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  • How to read special characters from stdin in Python?

    - by erickrf
    I'm having trouble reading special characters from stdin. Here are my attempts: import os dir = raw_input("Dir name: ") Dir name: c:/á os.chdir(dir) WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified: 'c:/\x81\xe1' Ok, so I tried to get the default system encoding and recode the string from stdin: import locale encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] print encoding cp1252 unicode(dir, encoding) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "c:\Python26\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 15, in decode return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table) UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x81 in position 3: character maps to <undefined> Now, I don't know how to solve this. Nor can I understand - why is there a problem when I try to access a directory with a name written in the system default encoding itself??

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  • Is there an equivalent to Java's ClassFileTransformer in .NET? (a way to replace a class)

    - by Alix
    I've been searching for this for quite a while with no luck so far. Is there an equivalent to Java's ClassFileTransformer in .NET? Basically, I want to create a class CustomClassFileTransformer (which in Java would implement the interface ClassFileTransformer) that gets called whenever a class is loaded, and is allowed to tweak it and replace it with the tweaked version. I know there are frameworks that do similar things, but I was looking for something more straightforward, like implementing my own ClassFileTransformer. Is it possible? EDIT #1. More details about why I need this: Basically, I have a C# application and I need to monitor the instructions it wants to run in order to detect read or write operations to fields (operations Ldfld and Stfld) and insert some instructions before the read/write takes place. I know how to do this (except for the part where I need to be invoked to replace the class): for every method whose code I want to monitor, I must: Get the method's MethodBody using MethodBase.GetMethodBody() Transform it to byte array with MethodBody.GetILAsByteArray(). The byte[] it returns contains the bytecode. Analyse the bytecode as explained here, possibly inserting new instructions or deleting/modifying existing ones by changing the contents of the array. Create a new method and use the new bytecode to create its body, with MethodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(byte[] il, int count), where il is the array with the bytecode. I put all these tweaked methods in a new class and use the new class to replace the one that was originally going to be loaded. An alternative to replacing classes would be somehow getting notified whenever a method is invoked. Then I'd replace the call to that method with a call to my own tweaked method, which I would tweak only the first time is invoked and then I'd put it in a dictionary for future uses, to reduce overhead (for future calls I'll just look up the method and invoke it; I won't need to analyse the bytecode again). I'm currently investigating ways to do this and LinFu looks pretty interesting, but if there was something like a ClassFileTransformer it would be much simpler: I just rewrite the class, replace it, and let the code run without monitoring anything. An additional note: the classes may be sealed. I want to be able to replace any kind of class, I cannot impose restrictions on their attributes. EDIT #2. Why I need to do this at runtime. I need to monitor everything that is going on so that I can detect every access to data. This applies to the code of library classes as well. However, I cannot know in advance which classes are going to be used, and even if I knew every possible class that may get loaded it would be a huge performance hit to tweak all of them instead of waiting to see whether they actually get invoked or not. POSSIBLE (BUT PRETTY HARDCORE) SOLUTION. In case anyone is interested (and I see the question has been faved, so I guess someone is), this is what I'm looking at right now. Basically I'd have to implement the profiling API and I'll register for the events that I'm interested in, in my case whenever a JIT compilation starts. An extract of the blogpost: In your ICorProfilerCallback2::ModuleLoadFinished callback, you call ICorProfilerInfo2::GetModuleMetadata to get a pointer to a metadata interface on that module. QI for the metadata interface you want. Search MSDN for "IMetaDataImport", and grope through the table of contents to find topics on the metadata interfaces. Once you're in metadata-land, you have access to all the types in the module, including their fields and function prototypes. You may need to parse metadata signatures and this signature parser may be of use to you. In your ICorProfilerCallback2::JITCompilationStarted callback, you may use ICorProfilerInfo2::GetILFunctionBody to inspect the original IL, and ICorProfilerInfo2::GetILFunctionBodyAllocator and then ICorProfilerInfo2::SetILFunctionBody to replace that IL with your own. The great news: I get notified when a JIT compilation starts and I can replace the bytecode right there, without having to worry about replacing the class, etc. The not-so-great news: you cannot invoke managed code from the API's callback methods, which makes sense but means I'm on my own parsing the IL code, etc, as opposed to be able to use Cecil, which would've been a breeze. I don't think there's a simpler way to do this without using AOP frameworks (such as PostSharp). If anyone has any other idea please let me know. I'm not marking the question as answered yet.

