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  • C++ is there a difference between assignment inside a pass by value and pass by reference function?

    - by Rémy DAVID
    Is there a difference between foo and bar: class A { Object __o; void foo(Object& o) { __o = o; } void bar(Object o) { __o = o; } } As I understand it, foo performs no copy operation on object o when it is called, and one copy operation for assignment. Bar performs one copy operation on object o when it is called and another one for assignment. So I can more or less say that foo uses 2 times less memory than bar (if o is big enough). Is that correct ? Is it possible that the compiler optimises the bar function to perform only one copy operation on o ? i.e. makes __o pointing on the local copy of argument o instead of creating a new copy?

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  • why does the array doesn't get initialized by global variable , even though it should not?

    - by ashish yadav
    why does the array a does not get initialized by global variable 'size'. include int size=5; int main() { int a[size]={1,2,3,4,5}; printf("%d",a[0]); return 0; } the compilation error is shown as "variable-sized object may not be initialized". according to me the array should get initialized by 'size'. i apologize if i am not clear but i feel i have expressed myself well enough. thank you!!!!!!!!!!!

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  • What's quicker and better to determine if an array key exists in PHP?

    - by alex
    Consider these 2 examples $key = 'jim'; // example 1 if (isset($array[$key])) { doWhatIWant(); } // example 2 if (array_key_exists($key, $array)) { doWhatIWant(); } I'm interested in knowing if either of these are better. I've always used the first, but have seen a lot of people use the second example on this site. So, which is better? Faster? Clearer intent? Update Thanks for the quality answers. I now understand the difference between the 2. A benchmark states that isset() alone is quicker than array_key_exists(). However, if you want the isset() to behave like array_key_exists() it is slower.

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  • Is there a semantic difference <span>'s and <div>'s?

    - by DavidR
    I know when coding HTML, I'm supposed to keep semantics in mind, e.g., h1 needs to be a main header, h2 needs to be a subheader, tables need to be tables, use <em> for emphasis instead of <i>, etc. Is there a proper difference between divs and spans except one is a block and the other is in-line? When I was learning I was told that <span>'s were for styling text mid-line. If I had a small blurb of text that I needed positioned at a certain point in my webpage, one that doesn't warrent a <p> tag, would I use a span should I stick with div's? What if that text needs to cover two lines (i.e., it needs a width) if it contains nothing but text, what should I use?

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  • Ruby on Rails: how to sort data in an array of active record objects right before iterating?

    - by DerNalia
    What is the best way to sort an array of active record objects by by a field? This array is a field of an object, link_pages, and I want it sorted by the field "sequence" <% @menu_bar.link_pages.each do |lp| %> <li id="page_<%= lp.id%>" class="ui-state-default"> <span class="ui-icon ui-icon-arrowthick-2-n-s"></span> <font size=5><%= lp.name %></font> | <%= link_to "remove", :controller => "admin/menu_bars", :action => :remove_page_from_menu, :page => lp.id, :id => @menu_bar.id %> </li> <% end %> maybe there is a way to do @menu_bar.link_pages.sort_by_sequence.each do .... that would be slick... but I just don't know.

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  • What is the difference between as="element()+" and as="element()*" in XSL?

    - by Rachel
    What is the difference between using as="element(data)+" and as="element(data)" in xsl:variable. The below XSL solution works if use "+" but not when i use "". Can some one clarify. XSL code: <xsl:variable name="insert-data" as="element(data)+"> <xsl:for-each select="$insert-file/insert-data/data"> <xsl:sort select="xsd:integer(@index)"/> <xsl:variable name="index" select="xsd:integer(@index)" /> <xsl:variable name="nodeName" select="@nodeName" /> <data nodeName="{$nodeName}" index="{@index}" text-id="{$main-root/*//*[@id=$nodeName]/text()[sum((preceding::text(), .)/string-length(.)) ge $index]/generate-id(.)}"> <xsl:copy-of select="node()"/> </data> </xsl:for-each>

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  • (C++) What's the difference between these overloaded operator functions?

