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• No sound out of headphone port

  - by Thanatos

  I cannot get sound out of the headphone port. Headphones are plugged in, and sound comes out of the internal speakers. Windows behaves normally (sound switches to headphones when headphones are inserted). It did work in Linux at one point, but something changed, we're just not sure what. Rebooting doesn't fix. This appears to occur whether or not PulseAudio is running. Things I've tried: Rebooting. No effect. Booting into Windows. It works properly, so probably not a hardware issue. All of alsamixer. My only controls are this: "Master" Volume bar & mutable, unmuted. Controls volume. "PCM" Volume bar only. 100%. "S/PDIF" Mutable only, currently muted, has no effect. "S/PDIF" Default PCM", Mutable only, currently unmuted, has no effect. Killing PulseAudio. No effect. (It also won't stay dead! Something appears to be restarting it, and I can't tell what, but it is annoying as fuck.) alsactl init 0, no effect. sudo rm -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state, no effect. General system info: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Toshiba Satellite T135D-S1324 lspci says I have: 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller

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• Restoring MBR, partition table, and boot sector of memory card without data loss ("USBC")

  - by Synetech

  Abstract I have a FAT32 memory card that when inserted into a computer causes Windows to prompt to format it. The card is definitely not supposed to be blank and has a bunch of files on it. Symptoms Using a hex-editor/disk-viewer, I examined the card and found that several sectors/clusters have been overwritten with something that has a signature of USBC at the start of the sector. Specifically, the master boot record (and partition table) is gone (hence Windows thinking the card is blank and needing to be formatted), as are the boot sectors (they have the USBC signature and a volume label of NO NAME and partition type of FAT32). Fortunately, it looks like both copies of the FAT are almost entirely intact (a few FAT entries at the start of a cluster here and there seem to be overwritten by USBC). The root directory is also nearly intact—I can see the volume label entry and subdirectory listings, but one sector is overwritten. (There are no more instances of USBC after the last one in the FAT2.) Hypothesis These observations seem to indicate some sort of virus that erases a few key filesystem structures, and then overwrites a few extra sectors here and there. Googling it seems to corroborate the idea of a virus, except that others report a file called USBC which does not apply here, and in fact, could not be possible since there is no filesystem to even see files. I cannot find any information about a virus with these symptoms, nor a removal tool. (I can't help but wonder if it is actually due to an autorun virus prevention tool.) Question I can likely fix the FAT corruption since they are mostly contiguous chains and maybe even the lost sector of the root directory, but does anyone know of a convenient way to restore or (re)create the MBR/partition table and boot sectors (without formatting or overwriting the data)?

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• What hardware would I need (approx) to run ESXi server?

  - by mr.b

  Hi, I am considering to purchase off-the-shelf commodity hardware in order to build server that will host virtual machines using ESXi server. Intended purpose for this server is NOT mission critical tasks. It will have to run perhaps 20-50 Windows XP/Vista/7 virtual machines (in total, but closer to 20 figure). Each guest would have to have 1-2 GB of ram, and probably two-three times more disk space than guest OS needs with clean install and all updates applied (that would be around 6-8 GB for XP, and i believe closer to 10-15 for win7). Those guests will act as a test ground for a new product that is network management software, thus guests will idle most of their time once initially loaded, but if I give them some task to complete, they should be able to perform reasonably well. Now, from what I have learned... CPU is usually not much of an issue (6 cores would do it), memory should not be lacking, but doesn't have to be sum of all guests, because of overcommitment... That leads me to IO, which is, as it seems, the bottleneck. Since I have very little experience with ESXi (and ESX, too) server, I'd like to ask: How much memory could I save by overcommitment, and how does it affect performance? Is 6-core cpu enough to run above described system? Would it be possible to run entire server off two (or even one) SSD drives (to host system virtual disks, with few additional HDDs (2-3) in RAID 0 to be used as secondary storage? I read somewhere that ESXi allows having something like "master image", essentially virtual machine that is "deployed" many times, so that disk space can be saved by having only differences stored by specific guests, instead of copying around whole virtual disks. Is this true, and how can this help me? Are there any other things I need to take into consideration when building this off-the-shelf solution? I should probably mention here that I'm fully aware of issues like SPOF regarding power supply, raid 0, etc, but since it's only a testing ground and not a production system, it's not so important for me. Thanks, B.

