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  • How to port VirtualBox machines with the recent snapshot?

    - by Liran Orevi
    I've ported a 'hard disk' using the 'clonehd' advice given on How to easily port VirtualBox machines? But it's not at the latest state, it's probably before any 'snapshot' was taken. I have only copied the 'hard disk', I haven't copied any 'snapshot' mainly because there are so many. I'm interested to transfer the 'hard disk' at it's latest state. How can this be done? (easily and not by coping the entire snapshots, machine etc...)

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  • In your ssh config is it possible to have one host entry for multiple machines on the same domain

    - by Joshua Olson
    I'd like to be able to do something like Host * HostName *.mydomain.com ... So I can type something like ssh test ssh ci ssh dev Instead of having to type ssh test.mydomain.com ssh ci.mydomain.com ssh dev.mydomain.com Right now I have separate entries for each one, but we have dozens of machines, so I'd rather have a default rather than have to duplicate everything so many times.

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  • What is the recommended way of cloning virtual machines in VirtualBox?

    - by Sanoj
    Is there any recommended way of cloning virtual machines in VirtualBox? I would like to install an Operating System and then make several clones of that one. I have tried with export and import appliance but I have got some problems doing it that way. See Internet connection fails in Ubuntu on VirtualBox when virtual machine is created from “Import appliance”

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  • What's the advantage of synchronizing UID/GID across Linux machines?

    - by alex
    Before I plunge into the depths of how to synchronize UID's/GID's across my different Linux machines, I would like to know what is actually the benefit? I know that this keeps file synchronization relatively easy (as ownership is "naturally" retained). However this can also be achieved otherwise depending on the transmission service. Is there anything else that would benefit from consistent UIDs/GIDs?

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  • Why is Postfix trying to connect to other machines SMTP port 25?

    - by TryTryAgain
    Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3085]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3086]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3086]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.135]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Is this a DNS thing, doubtful as I've changed from our local DNS to Google's..still Postfix will occasionally try and connect to ab.xyz.com from a variety of addresses that may or may not have port 25 open and act as mail servers to begin with. Why is Postfix attempting to connect to other machines as seen in the log? Mail is being sent properly, other than that, it appears all is good. Occasionally I'll also see: relay postfix/error[3090]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=32754, delays=32724/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused) I have Postfix setup with very little restrictions: mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/8 only. Like I said it appears all mail is getting passed through, but I hate seeing errors and it is confusing me as to why it would be attempting to connect to other machines as seen in the log. Some Output of cat /var/log/mail.log|grep 3F1AB42132 Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/smtpd[1653]: 3F1AB42132: client=unknown[10.41.0.109] Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/cleanup[1655]: 3F1AB42132: message-id= Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:04:31 relay postfix/smtp[1634]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=30, delays=0.02/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:13:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:14:28 relay postfix/smtp[1681]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=628, delays=598/0.01/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:28:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:29:28 relay postfix/smtp[1684]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=1527, delays=1497/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.135]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:58:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:59:28 relay postfix/smtp[1739]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=3327, delays=3297/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out) Jul 5 03:58:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 03:59:28 relay postfix/smtp[1839]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=6928, delays=6897/0.03/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 04:11:03 relay postfix/qmgr[2039]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 04:11:33 relay postfix/error[2093]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=7653, delays=7622/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 05:21:03 relay postfix/qmgr[2039]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 05:21:33 relay postfix/error[2217]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=11853, delays=11822/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 06:29:25 relay postfix/qmgr[2420]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 06:29:55 relay postfix/error[2428]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=15954, delays=15924/30/0/0.08, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 07:39:24 relay postfix/qmgr[2885]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 07:39:54 relay postfix/error[2936]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=20153, delays=20123/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out)

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  • Different color prompts for different machines when using terminal/ssh?

    - by bcrawl
    I have 5 machines I constantly ssh into to do work. Its getting increasingly frustrating when I am issuing wrong commands on wrong boxes. Luckily I havent done anything bad yet. I wanted to know if there is any hack which I can hardcode which will display my prompt in different colors based on the machine I am ssh into? Such as blue for desktop1, purple for laptop, red for server etc? Is this possible? Currently I am using this command export PS1="\e[0;31m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m " taken from here http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-shell-change-the-color-of-my-shell-prompt-under-linux-or-unix/ but it obviously doesnt work across ssh. Also, if you have any other cool bash tips for helping me ease my sight will be wonderful. I got this tip which colors the man pages. http://linuxtidbits.wordpress.com/2009/03/23/less-colors-for-man-pages/

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  • What is the equivalent of 127.255.255.255 for OS/X machines so I can test broadcast udp packets without a network?