    - by cv3000
    What is the difference between these two ways of overloading the != operator below. Which is consider better? Class Test { ...// private: int iTest public: BOOL operator==(const &Test test) const; BOOL operator!=(const &Test test) const; } BOOL operator==(const &Test test) const { return (iTest == test.iTest); } //overload function 1 BOOL Test::operator!=(const &Test test) const { return !operator==(test); } //overload function 2 BOOL Test::operator!=(const &Test test) const { return (iTest != test.iTest); } I've just recently seen function 1's syntax for calling a sibling operator function and wonder if writing it that way provides any benefits.

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  • How do I access the enumerated item with an indexer and assign array string to it for display?

    - by g00p3k
    EDITED: Updated 3/23/09. See rest of post at bottom. I'm still having trouble with the indexer. Anymore help or examples would really help me out. Write a class, MyCourses, that contains an enumeration of all the courses that you are currently taking. This enum should be nested inside of your class MyCourses. Your class should also have an array field that provides a short description (as a String) of each of your courses. Write an indexer that takes one of your enumerated courses as an index and returns the String description of the course. Write a class MyFriends that contains an indexer that provides access to the names of your friends. namespace IT274_Unit4Project { public class MyCourses { // enumeration that contains an enumeration of all the courses that // student is currently enrolled in public enum CourseName {IT274= 0,CS210 = 1} // array field that provides short description for each of classes, // returns string description of the course private String[] courseDescription = {"Intermediate C#: Teaches intermediate elements of C# programming and software design", "Career Development Strategies: Teaches principles for career progression, resume preparation, and overall self anaylsis"}; // indexer that takes one of the enumerated courses as an index // and returns the String description of the course public String this[CourseName index] { get { if (index == 1) return courseDescription[0]; else return courseDescription[1]; } set { if (index == 1) courseDescription[0] = value; else courseDescription[1] = value; } } } }//end public class MyCourses I'm working on this homework project and having trouble understanding the text explaining how to correctly take the accessed value of the enumeration and then apply the string array value to it. Can you please help me understand this? The text we are using is very difficult and poorly written for a beginner to understand, so I'm kind of on my own here. I've got the first parts written, but need some help on the accessing of the enumeration value and assigning, i think i'm close, but don't understand how to properly get and set the values on this. Please do not provide me with direct code answers, unless a MSDN style explanation that is generalized and not specific to my project. ie: public class MyClass { string field1; string field2; //properties public string Value1 get etc... Thanks!

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  • Is there a difference between NSString compare: and isEqual(ToString): ?

    - by frenetisch applaudierend
    Occasionally I find code which tests if two NSStrings are the same like this: if ([str1 compare:str2] == NSOrderedSame) { // Do something } Now, I believe this is less readable than using isEqualToString: and it also has some nasty side effects, like if str1 == nil the if(..) evaluates to true, or when str2 == nil havoc might break upon us according to the Apple docs. But before I crusade against those statements in my companys code, I wanted to make sure I didn't miss some important point. So my question basically boils down to: Is there any difference between a compare: to NSOrderedSame and isEqual:?

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  • What difference does it make to use several script blocks on a web page?

    - by Jan Aagaard
    What difference does it make to use more than one script block on a web page? I have pasted in the standard code for including Google Analytics as an example, and I have seen the same pattern used in other places. Why is this code separated into two separate script blocks instead of just using a single one? <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-xxxxxx-x"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {} </script>

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  • What's the difference between Path and Polygon control? + issues when designing custom drawing user

    - by tomo
    I'm starting to design a custom control with rather complex drawing. It will be a kind of chart (a kind of radar chart). It will be composed of a few axises with labels, line-regions (like spider-network) and filled shapes. The main question is what's the difference between using Path control and Polygon control? What's better to use here? The goal is to prepare control with minimal amount of c# and try to do as much as possible in xaml / binding. The next important requirement is that control should resize to parent containers' width - if possible without any long recalulations in c#.