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• Triple-Boot + 4 partition Limit

  - by dsimcha

  I just bought a new hard drive so that I could convert my XP-only machine into an XP-Ubuntu-Windows 7 triple boot machine. Since the drive is absurdly huge (1 TB) I wouldn't mind throwing ReactOS into the mix, too. I just found out that master boot records are limited to 4 entries, meaning 4 primary partitions. I had Windows XP set up on my old drive as a boot partition, a program files partition and a media partition. Since I really didn't want to install XP from scratch, I cloned this setup on my new drive. This leaves me one MBR partition entry for installing Windows 7, Ubuntu and ReactOS. I'd like to avoid having to install XP from scratch like the plague, partly because it's supposed to be a safety net in case things go wrong with my other OS's and because I've invested a lot of time getting it set up exactly the way I like it. Here are the options I've considered and why I don't like them: Install Windows 7 on my media partition. This would work, but I prefer to keep my media partition completely separate from any OS, so that I can reformat an OS partition without affecting my media partition at all. Use wubi or something to install Ubuntu in the same partition as something else. Again, this is brittle. Move all my media to a logical drive on an extended partition. Create another logical drive on this extended partition for Ubuntu. The problem here is that extended partitions are rather brittle--if you nuke one, it renders the rest useless. Just put the old drive back in my computer and run XP off it. Use the new one for the other OS's. The problem here is that the old drive is slower and uses extra power, generates extra heat, etc. Can anyone suggest any other possibilities that I may have overlooked?

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• NGINX: How do I calculate an optimal no. of worker processes and worker connections?

  - by bodacious

  Our web app is running on a Linode 2048 server at the moment (~ 2048 GB of RAM) The MYSQL database is on another linode of it's own so this server is really only handling NGINX and and the Rails application. The application itself uses about 185976 of memory per instance (RSS). Our traffic is < 1000 per day and the pages are mostly cached so there are fewer hits to the rails app itself. My question is - how can I calculate optimal NGINX config settings for my app? Below is the current config: worker_processes 1; # pid of nginx master process pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; passenger_root /home/user/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2011.01@URTV/gems/passenger-3.0.3; passenger_ruby /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2011.01/bin/ruby; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; # gzip settings gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # load extra modules from the vhosts directory include /opt/nginx/vhosts/*.conf; } Any advice would be appreciated! :)

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• INSERT DELAYED on locked tables blocks PHP processes to continue

  - by sw0x2A

  Our webservers write some tracking information into a MySQL database (using INSERT DELAYED into MyISAM table). When a huge SELECT query is executed on this table or when it is locked for another reason, the webserver processes (with INSERT DELAYED) are waiting for the database and in some cases the MaxServer limit is reached in Apaches, so they will stop serving requests. We use INSERT DELAYED because The DELAYED option for the INSERT statement is a MySQL extension to standard SQL that is very useful if you have clients that cannot or need not wait for the INSERT to complete. This is a common situation when you use MySQL for logging and you also periodically run SELECT and UPDATE statements that take a long time to complete. Quote from MySQL documentation. I am wondering why the Apache processes are waiting for the INSERT DELAYED to finish. And what can I do to just send the data and forget about it. (Since this is logging data, I do not care if we lose some entries.) Even when the table is locked the PHP script should just go on and should not wait for an answer of MySQL. (We do not want to setup Master-slave for this table but we are thinking about move this data to some NoSQL database. But for now I would like to know why INSERT DELAYED is not working as expected.)

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• Postgresql Data Aggregation over WAN Securely

  - by Zach

  Hey guys, Need some advice on how to proceed with this situation: My current scenario is that I have several postgresql (50+) boxes deployed throughout various locations and data centers and a beefy postgresql box setup at a homebase location. All of the deployed boxes have identical database layouts. I'm looking for a solution that would allow for a few things. I realize some of these options overlap and some might only contain mutually exclusive solutions. However, I'm interested to hear your thoughts :) Remotely query the deployed boxes and pull the results back to the homebase box for processing. Nightly (remote) "sync" or dump the deployed boxes' databases to a master database on the homebase box. Remotely push a table entry to all of the deployed boxes from the homebase box. Ensure security of data in transit, and remotely deployed boxes. Up to this point I've been floating on a homebrew multithreaded python/perl system that SSH's into these boxes remotely, which are ACL'ed off to the homebase server and pulls (or pushes) the raw query results over the ssh connection. I have even touched #2 (remote syncing) as I know that would get nasty really quick. I'm interested in any ideas for a more elegant solution that can scale up and stick to my FreeBSD/Linux environment.

