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  • Difference between Document-oriented-DB and Bigtable clones

    - by chen
    We are looking for a suitable storage engine for our weblog history data. We looked at Bigtable's paper and understand it is suitable to us well. However, I also understand that Document-oriented-DB such as MongoDB seems to provide a little more powerful schema power -- i.e, it can model our data as well. I wonder how nowadays ppl choose a scalable NoSQL DB --- I read enough articles like "we looked at A, B and C, and we decided to use C". But I'd like to see some benchmark number. What I am saying is that if MongoDB and the like can provide same level of performance as Bigtable clones, why don't web companies choose it (preparing to deal with various potentially more complex data problem)? Thanks, By the way, I read an article (which convinced me at the moment) saying Cassandra does not fit the M/R operation, any comments?

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  • Spring Weblfow 2 - Double Submit

    - by John W.
    Hello All, I am investigating a possible issue with double submits and I am looking at the possibilty of a double submit from a webflow execution. I have read many times that webflow will handle double submits, there are plenty references here. However I then came across I a forum response on the spring source forums contradicting what I read saying, SWF synchronizes on the conversation. Only one request will be processed at a time per conversation. Take note that if you're using snapshots, then it's possible repeatedly clicking on the submit button will generate a second request. I would recommend setting history to invalidate or discard in the transition from your view-state. We do have snapshots enabled but the book notes that using snapshots actually allows to solve the double submits. Does anyone have any insight on this? Thanks.

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  • Apache POI HWPF Nested Lists?

    - by Mahadevan
    Hi, I used the following code to read list structures from a word file using hwpf. My question is how to read a list structure that is nested ie a list within a list within a list and so on. if (p instanceof ListEntry) { ListEntry entry = (ListEntry) p; outText = entry.text(); outText = "<li>" + outText + "</li>"; // verifca prima e ultimo if (i > 1) { pPrev = range.getParagraph(i - 1); if (!(pPrev instanceof ListEntry)) outText = "<ul>" + outText; } if (i < nParagrafi - 1) { pNext = range.getParagraph(i + 1); if (!(pNext instanceof ListEntry)) outText = outText + "</ul>"; } if (i == nParagrafi - 1) { outText = outText + "</ul>"; }

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  • FoxPro to C#: What best method between ODBC, OLE DB or another?

    - by Martin Labelle
    We need to read data from FoxPro 8 with C#. I'm gonna do some operations, and will push some of thoses data to an SQL Server database. We are not sure what's best method to read those data. I saw OLE DB and ODBC; what's best? REQUIRMENTS: The export program will run each night, but my company runs 24h a day. The DBF could sometimes be huge. We DON'T need to modify data. Our system, wich use FoxPro, is quite unstable: I need to find a way that ABSOLUTELY do not corrupt data, and, ideally, do not lock DBF files while reading. Speed is a minor requirement: it must be quick, but requirement #4 is most important.

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  • PyQt4, QThread and opening big files without freezing the GUI

    - by jmrbcu
    Hi, I would like to ask how to read a big file from disk and maintain the PyQt4 UI responsive (not blocked). I had moved the load of the file to a QThread subclass but my GUI thread get freezed. Any suggestions? I think it must be something with the GIL but I don't know how to sort it? EDIT: I am using vtkGDCMImageReader from the GDCM project to read a multiframe DICOM image and display it with vtk and pyqt4. I do this load in a different thread (QThread) but my app freeze until the image is loaded. here is an example code: class ReadThread(QThread): def __init__(self, file_name): super(ReadThread, self).__init__(self) self.file_name = file_name self.reader.vtkgdcm.vtkGDCMImageReader() def run(self): self.reader.SetFileName(self.file_name) self.reader.Update() self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL('image_loaded'), self.reader.GetOutput())

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  • Using Multiple File Handles for Single File

    - by Ryan Rosario
    I have an O(n^2) operation that requires me to read line i from a file, and then compare line i to every line in the file. This repeats for all i. I wrote the following code to do this with 2 file handles, but it does not yield the result I am looking for. I imagine this is a simple error on my part. IN1 = open("myfile.dat","r") IN2 = open("myfile.dat","r") for line1 in IN1: for line2 in IN2: print line1.strip(), line2.strip() IN1.close() IN2.close() The result: Hello Hello Hello World Hello This Hello is Hello an Hello Example Hello of Hello Using Hello Two Hello File Hello Pointers Hello to Hello Read Hello One Hello File The output should contain 15^2 lines.

