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  • Python: Get items at depth? (set library?)

    - by Mark
    I have a nested list something like this: PLACES = ( ('CA', 'Canada', ( ('AB', 'Alberta'), ('BC', 'British Columbia' ( ('van', 'Vancouver'), ), ... )), ('US', 'United States', ( ('AL', 'Alabama'), ('AK', 'Alaska'), ... I need to retrieve some data out of it. If depth is 0 I need to retrieve all the countries (and their codes), if depth == 1, I need to retrieve all the states/provinces, if depth == 2 I need to retrieve all the cities... and so forth. Is there some set library for doing stuff like this? Or can someone point me in the right direction? I started coding up a solution only to realize it wouldn't work for levels deeper than 1 because you have to go in and out of each list...

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  • Python - How to find a correlation between two vectors ?

    - by psihodelia
    Given two vectors X and Y I have to find their correlation, i.e. their linear dependence/independence. Both vectors have equal dimension. A resulted answer should be a floating point number from [-1.0 .. 1.0]. Example: X=[-1, 2, 0] Y=[ 4, 2, -0.3] Find y=cor(X,Y) such that y belongs to [-1.0 .. 1.0]. It should be a simple construction involving a list-comprehension. No external library is allowed. UPDATE: ok, if dot product is enough, then here is my solution: nX = 1/(sum([x*x for x in X]) ** 0.5) nY = 1/(sum([y*y for y in Y]) ** 0.5) cor = sum([(x*nX)*(y*nY) for x,y in zip(X,Y) ]) right?

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  • How should I write this string-prefix check so that it's idiomatic Python?

    - by Kevin Stargel
    I have a couple of lists of items: specials = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', ...] smoothies = ['banana-apple', 'mocha mango', ...] I want to make a new list, special_smoothies, consisting of elements in smoothies that start with the elements in specials. However, if specials is blank, special_smoothies should be identical to smoothies. What's the most Pythonic way to do this? Is there a way to do this without a separate conditional check on whether specials is blank?

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  • TeamCity run Nunit tests in Parallel

    - by Bob Sinclar
    So I was thinking that there must be a better way to run NUnit tests for a .net project via teamcity. Currently the build of the project takes about 10 minutes , and the testing step takes 30ish minutes. I was thinking about splitting up the Nunit tests into 3 groups, assigning them each to a different agent. And then make sure they have a build dependency on the initial build before they start. This was the best way i thought of doing it, Is there a different way I should also consider? On a side note Is it possible to combine all the Nunit tests at the end to get one report from the tests being build on 3 different machines? I dont think this is possible unless someone thought of a clever hack.

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  • how to set a fixed color bar for pcolor in python matplotlib?

    - by user248237
    I am using pcolor with a custom color map to plot a matrix of values. I set my color map so that low values are white and high values are red, as shown below. All of my matrices have values between 0 and 20 (inclusive) and I'd like 20 to always be pure red and 0 to always be pure white, even if the matrix has values that don't span the entire range. For example, if my matrix only has values between 2 and 7, I don't want it to plot 2 as white and 7 as red, but rather color it as if the range is still 0 to 20. How can I do this? I tried using the "ticks=" option of colorbar but it did not work. Here is my current code (assume "my_matrix" contains the values to be plotted): cdict = {'red': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)), 'green': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), 'blue': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0))} my_cmap = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap('my_colormap', cdict, 256) colored_matrix = plt.pcolor(my_matrix, cmap=my_cmap) plt.colorbar(colored_matrix, ticks=[0, 5, 10, 15, 20]) any idea how I can fix this to get the right result? thanks very much.

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  • Can you authenticate Facebook Graph entirely from command line with Python?

    - by Sebastian
    I'm writing a (tabbed) application for Facebook that requires a background process to run on a server and, periodically, upload images to an album on this application's page. What I'm trying to do is create a script that will: a) authenticate me with the program b) upload an image to a specific album All of this entirely from the command line and completely with the new Graph API. My problem right now is trying to locate the documentation that will allow me to get a token without a pop-up window of sorts. Thoughts?

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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • Calculating probability that a string has been randomized? - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, this is correlated to a question I asked earlier (question) I have a list of manually created strings such as: lucy87 gordan_king fancy_unicorn77 joplucky_kanga90 base_belong_to_narwhals and a list of randomized strings: johnkdf pancake90kgjd fancy_jagookfk manhattanljg What gives away that the last set of strings are randomized is that sequences such as 'kjg', 'jgf', 'lkd', ... . Any clever way I could separate strings that contain these apparently randomized strings from the crowd? I guess that this plays a lot on the fact that certain characters are more likely to be placed next to others (e.g. 'co', 'ka', 'ja', ...). Any ideas on this one? Kylotan mentioned Reverend, but I am not sure if it can be used fr such purpose. Help would be much appreciated!

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  • python: a way to get an exhaustive, sorted list of keys in a nested dictionary?

    - by saidimu
    exhaustive: - all keys in the dictionary, even if the keys are in a nested dictionary that is a value to a previous-level dictionary key. sorted: - this is to ensure the keys are always returned in the same order The nesting is arbitrarily deep. A non-recursive algorithm is preferred. level1 = { 'a' : 'aaaa', 'level2_1' : {'b': 'bbbbb', 'level3': {'c': 'cccc', 'd': 'dddddd'} }, 'level2_2' : { 'z': 'zzzzzzz' } }

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  • How to access a function inside a function? Python

    - by viddhart
    I am wondering how I can access a function inside another function. I saw code like this: >>> def make_adder(x): def adder(y): return x+y return adder >>> a = make_adder(5) >>> a(10) 15 So, is there another way to call the adder function? And my second question is why in the last line I call adder not adder(...)? Good explanations are much appreciated.