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• With puppet, can you have the client ask to be a certain set of roles?

  - by Aitch

  I've recently got my puppetmaster and client up and running and have had the client correctly signed, then requested and applied simple changes, all good. I have a growing number of machines (100). They are not consistently named (historical reasons). They fall into a handful of categories (think of it like: dataserver_type1, dataserver_type2, webserver_type1, webserver_type2....). New instances of these types of machines are added weekly. I don't understand (yet) or cannot see how I can declare a "generic" node of (say) "dataserver_type1" that contains whatever modules it needs, and set something in the client puppet.conf that says "I am a dataserver_type1" without using the hostname/FQDN If I set the node name in the catalog as (say) "my-data-server-type1" - the certified hostname - it picks it up and works. I know you can use patterns for hostnames but as I said, my server names are not consistent, and I can't change them. This seems disingenuous to have to edit a file and manually add a node for each server, when they continue to grow. Edit: Digging deeper, it seems roles may be what I want. But there still seems to be an element whereby the master has contain a list of roles that a specific named server should do. Perhaps what I am asking is, how can a client say "I want to be this role", without the server having to be updated?

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• DNS caching server config problem

  - by Alex

  I have a Bind DNS caching-only server setup that is working. I am bringing up a new AD domain controller that will also be a DNS server for that AD but I don't want it responding to any DNS queries except those that are AD related. So, my goal is to leave this caching server as the primary DNS server for stations on the network and have it forward requests for the AD domain to the domain controller. My understanding is that I just need a forward zone for that domain pointing to the domain controller. However it does not seem to be working. So that leaves me to think that my caching server is not forwarding properly. For example, this AD is going to have a naming convention of hostname.mydomain.local. If I do an nslookup and specify the domain controller's IP address as the server, I can query addresses that exist in DNS on that server, such as dc1.mydomain.local. However, queries to my caching server times out (I get a response from the caching server if I query mydomain.local but none of the objects in that domain). Any suggestions? Here is my named.conf file: options { directory "/var/named"; listen-on { 192.168.0.14; 127.0.0.1; }; forwarders { ; ; }; forward first; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "db.cache"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in { type master; file "db.127.0.0"; }; //forward zone for mydomain.local zone "mydomain.local" { type forward; forwarders { 192.168.1.21; }; };

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• exchange server 2010 with multiple domains

  - by air

  i have one exchange server 2010, which is working fine with one domain. my exchange is working as follows pop3 collector collect emails from one master catchall account and then deliver to exchange server, this working perfect. now what i want to add another domain to same exchange, i have added new domain as trusted domain & email policy and this new domain email account works fine with internal emails. now what i have done, i again forward new email account to same catchall account. but if i send email from any other external email address email is bounce, i can see email receive by pop3 collector but bounce by exchange server. to make you more clear let me explain logic on which i am working. i have 2 domains 1. domain1.com ([email protected]) 2. domain2.com ([email protected] -->[email protected]) now on my machine with exchange server i have pop3 collector which collect all emails from [email protected] and forward to exchange 2010 server. all emails to domain1.com is working perfect but when i send email to [email protected] this email redirect to [email protected] perfectly but when exchanger server receive this email, it bounce. i have also study the url link text and follow the whole process but no success. i also check that my DNS/MX is working fine as the bounce message is going from my exchange server. EDIT the only problem is with accepted domain, as email come to exchange server then bounce back. i just try this today i create one user called test, then i goto his properties -- email there was only one email account [email protected] i try to send email to [email protected] from internet (email bounce) then again i go to test user properties -- email and Add one email [email protected] again u try to send email to t*[email protected]* from internet (email received) i think the only problem is with accepted domain but in hub transport , it shows accepted is there any way to check does domain is properly accepted or not in exchange 2010 server. Thanks

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• Replicated filesystem and EC2 MySQL

