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  • Dual-line bilingual paragraph in LaTeX

    - by D W
    An interlinear gloss can be used to layout a translation of a document. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlinear_gloss Usually this is done word-by-word or morpheme-by-morpheme. However, I would like to do this in a different way, translating entire paragraphs at a time. http://www.optimnem.co.uk/learning/spanish/three-little-pigs.php For now I am not interested in taking into account the order of words or phrases that change order between languages. That is, I don't mind if the words in the paragraph are not aligned or if the length of one paragraph is much longer than the other, causing an overhanging line. As far as I can tell, the following packages do not meet my needs: covingtn.sty cgloss4e.sty gb4e.sty lingmacros.sty - shortex

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  • Overcoming C limitations for large projects

    - by Francisco Garcia
    One aspect where C shows its age is the encapsulation of code. Many modern languages has classes, namespaces, packages... a much more convenient to organize code than just a simple "include". Since C is still the main language for many huge projects. How do you to overcome its limitations? I suppose that one main factor should be lots of discipline. I would like to know what you do to handle large quantity of C code, which authors or books you can recommend.

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  • Should not a tail-recursive function also be faster?

    - by Balint Erdi
    I have the following Clojure code to calculate a number with a certain "factorable" property. (what exactly the code does is secondary). (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (factor-9 (quot n 10)))))) Now, I'm into TCO and realize that Clojure can only provide tail-recursion if explicitly told so using the recur keyword. So I've rewritten the code to do that (replacing factor-9 with recur being the only difference): (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (recur (quot n 10)))))) To my knowledge, TCO has a double benefit. The first one is that it does not use the stack as heavily as a non tail-recursive call and thus does not blow it on larger recursions. The second, I think is that consequently it's faster since it can be converted to a loop. Now, I've made a very rough benchmark and have not seen any difference between the two implementations although. Am I wrong in my second assumption or does this have something to do with running on the JVM (which does not have automatic TCO) and recur using a trick to achieve it? Thank you.

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  • A Question About the Expressive Power of Higher-Order Logical Reasoning Formalisms.

    - by Bubba88
    Hi! I do not really know if this is scientifically proven, but I've read in a book (It was a relatively modern AI book by Peter Norvig) that secon-order logical programming could be more expressive than existing first-order languages. The question is: Is it statistically/symbolically proven that higher-order predicate logics exceed first-order predicates in their expressive power? Or they just bring the modularity/convenience/maintainability to your knowledge bases? Additionally: If there is some kind of firm direction in which I could go seeking more expressive power than I have (I mean exactly the descriptive potential of the symbols I write in given semantics/syntax) - then I would be glad to hear just almost everything :) Thank you.

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  • Relevance of 'public' constructor in abstract class.

    - by Amby
    Is there any relevance of a 'public' constructor in an abstract class? I can not think of any possible way to use it, in that case shouldn't it be treated as error by compiler (C#, not sure if other languages allow that). Sample Code: internal abstract class Vehicle { public Vehicle() { } } The C# compiler allows this code to compile, while there is no way i can call this contructor from the outside world. It can be called from derived classes only. So shouldn't it allow 'protected' and 'private' modifiers only. Please comment.

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  • How do I rewrite a for loop with a shared dependency using actors

    - by Thomas Rynne
    We have some code which needs to run faster. Its already profiled so we would like to make use of multiple threads. Usually I would setup an in memory queue, and have a number of threads taking jobs of the queue and calculating the results. For the shared data I would use a ConcurrentHashMap or similar. I don't really want to go down that route again. From what I have read using actors will result in cleaner code and if I use akka migrating to more than 1 jvm should be easier. Is that true? However, I don't know how to think in actors so I am not sure where to start. To give a better idea of the problem here is some sample code: case class Trade(price:Double, volume:Int, stock:String) { def value(priceCalculator:PriceCalculator) = (priceCalculator.priceFor(stock)-> price)*volume } class PriceCalculator { def priceFor(stock:String) = { Thread.sleep(20)//a slow operation which can be cached 50.0 } } object ValueTrades { def valueAll(trades:List[Trade], priceCalculator:PriceCalculator):List[(Trade,Double)] = { trades.map { trade => (trade,trade.value(priceCalculator)) } } def main(args:Array[String]) { val trades = List( Trade(30.5, 10, "Foo"), Trade(30.5, 20, "Foo") //usually much longer ) val priceCalculator = new PriceCalculator val values = valueAll(trades, priceCalculator) } } I'd appreciate it if someone with experience using actors could suggest how this would map on to actors.