    - by JohnPristine
    I am trying to test my program that makes use of broadcast UDP (not multicast!). In Linux, I can use the 127.255.255.255:64651 address and everything works beautifully, in other words, I send a packet to 127.255.255.255:64651 and multiple clients listening on that port get the packet. A real broadcast example! Unfortunately on my OS/X machine (Mountain Lion) the same example does not work. Is there any way I can get 127.255.255.255 to work on mac machines? Any other solution to get broadcast working on my mac machine without a network? Note: It has to be broadcast, not multicast.

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  • For virtual machines, when SMP is available on the host, should guest also have SMP setup?

    - by supercheetah
    I'm trying to find out the best "bang for my buck" so to speak in regards to virtual machines, and SMP. I have an Intel Core 2 Duo, which of course has two cores and the VT extensions, and I'm running Ubuntu Linux (host) on it with VirtualBox, which has Windows Vista (guest). Currently I've got the guest machine setup for two processors to give Windows a chance to manage its own parallelism, but I'm not certain that it's any faster. I've tried it with just one processor, but it's hard to tell if it's any better. Any thoughts? Should the guest have two processors setup?

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  • Do virtual machines perform better on the host HDD or USB drive?

    - by Jeremy Ricketts
    The question I'm asking is kind of general, and I'll give more specifics about my specific setup. Here's the main question though: Do virtual machines generally perform better on the host HDD or is it better to operate them from an external disk? My specific setup: A Macbook Pro with a nearly full internal SATA drive that spins at 7200. On this system I'm running large programs like Photoshop and some other RAM-intense applications. I've dedicated 2 of my 8 gigs of RAM to my VMware Fusion virtual machine, which runs Windows 7 and Visual Studio, sits on the same drive. When that thing boots up, my system really starts crawling. I have an external USB (specifics of that drive are here) which I'm thinking about moving the VM to. Obviously a USB drive is slower than my internal HDD, but maybe having two operating systems using the same disk is WORSE than putting one of them on a separate (albiet slower) disk. This a bad idea?

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  • What is the simplest way to confirm or to disprove that Virtual Box virtual machines support GRE protocol

    - by mbaitoff
    It is stated in VirtualBox manual (chapter 6) that VM network interfaces in "NAT" mode do not support GRE protocol. I'm currently trying to setup a pair of VMs as pptp server and client which would communicate via VM's network interfaces in "INTERNAL NETWORK" mode. I set up modern Linux OSes with pptp software on both machines and made some basic pptp configuration. However, I fail to connect the client to the server - server reports a failure when writing to GRE socket. I now need a quick proof of principal ability to use the GRE protocol between VirtualBox VMs over a network in "INTERNAL" mode, such as a several-line .c program that would try to open/send/receive/close a GRE protocol connection, or like a specific lightweight tool to diagnose the GRE availability. Any suggestions?

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  • How can I shut down all my Virtual Machines when my UPS kicks in?

    - by Tim
    I have a Dell T610 running ESXi4, an APC Smart UPS 1000VA and a local "console" machine running Vista and the vSphere 4 Essentials pack. A dedicated management network is in place between the T610 and the Vista machine. We have 4 VMs: SBS 2003, Server 2003 running Terminal Services, and two XP Machines. Ideally, when the UPS is forced to use battery power [for a set number minutes], I would like to gracefully shutdown all the VMs, then the ESXi, then the console machine. The latter two are not strictly a priority, but the VMs within ESXi are. Google provided lots of deprecated scripts that used to work on ESXi 3.x or similar, however I am unable to find what they were deprecated by. What do I need to be able to do this? I have Powerchute Express as supplied with the UPS, but would be willing to pay for software if required.

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  • How to manage configuration software installations of non-domain Windows XP machines?