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  • MVC Pattern Clarification

    - by Amutha
    Just I started learning MVC pattern,ofcourse i am learning it from Microsoft's website.Just i want to gather quiz information from the experts. My understanding is (correct me then and there) 1 ) MVC does not support server side events ,but supports client side events.if it supports client side events,i need html page with jQuery/Javascript (view),but most of the example i absorbed is to display the information(model) in view ,i did not see any client side event handling happens in view. 2) Except ViewState and controlState,MVC supports Sessions,Application State management,Cache management. 3) When request goes to MVC engine ,the routing module routes the request that is picked up by the controller.The controller in executes the appropriate action and return the appropriate view.

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  • Stubbing ActiveRecord result arrays

    - by Matthias
    Using Ruby 1.8.6, stubbing a finder method to return an Array does not work when the code under test calls the 'count' method on the result: User.any_instance.stubs(:friends).returns([user1, user2]) That's because Array.count has only been added in Ruby 1.8.7. Rails also adds a count method dynamically, I believe through the ActiveRecord::Calculations module. Is there any way to turn this result array into something that behaves exactly as the special Array kind returned by a Rails finder method? When paginating results, it's easy: I can simply call [].paginate. But that doesn't work with normal finder results. I tried [].extend(ActiveRecord::Calculations) but that doesn't work either.

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  • Python SQLite: database is locked

    - by user322683
    I'm trying this code: import sqlite connection = sqlite.connect('cache.db') cur = connection.cursor() cur.execute('''create table item (id integer primary key, itemno text unique, scancode text, descr text, price real)''') connection.commit() cur.close() I'm catching this exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "cache_storage.py", line 7, in <module> scancode text, descr text, price real)''') File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 237, in execute self.con._begin() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 503, in _begin self.db.execute("BEGIN") _sqlite.OperationalError: database is locked Permissions for cache.db are ok. Any ideas?

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  • Python: Why can't I use `super` on a class?

    - by cool-RR
    Why can't I use super to get a method of a class's superclass? Example: Python 3.1.3 >>> class A(object): ... def my_method(self): pass >>> class B(A): ... def my_method(self): pass >>> super(B).my_method Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module> super(B).my_method AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute 'my_method' (Of course this is a trivial case where I could just do A.my_method, but I needed this for a case of diamond-inheritance.) According to super's documentation, it seems like what I want should be possible. This is super's documentation: (Emphasis mine) super() - same as super(__class__, <first argument>) super(type) - unbound super object super(type, obj) - bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type) super(type, type2) - bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type) [non-relevant examples redacted]

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  • Drupal Adding Span inside A tags in Nice Menus