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  • How can I install ruby on rails with rvm?

    - by yeahthatguyrightthere
    I've been searching around on how to install it through the terminal on my mac. I'm using snow leopard. When I use the command: rvm install 1.9.3 I've also followed the other procedures that led me up to this to install, right now the current version is 1.8.3 Error running './configure --prefix="/Users/jose/.rvm/usr" ', please read /Users/jose/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p125/yaml/configure.log Then it mentions something about xcode and autoreconf was not found in the PATH. Error running 'patch -F 25 -p1 -N -f <"/Users/jose/.rvm/patches/ruby/1.9.3/p125/xcode-debugopt-fix-e34840.diff"',please read /Users/jose/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p125/patch.apply.xcode-debugopt-fix-r34840.log rvm requires autoreconf to install the selected ruby interpreter however autoreconf was not found in the PATH I been trying for awhile now, and found out i need to have Xcode for snow leopard which I cannot find. So my last option will be to upgrade to lion but I don't know about upgrading. Kind of scared to upgrade and everything becomes buggy.

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  • Java applet - access denied to file on same web server

    - by me_here
    I've written a simple Java applet to generate a technical image based upon some data in a CSV file. I'm passing in the CSV file as a parameter to the applet: <applet code = "assaymap.AssayMapApplet" archive = "http://localhost/applet_test/AssayMap.jar" height="600px" width="800px"> <param name="csvFile" value="http://localhost/applet_test/test.csv"> </applet> As far as I understood applet security restrictions, an applet should be able to read data from the host they're on. These applets here http://www.jalview.org/examples/applets.html are using the same approach of passing in a text data file as a parameter. So I'm not sure why my own applet isn't working. The error message I get thrown is: Error with processing the CSV data. java.security.AccessControlException: access denied (java.io.FilePermission http:\localhost\applet_test\test.csv read)

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  • A couple questions using fwrite/fread with data structures

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, I'm using fwrite() and fread() for the first time to write some data structures to disk and I have a couple of questions about best practices and proper ways of doing things. What I'm writing to disk (so I can later read it back) is all user profiles inserted in a Graph structure. Each graph vertex is of the following type: typedef struct sUserProfile { char name[NAME_SZ]; char address[ADDRESS_SZ]; int socialNumber; char password[PASSWORD_SZ]; HashTable *mailbox; short msgCount; } UserProfile; And this is how I'm currently writing all the profiles to disk: void ioWriteNetworkState(SocialNetwork *social) { Vertex *currPtr = social->usersNetwork->vertices; UserProfile *user; FILE *fp = fopen("save/profiles.dat", "w"); if(!fp) { perror("fopen"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } fwrite(&(social->usersCount), sizeof(int), 1, fp); while(currPtr) { user = (UserProfile*)currPtr->value; fwrite(&(user->socialNumber), sizeof(int), 1, fp); fwrite(user->name, sizeof(char)*strlen(user->name), 1, fp); fwrite(user->address, sizeof(char)*strlen(user->address), 1, fp); fwrite(user->password, sizeof(char)*strlen(user->password), 1, fp); fwrite(&(user->msgCount), sizeof(short), 1, fp); break; currPtr = currPtr->next; } fclose(fp); } Notes: The first fwrite() you see will write the total user count in the graph so I know how much data I need to read back. The break is there for testing purposes. There's thousands of users and I'm still experimenting with the code. My questions: After reading this I decided to use fwrite() on each element instead of writing the whole structure. I also avoid writing the pointer to to the mailbox as I don't need to save that pointer. So, is this the way to go? Multiple fwrite()'s instead of a global one for the whole structure? Isn't that slower? How do I read back this content? I know I have to use fread() but I don't know the size of the strings, cause I used strlen() to write them. I could write the output of strlen() before writing the string, but is there any better way without extra writes?