    - by Digi
    I have a large set of unattended Windows XP machines who are not connected to a domain or even to each other. I am struggling to find any tools out there that I can use to deal with them in one application. I am hoping to find software that I can perhaps install a client on each machine, then have it essentially proxy out configuration information and possibly commands (install, uninstall, stop service, etc) across the whole network. The closest I've come is Nagios and its client, but it cannot be used to push files through and run commands remotely. Any suggestions?

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  • After deleting a local machines offline file cache, the same user's "my documents" no longer redirects to the network location.

    - by stead1984
    One of my apprentices was tasked with clearing out unused local profiles and clearing the offline file cache. After he cleared the offline file cache and rebooted the machine, he would log in as himself and no longer have his "my documents" redirected to the set network location. More over this seemed to then affect ANY other networked machine he logged into, except his own laptop. All our standard workstations run Windows XP Service Pack 3, the apprentice's laptop runs Windows 7 Professional. I can understand how clearing the offline file cache after deleting old local profiles could cause this issue but draw a complete blank as to why it would affect all networked machines. It's a strange one so this question may be a little hard to understand so any questions or further understanding required please ask.

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  • Is it possible to connect these machines with ssh tunnels or another mechanism?

    - by frankc
    I am physically on a machine that is behind a firewall and cannot be ssh'd into. Let's call that PC. PC can connect out to two machines, one on AWS and one that is part of a vpn connection, call them A and V, respectively. A and V cannot talk to each other directly. I need to frequently move files between A and V and have been doing this by scp'ing to PC and then scp'ing from pc. Is there a better way to do this? A and V are linux but PC has cygwin.

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  • Deploying virtual machines - Windows Guest/Linux Host or vice versa?

    - by samoz
    I'm looking to deploy several virtual machines for users. They need access to both Windows and Linux. They also need to use the computers graphics card (for Photoshop, modeling, etc) under Windows. My question is, will an Ubuntu host/Windows guest or a Windows host/Ubuntu guest be faster? I'm somewhat worried about Windows getting a cluttered registry and slow, but on the otherhand, a Windows host would have direct access to hardware (Unless I'm just unaware of how to grant hardware access to a guest). Does the choice of software (VMware or VirtualBox) effect the choice?

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  • Different color prompts for different machines when using terminal/ssh?

    - by bcrawl
    Hi, I have 5 machines I constantly ssh into to do work. Its getting increasingly frustrating when I am issuing wrong commands on wrong boxes. Luckily I havent done anything bad yet. I wanted to know if there is any hack which I can hardcode which will display my prompt in different colors based on the machine I am ssh into? Such as blue for desktop1, purple for laptop, red for server etc? Is this possible? Currently I am using this command export PS1="\e[0;31m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m " taken from here http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-shell-change-the-color-of-my-shell-prompt-under-linux-or-unix/ but it obviously doesnt work across ssh. Also, if you have any other cool bash tips for helping me ease my sight will be wonderful. I got this tip which colors the man pages. http://linuxtidbits.wordpress.com/2009/03/23/less-colors-for-man-pages/

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  • Active directory Kerberos OSX problems

    - by Temotodochi
    I'll try to keep this short, but informative. I'm currently unable to bind OSX lion (10.7.4) machines to our AD. OSX kerberos (heimdal) is unable to locate the KDC service. However i can bind linux & windows machines to the AD without any problems in the same network AD controls the domain DNS and all the relevant _kerberos._tcp.x.domain.com and _kpasswd SRV DNS records are there and resolve fine when tried from OSX machines. Defined ports are open for service and manually accessible from OSX. When i try kinit in the OSX, i can get the first auth through (wrong passwords fail instantly), but when supplied with correct password, kinit fails after some waiting with "unable to reach KDC". All machines run NTP and have correct time. During testing, network is not firewalled between the machines Linux and windows machines have no problems whatsoever I have tried with and without /etc/krb5.conf - OSX by default does not need it in the krb5.conf i used a working config from one of our linux machines. dsconfigad fails with simple "connection failed to the directory server" I'm a bit baffled with this. OSX is like the KDC is nowhere to be found and at the same time my test machines with windows 7 and some linux (centos 6 & debian 6) machines have no problems whatsoever. Same network, same configurations. I'm missing some vital piece of configuration somewhere, and i can't find out what it is.

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  • How do I make ESXi 5.0 to shutdown virtual machines when the physical power button is pushed?