    - by Chris
    I am trying to add drop down menus to a drupal theme which uses text sliding door CSS rounding. The current version uses a primary links injection of the span into the a tags, which works fine. But doesn't support drop down menus. Working code: <?php print theme('links', $primary_links, array('class' => 'links primary-links')) ?> In the template with a template.php file addition: <?php // function for injecting spans inside anchors which we need for the theme's rounded corner background images function strands_guybrush_links($links, $attributes = array('class' => 'links')) { $output = ''; if (count($links) > 0) { $output = '<ul'. drupal_attributes($attributes) .'>'; $num_links = count($links); $i = 1; foreach ($links as $key => $link) { $class = $key; // Add first, last and active classes to the list of links to help out themers. if ($i == 1) { $class .= ' first'; } if ($i == $num_links) { $class .= ' last'; } if (isset($link['href']) && ($link['href'] == $_GET['q'] || ($link['href'] == '<front>' && drupal_is_front_page()))) { $class .= ' active'; } $output .= '<li'. drupal_attributes(array('class' => $class)) .'>'; if (isset($link['href'])) { $link['title'] = '<span class="link">' . check_plain($link['title']) . '</span>'; $link['html'] = TRUE; // Pass in $link as $options, they share the same keys. $output .= l($link['title'], $link['href'], $link); } else if (!empty($link['title'])) { // Some links are actually not links, but we wrap these in <span> for adding title and class attributes if (empty($link['html'])) { $link['title'] = check_plain($link['title']); } $span_attributes = ''; if (isset($link['attributes'])) { $span_attributes = drupal_attributes($link['attributes']); } $output .= '<span'. $span_attributes .'>'. $link['title'] .'</span>'; } $i++; $output .= "</li>\n"; } $output .= '</ul>'; } return $output; } ?> So I have added the [Nice Menu module][1] which works well and allows the drop down menu functions for my navigation which is now addressed from the template using: <?php print theme_nice_menu_primary_links() ?> The issue is that the a tags need to have spans inside to allow for the selected state markup. I have tried every angle I could find to edit the drupal function menu_item_link which is used by nice menus to build the links. E.g. I looked at the drupal forum for two days and no joy. The lines in the module that build the links are: function theme_nice_menu_build($menu) { $output = ''; // Find the active trail and pull out the menus ids. menu_set_active_menu_name('primary-links'); $trail = menu_get_active_trail('primary-links'); foreach ($trail as $item) { $trail_ids[] = $item['mlid']; } foreach ($menu as $menu_item) { $mlid = $menu_item['link']['mlid']; // Check to see if it is a visible menu item. if ($menu_item['link']['hidden'] == 0) { // Build class name based on menu path // e.g. to give each menu item individual style. // Strip funny symbols. $clean_path = str_replace(array('http://', '<', '>', '&', '=', '?', ':'), '', $menu_item['link']['href']); // Convert slashes to dashes. $clean_path = str_replace('/', '-', $clean_path); $class = 'menu-path-'. $clean_path; $class .= in_array($mlid, $trail_ids) ? ' active' : ''; // If it has children build a nice little tree under it. if ((!empty($menu_item['link']['has_children'])) && (!empty($menu_item['below']))) { // Keep passing children into the function 'til we get them all. $children = theme('nice_menu_build', $menu_item['below']); // Set the class to parent only of children are displayed. $class .= $children ? ' menuparent ' : ''; // Add an expanded class for items in the menu trail. $output .= '<li id="menu-'. $mlid .'" class="'. $class .'">'. theme('menu_item_link', $menu_item['link']); // Build the child UL only if children are displayed for the user. if ($children) { $output .= '<ul>'; $output .= $children; $output .= "</ul>\n"; } $output .= "</li>\n"; } else { $output .= '<li id="menu-'. $mlid .'" class="'. $class .'">'. theme('menu_item_link', $menu_item['link']) .'</li>'."\n"; } } } return $output; } As you can see the $output uses menu_item_link to parse the array into links and to added the class of active to the selected navigation link. The question is how do I add a span inside the a tags OR how do I wrap the a tags with a span that has the active class to style the sliding door links? drupal.org/project/nice_menus drupal.org/node/53233

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  • JSON webservice response compression in IIS 7

    - by denisioru
    Hello! I have trouble with JSON response compression. I look to response headers after uploading website to production server (Windows 2008, IIS 7) and found uncompressed response. Turning on "Enabled static compression" and ""Enable dynamic compression" in IIS control panel does not effect. ASPX pages was responsed gzipped, but webservice response uncompressed. I looked to google, but no answer found about this trouble. Also, I try this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2405595/json-ihttpmodule-compression way (and adding to web.config this module) - but this source is excellent working at development machine with ASP.NET development server (and have seven times response size reduced) and totally ignored at IIS7. How I can apply gzip compression to json responses from my webservice? Thanks. PS .NET 3.5

