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• Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

  - by microchasm

  I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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• FIND_IN_SET exists in MySQL but how do I make it in SQLite?

  - by Pentium10

  In MySQL there exists FIND_IN_SET, that locates a match in a comma separated list. mysql> SELECT FIND_IN_SET('b','a,b,c,d'); -> 2 How would I be able to do this in SQLite in query? Please note, that I can't define or add user defined functions, the Android platform doesn't allow it.

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• How do I tell Django to use MySql from a WAMP install?

  - by Rhubarb

  I've had Django running with Sqlite for a while. I then installed WAMP, and I now want to get ready for a production run, and would like to switch to MySql. Is there a straightforward way of telling it about the MySql instance that is running with WAMP?

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• Text size for drop down menu/input select not working in Safari

  - by Nick

  Hello All, First question... I'm having trouble getting ANY of the Drop down menu/Input Select's to appear with size 18 font in Safari. Works fine in FF. Code: <form class="form"> <select name="make"> <option value="0"> All</option> </select> </form> Css: .form input{ font-size:18px; margin-bottom:0px; } Any ideas? Can view live at [http://www.motolistr.com][1] Best, Nick EDIT 1: Thanks for the quick reply. I added a style to the select itself to avoid confusion. I tried; <select name='make' style='font-size: 18pt;'> </select> And <select name='make' style='font-size: 18px;'> </select> And <select name='make' style='font-size: 1.3em;'> </select> Still not working in SAFARI...Again FF works fine with all 3. Best, Nick

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• Need to combine common result of two select statements

  - by Anup

  i have to select the common coloumns c1 ,c2,c3 from result of two sql satements. 1) select c1, c2, c3,count(c3) from (select * from form_name where data_created >'1273446000' and data_creazione<'1274569200') group by c1,c2, c3 having count(c3)>1 2) select c1, c2, c3,count(c3) from (select * from form_name where data_created>'1272236400' and data_creazione<'1274569200') group by c1,c2, c3 having count(c3)>2 I need to select c1,c2,c3 all same and common found in both the result of query. how could this be done...could anyone help please?

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• Any way to select without causing locking in MySQL?

  - by Shore

  Query: SELECT COUNT(online.account_id) cnt from online; But online table is also modified by an event, so frequently I can see lock by running show processlist. Is there any grammar in MySQL that can make select statement not causing locks? And I've forgotten to mention above that it's on a MySQL slave database. After I added into my.cnf:transaction-isolation = READ-UNCOMMITTED the slave will meet with error: Error 'Binary logging not possible. Message: Transaction level 'READ-UNCOMMITTED' in InnoDB is not safe for binlog mode 'STATEMENT'' on query So, is there a compatible way to do this?

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• selecting a select list in jquery

  - by tessa

  There has to be something really simple that I am overlooking, but for some reason I cannot find any information about this and it keeps coming up so.. I am trying to select a select element in jquery. Right now I don't care about it's options, I just want the select element. If I have the following element: <select id="testSelect"><option>1</option></select> and I use jquery to select it: var selectElement = $("#testSelect"); I get an array of all the options in the select list, but not the select element itself. What am I missing?

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• How do I connect to MySQL 5.1 in Visual Studio 2010?

  - by jake

  Does any one know how to connect to MySQL 5.1 with Visual Studio 2010? I have already tried the MySQL Connector/ODBC route and it got me really nasty results. The table rows were all listed as a view in the views section and nothing at all was listed in the tables or procedures folder.

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• How do I Put Several Select Statements into Different Columns

  - by Russ Bradberry

  I basically have 7 select statement that I need to have the results output into separate columns. Normally I would use a crosstab for this but I need a fast efficient way to go about this as there are over 7 billion rows in the table. I am using the vertica database system. Below is an example of my statements: SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '1' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100101 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '2' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100102 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '3' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100103 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '4' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100104 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '5' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100105 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '6' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100106 SELECT COUNT(user_id) AS '7' FROM event_log_facts WHERE date_dim_id=20100107

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• MySQL query being performed when PHP if condition not met?

  - by Ryan

  The script I'm using is if($profile['username'] == $user['username']) { $db->query("UPDATE users SET newcomments = 0 WHERE username = '$user[username]'"); echo "This is a test"; } (Note that $db-query is exactly the same as mysql_query) For some very odd reason, the MySQL query is being performed even if the defined condition is false The "This is a test" works properly and only appears when the condition is met, but the MySQL query is performed anyway Whats the problem with it?

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• PHP/MySQL: How to create a comment section in your website.

  - by Sam

  Instead of asking 'how to use PHP/MySQL to let users affect webpages' I'll ask this, because I learn better from projects and examples. So how would I incorporate a VERY basic comment feature using PHP and MySQL?

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• Javascript Function for related select elements onSubmit

  - by Livingston

  I am trying to create (4) Select elements within a form element. Each select element has a different number of options. So if a user click one option on Select #1 and then click another option on Select #2, after hitting submit they will be taken to www.blah.com/option1/option2 page which will display the filtered results. Or they can chose an option from all 4 select menus and be taken to option1/option2/option3/option4 page. The categories are all related .Select #1 is a category, Select #2 is a subcategory of 1, Select #3 is a subcategory of #2 and Select #4 is a subcategory of #3. A great example would be on (LINK) http://www.safavieh.com/rugs (LINK) except only four Select elements. I would also like to add the "Reset" button next to "Submit." I know I need to construct a function in my header and use onSubmit attribute within the form but other than that I am unsure of what's involved so I'm hoping someone could point me in the right direction. It's important I learn most of this for myself. Thanks for your time Livingston

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• How can I create a small relational database in MySQL?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  I need to make a small database in MySQL that has two tables. Clothes and ClotheType Clothes has: ID, Name, Color, Brand, Price, ClotheTypeID ClotheType has: ID, Description In Microsoft SQL it would be: create table Clothes( id int, primary key(id), name varchar(200), color varchar(200), brand varchar(200), price varchar(200), clothetypeid int, foreign key clothetypeid references ClotheType(id) ) I need this in MySQL.