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  • Replacing multiple patterns in a block of data

    - by VikrantY
    Hi All, I need to find the most efficient way of matching multiple regular expressions on a single block of text. To give an example of what I need, consider a block of text: "Hello World what a beautiful day" I want to replace Hello with "Bye" and "World" with Universe. I can always do this in a loop ofcourse, using something like String.replace functions availiable in various languages. However, I could have a huge block of text with multiple string patterns, that I need to match and replace. I was wondering if I can use Regular Expressions to do this efficiently or do I have to use a Parser like LALR. I need to do this in JavaScript, so if anyone knows tools that can get it done, it would be appreciated.

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  • Static code analysis for new language. Where to start?

    - by tinny
    I just been given a new assignment which looks like its going to be an interesting challenge. The customer is wanting a code style checking tool to be developed for their internal (soon to be open sourced) programming language which runs on the JVM. The language syntax is very Java like. The customer basically wants me to produce something like checkstyle. So my question is this, how would you approach this problem? Given a clean slate what recommendations would you make to the customer? I think I have 3 options Write something from scratch. Id prefer not to do this as it seems like this sort of code analysis tool problem has been solved so many times that there must be a more "framework" or "platform" orientated approach. Fork an existing code style checking tool and modify the parsing to fit with this new language etc etc Extend or plug into an existing static code analysis tool. (maybe write a plugin for Yasca?) Maybe you would like to share your experiences in this area? Thanks for reading

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  • Great computer-science speeches

    - by sub
    I've looked into some questions here where the "best" programming books are listed and then thought why there isn't a question concerning speeches yet. I think that speeches or presentations from developers or even creators of programming languages which were or are heavily used at some point are particulary interesting. One of my favorite speeches was recommended to me by someone here on SO: The future of C# I also like Guido van Rossum's speeches but he sometimes seems pretty nervous. Another in my opinion good presentation would be the Google tech talk about Go. Which (recorded) programming presentations/speeches are worth watching? edit: Made this a community wiki as the answer would probably be a pretty long list.

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  • Sitecore - version created in other language when renaming

    - by misteraidan
    So I've got this Sitecore content item right, and it's got one version in one language "en-AU". I have 3 potential languages in the system "en", "en-AU" and "en-NZ". I rename the item, right, and Sitecore creates a new version in "en". I delete the "en" version and rename again, same result.. a new version is created .. and again... and again .. see where I'm going with this? And again! Why would it do that? I thought it was a problem with my pipeline processor, but I turned it off and it still happens! Any ideas would be welcome.

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  • What does it mean to say "Instance variables are not over-rided" in java?

    - by Ankit
    I am aware of the concept called field hiding in java. But still I am having a confusion in relation to instance variable being not over-ridden. According to my present knowledge, overriding a method of super-class means that the JVM will call the sub-class's over-ridden method though the super-class's method is available to the sub-class. And I read the similar thing for field hiding via the link:- Hiding Fields So, in any case we are over-ridding the instance if we change the values of the inherited instance variable in the sub-class. I am confused please help. I am using the following super-class:- public class Animal{ File picture; String food; int hunger; int width, height; int xcoord, ycoord; public void makeNoise(){ ......... } public void eat(){ ............. } public void sleep(){ .......... } public void roam(){ ............. } } It has sub-classes like Tiger, cat, dog,hippo etc. The sub-classes over-ride the makeNoise(), eat and roam() method. But each sub-class also uses a different set of values for instance variables. So as per my confusion, I am kind-of overriding all the instance variables and 3 methods of the super-class Animal; and I still have the super-class instance variables available to the sub-class with the use of the super keyword.