    - by Pawel Sawicki
    I have a home NAS/DLNA server built out of an HP Micro Server with the HP branded VMware ESXi 5.0.0 build-623860 (free license) installed. Being a home media center I'd like it to be "manageable" by all my household members. This requires that it needs to be powered on an off (including all the VMs inside) by anybody with the physical access to the server by simply pressing the power button on the chassis. The "startup" part is easy to obtain - all I had to do was to configure the startup/shutdown policy: Once the server powers up, all VMs start as well and that's exactly what I need. Well.. it did work up until 5.0.0U1, but that's a different story: http://blogs.vmware.com/vsphere/2012/03/free-esxi-hypervisor-auto-start-breaks-with-50-update-1.html Unfortunately, pressing the power button doesn't gracefully shutdown the guest machines - they are terminated instead. If I run the "shut down" command from the vSphere Client interface guests are powered off. I'd like to get the same end result when the physical power button is switched. I've poked around a bit on the ESXi server. There's a "/sbin/shutdown.sh" script that seemed to do exactly what I need... but after trying it does exactly what the power off button. The "/etc/inittab" contains an entry for the "shutdown" level but I suppose it's not hooked to the power button. I can't find any acpi related configuration, neither do I know what exactly is executed when the power button is pressed. Does anybody have a clue how can I make the VMs shutdown automatically when the physical power switch is pressed to turn of the computer?

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  • How do I load balance between two Linux machines?

    - by William Hilsum
    Inspired by the Stack Overflow network, I am now obsessed with HAProxy and trying to use it myself. At the moment, each HAProxy box has got two network cards (well, two configured, I can have a maximum of 4 and wasn't sure if they needed their own one for management between the boxes). On both machines, the backend one (eth1) is a private IP that goes to a switch connected to the webservers, and the front facing one (eth0) has a public internet IP that is routed straight though. In addition, I have created an additional virtual ip for eth0 called eth0:0 which has got a third public ip address. I just about get how to use it for load balancing between multiple web servers that are behind it, but, I am failing to load balance between the two HAProxy boxes - they appear to fight for the virtual IP, but, this does not appear to be a smart solution. Now, by using the virtual shared IP address, this solution appears to work and does seem to give me maximum uptime, but, is this the correct way to do it, or is there a smarter way? I have been looking at other Linux packages such as keepalived, but, I have only been using Linux (server) for a week now and am at the limits of my understanding. Is there anyone who has done this before and can you advise anything for maximum uptime?

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  • How can I install .NET framework 3.5 on XP machines without internet connection?

    - by EricSchaefer
    I want to install .NET framework 3.5 on a couple of machines that do not have internet access. If I install the "no internet access"-package it still wants to download something. How can I figure out what is missing? Are there other installation packages? Edit: I would present screenshots but I cannot upload anything from here and the shots would be in german. So I present only the text translated back to english... Installing the "full redistributable package": At the bottom of the license agreement page it display this text: Size of download file: 67 MB Appoximate download time: 2h 44min (56KBit/s) 18min (512KBit/s) It shows the text even if I installed Windows Installer 3.1. After agreeing it displays the "Download and Installation Status"-Dialog with a progress bar labeled "Download:" and Status: Connection to server attempted (try X of 5). Total Download Status: 56MB/67MB I tried it in a VM with no network connection. It tries 5 times while the progress bar shows progress. Later the progress bar is labeled "Installation:". Even later it reports problems during setup and provides two buttons "Send Report Later" and "Don't Send". Now here it comes: "Setup completed" and "Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 has been deinstalled successfully." (Emphasis is mine) "It is recommended to install current service packs and security updates. More information at Windows Update (link)." Edit2: Installed Service Pack 3, but still no success.

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  • Recent DDE / file open issue with Office 2007 affecting only a few machines, is a Windows Update to blame?

    - by kafka
    All our workstations run Windows 7 Professional 64 bit. It started with one, then another, then another couple of machines having a problem accessing Word files locally and on the network. This doesn't happen on my machine though. Affected users get the error message 'There was a problem sending the command to the program'. I've Googled for solutions, but none of the answers worked. They suggested deleting certain registry keys; unregistering and reregistering the program for DDE; resetting the way that the shell opens .docx programs etc. each to no avail. As it affects local and network shares I believe the problem lies with the clients, and not the server, and I'm starting to suspect that there could have been a recent Windows Update which has caused this. I've tried comparing the updates on my working machine with an affected machine, but I can't immediately see any major differences. Has anyone else recently encountered this problem? What are the best steps to take to further isolate what could be causing this?

