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• Is there a rational reason to wait for the release date to download, install or update to the next version of Ubuntu?

  - by badp

  Today, October 6th 2010, Ubuntu 10.10 is in Feature Definition Freeze, Debian Import Freeze, Feature Freeze, User Interface Freeze, Beta Freeze, Documentation String Freeze, Final Freeze, Kernel Freeze and past the Translation Deadlines in both the non-language pack and language pack editions as the release schedule details. Basically, except for last minute bugfixes, the version of Ubuntu 10.10 you can download today is identical to the version of Ubuntu 10.10 you can download on the 10th when it gets released. If you downloaded and installed Ubuntu 10.10 today, you would: help find glaring issues for last minute fixing help defray the network load on October 10th see Ubuntu 10.10 in action without waiting Those sound like pretty strong arguments... to me, and indeed I've been using Ubuntu 10.10 for a month now roughly. However, most people prefer to make the jump with everybody else on release day. What are the rational reasons for that?

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• Netinstalling CentOS if the gateway is in a different subnet

  - by James Lawrie

  I have a KVM host (A) running a virtual machine (B). They each have their own external IP address and the networking is setup using bridging between eth0 and br0 on A. B uses eth0, with A being the gateway. The problem is that the two external IP addresses are on different subnets (different /8s in fact) so by default, B claims it cannot reach A (Network Unreachable). I can resolve this by adding a static route on B: echo "any host gateway_ip dev eth0" > /etc/sysconfig/static-routes Modifying /etc/init.d/networking to reload the gateway after applying static routes (I only added the final line before fi): if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/static-routes ]; then grep "^any" /etc/sysconfig/static-routes | while read ignore args ; do /sbin/route add -$args done route add default gw "${GATEWAY}" fi If I then restart networking, it comes online. How can I do this (or work around it some other way) prior to the system being installed, ideally inside an Anaconda kickstart file?

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• eAccelerator settings for PHP/Centos/Apache

  - by bobbyh

  I have eAccelerator installed on a server running Wordpress using PHP/Apache on CentOS. I am occassionally getting persistent "white pages", which presumably are PHP Fatal Errors (although these errors don't appear in my error_log). These "white pages" are sprinkled here and there throughout the site. They persist until I go to my eAccelerator control.php page and clear/clean/purge my caches, which suggests to me that I've configured eAccelerator improperly. Here are my current /etc/php.ini settings: memory_limit = 128M; eaccelerator.shm_size="64", where shm.size is "the amount of shared memory eAccelerator should allocate to cache PHP scripts" (see http://eaccelerator.net/wiki/Settings) eaccelerator.shm_max="0", where shm_max is "the maximum size a user can put in shared memory with functions like eaccelerator_put ... The default value is "0" which disables the limit" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0" - "When eAccelerator doesn't have enough free shared memory to cache a new script it will remove all scripts from shared memory cache that haven't been accessed in at least shm_ttl seconds. By default this value is set to "0" which means that eAccelerator won't try to remove any old scripts from shared memory." eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0" - "When eAccelerator doesn't have enough free shared memory to cache a script it tries to remove old scripts if the previous try was made more then "shm_prune_period" seconds ago. Default value is "0" which means that eAccelerator won't try to remove any old script from shared memory." eaccelerator.keys = "shm_only" - "These settings control the places eAccelerator may cache user content. ... 'shm_only' cache[s] data in shared memory" On my phpinfo page, it says: memory_limit 128M Version 0.9.5.3 and Caching Enabled true On my eAccelerator control.php page, it says 64 MB of total RAM available Memory usage 77.70% (49.73MB/ 64.00MB) 27.6 MB is used by cached scripts in the PHP opcode cache (I added up the file sizes myself) 22.1 MB is used by the cache keys, which is populated by the Wordpress object cache. My questions are: Is it true that there is only 36.4 MB of room in the eAccelerator cache for total "cache keys" (64 MB of total RAM minus whatever is taken by cached scripts, which is 27.6 MB at the moment)? What happens if my app tries to write more than 22.1 MB of cache keys to the eAccelerator memory cache? Does this cause eAccelerator to go crazy, like I've seen? If I change eaccelerator.shm_max to be equal to (say) 32 MB, would that avoid this problem? Do I also need to change shm_ttl and shm_prune_period to make eAccelerator respect the MB limit set by shm_max? Thanks! :-)

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• Mimic NTFS "Modify" Permissions on an ext3 acl enabled filesystem in linux?