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  • Rails - Multiple top level domains and a single session/cookie

    - by Thadius B
    Hello all, I've been struggling with this for quite awhile and haven't been able to find a solution. I need a user to be able to view multiple top level domains with a single login. My understanding is that this needs to be set in environment.rb and called with before_dispatch. This is what I've come up with: require 'activesupport' require 'dispatcher' module ActionController class Dispatcher def set_session_domain ActionController::Base.session_options.update :session_domain => "#{@request.host}" end before_dispatch :set_session_domain end end However, this does not seem to be working when I try and pull the values from session[:session_domain]. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • detecting circular imports

    - by wallacoloo
    I'm working with a project that contains about 30 unique modules. It wasn't designed too well, so it's common that I create circular imports when adding some new functionality to the project. Of course, when I add the circular import, I'm unaware of it. Sometimes it's pretty obvious I've made a circular import when I get an error like AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'attribute' where I clearly defined 'attribute'. But other times, the code doesn't throw exceptions because of the way it's used. So, to my question: Is it possible to programmatically detect when and where a circular import is occuring?

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  • ASP.NET Development Server - Empty webResource.axd after conversion from 2.0 to 3.5

    - by David Casey
    I have moved a project from asp.net 2.0 to 3.5. The original project was using the atlas ajax extensions so I have modified the code to use the built in ajax features in 3.5. When running the project within the dev environemnt (VS2008 on Vista Business SP1) and using the asp.net dev server I receive javascript errors such as WebForm_PostBackOptions which point to a missing handler/module. If I deploy the project and run it stand alone within IIS or if I use Fiddler2 while running in VS2008 I do not see the errors and fiddler shows that the axd files are being downloaded correctly. Also deploying to a 2003 server does not show any issues. I could just carry on and forget this as it works when deployed but I would like to understand what is happening. Has anyone got an ideas as to what is going on here and how to get the same results accross all environments?

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  • CakePHP 1.3.0 RC4 Installation

    - by SDwebs
    I have been using 1.2.6 and downloaded 1.3 to try it out. I am using wampserver with Apache 2.2.11. I have mod rewrite enabled. When I bake a new application using the cake 1.3 console, after I verify that the webroot/index.php of the application CAKE_CORE_INCLUDE_PATH is set to the Cake1.3 Installation folder. The result is a page thats missing CSS, missing a method. Typing in localhost/app/index.php will enable the program to find the app. Therefore I have to assume the rewrite module isnt functioning properly for v1.3. Is there something I have to add to the cake installation or app folder to make this function as it should?

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  • Scala 2.8 TreeMap and custom Ordering

    - by Dave
    I'm switching from scala 2.7 and ordered to scala 2.8 and using ordering. It looks quite straight forward but I was wondering could I make it a little less verbose. For example: scala> case class A(i: Int) defined class A scala> object A extends Ordering[A] { def compare(o1: A, o2: A) = o1.i - o2.i} defined module A If I then try to create a TreeMap I get an error scala> new collection.immutable.TreeMap[A, String]() <console>:10: error: could not find implicit value for parameter ordering: Ordering[A] new collection.immutable.TreeMap[A, String]() ^ However if I explicitly specify the object A as the ordering it works fine. scala> new collection.immutable.TreeMap[A, String]()(A) res34: scala.collection.immutable.TreeMap[A,String] = Map() Do I always have to explicitly specify the ordering or is there a shorter format? Thanks

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  • How to time-delay email deliveries?

    - by Michael D
    I'm currently learning about the Drupal email functions, such as drupal_mail and hook_mail, and hook_mail_alter, and I have a problem before me where I'll need to be able to queue emails for delayed delivery. For example, an event signup notification that needs to wait for an hour after the event was registered by a user. And that email has user specific data, so can't be just a generic template email... I'm using the MailQ module, mainly for it's logging capabilities, but I wonder if it (or something else) could be modified to add a configurable delay function? Any ideas?