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  • Is allocating a dynamic array without specifying size well formed code?

    - by Als
    The following simple program snippet gives compilation errorswith gcc-4.3.4. Program: int main() { char *ptr = new char[10]; char *ptr1 = new char[]; return 0; } Compilation errors: prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: prog.cpp:4: error: expected primary-expression before ‘]’ token prog.cpp:3: warning: unused variable ‘ptr’ prog.cpp:4: warning: unused variable ‘ptr1’ But the same compiles cleanly with MSVC without any diagnostic message. So my question is: Does the Standard allow an new [] to be called without specifying the size? Or this a bug in MSVC? Can someone provide a reference from the standard which will conclusively say that the above code example is ill-formed or well-formed? I have had a look at: 5.3.4 New [expr.new] & 18.4.1.2 Array forms [lib.new.delete.array] but couldnt find any conclusive evidence about the behavior.

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  • How to check if the sum of some records equals the difference between two other records in t-sql?

    - by Dan Appleyard
    I have a view that contains bank account activity. ACCOUNT BALANCE_ROW AMOUNT SORT_ORDER 111 1 0.00 1 111 0 10.00 2 111 0 -2.50 3 111 1 7.50 4 222 1 100.00 5 222 0 25.00 6 222 1 125.00 7 ACCOUNT = account number BALANCE_ROW = either starting or ending balance would be 1, otherwise 0 AMOUNT = the amount SORT_ORDER = simple order to return the records in the order of start balance, activity, and end balance I need to figure out a way to see if the sum of the non balance_row rows equal the difference between the ending balance and the starting balance. The result for each account (1 for yes, 0 for no) would be simply added to the resulting result set. Example: Account 111 had a starting balance of 0.00. There were two account activity records of 10.00 and -2.5. That resulted in the ending balance of 7.50. I've been playing around with temp tables, but I was not sure if there is a more efficient way of accomplishing this. Thanks for any input you may have!

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  • Jython: Is there any difference between adding to sys.path vs passing -D?

    - by trinth
    I have a python application that is trying to load some Java libraries (specifically Axis2 web services). When I add the necessary jars in Eclipse via PyDev Project Source Folders, everything seems to work fine. However, I want to be able to do this at run time by adding to sys.path, but then my application doesn't seem to work. In both cases I can load the jars just fine, but something must be different for there to be different results. My question is, is there a difference between adding jars via the sys.path at run time with sys.path.append() versus passing -D to the jython interpreter?

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  • Javascript looping only through defined properties of array. How?

    - by Beck
    For example if i'm keeping array of references via id like that: if(typeof channel_boards[misc.channel_id] == 'undefined') { channel_boards[misc.channel_id] = $('<div class="channel" channel_id="'+misc.channel_id+'"></div>').appendTo('#board'); } And then i'm looping through array to find required reference. I'm looping through undefined properties as well. Is it possible to loop only through defined properties? for(i=0;i<channel_boards.length;i++) { if(channel_boards[i] != undefined) { if(channel_boards[i].attr('channel_id') != visible) {channel_boards[i].addClass('hidden_board');} else {channel_boards[i].removeClass('hidden_board');} } } Maybe i should change the way i'm storing references? Via object for example, but how i'll be able to find proper reference via id number.

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  • Difference between Class Abstraction and Object Interfaces in PHP?

    - by Mark Tomlin
    What is the difference between a Class Abstraction and an Object Interfaces in PHP? I ask because, I don't really see the point to both of them, they both do the same thing! So, what are the advantages of disadvantages using both against one or the other? Class Abstraction: abstract class aClass { // Force extending class to define these methods abstract public function setVariable($name, $var); abstract public function getHtml($template); } Object Interface: interface iClass { // Force impementing class to define these methods public function setVariable($name, $var); public function getHtml($template); }

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  • what is the difference between static class and normal class?