  - by bobinabottle

  I am migrating our file share from Windows Server to Samba on Linux, and the only hurdle I have at the moment is the acl's. Currently we have a number of directories that use the "Modify" permission on NTFS, so users can write to a directory, but once the file is written it cannot be modified. On Linux, I had the idea that I would set an ACL for the directory to have read/write access, but have a default ACL associated with read only access. Is this possible? I'm not quite sure how to set a default ACL that differs from the parent directory. Thanks!

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• Are there well-known PowerShell coding conventions?

  - by Tahir Hassan

  Are there any well-defined conventions when programming in PowerShell? For example, in scripts which are to be maintained long-term, do we need to: Use the real cmdlet name or alias? Specify the cmdlet parameter name in full or only partially (dir -Recurse versus dir -r) When specifying string arguments for cmdlets do you enclose them in quotes (New-Object 'System.Int32' versus New-Object System.Int32 When writing functions and filters do you specify the types of parameters? Do you write cmdlets in the (official) correct case? For keywords like BEGIN...PROCESS...END do you write them in uppercase only? It seems that MSDN lack coding conventions document for PowerShell, while such document exist for example for C#.

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• Do we need use case levels or not?

  - by Gabriel Šcerbák

  I guess no one would argue for decomposing use cases, that is just wrong. However sometimes it is necessary to specify use cases, which are on lower, more technical level, like for example authetication and authorization, which give the actor value, but are further from his business needs. Cockburn argues for levels when needed and explains how to move use cases from/to different levels and how to determine the right level. On the other hand, e.g. Bittner argues against use case levels, although he uses subflows and at the end of his book mentions, that at least two levels areneeded most of the time. My questionis, do you find use case levels necessary, helpful or unwanted? What are the reasons? Am I misssing some important arguments?

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• Should programmers prefer making wide libraries or thin libraries?

  - by Telastyn

  For classes and functions, it is clear cut: each should do only one thing. For libraries though, this is less clear. If you have a library with collections, it might have multiple collections. It might have useful functions like sorting, which aren't strictly collection based but users would expect. Each of these results in a 'wider' library. On the other side is having a library for the specific collection type and/or with little built-in functionality. If you want a queue, it gives you a queue. If you want to sort that list, then the library lets you do that yourself. What is the best practice here (if any)? I can see arguments for each side.

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• Managing DroboShare SSH usernames and passwords

  - by user17067

  The default login for SSH on the droboshare is a user name of root with a password of giveit2me. With the command passwd the password can be changed. However I can't find anyway to change the default user name. Since any Unix based has a user named root this kinda bugs me as a minor security issue. Does anyone know how to change the user name for droboshare SSH logins? The SSH program being used is a variant of dropbear if that is any help.

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• Linux route add between static LAN and Wifi Gateway

  - by Hamza

  I have two local machines connected to each other via wired ethernet and one of those machines is also connected to a wifi network which provides internet access. A pseudo-graphical representation of the topology is as follows: (PC2)----------(PC1)---------(Wifi Gateway) 192.168.2.x 10.0.0.x The configuration on PC2 is: iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.2.2 network 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.1 ...and the configuration on PC1 is: iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.2.1 network 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.1 On PC1, I've added a default route for wlan0 as I couldn't access the internet otherwise: route add default gw 10.0.0.1 wlan0 And also tried setting the gateway for the 192.168.2.x network using: route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.0.0.1 But I still can't access internet from PC2. Edit I don't have access to the wifi gateway.

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• What equipment do real ISP's use?

  - by Allanrbo

  In a dormitory of 550 residents, people often mistakenly set up DHCP servers for the whole network by plugging in their private Wi-Fi routers wrongly. Also recently, someone mistakenly configured their PC to a static IP being the same as that of the default gateway. We use cheap 3Com switches at the moment. I know that Cisco switches support DHCP snooping to solve the DHCP problem, but that still does not solve the default gateway IP takeover problem. What sort of switch equipment do real ISP's use so their customers cannot break the network for the other customers?

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• Separate php.ini file for each Apache virtual host?

  - by Calvin L

  Is it possible to have a separate php.ini file that overrides the default php.ini file for each virtual host? I'm running Apache/2.2.14, PHP 5.3.2-1. For example I have several vhosts pointing to domains in my /var/www/ directory: /var/www/website1.com /var/www/website2.com What I'd like is to be able to place a custom php.ini file in each directory that would override the default values only for that vhost, but keep the original defaults if the value isn't specified: /var/www/website1.com/htdocs/ /var/www/website1.com/php.ini EDIT: I found more info on the topic here for those interested: http://serverfault.com/questions/34078/how-do-i-set-up-per-site-php-ini-files-on-a-lamp-server-using-namevirtualhosts

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• networking tunnel adapter connections?