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  • How to backup virtual machines on a standalone ESXi host?

    - by Massimo
    Standalone ESXi (4.1) host without any vCenter Server. How to backup virtual machines as quickly and storage-friendly as possible? I know I can access the ESXi console and use the standard Unix cp command, but this has the downfall of copying the whole VMDK files, not only their actually used space; so, for a 30-GB VMDK of which only 1 GB is used, the backup would take 30 full GBs of space, and time accordingly. And yes, I know about thin-provisioned virtual disks, but they tend to behave very badly when physically copied, and/or to blow up to their full provisioned size; also, they are not recommended for actual VM performance. It is ok for me to shut down the VMs before backing them up (i.e. I don't need "live" backups); but I need a way to copy them around efficiently; and yes, a way to automate shutdown/startup when taking a backup would also help. I only have ESXi; no Service Console, no vCenter Server... what's the best way to handle this task? Also, what about restores?

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  • Begin the Clone Wars Have!

    - by Antony Reynolds
    Creating a New Virtual Machine from an Existing Virtual Disk In previous posts I described how I set up an OEL6 machine under VirtualBox that can run an 11gR2 database and FMW 11.1.1.5.  That is great if you want the DB and FMW running in the same virtual image and it has served me well for some proof of concepts and also for some testing of different JVMs.  However I also wanted to run some testing of FMW with the database running on a separate physical machine.  So in this post I will show how to take a VirtualBox image and create a new image based on the disks from that original image. What are my Options? There is more than one way to skin a cat, or in this case to create two separate VMs that can run on different hardware.  Some of the options include: Create new virtual disk images for each new VM. Clone the existing disk images and point the new VM at the cloned images. Point the new VM at the existing snapshots. #1 is too much like hard work, install OEL twice, install a database again, install FMW again, run RCU again!  Life is too short! #2 is probably the safest way of doing things.  VirtualBox allows you to clone a disk image for use in a separate machine.  However this of course duplicates the disk and means that it is now occupying 3 times the space, once for the original disk and twice more for the two clones I would need. #3 is the most space efficient way of doing things.  It does mean however that I can only run the new “cloned” images if I have access to the original image because that is where the base snapshots reside.  However this is not a problem for me as long as I remember to keep all threee images together.  So this is the approach we will follow. Snapshot, What Snapshot? As we are going to create new virtual machines based on existing snapshots we need to figure out which snapshot to use.  We do this by opening the “Media Manager” from within VirtualBox and moving the mouse over the snapshot images until we find the snapshots we want – the snapshot name is identified in the “Attached to:” comment.  In my case I wanted the FMW installed snapshot because that had a database configured for FMW alongside the FMW software.  I made a note of the filename of that snapshot (actually I just noted the first 5 characters as that was all that was needed to uniquely identify the snapshot file). When we create the new machines we will point them at the snapshot filename we have just checked. Network or NotWork? Because we want the two new machines to communicate with each other when hosted in different physical machines we can’t use the default NAT networking mode without a lot of hassle.  But at the same time we need them to have fixed IP addresses relative to each other so that they can see each other whilst also being able to see the outside world. To achieve all these requirements I created two network adapters for each machine.  Adapter 1 was a standard NAT mapping.  This will allow each machine to get a dynamic IP address (10.0.2.15 by default) that can be used to access the external world through the VBox provided NAT gateway.  This is the same as the existing configuration. The second adapter I created as a bridged adapter.  This gives the virtual machine direct access to the host network card and by using fixed IP addresses each machine can see the other.  It is important to choose fixed IP addresses that are not routable across your internal network so you don’t get any clashes with other machines on your network.  Of course you could always get proper fixed IP addresses from your network people, but I have serveral people using my images and as long as I don’t have two instances of the same VM on the same network segment this is easier and avoids reconfiguring the network every time someone wants a copy of my VM.  If it is available I would suggest using the 10.0.3.* network as 10.0.2.* is the default NAT network.  You can check availability by pinging 10.0.3.1 and 10.0.3.2 from your host machine.  If it times out then you are probably safe to use that. Creating the New VMs Now that I had collected the data that I needed I went ahead and created the new VMs. When asked for a “Boot Hard Disk” I used the “Choose a virtual hard disk file…” link to find the snapshot I had previously selected and set that to be the existing hard disk.  