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  • When do you use a struct instead of a class?

    - by jkohlhepp
    What are your rules of thumb for when to use structs vs. classes? I'm thinking of the C# definition of those terms but if your language has similar concepts I'd like to hear your opinion as well. I tend to use classes for almost everything, and use structs only when something is very simplistic and should be a value type, such as a PhoneNumber or something like that. But this seems like a relatively minor use and I hope there are more interesting use cases.

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  • Sort algorithms that work on large amount of data

    - by Giorgio
    I am looking for sorting algorithms that can work on a large amount of data, i.e. that can work even when the whole data set cannot be held in main memory at once. The only candidate that I have found up to now is merge sort: you can implement the algorithm in such a way that it scans your data set at each merge without holding all the data in main memory at once. The variation of merge sort I have in mind is described in this article in section Use with tape drives. I think this is a good solution (with complexity O(n x log(n)) but I am curious to know if there are other (possibly faster) sorting algorithms that can work on large data sets that do not fit in main memory. EDIT Here are some more details, as required by the answers: The data needs to be sorted periodically, e.g. once in a month. I do not need to insert a few records and have the data sorted incrementally. My example text file is about 1 GB UTF-8 text, but I wanted to solve the problem in general, even if the file were, say, 20 GB. It is not in a database and, due to other constraints, it cannot be. The data is dumped by others as a text file, I have my own code to read this text file. The format of the data is a text file: new line characters are record separators. One possible improvement I had in mind was to split the file into files that are small enough to be sorted in memory, and finally merge all these files using the algorithm I have described above.

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  • Java Alphabetize Algorithm Insertion sort vs Bubble Sort

    - by Chris Okyen
    I am supposed to "Develop a program that alphabetizes three strings. The program should allow the user to enter the three strings, and then display the strings in alphabetical order." It's instructed that I need to use the String library compareTo()/charAt()/toLowerCase() to make all the characters lowercase so the Lexicon comparison is also a alphabetical comparison. Input Pseudo Code: String input[3]; Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter three strings: "); for(byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) input[i] = keyboard.next() The sorting would be Insertion Sort: 321 2 3 1 2 31 231 1 23 1 2 3 1 23 1 23 123 Bubble Sort 321 231 213 123 Which would be more efficient in this case? The bubble sort seems to be more efficient though they seem to have equal stats for worst best and avg case, but I read the Insertion Sort is quicker for small amounts of data like my case.

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  • Should I ditch AJAX in client side web development when I've got a web-socket open?

    - by jt0dd
    I was thinking that maybe I should forget AJAX (HTTP) requests when I've got a web-socket open between client and server, but I decided I should ask here to check if this could be a bad practice for some reason that I'm not thinking of. Once the socket is open, there's less syntax (often meaning simpler error handling) involved in passing information between client and server with Socket.io (just one example of a web-socket). Is there some obvious situation where a web-socket (Socket.io for example) isn't going to be capable of handling a functionality that an AJAX request could do easily?

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  • Javascript Rookie Question: Define Variables Inline

    - by Dylan Kinnett
    I'm proficient with HTML and CSS but I'm still pretty shaky when it comes to Javascript. That said, I've been able to build a site using the Internet Archive Book Reader, which relies on reader.js Here's a copy of one of my versions of reader.js https://gist.github.com/dylan-k/ed4efed2384e221d46cc It's a good site, but I find I have to repeat things a lot. Basically, I have one copy of reader.js for every page/book featured on the site. It seems there must be a better way. I re-use the script, making copies, just so that I can change lines 28, 80, 83, 84. Is there a way I could include just one copy of reader.js and then use a <script> tag to define these 4 lines for the individual pages?

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  • Project Idea - Android

    - by Darren Young
    Hi, I am trying to come up with some project ideas for my final year at University, and I think that I have one that would offer be a (massive) challenge, and something I could potentially make money from. I just want to check something. Is it possible(from a photograph), to be able to determine somebodys face and the individual parts of that face - eyes, ears, nose, etc? This will probably be via Android. Thanks.

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  • How to show or direct a business analyst to a data modelling subject?

