeting_calculation(formality) case formality when :casual then "Hi" when :formal then "Hello" end end def greeting(formality) unless @greeting_cache.has_key?(formality) @greeting_cache[formality] = expensive_greeting_calculation(formality) end @greeting_cache[formality] end end def memoization_mutator greeter = Greeter.new first_person = "Bob" # Mildly contrived in this case, # but you could encounter this in more complex scenarios puts(greeter.greeting(:casual) << " " << first_person) # => Hi Bob second_person = "Sue" puts(greeter.greeting(:casual) << " " << second_person) # => Hi Bob Sue end memoization_mutator Approaches I can see to avoid this are: greeting could return a dup or clone of @greeting_cache[formality] greeting could freeze the result of @greeting_cache[formality]. That'd cause an exception to be raised when memoization_mutator appends strings to it. Check all code that uses the result of greeting to ensure none of it does any mutating of the string. Is there a consensus on the best approach? Is the only disadvantage of doing (1) or (2) decreased performance? (I also suspect freezing an object may not work fully if it has references to other objects) Side note: this problem doesn't affect the main application of memoization: as Fixnums are immutable, calculating Fibonacci sequences doesn't have problems with mutable state. :)

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• Nested parsers in happy / infinite loop?

  - by McManiaC

  I'm trying to write a parser for a simple markup language with happy. Currently, I'm having some issues with infinit loops and nested elements. My markup language basicly consists of two elements, one for "normal" text and one for bold/emphasized text. data Markup = MarkupText String | MarkupEmph [Markup] For example, a text like Foo *bar* should get parsed as [MarkupText "Foo ", MarkupEmph [MarkupText "bar"]]. Lexing of that example works fine, but the parsing it results in an infinite loop - and I can't see why. This is my current approach: -- The main parser: Parsing a list of "Markup" Markups :: { [Markup] } : Markups Markup { $1 ++ [$2] } | Markup { [$1] } -- One single markup element Markup :: { Markup } : '*' Markups1 '*' { MarkupEmph $2 } | Markup1 { $1 } -- The nested list inside *..* Markups1 :: { [Markup] } : Markups1 Markup1 { $1 ++ [$2] } | Markup1 { [$1] } -- Markup which is always available: Markup1 :: { Markup } : String { MarkupText $1 } What's wrong with that approach? How could the be resolved? Update: Sorry. Lexing wasn't working as expected. The infinit loop was inside the lexer. Sorry. :) Update 2: On request, I'm using this as lexer: lexer :: String -> [Token] lexer [] = [] lexer str@(c:cs) | c == '*' = TokenSymbol "*" : lexer cs -- ...more rules... | otherwise = TokenString val : lexer rest where (val, rest) = span isValidChar str isValidChar = (/= '*') The infinit recursion occured because I had lexer str instead of lexer cs in that first rule for '*'. Didn't see it because my actual code was a bit more complex. :)

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