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  • Advanced Java book in the lines of CLR via c# or C# in Depth?

    - by devoured elysium
    I want to learn about how things work in depth in Java. Coming from a c# background, there were a couple of very good books that go really deep in c# (C# in depth, CLR via c#, just to name the most popular). Is there anything like that in Java? I searched it up on amazon but nothing seemed to go that deep in Java as the two above go in c#. I don't want to know more about specific classes, or how to use this library or that other library, I want to learn how the objects are created on memory, how they get created on the stack, heap, etc. A more fundamental knowledge, let's say. I've read some chapters of Effective Java and The Java Programming Language but they don't seem to go so deep as I'd want them to go. Maybe there are other people that know both c# and Java that have read any of the referred books and know any that might be useful? Thanks

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  • Serialization problem

    - by Falcon eyes
    Hi Every body I have a problem and want help. I have created a phonebook application and it works fine after a awhile i liked to make an upgrade for my application and i started from scratch i didn't inherit it from my old class,and i successes too ,my request "I want to migrate my contacts from the old application to the new one" ,so i made an adapter class for this reason in my new application with the following code using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; namespace PhoneBook { class Adapter { PhoneRecord PhRecord; //the new application object CTeleRecord TelRecord; //the old application object string fileName; public Adapter(string filename) { fileName = filename; } public void convert() { PhRecord = new PhoneRecord(); TelRecord = new CTeleRecord(); FileStream OpFileSt = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read); BinaryFormatter readBin = new BinaryFormatter(); for (; ; ) { try { TelRecord.ResetTheObject(); TelRecord = (CTeleRecord)readBin.Deserialize(OpFileSt); PhRecord.SetName = TelRecord.GetName; PhRecord.SetHomeNumber = TelRecord.GetHomeNumber; PhRecord.SetMobileNumber = TelRecord.GetMobileNumber; PhRecord.SetWorkNumber = TelRecord.GetWorkNumber; PhRecord.SetSpecialNumber = TelRecord.GetSpecialNumber; PhRecord.SetEmail = TelRecord.GetEmail; PhRecord.SetNotes = TelRecord.GetNotes; PhBookContainer.phBookItems.Add(PhRecord); } catch (IOException xxx) { MessageBox.Show(xxx.Message); } catch (ArgumentException tt) { MessageBox.Show(tt.Message); } //if end of file is reached catch (SerializationException x) { MessageBox.Show(x.Message + x.Source); break; } } OpFileSt.Close(); PhBookContainer.Save(@"d:\MyPhBook.pbf"); } } } the problem is when i try to read the file ctreated by my old application i receive serialization exception with this message "Unabel to find assembly 'PhoneBook,Version=1.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicK eyToken=null" and the source of exceptionis mscorlib. when i read the same file with my old application(Which is the origin of the file)i have no problem and idon't know what to do to make my adapter class work.so can somebody help please.

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  • Is O_NONBLOCK being set a property of the file descriptor or underlying file?