    - by AaronLS
    Our business analysts pushed hard to collect data through a spreadsheet. I am the programmer responsible for importing that data. Usually when they push hard for something like this, I never know how well it will work out until a few weeks later when I have time assigned to work on the task of programming the import of the data. I have tried to do as much as possible along the way, named ranges, data validations, etc. But I usually don't have time to take a detailed look at all the data and compare to the destination in the database to determine how well it matches up. A lot of times there will be maybe a little table of items that somehow I have to relate to something else in the database, but there are not natural or business keys present that would allow me to do so. Make the best of this, trying to write something that can compare strings and make a best guess at it and then go through the effort of creating interfaces for a user to match the imported data to the destination. I feel like if the business analyst was actually creating a data model, they would be forced to think about these relationships, and have an appreciation for the need of natural or business keys to be part of the spreadsheet for the purposes of smoothly importing the data. The closest they come to business analysis is a big flat list of fields, and that would be fine if it were like any other data dictionary and include data types+relationships, but it isn't. They are just a bunch of names. No indication of what type of data they might hold, and it is up to me to guess. When I have pushed for more detail, they say that it is just busy work. How can I explain the importance of data modelling? How can I tell them what it is and how to do it? It feels impossible, because they don't have an appreciation for its importance. They do however, usually have an interest in helping out in whatever way they can, it's just this in particular has never gotten a motivated response.

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  • Why are tools like git-svn that allow git to integrate with svn useful? [closed]

    - by Wes
    I have read these related questions: I'm a Subversion geek, why should I consider or not consider Mercurial or Git or any other DVCS? git for personal (one-man) projects. Overkill? ...and I understand why git is useful. What I don't understand is why tools like git-svn that allow git to integrate with svn are useful. When, for example, a team is working with svn, or any other centralised SCM, why would a member of the team opt to use git-svn? Are there any practical advantages for a developer that has to synchronize with a centralized repository?

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  • Using machine learning to aim mirrors in a solar array?

    - by Buttons840
    I've been thinking about solar collectors where several independent mirrors to focus the light on a solar collector, similar to the following design from Energy Innovations. Because there will be flaws in the assembly of this solar array, I am proceeding with the following assumptions (or lack thereof): The software knows the "position" of each mirror, but doesn't know how this position relates to the real world or to other mirrors. This will account for poor mirror calibration or other environmental factors which may effect one mirror but not the others. If a mirror moves 10 units in one direction, and then 10 units in the opposite direction, it will end up where it originally started. I would like to use machine learning to position the mirrors correctly and focus the light on the collector. I expect I would approach this as an optimization problem, optimizing the mirror positions to maximize the heat inside the collector and the power output. The problem is finding a small target in a noisy high-dimensional space (considering each mirror has 2 axis of rotation). Some of the problems I anticipate are: cloudy days, even if you stumble upon the perfect mirror alignment, it might be cloudy at the time noisy sensor data the sun is a moving target, it moves along a path, and follows a different path every day - although you could calculate the exact position of the sun at any time, you wouldn't know how that position relates to your mirrors My question isn't about the solar array, but possible machine learning techniques that would help in this "small target in a noisy high dimensional-space" problem. I mentioned the solar array because it was the catalyst for this question and a good example. What machine learning techniques can find such a small target in a noisy high-dimensional space? EDIT: A few additional thoughts: Yes, you can calculate the suns position in the real world, but you don't know how the mirrors position is related to the real world (unless you've learned it somehow). You might know the suns azimuth is 220 degrees, and the suns elevation is 60 degrees, and you might know a mirror is at position (-20, 42); now tell me, is that mirror correctly aligned with the sun? You don't know. Lets assume you have some very sophisticated heat measurements, and you know "with this heat level, there must be 2 mirrors correctly aligned". Now the question is, which two mirrors (out of 25 or more) are correctly aligned? One solution I considered was to approximate the correct "alignment function" using a neural network which would take the suns azimuth and elevation as input and output a large array with 2 values for each mirror which correspond to the 2 axis of each mirror. I'm not sure what the best training method is though.

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  • In this slow Job Market, I have no choice to take a Job that uses VB.NET and is going to use C#. Advice?