  - by El Yobo

  I'm currently investigating migrating our infrastructure over to run on Amazon's EC2 and am trying to figure out the best way to set up a MySQL service. I'm leaning towards running our own MySQL instances, rather than going with Amazon's RDS, but am still considering the best approach for performance and cost on the instance itself. In order to have persistent data, the MySQL data needs to be on an EBS volume (with some form of striped RAID, e.g. RAID0 or RAID10) to improve persistence. However, EBS IO is limited by the network interface (gigabit, so a theoretical maximum of 128 MB/s), while the ephemeral volumes have no such problem. I did see a suggestion for running two MySQL servers on an instance, with a master running on the ephemeral disk (which we would also RAID) and a slave storing changes to an EBS volume, but this has some additional overhead and complexity (two servers). What I was imagining is using some form of replicated file system such that I could have a filesystem on top of a RAID0 of ephemeral volumes to maximise performance all changes from the above immediately replicated to another RAID1 volume backed by multiple EBS volumes to ensure no data loss The advantages of this would be best possible IO performance for the DB server; no network delay in IO decreased IO on EBS volumes (as all read IO will be done on the ephemeral volumes) so decreased cost good data security, as it's backed onto redundant EBS volumes However, I haven't seen an appropriate system to replicate all changes from one volume to the other; is there a filesystem, or any other approach, which will do this? The distributed file systems, e.g. GlusterFS, DRBD etc seem to focus on replicating disks between servers, can they be set up to do what I'm interested in here? I also haven't seen anything about other's taking this approach. Do I have a solution in need of a problem here (i.e. is performance good enough, so this whole idea is redundant)? Is there some flaw in the plan?

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• Alias for Drupal "Sites" folder with Apache on Windows Server 2008

  - by sgtbeano

  I'm having to move a number of sites from a LAMP stack to a WAMP one, provided by Zend, and I've hit a problem. Our architecture is a number of loadbalanced web servers which have their own local webapp drives which are kept in sync with one server performing as the master copy. There is then a separate DFS share provided to all web servers from our pillar san. Usually a Drupal install under our LAMP cluster would have the main Drupal web app in a local HTDOCS mount for each server and the SITES directory within Drupal would then be symlinked out to the DFS or NFS share so that there is a common FILES and TMP directory. The problem I'm having is that there seems to be no equivalent of symlinks on Win Server 2008, shortcuts have a .ink at the end making Apache see them as a distinct file. So I've tried using an alias call in the vhost file like this; <Location /drupal-626/sites> Order deny, allow Allow from all </Location> Alias /drupal-626/sites "Z:\Path to alternate sites directory" The root for this test is; http://main-domain-url/drupal-626/ Unfortunately this isn't work so I'm wondering if any of you have a solution which would work? Many thanks for taking the time to read this.

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• How to use LVM on Rackspace Cloud

  - by batrick

  Dear all, I am trying to set up a simple but effective solution to make a backup of my rackspace cloud servers. These servers each run subversion, trac, and some database-backed custom php applications. My idea is to set up a LVM and mount a volume under, say, /srv. In this volume, I keep the data from all applications. Instead of caring about how to back-up each app in a different way (svn hotcopy, trac-admin hotcopy, huge mess for mysql), I simply take an LVM snapshot and back this one up cloud files using the excellent cloudcity script (http://github.com/jspringman/cloudcity/blob/master/cloudcity). The advantage of this solution is that it is quick and easy, and LVM allows to make decent backups. As more apps are added, it should not be required to change the backup script much. The downside, and main point of my question here, is that I am not sure how to get LVM working on Rackspace cloud, because there is only one root volume and no service like Amazon's EBS. I was thinking it may be possible to create a large empty file and use this as a "physical volume". Has anybody done anything like this before? Or do you know why it can never work? It would be great to hear from you. Thanks, batrick

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• DNS redirecting to Apache

  - by leo

  I have CentOS installed on LVM, that is on Debian. There are BIND and Apache on CentOS. I need to access sites from browser on Debian with names like: 1.domain, 2.domain, etc. So I set up Apache and I can access these sites, but using /etc/hosts/ on Debian. And now I'm trying to configure bind. named.conf: zone "domain" IN { type master; file "/var/named/domain.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; 192.168.100.1 is DNS' ip; 192.168.100.139 is Apache ip; domain.zone: $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA domain. root.domain. ( 100 1H 1M 1W 1D ) @ IN NS ns1.domain. @ IN A 192.168.100.139 ns1 IN A 192.168.100.1 WWW IN A 192.168.100.139 1 IN A 192.168.100.139 2 IN A 192.168.100.139 www.1 IN A 192.168.100.139 www.2 IN A 192.168.100.139 Also, is it necessary to configure 100.168.192.in-addr.arpa? Please, explain me where I'm wrong.