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• Postgresql slave for Mysql Master. Possible ?

  - by Jean Duprez

  Hi, I need to make some tests for a potential migration from Mysql to PostgreSql. It will be easier to test if it is possible to use Postgre as slave for my MySQL master. Is it possible ? Thanks in advance

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• How do I run a script on/in a mysql database?

  - by reggie

  I have created a mysql database using work brench. It has about 20 tables. I cannot figure out how to run scripts on the database. Basically, I want to make a database creation script which will allow me to create my database on any other mysql server.

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• How do you port a SqlServer database to MySQL?

  - by Lieven Cardoen

  I have a SqlServer db that I would like to port to MySQL. What's the best way to to this. Things that need to be ported are: - Tables (and data) - FileStream -- MySQL equivalent? - Stored Procedures - Functions

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• How can I split mySQL query logs by database?

  - by barnaby

  I've been trying to implement a mySQL Proxy solution that can separate out the queries into per-database logs. Everything I've Googled has pointed to mySQL Proxy but I can only seem to capture the database a connection was opened to, not which the current query is being issued against. Is it even possible? Is there a different tool to use? Thanks for any suggestions.

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• MySQL, Coldfusion, Selecting records that were timestamped in the last 24 hours.

  - by nobosh

  With Coldfuson & MySQL - How to update the query to check for new entries that have a timestamp that occurs in the last 24 hours? Query: <cfquery name="caller.sel_BlogEntries" datasource="#request.db#"> SELECT blogentry.dateAdded, person.personName FROM blogentry INNER JOIN person ON blogentry.personID = person.personID WHERE blogentry.deleted = 'N' ORDER BY blogentry.dateAdded DESC </cfquery> blogentry.dateAdded is a MySql TimeStamp Thanks

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• explain these select statements!

  - by user329820

  Hi, I can not get the difference betwwn these statements? would you please help me,I have read some sample of select statements but I did not get these ones. SELECT 'B' FROM T WHERE A = (SELECT NULL); SELECT 'C' FROM T WHERE A = ANY (SELECT NULL); SELECT 'D' FROM T WHERE A = A; I use MySQL

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• How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column?

  - by Brian Boatright

  How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column? In SQL Server it's getdate(), what is the equivalant for MySQL? I'm using 5.x if that is a factor.

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• How many of you have gone from MySQL to Postgresql? Was it worth it?

  - by trustfundbaby

  I'm thinking about moving from MySQL to Postgres for Rails development and I just want to hear what other developers that made the move have to say about it. I'm looking for personal experiences, not a Mysql v Postgres shootout, just the pros and cons that you yourself have arrived at. Stuff that folks might not necessarily think. Feel free to explain why you moved in the first place as well.

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• where is the actual data in a mysql db stored on a linux machine?

  - by noam

  Which files are the actual files holding the data in the tables in a mysql db? I went to /var/lib/mysql/ and I can see there a bunch of relatively small directories corresponding to my tables, and a lot of files named servername-bin.0000001 etc. Is the data stored in those files?

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• Can I use a single MySQL query to select distinct rows and then non-distinct rows if a limit hasn't

  - by Matt Rix

  I hope I'm explaining this properly, my knowledge of MySQL is quite limited. Let's say I have a table with rows that have name and shape fields. I'd like to select a bunch of rows from a table, but return all of the rows with unique shape field values first. If I have less than a certain number of rows, let's say 7, then I'd like to fill the remaining result rows with non-unique shape rows. The best way I can word it is that they're "ordered by uniqueness, and then by some other value". So, I don't want: square, square, circle, circle, rectangle, square, triangle I'd like to have: square, circle, rectangle, triangle, square, square, circle Is this possible to do using a single SQL query? I'm using MySQL with PHP, if that makes any difference. Thanks!

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• Efficiently select top row for each category in the set

  - by VladV

  I need to select a top row for each category from a known set (somewhat similar to this question). The problem is, how to make this query efficient on the large number of rows. For example, let's create a table that stores temperature recording in several places. CREATE TABLE #t ( placeId int, ts datetime, temp int, PRIMARY KEY (ts, placeId) ) -- insert some sample data SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @n int, @ts datetime SELECT @n = 1000, @ts = '2000-01-01' WHILE (@n>0) BEGIN INSERT INTO #t VALUES (@n % 10, @ts, @n % 37) IF (@n % 10 = 0) SET @ts = DATEADD(hour, 1, @ts) SET @n = @n - 1 END Now I need to get the latest recording for each of the places 1, 2, 3. This way is efficient, but doesn't scale well (and looks dirty). SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 1 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 2 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 3 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t3 The following looks better but works much less efficiently (30% vs 70% according to the optimizer). SELECT placeId, ts, temp FROM ( SELECT placeId, ts, temp, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY placeId ORDER BY ts DESC) rownum FROM #t WHERE placeId IN (1, 2, 3) ) t WHERE rownum = 1 The problem is, during the latter query execution plan a clustered index scan is performed on #t and 300 rows are retrieved, sorted, numbered, and then filtered, leaving only 3 rows. For the former query three times one row is fetched. Is there a way to perform the query efficiently without lots of unions?

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• In python, is there a simple way to connect to a mysql database that doesn't require root access?

  - by Matthew

  I'm writing a script to parse some text files, and insert the data that they contain into a mysql database. I don't have root access on the server that this script will run on. I've been looking at mysql-python, but it requires a bunch of dependencies that I don't have available. Is there a simpler way to do this?

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