    - by Phsika
    when i prefer static or normal class? Or what is the difference between them? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace staticmethodlar { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SinifA.method1(); } } static class SinifA { public static void method1() { Console.WriteLine("Deneme1"); } } public static class SinifB { public static void method2() { Console.WriteLine("Deneme2"); } } public class sinifC { public void method3() { Console.WriteLine("Deneme3"); } } public class sinifD : sinifC { void method4() { Console.WriteLine("Deneme4"); } sinifC sinifc = new sinifC(); // i need to use it:) } }

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  • Cleaner way to store to replace a scalar hash value with an array ref?

    - by user275455
    I am building a hash where the keys, associated with scalars, are not necessarily unique. I want the desired behavior to be that if the key is unique, the value is the scalar. If the key is not unique, I want the value to be an array reference of the scalars associated witht the key. Since the hash is built up iteratively, I don't know if the key is unique ahead of time. Right now, I am doing something like this: if(!defined($hash{$key})){ $hash{$key} = $val; } elseif(ref($hash{$key}) ne 'ARRAY'){ my @a; push(@a, $hash{$key}); push(@, $val); $hash{$key} = \@a; } else{ push(@{$hash{$key}}, $val); } Is there a simpler way to do this?

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  • How do I convert a number (as a String) to an array of bytes in Java?

    - by user1795595
    I'm creating a method specific method for a java project i'm working on. The UML given specifies the return type to be of static byte[] that accepts the arguments (String, byte) So far, looks like this: public static byte[] convertNumToDigitArray(String number, byte numDigits) { } This method is supposed to convert a number (as a String) to an array of bytes. The ordering must go from most to least significant digits. For example, if the number String is “732” then index 0 of the array should contain 7. The last argument (numDigits) should match the length of the string passed in. How do I do this?

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  • Is it OK to run an array with 22k strings in a PHP code on a shared web host?

    - by kuchikoo
    I'm new to writing code so kindly bear with me if this is a very noobish question. A couple of days back I asked a question about a PHP code that matches the the query entered by users on my website to an array stored within the PHP code and displays the matched queries. Here is the code I'm talking about Now I've ended up with a rather large list (over 22k) of strings that have to be stored in the array. Is it ok to run it like this? I'm hosting the site on a shared hostgator package, will this cause my site to crash? I don't know too much about DBs but can I somehow store this on MySQL instead of having it in the code?

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  • : for displaying all elements in a multidimensional array in python 3.1.

    - by Leif Andersen
    I have a multidimensional array in python like: arr = [['foo', 1], ['bar',2]] Now, if I want to print out everything in the array, I could do: print(arr[:][:]) Or I could also just do print(arr). However, If I only wanted to print out the first element of each box (for arr, that would be 'foo', 'bar'), I would imagine I would do something like: print(arr[:][0]) however, that just prints out the first data blog (['foo', 1]), also, I tried reversing it (just in case): print(arr[0][:]) and I got the same thing. So, is there anyway that I can get it to print the first element in each tuple (other than: for tuple in arr: print(tuple[0]) )? Thanks.

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  • Help Please, I want use LINQ to Query Count in a matrix according to a array!

    - by Bob Feng
    I have a matrix, IEnumerable<IEnumerable<int>> matrix, for example: { {10,23,16,20,2,4}, {22,13,1,33,21,11 }, {7,19,31,12,6,22}, ... } and another array: int[] arr={ 10, 23, 16, 20} I want to filter the matrix on the condition that I group all rows of the matrix which contain the same number of elements from arr. That is to say the first row in the matrix {10,23,16,20,2,4} has 4 numbers from arr, this array should be grouped with the rest of the rows with 4 numbers from arr. better to use linq, thank you very much!

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