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• Should the MAC Tables on a switch Stack be the same between sessions?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  According to Cisco's documentation: "The MAC address tables on all stack members are synchronized. At any given time, each stack member has the same copy of the address tables for each VLAN." However, when logged into the switch I see the following: ny-swstack01#show mac ad | inc Total Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 222 ny-swstack01#ses 2 ny-swstack01-2#show mac ad | inc Total Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 229 ny-swstack01-2#exit ny-swstack01#ses 3 ny-swstack01-3#show mac ad | inc Total Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 229 ny-swstack01-3#exit ny-swstack01#ses 4 ny-swstack01-4#show mac ad | inc Total Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 235 ny-swstack01-4#exit ny-swstack01#show mac ad | inc Total Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 222 Going back and forth this isn't just because it is changing over time either, within certain sessions there are entries that I don't seen from the master session. We are currently waiting to hear back on CIsco from this, but has anyone run into this before? I stumbled upon this when looking into Unicast flooding, one of the hosts that is a destination MAC of flooding has a MAC entry that appears in session 3, but nowhere else. Also, I checked an all sessions show the same aging time.

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• Samba access works with IP address only

  - by Sebastian Rittau

  I added a Debian etch host (hostname: webserver, IP address: 192.168.101.2) running Samba to a Windows network with a Windows 2003 PDC (IP address 192.168.101.3). The Samba server exports a public guest share, called "Intranet". The server shows up fine in the network, but trying to click on it produces an error dialog, stating I don't have the necessary permissions. So does entering \webserver manually and using \webserver\internet states that the path does not exist. Interestingly, accessing the share by IP address (\192.168.101.2 or \192.168.101.2\intranet) works fine. DNS is configured correctly, and "smbclient //webserver/intranet" on another Linux client works fine. One complicating issue is that the webserver is only a VMware virtual machine running on PDC server. Here is our smb.conf: [global] workgroup = Foobar server string = Webserver wins support = yes ; commenting out these wins server = 192.168.101.3 ; two lines has no effect dns proxy = no guest account = nobody [... snipped some unrelated bits, like logging ...] security = share [... snipped some password-related things ...] domain master = no [intranet] comment = Intranet path = /srv/webserver/contents browseable = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes read only = yes create mask = 0775 directory mask = 0775

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• Glassfish and SSL [closed]

  - by Richard

  I'm struggling to get SSL working on Glassfish 3.1.1. I've been following tutorials like http://javadude.wordpress.com/2010/04/06/getting-started-with-glassfish-v3-and-ssl/ and SO posts like this Issues with setting up SSL on Glassfish v3 The above links are for information only. I've summarised what I've done below. As far as I can tell I'm doing everything correctly but I'm getting this error: SSL configuration is invalid due to No available certificate or key corresponds to the SSL cipher suites which are enabled Some background of what I have done: My cert is from GoDaddy. I generated the CSR from a new keystore (keystore.jks), then imported the resulting certs back into the same keystore and set the keystore password to the same pwd as the GF master password. Then created a new SSL listener in GF and pointed it at my keystore file (which I copied into domains/domain1/config). Set the Nickname to the alias of my cert (which is something liem 'mydomain.org' i.e. the name that I get when I run keytool -list. In my ciphers section in the network listeners page, I leave the defaults in place (empty, which means all ciphers are available I think). In domain.xml I've replaced all instances of s1as to 'mydomain.org'. This is the question: What exactly is causing the error highlighted? I'm guessing it's a mismatch between my listener config and aliases in my keystore, or something similar, but I'm not really sure what. Thanks

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• "Synchronizing" files between local and remote server using Git

  - by ConcreteVitamin

  My intended goal: I maintain some files in my local computer, and I also share them with others by putting them on my website. In the past I did this by manually uploading all the files using FTP, every time I did some modifications etc. Now, I am wondering if I can use Git to help me achieve this (by "pushing" the local files to my website server). My server is hosted by Dreamhost. First Attempt: First, I try this tutorial. I first push my local files to my Github repo, and ssh into my Dreamhost server to clone --bare from the Github repo. But I find that git does not transfer my files. So I ignore the tutorial. Second Attempt: I ssh into my Dreamhost server to clone directly from Github. My files are all transfered to the server. Then, on my local computer, I git remote add dreamhost ssh://[email protected]/~/my-project. Then I add some files, and commit, and git push dreamhost master. And a bunch of errors appears: http://geotakucovi.com/gitError.jpg As a newbie Git user, I must have missed something. Please help!