    - by Daniel Trebbien
    From what I have been reading on The Open Group website on fcntl, open, read, and write, I get the impression that whether O_NONBLOCK is set on a file descriptor, and hence whether non-blocking I/O is used with the descriptor, should be a property of that file descriptor rather than the underlying file. Being a property of the file descriptor means, for example, that if I duplicate a file descriptor or open another descriptor to the same file, then I can use blocking I/O with one and non-blocking I/O with the other. Experimenting with a FIFO, however, it appears that it is not possible to have a blocking I/O descriptor and non-blocking I/O descriptor to the FIFO simultaneously (so whether O_NONBLOCK is set is a property of the underlying file [the FIFO]): #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fds[2]; if (pipe(fds) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "`pipe` failed.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } int fd0_dup = dup(fds[0]); if (fd0_dup <= STDERR_FILENO) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to duplicate the read end\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (fds[0] == fd0_dup) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should not equal `fd0_dup`.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if ((fcntl(fds[0], F_GETFL) & O_NONBLOCK)) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should not have `O_NONBLOCK` set.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (fcntl(fd0_dup, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd0_dup, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set `O_NONBLOCK` on `fd0_dup`\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if ((fcntl(fds[0], F_GETFL) & O_NONBLOCK)) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should still have `O_NONBLOCK` unset.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; // RETURNS HERE } char buf[1]; if (read(fd0_dup, buf, 1) != -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Expected `read` on `fd0_dup` to fail immediately\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } else if (errno != EAGAIN) { fprintf(stderr, "Expected `errno` to be `EAGAIN`\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } This leaves me thinking: is it ever possible to have a non-blocking I/O descriptor and blocking I/O descriptor to the same file and if so, does it depend on the type of file (regular file, FIFO, block special file, character special file, socket, etc.)?

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  • Get last n lines of a file with Python, similar to tail

    - by Armin Ronacher
    I'm writing a log file viewer for a web application and for that I want to paginate through the lines of the log file. The items in the file are line based with the newest item on the bottom. So I need a tail() method that can read n lines from the bottom and supports an offset. What I came up with looks like this: def tail(f, n, offset=0): """Reads a n lines from f with an offset of offset lines.""" avg_line_length = 74 to_read = n + offset while 1: try: f.seek(-(avg_line_length * to_read), 2) except IOError: # woops. apparently file is smaller than what we want # to step back, go to the beginning instead f.seek(0) pos = f.tell() lines = f.read().splitlines() if len(lines) >= to_read or pos == 0: return lines[-to_read:offset and -offset or None] avg_line_length *= 1.3 Is this a reasonable approach? What is the recommended way to tail log files with offsets?

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  • shutil.rmtree fails on Windows with 'Access is denied'

    - by Sridhar Ratnakumar
    In Python, when running shutil.rmtree over a folder that contains a read-only file, the following exception is printed: File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 221, in rmtree onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info()) File "C:\ActivePython32Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 219, in rmtree os.remove(fullname) WindowsError: [Error 5] Access is denied: 'build\\pyhg_trunk-win32-x86-hgtip27\\image\\feature-core\\INSTALLDIR\\tcl\\tcl8.5\\msgs\\af.msg' Looking in File Properties dialog I noticed that af.msg file is set to be read-only. So the question is: what is the simplest workaround/fix to get around this problem - given that my intention is to do an equivalent of rm -rf build/ but on Windows? (without having to use unxutils or cygwin)

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  • Cython Speed Boost vs. Usability

    - by zubin71
    I just came across Cython, while I was looking out for ways to optimize Python code. I read various posts on stackoverflow, the python wiki and read the article "General Rules for Optimization". Cython is something which grasps my interest the most; instead of writing C-code for yourself, you can choose to have other datatypes in your python code itself. Here is a silly test i tried, #!/usr/bin/python # test.pyx def test(value): for i in xrange(value): i**2 if(i==1000000): print i test(10000001) $ time python test.pyx real 0m16.774s user 0m16.745s sys 0m0.024s $ time cython test.pyx real 0m0.513s user 0m0.196s sys 0m0.052s Now, honestly, i`m dumbfounded. The code which I have used here is pure python code, and all I have changed is the interpreter. In this case, if cython is this good, then why do people still use the traditional Python interpretor? Are there any reliability issues for Cython?