    - by Xaisoft
    I really don't want to do VB.NET, but I need a Job and I need a Job Fast. The two positions I am looking at both have existing apps in VB.NET, but are looking to convert them to C# and do new development in C#, but as well all know, sometimes this doesn't happen for a while and you get stuck with the main language. My background is in C# and after looking at VB.NET, my head is hurting. Any advice as I tackle a Job like this. As I said, I preferably want stick with C#, but today, one may have no choice, so I have to just take what I get. I am looking for advice on this for those who have experienced it, are experiencing it, and those who have not.

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  • Junit test bluej [closed]

    - by user1721929
    Can someone make a junit test of this? public class PersonName { int NumberNames(String wholename) { // store the name passed in to the method String testname=wholename; // initialize number of names found int numnames=0; // on each iteration remove one name while(testname.length()>numnames) { // take the "white space" from the beginning and end testname = testname.trim(); // determine the position of the first blank // .. end of the first word int posBlank= testname.indexOf(' '); // cut off word /** * it continues to the stop sign because that is where you commanded it to end */ testname=testname.substring(posBlank+1,testname.length()); // System.out.println(numnames); // System.out.println(testname); numnames++; System.out.println(testname); } return numnames; } public static void main(String args[]) { PersonName One= new PersonName(); System.out.println(One.NumberNames("Bobby")); System.out.println(One.NumberNames("Bobby Smith")); System.out.println(One.NumberNames("Bobby L. Smith")); System.out.println(One.NumberNames(" Bobby Paul Smith Jr. ")); } }

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  • In the days of modern computing, in 'typical business apps' - why does performance matter?

    - by Prog
    This may seem like an odd question to some of you. I'm a hobbyist Java programmer. I have developed several games, an AI program that creates music, another program for painting, and similar stuff. This is to tell you that I have an experience in programming, but not in professional development of business applications. I see a lot of talk on this site about performance. People often debate what would be the most efficient algorithm in C# to perform a task, or why Python is slow and Java is faster, etc. What I'm trying to understand is: why does this matter? There are specific areas of computing where I see why performance matters: games, where tens of thousands of computations are happening every second in a constant-update loop, or low level systems which other programs rely on, such as OSs and VMs, etc. But for the normal, typical high-level business app, why does performance matter? I can understand why it used to matter, decades ago. Computers were much slower and had much less memory, so you had to think carefully about these things. But today, we have so much memory to spare and computers are so fast: does it actually matter if a particular Java algorithm is O(n^2)? Will it actually make a difference for the end users of this typical business app? When you press a GUI button in a typical business app, and behind the scenes it invokes an O(n^2) algorithm, in these days of modern computing - do you actually feel the inefficiency? My question is split in two: In practice, today does performance matter in a typical normal business program? If it does, please give me real-world examples of places in such an application, where performance and optimizations are important.

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  • How does one network at software conferences?

    - by Billy ONeal
    Well... I'm still at Microsoft TechEd -- and the response to my last question was overwhelmingly "networking is the most useful part of software conferences". Problem: I have no idea how to even approach that task. I've always been kind of an introvert. At school and at work I've generally not had issues because there are enough extroverts around that approach me that I've made some awesome friends over the years. However, at conferences, it seems most are introverted like myself, and those who aren't seem to be salespeople. The couple of times I've felt okay approaching people it's been after a session where there's been healthy discussion throughout the whole room, and just when I get the nerve to go up and talk to some people, they leave and go on to other things. Are there books I can read? Advice I can take? Anything as far as approaching people one does not know? 'Cause every time I try I just feel like an awkward mess. :( (Oddly enough, I don't have problems speaking to a group of people -- it's the one-on-one things that trip me up :P) (Oh, and by the way, if anyone from here is also there and would like to meet to talk about things, I'm game :P)

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  • Do I deserve a promotion/higher salary?