I chose the previously existing SOA 11.1.1.5 install for both the new DB and FMW machines because that snapshot had the database with the RCU completed that I wanted for my DB machine and it had the SOA software installed which I wanted for my FMW machine. After the initial creation of the virtual machine go into the network setting section and enable a second adapter which will be bridged.  Make a note of the MAC addresses (the last four digits should be sufficient) of the two adapters so that you can later set the bridged adapter to use fixed IP and the NAT adapter to use DHCP. We are now ready to start the VMs and reconfigure Linux. Reconfiguring Linux Because I now have two new machines I need to change their network configuration.  In particular I need to change the hostname, update the hosts file and change the network settings. Changing the Hostname I renamed both hosts by running the hostname command as root: hostname vboxfmw.oracle.com I also edited the /etc/sysconfig file and set the correct hostname in there. HOSTNAME=vboxfmw.oracle.com Changing the Network Settings I needed to change the network configuration to give the bridged network a fixed IP address.  I first explicitly set the MAC addresses of the two adapters, because the order of the virtual adapters in the VirtualBox Manager is not necessarily the same as the order of the adapters in the guest OS.  So I went in to the System->Preferences->Network Connections screen and explicitly set the “Device MAC address” for the two adapters. Having correctly mapped the Linux adapters to the VirtualBox adapters I then set the Bridged adapter to use fixed IP addressing rather than DHCP.  There is no need for additional routing or default gateways because we expect the two machine to be on the same LAN segment. Updating the Hosts File Having renamed the machines and reconfigured the network I then updated the /etc/hosts file to refer to the new machine name add a new line to the hosts file to provide an additional IP address for my server (the new fixed IP address) add a new line for the fixed IP address of the other virtual machine 10.0.3.101      vboxdb.oracle.com       vboxdb  # Added by NetworkManager 10.0.2.15       vboxdb.oracle.com       vboxdb  # Added by NetworkManager 10.0.3.102      vboxfmw.oracle.com      vboxfmw # Added by NetworkManager 127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost ::1     vboxdb.oracle.com       vboxdb  localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 To make sure everything takes effect I restarted the server. Reconfiguring the Database on the DB Machine Because we changed the hostname the listener and the EM console no longer start so I need to modify the listener.ora to use the new hostname and I also need to rebuild the EM configuration because it also relies on the hostname. I edited the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora and changed the listening address to the new hostname:       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vboxdb.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521)) After changing the listener.ora I was able to start the listener using: lsnrctl start I also had to reconfigure the EM database control.  I first deconfigured it using the command: emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -repos drop This drops the repository and removes any existing registered dbcontrols. I then re-configured it using the following command: emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create This creates the EM repository and then configures and starts dbcontrol. Now my database machine is ready so I can close it down and take a snapshot. Disabling the Database on the FMW Machine I set up the database to start automatically by creating a service called “dbora”.  On the FMW machine I do not need the database running so I can prevent it auto-starting by running the following command: chkconfig –del dbora Note that because I am using a snapshot it is not a waste of disk space to have the DB installed but not used.  As long as I don’t run it, it won’t cost me anything. I can now close the FMW machine down and take a snapshot. Creating a New Domain The FMW machine is now ready to create a new domain.  When creating the domain I can point it at the second machine which is running the database.  I can potentially run these machines on two separate physical machines as long as I have the original virtual machine available to both of the physical machines. Gotchas in Snapshotting VirtualBox does not support the concept of linked machines in a network like some virtualization technologies so when creating a snapshot it is a good idea to shut both VMs down and then take a snapshot on both of them.  This is because we want to keep the database in sync with the middleware.  One way to make sure that this happens would be to place all the domain configuration files on the database server via an NFS share, this would mean that all we would need to snapshot would be the database machine because that would hold all the state and configuration. The Sky’s the Limit We have covered a simple case of having just two machines.  I have a more complicated configuration in which two machine run a RAC database off the same base OS image, and two more machines run a SOA cluster based on the same OS image.  Just remember what machine holds state and what are the consequences of taking a snapshot.

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