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• please explain these mongo statistics

  - by sivann

  My setup: I have 2 hosts, and 2 shards each. Host1 has 2 shards, and is the master of the replicas host2 has the secondaries of the 2 shards. . host1: shard1 (repset1),shard2 (repset2) host2: shard1 (repset1),shard2 (repset2) There's also a 3rd host that acts as arbitrer. I have 50 threads writing randomly to both shards (using a hash) via mongos with REPLICA_SAFE WriteConcern set on each insert. The questions: mongostat displays about 90% locked for both shards in host1 and about 1% locked on host2. Since I use REPLICA_SAFE which supposedly writes to both servers shouldn't the locks be the same? mongostat reports qr=30 for both shards of host1, and qw=0 always. Since I perform only writes how is this possible? Moreover on host2 all queues are reported 0. Faults are abut the same in all shards/hosts (arround 80). netIn/netOut on the secondaries (host2) are always about 200bytes/sec. Too low. mongos has 53 connections, host1's shards have 71 and 71 and host2's shards have 9 and 8. How is this? Please answer whatever you can. Thanks!

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• query keepalived

  - by tdimmig

  *Note: I have trouble deciding what should go in serverfault and what should go in superuser, if some kindly admin decides this is in the wrong place please move it for me - many thanks. I am implementing a basic HA system with keepalived. I only want to be notified of the failover in the case of hardware failure. I do, however, have the servers switch roles periodically. I have a track_script running on the backup that will vary it's return between 0 and 1 on an interval (once a week, once a month, whatever). Upon returning 0, the priority is raised above that of the master, upon returning 1 the priority is lowered again. This way they trade places on the configured interval. The question: What can I do to tell the difference between a switch caused by my script, and a switch caused because one of the servers died? I certainly want to be notified when there is an actual problem, but not every time the servers change places because of the script. I see that version 1.2.7 has snmp support and I may be able to use it to get some information that could tell me one way or another, but to be honest I've never used snmp before and I don't know how to get the information I want with it (my Google foo failed me).

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• How should an experienced Windows SysAdmin learn Linux? [closed]

  - by Systemspoet

  I have a new hire starting in a few weeks who is an experienced Windows SysAdmin. I think he's fairly senior on the Windows side, with a pretty deep AD understanding and experience with Exchange 2007, 2010, and exchange migrations. He's done a little PowerShell but I suspect more of the "run this command to do this" variety then "write a script to do this" sort. However, we are a mixed shop and (he knows this) I expect him to become a reasonably competent Linux SysAdmin over time. I'm looking for good starting points to bring him along. I have over ten years of Linux/UNIX experience, so it all sort of seems intuitive to me, but I've been thinking about the toolkit you actually need to be productive in the Linux CLI world. Just to be able to use the machines at all, off the top of my head... vi Basic CLI stuff -- move around, rename files, copy files, tar, gzip, changing passwords, finding relevant manpages, keep track of where you are, find things in your history, etc, etc. More advanced things that I take for granted but are actually pretty hard -- doing things with 'find', extracting relevant text via 'awk' and/or 'cut', knowing when to use 'grep' and when to use 'grep -e' or 'egrep'. Distribution specific stuff... compiling software, rpm, yum, apt-get, you name it. This all seems pretty basic to me, but when I think back to 1995 when I was first learning my way, some of those things took me years to master. So my question is -- where should I send him to pick up those skills? I'm not just thinking of classes, but rather also websites and books? Where do you all suggest as a starting point for picking up Linux skills?

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• Grub Installation Failed: Fatal Error ... now what I do?