    - by anonCoder
    I'm a software developer and have been working at my current employer for almost 2 years. I joined straight out of university, so this is my first real full-time job. I was employed as a junior developer with no real responsibilities. In the last year, I have been given more responsiibility. I am the official contact person at my company for a number of clients. I have represented the company by myself in off-site meetings with clients. My software development role has grown. I now have specialised knowledge in certain tools/products/technologies that no one else here does. My problem is that I am still officially a junior developer, and still earning less than I feel I am worth. Am I being taken advantage of? How long should I reasonably expect to stay a junior developer before I expect a promotion of some kind? What would you do in my situation?

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  • CMS vs Admin Panel?

    - by Bob
    Okay, so this probably seems like an unusual, more grammar related question, but I was unsure of what to call it. If you use a software such as vBulletin or MyBB or even Blogger and you're the administrator (or other, lesser position such as moderator) of the forum, or publisher/author of the blog, you generally have access to something of an "admin panel". For example, vBulletin's admin panel looks like this and Blogger's admin panel looks something like this. While they both look different and do different things, the goal is fundamentally the same: to provide the user with a method for adding, modifying, or deleting content... to let them control and administrate their forum or blog. Also, they're both made specifically by the company for use in a specific product. Now, there's also options like Drupal. It seems to offer quite a bit more and be quite a bit more generalized. How does something like this work? If you were freelancing, would you deploy a website with Drupal, or would it be something the client might already have installed on their own server? I've never really used Drupal, only heard about it, so please let me know. Also, there seems to be other options like cPanel, a sort of global CMS that allows you to administrate over your entire website. How do those work in comparison to Drupal, or the administrative panels with vBulletin? They seem to serve related, but different purposes. Basically, what is the norm? If I'm developing a web application for a group that needs to be able to edit their website without the need to go into the code or the database (or rather, wants to act in a graphical, easy-to-use content-management/admin panel), would it also be necessary to write my own miniature admin panel? Or would I be able to send them off knowing that they have cPanel? Or could something like Drupal fill this void? Again, I'm a little new to web development, and I'm working on planning out my first, real, large website. So I need a little advice on the standards and expectations for web development - security and coding practices aside, what should I be looking for as far as usability and administration for the client (who will be running the site once I'm done creating the website)? Any extra tips would also be appreciated! Oh, and just a little bit: I'm writing the website using Ruby on the Sinatra framework (both Ruby and Sinatra are things I'm fairly comfortable with) and I'm not being paid to make the website (and I will also be a user, and one of the three administrators of the website) - it's being built for a club I'm in.

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  • Survival rate of open source projects

    - by Shogoot
    I'm trying to write a paper on why or why not an open source project will have good odds for survival or not. I've found very few articles on the Internet on the topic or I'm just searching with the wrong terms. I've tried: "open source" survival "open source" success failure "open source" determinants for success So far i've only found this, which says some on the topic. So I turn to you my dear stackers! Help me find some arguments and articles that will throw some clarity on the subject.

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  • What are the downsides of implementing a singleton with Java's enum?

    - by irreputable
    Traditionally, a singleton is usually implemented as public class Foo1 { private static final Foo1 INSTANCE = new Foo1(); public static Foo1 getInstance(){ return INSTANCE; } private Foo1(){} public void doo(){ ... } } With Java's enum, we can implement a singleton as public enum Foo2 { INSTANCE; public void doo(){ ... } } As awesome as the 2nd version is, are there any downsides to it? (I gave it some thoughts and I'll answer my own question; hopefully you have better answers)

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  • When should I use static variables with primitive types?

    - by Felipe Cypriano
    Recently I came across the question NSString: Why use static over literal? and in the comments arrived a new question. In Objective-C there some "special" types that are just maps to C primitives. Like the NSInteger. #if __LP64__ || (TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED && !TARGET_OS_IPHONE) || TARGET_OS_WIN32 || NS_BUILD_32_LIKE_64 typedef long NSInteger; #else typedef int NSInteger; #endif I know how to use the static keywords for objects but I don't understand the implications on C primitive types. When should I use a static NSInteger x instead of NSInteger x? What happens with the memory in both cases?

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  • What is a business problem?

    - by Juha Untinen
    Can you give an example or two of what a business problem is? I hear this word thrown around a lot, but even after searching, I cannot find a clear answer. Especially when it comes to software development. Are any of these classified as a business problem? Convert invoice from format A to format B Send data from Company A database to Company B database Create a program for time reporting Make the financial software retrieve data faster Generate a weekly data transfer volume statistic Or is a business problem something else?