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  • Efficient Clojure workflow?

    - by Alex B
    I am developing a pet project with Clojure, but wonder if I can speed up my workflow a bit. My current workflow (with Compojure) is: Start Swank with lein swank. Go to Emacs, connect with M-x slime-connect. Load all existing source files one by one. This also starts a Jetty server and an application. Write some code in REPL. When satisfied with experiments, write a full version of a construct I had in mind. Eval (C-c C-c) it. Switch REPL to namespace where this construct resides and test it. Switch to browser and reload browser tab with the affected page. Tweak the code, eval it, check in the browser. Repeat any of the above. There are a number of annoyances with it: I have to switch between Emacs and the browser (or browsers if I am testing things like templating with multiple browsers) all the time. Is there a common idiom to automate this? I used to have a JavaScript bit that reloads the page continuously, but it's of limited utility, obviously, when I have to interact with the page for more than a few seconds. My JVM instance becomes "dirty" when I experiment and write test functions. Basically namespaces become polluted, especially if I'm refactoring and moving the functions between namespaces. This can lead to symbol collisions and I need to restart Swank. Can I undef a symbol? I load all source files one by one (C-c C-k) upon restarting Swank. I suspect I'm doing it all wrong. Switching between the REPL and the file editor can be a bit irritating, especially when I have a lot of Emacs tabs open, alongside the browser(s). I'm looking for ways to improve the above points and the entire workflow in general, so I'd appreciate if you'd share yours. P. S. I have also used Vimclojure before, so Vimclojure-based workflows are welcome too.

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  • Is there an exponent operator in C#?

    - by Charlie
    For example, does an operator exist to handle this? float Result, Number1, Number2; Number1 = 2; Number2 = 2; Result = Number1 (operator) Number2; In the past the ^ operator has served as an exponential operator in other languages, but in C# it is a bit-wise operator. Do I have to write a loop or include another namespace to handle exponential operations? If so, how do I handle exponential operations using non-integers?

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  • XCode 4.3 : XIB files and localisation

    - by Fabrice MAUPIN
    I have a problem with XIB Files and localizations (Xcode 4.3, Mac Os X 10.7.4) My application supports french and english localizations. For my test, i decided to change the languages and regions from "french" to "english" in system preferences. When i launch my application, it displays always old XIB files (french) et not the XIB files "attached" to my new localization ! ** I followed all the recommendations which i was able to find : i cleared all caches, clean up the project, ... and so on ! The problem is always here and persists. Can be that XCode4 has the other files to delete somewhere else ? is it possible to use another means to test my new localization ? If you are a idea, ... Thanks in advance. FM.

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  • How does functional programming work?

    - by Headcrab
    I'm used to imperative/OO programming (know C, C++, Python, PHP, etc.). I wanted to get into functional programming but there are some things unclear to me. Take for example the languages F# and Haskell: How do you implement loops? By recursion? Eew. What about conditions? How can you get by without variables? I mean.. What do we have RAM for.. storing variables, right?

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  • Will Learning C++ Help for Building Fast/No-Additional-Requirements Desktop Applications?

    - by vito
    Will learning C++ help me build native applications with good speed? Will it help me as a programmer, and what are the other benefits? The reason why I want to learn C++ is because I'm disappointed with the UI performances of applications built on top of JVM and .NET. They feel slow, and start slow too. Of course, a really bad programmer can create a slower and sluggish application using C++ too, but I'm not considering that case. One of my favorite Windows utility application is Launchy. And in the Readme.pdf file, the author of the program wrote this: 0.6 This is the first C++ release. As I became frustrated with C#’s large .NET framework requirements and users lack of desire to install it, I decided to switch back to the faster language. I totally agree with the author of Launchy about the .NET framework requirement or even a JRE requirement for desktop applications. Let alone the specific version of them. And some of the best and my favorite desktop applications don't need .NET or Java to run. They just run after installing. Are they mostly built using C++? Is C++ the only option for good and fast GUI based applications? And, I'm also very interested in hearing the other benefits of learning C++.