  - by eklavya

  I know there are some threads that touch this but I feel I have done something uniquely stupid. hence the post and plea for help. I am a beginner @ Linux. So I have a PC with a HDD (hard disk drive) and SSD (solid state drive) It was running Linux Mint /dev/sda1 - HDD Partition 1 - 2 TB (mounted this is /home /dev/sda2 - HDD Partition 2 - 1 TB (separate back up drive, i was backing up files to this) /dev/sdb1 - SSD Partition 1 - 100 GB (OS) /dev/sdb2 - SSD Partition 2 - 20 GB (Swap) The operating system was Linux Mint and was installed on the /dev/sdb1 i.e the solid state drive. I had partitioned off the sda into 2 TB and 1TB and presented the 2 TB as the /home to the OS. Anyway last night I decided to make a return to Ubuntu via the path of Elementary OS. Everything went fine with the install until it stated that GRUB installed failed and this was a Fatal error (no kidding I said). No I am stuck. I have definitely done something wrong and don't know what it is... My biggest pain is the files on the /dev/sda2. I want to save these before I try something drastic like wiping off the /dev/sda completely. So I have the following questions... Can I use a liveCD USB to save these files ? I can see the /dev/sda2 but was unable to access the files in the liveCD last not least ... how do I fix the main issue here. Why could the OS not install GRUB 2b... why is my SSD the /dev/sdb ... and not /dev/sda. Does that have something to do with it that my master boot record sits on the HDD /dev/sda and not /dev/sdb

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• Automatic switching of network card when vm is moved

  - by spock

  I have two hosts in a pool and I used to be able to move the vm around and they will start without any problem. But after I played around with some network setting, which I don't remember what, I started getting "This VM needs storage that cannot be seen from that server" message. As you can tell I am a beginner with Xenserver. Here is the very simple environment: 2 host servers with their own local hard disk and network card. One is a Pool master. Problem: Power off a vm and move vm from one server to another, or clone one vm to the other server. It used to be able to start up right away. Now, I need to delete one of the network that does not belong to the server, then it will start. Otherwise, the above error msg popup. The two networks (one for each network card in each host) are in the Networking tab of the vm, as well as in the host's networking tab. I googled but all I got to empty the DVD drive, which is not the problem here. Thanks in advance!

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• thought about shared storage (NFS, Lustre) [closed]

  - by user134880

  Possible Duplicate: Can you help me with my capacity planning? Now I habe small cluster with total of 8 nodes. 6 of them are computing nodes (apache and vmware) and 2 nodes are for storage. 2 storage nodes are identical. Each storage server is linux box with 8 x 1Tb WD RE4 in soft raid 10. 1st box is master and 2nd is slave. Data is mirrored with DRDB. We export NFSv4 shares to Apache (for document root) and iSCSI to Vmware. Now all is working pretty good and stable. But it will be soon time to upgrade our system. I have been thinking of Lustre. Does some one has any real experience with Lustre or NFS medium clusters? Will it be good idea just to upgrade server and change hdd's to 3Tb ? With NFS we will always have only 2 servers to maintain (one primary and one slave). Thanks. QUESTIONS: 1) Does some one used Lustre? In production? I have seen a lot of info about how it is hard to setup Lustre because you need to compile own kernel and patches. It's answers from newbies. Is there some one who has used Lustre for some period of time? 2) About disk upgrades - it's only description of strategy. I'm not asking if it is enough 3Tb or not. I just ask if it is right just to replace hdds instead of adding new server (like with Lustre) Thanks again.

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• How to keep multiple servers in sync file wise?

  - by GForceSys

  I'm currently managing a cluster of PHP-FPM servers, all of which tend to get out of sync with each other. The application that I'm using on top of the app servers (Magento) allows for admins to modify various files on the system, but now that the site is in a clustered set up modifying a file only modifies it on a single instance (on one of the app servers) of the various machines in the cluster. Is there an open-source application for Linux that may allow me to keep all of these servers in sync? I have no problem with creating a small VM instance that can listen for changes from machines to sync. In theory, the perfect application would have small clients that run on each machine to be synced, which would talk to the master server which would then decide how/what to sync from each machine. I have already examined the possibilities of running a centralized file server, but unfortunately my app servers are spread out between EC2 and physical machines, which makes this unfeasible. As there are multiple app servers (some of which are dynamically created depending on the load of the site), simply setting up a rsync cron job is not efficient as the cron job would have to be modified on each machine to send files to every other machine in the cluster, and that would just be a whole bunch of unnecessary data transfers/ssh connections.

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