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  • ASP.NET MVC Authentication Cookie Not Being Retrieved

    - by Jamie Wright
    I am having a hard time implementing "Remember Me" functionality in an MVC application with a custom principal. I have boiled it down to ASP.NET not retrieving the authentication cookie for me. I have included a snaphot below from Google Chrome. Shows the results of Request.Cookies that is set within the controller action and placed in ViewData for the view to read. Notice that it is missing the .ASPXAUTH cookie Shows the results from the Chrome developer tools. You can see that .ASPXAUTH is included here. Does anyone know what the issue may be here? Why does ASP.NET not read this value from the cookie collection?

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  • SqlCommand() ExecuteNonQuery() truncates command text.

    - by H. Abraham Chavez
    I'm building a custom db deployment utility, I need to read text files containing sql scripts and execute them against the database. Pretty easy stuff, so far so good. However I've encountered a snag, the contents of the file are read successfully and entirely, but once passed into the SqlCommand and then executed with SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery only part of the script is executed. I fired up Profiler and confirmed that my code is not passing all of the script. private void ExecuteScript(string cmd, SqlConnection sqlConn, SqlTransaction trans) { SqlCommand sqlCmd = new SqlCommand(cmd, sqlConn, trans); sqlCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text; sqlCmd.CommandTimeout = 9000000; // for testing sqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } // I call it like this, readDMLScript contains 543 lines of T-SQL string readDMLScript = ReadFile(dmlFile); ExecuteScript(readDMLScript, sqlConn, trans);

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  • AES decryption in Java - IvParameterSpec to big

    - by user1277269
    Im going to decrypt a plaintext with two keys. As you see in the picture were have one encrypted file wich contains KEY1(128 bytes),KEYIV(128 bytes),key2(128bytes) wich is not used in this case then we have the ciphertext. The error I get here is "Exception in thread "main" java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Wrong IV length: must be 16 bytes long. but it is 64 bytes." Picture: http://i264.photobucket.com/albums/ii200/XeniuM05/bg_zps0a523659.png public class AES { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { byte[] encKey1 = new byte[128]; byte[] EncIV = new byte[256]; byte[] UnEncIV = new byte[128]; byte[] unCrypKey = new byte[128]; byte[] unCrypText = new byte[1424]; File f = new File("C://ftp//ciphertext.enc"); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(F); byte[] EncText = new byte[(int) f.length()]; fis.read(encKey1); fis.read(EncIV); fis.read(EncText); EncIV = Arrays.copyOfRange(EncIV, 128, 256); EncText = Arrays.copyOfRange(EncText, 384, EncText.length); System.out.println(EncText.length); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); char[] password = "lab1StorePass".toCharArray(); java.io.FileInputStream fos = new java.io.FileInputStream( "C://ftp//lab1Store"); ks.load(fos, password); char[] passwordkey1 = "lab1KeyPass".toCharArray(); PrivateKey Lab1EncKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey("lab1EncKeys", passwordkey1); Cipher rsaDec = Cipher.getInstance("RSA"); // set cipher to RSA decryption rsaDec.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Lab1EncKey); // initalize cipher ti lab1key unCrypKey = rsaDec.doFinal(encKey1); // Decryps first key UnEncIV = rsaDec.doFinal(EncIV); //decryps encive byte array to undecrypted bytearray---- OBS! Error this is 64 BYTES big, we want 16? System.out.println("lab1key "+ unCrypKey +" IV " + UnEncIV); //-------CIPHERTEXT decryption--------- Cipher AESDec = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); //---------convert decrypted bytearrays to acctual keys SecretKeySpec unCrypKey1 = new SecretKeySpec(unCrypKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(UnEncIV); AESDec.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, unCrypKey1, ivSpec ); unCrypText = AESDec.doFinal(EncText); // Convert decrypted cipher bytearray to string String deCryptedString = new String(unCrypKey); System.out.println(deCryptedString); }

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  • How do I debug a .NET executable at MSIL-level?