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  • urlrewriter.net page not executed

    - by peter
    Hello, I'm having some problems with the module urlrewriter.net for ASP.NET. I have a multilingual site with a URL like this; ~/home.aspx To support languages I use this rewrite rule; <rewrite url="~/de-DE/(.*)" to="~/$1"></rewrite> Then in my code I get the de-DE part and set the right culture for the current thread. All of this works well. After I login on the website I get a message "Hello, user x" to show i'm logged in. When navigating to another page, it doesn't display this message anymore and it seems like the page comes from the cache or something with the old (not logged in) data. Also, when I attach the debugger, nothing is executed for this request. If I visit the page like ~/home.aspx instead of ~/de-DE/home.aspx, does problem does not occur. What could be the problem here? Thanks

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  • What the performance of Festival TTS vs FreeTTS on windows platforms?

    - by Steel Plume
    9 hours ago I had the wonderful idea to build up from scratch Festival TTS on Windows. In the meanwhile, and in less than 30 minutes, I build up the same source code on Linux, but only because tons of development tools were already installed :D Also this morning I downloaded FreeTTS. I started a simple testing project in less of 10 minutes, thanks to the Java power :D. Unfortunately FreeTTS does not provide immediate support for international mbrola languages, so this morning I thinked "it needs too much work"... Backing to Festival TTS on Windows, after many obstacles, and tons of wrong downloads, CYGWIN before, then "make" and other exotic C++ tools "forgotten" in the installation of CYGWIN, then Visual Studio 2008, then Windows Platform SDK 2008, but it lacks of System.h, so just now I am downloading Windows Server Platform SDK 2003, etc... So now, as I am yet here without having compiled a single line of damned C-- code, my question is: at least Festival TTS is a good choice on Windows for Java development?

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  • Python's urllib2 don't work on some sites

    - by Binny V A
    I found that you can't read from some sites using Python's urllib2(or urllib). An example... urllib2.urlopen("http://www.dafont.com/").read() # Returns '' These sites works when you visit the site. I can even scrap them using PHP(didn't try other languages). I have seen other sites with the same issue - but can't remember the URL at the moment. My questions are... What is the cause of this issue? Any workaround for this issue?

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  • Date in textboxes changing format

    - by AWinters
    I have an application (asp.net 3.5) that support 4 different languages. Along with other cultural changes, the date formats must match the current culture on out reporting pages. We set the date formats of each of the textboxes like: string date = DateTime.Today.ToString("d"); //returns the date portion only textbox1.Text = date; textbox2.Text = date; etc... When the user selects Spanish or British English the format should be dd/mm/yyyy. However, then I navigate to the page it displays in mm/dd/yyyy. After a postback it then displays dd/mm/yyyy. After another postback it switches to the mm/dd/yyyy format and on and on. I have debugged through this and I see that the culture is correct for the application and the date formats are returned to me correctly, yet when it displays, it displays incorrectly. Has anyone ever seen this or know what is happening?

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  • Instrumenting Database Access

    - by Whisk
    Jeff mentioned in one of the podcasts that one of the things he always does is put in instrumentation for database calls, so that he can tell what queries are causing slowness etc. This is something I've measured in the past using SQL Profiler, but I'm interested in what strategies other people have used to include this as part of the application. Is it simply a case of including a timer across each database call and logging the result, or is there a 'neater' way of doing it? Maybe there's a framework that does this for you already, or is there a flag I could enable in e.g. Linq-to-SQL that would provide similar functionality. I mainly use c# but would also be interested in seeing methods from different languages, and I'd be more interested in a 'code' way of doing this over a db platform method like SQL Profiler.