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  • Can't see drop down list in Excel VBA

    - by Ten Ton Gorilla
    I've created a very simple drop down list in excel. It holds a sequence of integers loaded from a cell range (years). I need to read the selected value in vba. However I can't even seem to find the control! I've tried CboYear Sheet2.CboYear Worksheets("SheetName").CboYear etc. etc. From everywhere in VBA this control just doesn't exist. All the tutorial I find seem to assume that using just the control name will work. I've tried the code in the sheet itself, the workbook, and a module, no luck.

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  • How do you build a Request-Response service using Asyncore in Python?

    - by Casey
    I have a 3rd-party protocol module (SNMP) that is built on top of asyncore. The asyncore interface is used to process response messages. What is the proper technique to design a client that generate the request-side of the protocol, while the asyncore main loop is running. I can think of two options right now: Use the loop,timeout parameters of asyncore.loop() to allow my client program time to send the appropriate request. Create a client asyncore dispatcher that will be executed in the same asyncore processing loop as the receiver. What is the best option? I'm working on the 2nd solution, cause the protocol API does not give me direct access to the asyncore parameters. Please correct me if I've misunderstood the proper technique for utilizing asyncore.

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  • ByteStrings in Haskell

    - by Jon
    So i am trying to write a program that can read in a java class file as bytecode. For this i am using Data.Binary and Data.ByteStream. The problem i am having is because im pretty new to Haskell i am having trouble actually using these tools. module Main where import Data.Binary.Get import Data.Word import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as S getBinary :: Get Word8 getBinary = do a <- getWord8 return (a) main :: IO () main = do contents <- S.getContents print (getBinary contents) This is what i have come up with so far and i fear that its not really even on the right track. Although i know this question is very general i would appreciate some help with what i should be doing with the reading.

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  • How To: Referencing LAPACK library from FORTRAN 95 in Cygwin

    - by cholmgreen
    I have a FORTRAN 95 program that needs to make some calls to the LAPACK library. I recently found out that Cygwin because it can install LAPACK as an extra option. Well, LAPACK exists in the /lib/lapack/ directory as "cyglapack.dll". Having only a very informal training in Fortran programming, I have no idea how to reference a .dll library as opposed to a .mod module. Any suggestions or directions to articles answering my question are GREATLY appreciated! (P.S. I did search first.. I don't think I know the proper terms to get a useful article.)

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  • Implementing __concat__

    - by Casebash
    I tried to implement __concat__, but it didn't work >>> class lHolder(): ... def __init__(self,l): ... self.l=l ... def __concat__(self, l2): ... return self.l+l2 ... def __iter__(self): ... return self.l.__iter__() ... >>> lHolder([1])+[2] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'lHolder' and 'list' How can I fix this?

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  • Python: win32console import problem

    - by David
    I want to run wexpect (the windows port of pexpect) on my Windows 7 64-bit machine. I am getting the following error: C:\Program Files (x86)\wexpect\build\libwexpect.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files (x86)\wexpect\build\lib\wexpect.py", line 97, in raise ImportError(str(e) + "This package was intended for Windows like operating systems.") ImportError: No module named win32console This package requires the win32 python packages.This package was intended for Windows like operatin g systems. In the code it is failing on the following line: from win32console import * I am using Python 2.6.4. I cannot figure out how to install win32console.

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  • Problem with stackless python, cannot write to a dict

    - by ANON
    I have simple map-reduce type algorithm, which I want to implement in python and make use of multiple cores. I read somewhere that threads using native thread module in 2.6 dont make use of multiple cores. is that true? I even implemented it using stackless python however i am getting into weird errors [Update: a quick search showed that the stack less does not allows multiple cores So are their any other alternatives?] def Propagate(start,end): print "running Thread with range: ",start,end def maxVote(nLabels): count = {} maxList = [] maxCount = 0 for nLabel in nLabels: if nLabel in count: count[nLabel] += 1 else: count[nLabel] = 1 #Check if the count is max if count[nLabel] > maxCount: maxCount = count[nLabel]; maxList = [nLabel,] elif count[nLabel]==maxCount: maxList.append(nLabel) return random.choice(maxList) for num in range(start,end): node=MapList[num] nLabels = [Label[k] for k in Adj[node]] if (nLabels!=[]): Label[node] = maxVote(nLabels) else: Label[node]=node However in above code the values assigned to Label, that is the change in dictionary are lost. Above propagate function is used as callable for MicroThreads (i.e. TaskLets)