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  • Should I use both WCF and ASP.NET Web API

    - by Mithir
    We already have a WCF API with basichttpbinding. Some of the calls have complex objects in both the response and request. We need to add RESTful abilities to the API. at first I tried adding a webHttp endpoint, but I got At most one body parameter can be serialized without wrapper elements If I made it Wrapped it wasn't pure as I need it to be. I got to read this, and this (which states "ASP.NET Web API is the new way to build RESTful service on .NET"). So my question is, should I make 2 APIs(2 different projects)? one for SOAP with WCF and one RESTful with ASP.NET Web API? is there anything wrong architecturally speaking with this approach?

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  • Is an 'if password == XXXXXXX' enough for minimum security?

    - by Morgan Herlocker
    If I create a login for an app that has middle to low security risk (in other words, its not a banking app or anything), is it acceptable for me to verify a password entered by the user by just saying something like: if(enteredPassword == verifiedPassword) SendToRestrictedArea(); else DisplayPasswordUnknownMessage(); It seems to easy to be effective, but I certainly would not mind if that was all that was required. Is a simple check on username/password combo enough? Update: The particular project happens to be a web service, the verification is entirely server side, and it is not open-source. Does the domain change how you would deal with this?

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  • Quality Assurance activities

    - by MasloIed
    Having asked but deleted the question as it was a bit misunderstood. If Quality Control is the actual testing, what are the commonest true quality assurance activities? I have read that verification (reviews, inspections..) but it does not make much sense to me as it looks more like quality control as mentioned here: DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE LIFE CYCLE FRAMEWORK Practices guide Verification - “Are we building the product right?” Verification is a quality control technique that is used to evaluate the system or its components to determine whether or not the project’s products satisfy defined requirements. During verification, the project’s processes are reviewed and examined by members of the IV&V team with the goal of preventing omissions, spotting problems, and ensuring the product is being developed correctly. Some Verification activities may include items such as: • Verification of requirement against defined specifications • Verification of design against defined specifications • Verification of product code against defined standards • Verification of terms, conditions, payment, etc., against contracts

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  • Programming language features that help to catch bugs early

    - by Christian Neumanns
    Do you know any programming language features that help to detect bugs early in the software development process - ideally at compile-time or else as early as possible at run-time? Examples of well-known and effective bug-reducing features are: Static typing and generic types: type incompatibility errors are detected by the compiler Design by Contract (TM), also called Contract Programming: invalid values are quickly detected at runtime (through preconditions, postconditions and class invariants) Unit testing I ask this question in the context of improving an object-oriented programming language (called Obix) which has been designed from the ground up to 'make it easy to quickly write reliable code'. Besides the features mentioned above this language also incorporates other Fail-fast features such as: Objects are immutable by default Void (null) values are not allowed by default The aim is to add more Fail-fast concepts to the language. If you know other features which help to write less error-prone code then please let us know. Thank you.

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  • Immutable Method Java

    - by Chris Okyen
    In Java, there is the final keyword in lieu of the const keyword in c and c++. In the latter languages their is mutable and immutable methods such as stated in one answer by Johannes Schaub - litb the question how-many-and-which-are-the-uses-of-const-in-ce Use const to tell others methods won't change the logical state of this object. struct SmartPtr { int getCopies() const { return mCopiesMade; } }ptr1; ... int var = ptr.getCopies(); // returns mCopiesMade and is specified that to not modify objects state. How is this performed in Java?

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  • Grid framework for CSS

    - by akp
    I see there are large number of grid frameworks in CSS like 960, heroku grid, etc being used by huge websites. I want to know whether using grid structure is really useful? If yes, then how? One of the biggest problem I saw with grid is having equal heights for elements. If we are using three grids like grid_2, grid_7, grid_3 for 3 vertical panels then it becomes very difficult to have these three panels positioned in a way such that they have equal heights and all of them change height when any of the content exapnds or collapse. This is because elements are floated in grid system and they don't change height along with neighbouring element.

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