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  • How to learn Haskell

    - by anderstornvig
    For a few days I've tried to wrap my head around the functional programming paradigm in Haskell. I've done this by reading tutorials and watching screencasts, but nothing really seems to stick. Now, in learning various imperative/OO languages (like C, Java, PHP), excercises have been a good way for me to go. But since I don't really know what Haskell is capable of and because there are many new concepts to utilize, I haven't known where to start. So, how did you learn Haskell? What made you really "break the ice"? Also, any good ideas for beginning excercises?

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  • How to manage Libraries/jar files in eclipse?

    - by pvsnp
    I might be missing something but how do you manage Java projects in eclipse that need a lot of Jar files. I know maven manages libraries well if there are new updates but maybe I'm missing something, is there a way that eclipse can update new jar files (it would be especially useful for projects using apache-commons, say). I don't want to sound like asking for a feature request, but I'm looking at if there are ways to keep libraries jar files that a Java project uses to keep them updated automatically the way maven does. With more languages coming with this type of features, finding the right Jar files probably should be easier than this.

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  • Vim or Emacs for software development

    - by Justin
    I'm not trying to start any wars here, just get some good info. I'm getting a little exhausted using numerous IDE's for development (VS, XCode, Eclipse/Netbeans, and TextMate) and am looking for a replacement I can use on all the different machines I interact with. What are some of the pros of Vim/Emacs for things like Languages supported Syntax highlighting (for things such as c, objc-c, c#, java, python, haskell, html, javascript, xml etc...) Code completion Code folding Working with a directory of files (like have a solution/project opened) Possible debugger support What are some of the main things you like about (Emacs/Vim, and please no flames only what you really like) Thanks =) *(yes.. I have scoured the net reading this vs that etc. but I'd like more of a 'why you love it' vs 'this is better than that because...')

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  • Java Play Mustache NPE Error

    - by zanedev
    We are getting a mustache play error in production (amazon linux EC2 AMI) but not in development (MACs) and we have tried upgrading the jvm, using the jdk instead, and changing from a tomcat deploy model to match our development environments as much as possible but nothing is working. Please any help would be greatly appreciated. We have lots of shared code in java and javascript using mustache and it would be a big deal to rewrite everything if we had to ditch mustache on the java side. 20:48:52,403 ERROR ~ @6al2dd0po Internal Server Error (500) for request GET /mystuff/people Execution exception (In {module:mustache-0.2}/app/play/modules/mustache/MustacheTags.java around line 32) NullPointerException occured : null play.exceptions.JavaExecutionException at play.templates.BaseTemplate.throwException(BaseTemplate.java:90) at play.templates.GroovyTemplate.internalRender(GroovyTemplate.java:257) at play.templates.Template.render(Template.java:26) at play.templates.GroovyTemplate.render(GroovyTemplate.java:187) at play.mvc.results.RenderTemplate.<init>(RenderTemplate.java:24) at play.mvc.Controller.renderTemplate(Controller.java:660) at play.mvc.Controller.renderTemplate(Controller.java:640) at play.mvc.Controller.render(Controller.java:695) at controllers.MyStuff.people(MyStuff.java:183) at play.mvc.ActionInvoker.invokeWithContinuation(ActionInvoker.java:548) at play.mvc.ActionInvoker.invoke(ActionInvoker.java:502) at play.mvc.ActionInvoker.invokeControllerMethod(ActionInvoker.java:478) at play.mvc.ActionInvoker.invokeControllerMethod(ActionInvoker.java:473) at play.mvc.ActionInvoker.invoke(ActionInvoker.java:161) at Invocation.HTTP Request(Play!) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at play.modules.mustache.MustacheTags._template(MustacheTags.java:32) at play.modules.mustache.MustacheTags$_template.call(Unknown Source) at /app/views/User/people.html.(line:22) at play.templates.GroovyTemplate.internalRender(GroovyTemplate.java:232) ... 13 more

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