    - by Eyal
    I have a .NET executable file that I need to debug. I would like to step into it so that it stops on the first instruction and have a visual interface for single-stepping, breakpoints, etc. This seems like it should be easier but I haven't yet found a solution! I read about DbgCLR.exe on the web but I can't find that file on my system or online for the life of me. I also read somewhere that DbgCLR.exe is no longer necessary because Visual Studio can do the same thing. A Visual Studio .NET solution would be great, too! (Maybe there's a menu item that I overlooked?) Either will suit, so long as I can inspect the stack, set breakpoints, etc.

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  • How does jQuery stores data with .data()?

    - by TK
    I am a little confused how jQuery stores data with .data() functions. Is this something called expando? Or is this using HTML5 Web Storage although I think this is very unlikely? The documentation says: The .data() method allows us to attach data of any type to DOM elements in a way that is safe from circular references and therefore from memory leaks. As I read about expando, it seems to have a rick of memory leak. Unfortunately my skills are not enough to read and understand jQuery code itself, but I want to know how jQuery stores such data by using data(). http://api.jquery.com/data/

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  • Is it worthwhile learning about Emacs? [closed]

    - by dole doug
    Hi there Some time ago, I've heard what a great tool Emacs can be. I've read some papers about it and some watched some video too. I've read that emacs is great not only for developers but for usual users too...so i decided to start learning how to use it and wok with it. The problem is that I'm a MS Windows user and I learn in my spare time PHP and C(I also did some products on those languages, but i still considering myself in learning stage). Another problem is that I learn alone (no friends around to ask/learn from them, programming related stuff). Can you give me some tips about how to use those type of tools(especially those written for gnu/unix) with "poor" GUI but rich features? Do you recommend to use the specific windows written applications only and forget about those which come from GNU?

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  • Is this way of storing typed objects in memory good?

    - by Pindatjuh
    This is an "is this okay, or can it be done better" question. Topic: Storing typed objects in memory. Background information: I'm building a compiler for the x86-32 platform for my language. My goal includes typed objects. Idea: Every primitive is a semi-class (it can be used as if it was a normal class, but it's stored more compact). Every class is represented by primitives and some meta-data (containing class-properties, inheritance stuff, etc.). The meta-data is complex: it doesn't use fields but instead context-switches. For primitives, the meta-data is very small, compared to a "real" class, which is alot bigger. This enables another idea that "primitives are objects", in my language, which I found nessecairy. Example: If I have an array of 32 booleans, then the pure content of this array is exactly 4 byte (32 bits of booleans). The meta-data will contain flags that the type is an array of booleans, which contains 32 entries. The meta-data is very compacted, on bit-level: using a sort of "packing" mechanism, which is read by a FSM at runtime, when doing inspection of the type (like when passing the object to methods for checking, etc.) For instance (read from left to right, top to bottom, remember vertical possition when going to the right, and check nearest column header for meaning of switch): Primitive? Array? Type-Meta 1 Byte? || Size (1 byte) 1 1 [...] 1 [...] done 0 2 Bytes? || Size (2 bytes) 1 [...] done || Size (4 bytes) 0 [...] done Integer? 1 Byte? 2 Bytes? 0 1 0 1 done 1 done 0 done Boolean? Byte? 0 1 0 done 1 done More-Primitives 0 .... Class-Stuff (Huge) 0 ... (After reaching done the data is inserted. || = byte alignement. [...] is variable sized. ... is not described here, for simplicity. And let's call them cost-based-data-structures.) For an array of 32 booleans containing all true values, the memory for this type would be (read top-down): 1 Primitive 1 Array 1 ArrayType: Primitive 0 Not-Array 0 Not-Integer 1 Boolean 0 Not-Byte (thus bit) 1 Integer Size: 1 Byte 00100000 Array size 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Data Thus, 8 bytes represent 32 booleans in an array: 11100101 00100000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Is this okay, or can it be done better?

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