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  • Coldfusion 9 installation problem with IIS7

    - by Saul
    Windows web server 2008 R2 64 bit, CF9 64 bit, IIS7, ISAPI extensions and filters and II6 metabase compatability installed. OS is on C default, and trying to install CF to D: Testing IIS and it shows index.html correctly from c:\inetpub\wwwroot at http://localhost/index.html Then I install CF to D:\ , single standard server licence, select run with all IIS sites, select C:\inetpub\wwwroot as the web root for administrator, and when it gets to the bit where it is supposed to open up administrator to complete the installation it opens up the browser with a 500 error. Now when I go back to http://localhost/index.html I also get a 500 error, if i uninstall CF I can again reach the html page. CFIDE has been installed in C:\inetpub\wwwroot presumably correctly. Can anyone tell me where I'm going wrong please. Update The exact IIS error is HTTP Error 500.0 - Internal Server Error The page cannot be displayed because an internal server error has occurred. Module IsapiModule Notification ExecuteRequestHandler Handler AboMapperCustom-28262 Error Code 0x800700c1 Requested URL http://127.0.0.1:80/test.htm Physical Path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.htm Logon Method Anonymous Logon User Anonymous

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  • Tail recursion in Erlang

    - by dagda1
    Hi, I am really struggling to understand tail recursion in Erlang. I have the following eunit test: db_write_many_test() -> Db = db:new(), Db1 = db:write(francesco, london, Db), Db2 = db:write(lelle, stockholm, Db1), ?assertEqual([{lelle, stockholm},{francesco, london}], Db2). And here is my implementation: -module(db) . -include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl"). -export([new/0,write/3]). new() -> []. write(Key, Value, Database) -> Record = {Key, Value}, [Record|append(Database)]. append([H|T]) -> [H|append(T)]; append([]) -> []. Is my implementation tail recursive and if not, how can I make it so? Thanks in advance

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  • VB.net Edit-And-Continue: ignore "unable to apply this change while debugging"

    - by FastAl
    When using VB.Net (2008) and paused in debugging, Edit-And-Continue is a great time-saver. However if you change any module/class-level information (variable, sub/function signature, etc), you get the error message like this: "unable to apply this change while debugging" While I can understand the technical challenge to making this work (and why it would be hard), it leaves me in a tight spot with just a few options: 1) Restart and recompile and get the program back to the same state 2) Continue debugging without making the change, and risk forgetting 3) Type up a reminder note to make the change All of which are annoying. Now I know that option '4) Just actually make the change' may not be possible. but does anybody know how to enable the following 'technically easy' possibility? 4) Let me change the code, get it flagged with the purple squiggly underline, so I can save it, but just ignore the change until recompile I have checked the Tools|options|debug|edit and continue, nothing appears to let me do this. thanks!

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  • .Net Array or IList<T> from NumPy array in IronPython?

    - by Barry Wark
    Imagine I have a .Net application that supports user extensions in the form of Python modules by embedding IronPython. Using Ironclad, I can allow users to make use of the NumPy and SciPy packages from within their modules. How good is the interop provided by Ironclad? My question is: can I use a NumPy array of type T provided by the user's module in the rest of my app that requires an IList<T>? Edit To clarify, IronPython exposes any Python enumerable of objects of type T as an IEnumerable<T> or an IList<T>. I'm not sure if NumPy arrays fit in this category. I would rather not have to call .tolist() on the NumPy array as the arrays may be quite large.

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