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  • Possible to capture the returned value from a Python list comprehension for use a condition?

    - by Joe
    I want to construct a value in a list comprehension, but also filter on that value. For example: [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x) < 5] I want to avoid calling expensive_function twice per iteration. The generator may return an infinite series, and list comprehensions aren't lazily evaluated. So this wouldn't work: [y in [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x)] where y < 5] I could write this another way, but it feels right for a list comprehension and I'm sure this is a common usage pattern (possible or not!).

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  • How do I add a method with a decorator to a class in python?

    - by Timmy
    How do I add a method with a decorator to a class? I tried def add_decorator( cls ): @dec def update(self): pass cls.update = update usage add_decorator( MyClass ) MyClass.update() but MyClass.update does not have the decorator @dec did not apply to update I'm trying to use this with orm.reconstructor in sqlalchemy.

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  • [Python] How can I speed up unpickling large objects if I have plenty of RAM?

    - by conradlee
    It's taking me up to an hour to read a 1-gigabyte NetworkX graph data structure using cPickle (its 1-GB when stored on disk as a binary pickle file). Note that the file quickly loads into memory. In other words, if I run: import cPickle as pickle f = open("bigNetworkXGraph.pickle","rb") binary_data = f.read() # This part doesn't take long graph = pickle.loads(binary_data) # This takes ages How can I speed this last operation up? Note that I have tried pickling the data both in using both binary protocols (1 and 2), and it doesn't seem to make much difference which protocol I use. Also note that although I am using the "loads" (meaning "load string") function above, it is loading binary data, not ascii-data. I have 128gb of RAM on the system I'm using, so I'm hoping that somebody will tell me how to increase some read buffer buried in the pickle implementation.

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  • Is it possible to create a python iterator over pre-defined mutable data?

    - by Wilduck
    I might be doing this wrong, if I am, let me know, but I'm curious if the following is possible: I have a class that holds a number of dictionaries, each of which pairs names to a different set of objects of a given class. For example: items = {"ball" : ItemInstance1, "sword" : ItemInstance2} people = {"Jerry" : PersonInstance1, "Bob" : PersonInstance2, "Jill" : PersonInstance3} My class would then hold the current items and people that are availible, and these would be subject to change as the state changes: Class State: def __init__(self, items, people): self.items = items self.people = people I would like to define a iter() and next() method such that it iterates through all of the values in its attributes. My first question is whether or not this is possible. If it is, will it be able to support a situation as follows: I define items and people as above then: state = State(items, people) for names, thing in state: print name + " is " + thing.color items[cheese] = ItemInstance3 for names, thing in state: print name + " weighs " + thing.weight While I feel like this would be usefull in the code I have, I don't know if it's either possible or the right approach. Everything I've read about user defined iterators has suggested that each instance of them is one use only.

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  • C#: Parallel forms, multithreading and "applications in application"

    - by Harry
    First, what I need is - n WebBrowser-s, each in its own window doing its own job. The user should be able to see them all, or just one of them (or none), and to execute commands on each one. There is a main form, without a browser, this one contains control panel for my application. The key feautre is, each browser logs on to secured web page and it needs to stay logged in as long as possible. Well, I've done it, but I'm afraid something is wrong with my approach. The question is: Is code below valid, or rather a nasty hack which can cause problems: internal class SessionList : List<Session> { public SessionList(Server main) { MyRecords.ForEach(record => { var st = new System.Threading.Thread((data) => { var s = new Session(main, data as MyRecord); this.Add(s); Application.Run(s); Application.ExitThread(); }); st.SetApartmentState(System.Threading.ApartmentState.STA); st.Start(record); }); } // some other uninteresting methods here... } What's going on here? Session inherits from Form, so it creates a form, puts WebBrowser into it, and has methods to operate on websites. WebBrowser requires to be run in STA thread, so we provide one for each browser. The most interesting part of it is Application.Run(s). It makes the newly created forms alive and interactive. The next Application.ExitThread() is called after browser window is closed and its controls disposed. Main application stays alive to perform the rest of the cleanup job. When user select "Exit" or "Shutdown" option - first the browser threads are ended, so Application.ExitThread() is called. It all works, but everywhere I can read about "main GUI thread" - and here - I've created many GUI threads. I handle communication between main form and my new forms (sessions) with thread-safe methods using Invoke(). It all works, so is it right or is it wrong? Is everything right with using Application.Run() more than once in one application? :) An ugly hack or a normal practice? This code dies if I start a WebBrowser from the session form thread. It beats me why. It works however if I start WebBrowser (by changing its Url property) from any other thread. I'd like to know more what is really happening in such application. But most of all - I'd like to know if my idea of "applications in application" is OK. I'm not sure what exactly does Application.Run() do. Without it forms created in new threads were dead unresponsive. How is it possible I can call Application.Run() many times? It seems to do exactly what it should, but it seems a little undocumented feature to me. I'm almost sure, that the crashes are caused by WebBrowser component itself (since it's not completely "managed" and "native"). But maybe it's something else.

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  • Python Pickle: what can cause stack index out of range error?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm getting this error: File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 1374, in loads return Unpickler(file).load() File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 858, in load dispatch[key](self) File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 1075, in load_obj k = self.marker() File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 874, in marker while stack[k] is not mark: k = k-1 IndexError: list index out of range Why could this be happening?

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