  - by Karthik Balaguru

  I understand that Tunnel Adapter LAN is for encapsulating IPv6 packets with an IPv4 header so that they can be sent across an IPv4 network. Few queries popped up in my mind based on this :- If i do 'ipconfig', Apart from ethernet adapter LAN details, I get a series of statments as below - Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 6 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 7 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 12 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 13 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 14 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 16 Except for the *16, all the other Tunnel Adapter Local Area Connections show Media Disconnected. Why is the numbering for the Tunnel adapter LAN not sequential? It is like 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. A strange numbering scheme! I tried to figure it out by thinking of some arithmetic series. But, it does not seem to fit in. There is a huge gap between 7 and 12. Any ideas? What is the need for so many Tunnel Adapter LAN connections? Can you tell me a scenario that requires all of those ? I did ipconfig /all to get more information. From the listing, I understand that: 16, 15, 14, 12 are Microsoft 6to4 Adapters 13, 6 are isatap Adapters 7 is Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-interface I understand that the above are for automatic tunneling so that the tunnel endpoints are determined automatically by the routing infrastructure. 6to4 is recommended by RFC3056 for automatic tunneling that uses protocol 41 for encapsulation. It is typically used when an end-user wants to connect to the IPv6 Internet using their existing IPv4 connection. Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique that uses UDP encapsulation across multiple NATs. That is, It is to grant IPv6 connectivity to nodes that are located behind IPv6-unaware NAT devices ISATAP treats the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address to a link-local IPv6 address. That is to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 network. That is, to put in simple words, ISATAP is an intra-site mechanism, while the 6to4 and Teredo are for inter-site tunnelling mechanisms. It seems that Teredo should alone enabled by default in Vista, But my system does not show it to be enabled by default. Interestingly, it shows a 6to4 tunnel adapter (Tunnel adapter LAN connection 16) to be enabled by default? Any specific reasons for it? If i do ipconfig /all, why is only one Teredo present while four 6to4 are present ? I searched the internet for answers to the above queries, but I am unable to find clear answers.

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• Hebrew (utf8) characters in windows cmd console

  - by epeleg

  I previously asked this Q: utf8 hebrew on mysql console on debian (via putty on windows) And managed to get it working by starting mysql with --default-character-set=utf8 and setting putty to show utf8 as well. Now I need to do the same but on a windows server. The data is again the same but when I start mysql with --default-character-set=utf8 it I see multuple characters where I am supposed to see hebrew. I think the problem is with the set up of windows cmd console that it does not properly display utf8. any ideas ?

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• Firefox : Mozilla travaille sur une version sans onglet pour iPad et sur deux autres projets « de rupture » pour son navigateur

  Firefox : Mozilla travaille sur une version sans onglet pour iPad Et sur deux autres projets « de rupture » pour son navigateur Aussi curieux que cela puisse paraitre, Firefox ? un des navigateurs les plus populaires au monde ? n'est pas présent sur la tablette la plus populaire de la planète. Jusqu'ici, Mozilla expliquait cette absence avec plusieurs arguments... qui semblent aujourd'hui être caduques puisque la fondation annonce qu'elle travaille sur un Firefox pour iPad. Une version qui ne sera pas adaptée de celle pour pour bureau, mais bien une version entièrement ré-imaginée « from scratch ». C'est la toute nouvelle équipe « Product Design and Strategy » de Mozi...

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• Cisco login on-failure using syslog doesn't show username on failure?

  - by Jim

  interesting issue I am running into. I am trying to get syslog rmeote logging working with a Cisco switch. i have it working and logging for both on-success and on-failure. However when it is a failed login attempt it does not show the user name that tried to log in in the logs? Here is what the log looks like after a failed login: %SEC_LOGIN-4-LOGIN_FAILED: Login failed [user: ] [Source: 10.0. 0.6] [localport: 23] [Reason: Login Authentication Failed] Here is what I ahve in the sh run: login block-for 60 attempts 3 within 60 login delay 1 login on-failure log login on-success log archive log config logging enable notify syslog contenttype plaintext logging trap notifications logging facility local4 logging 10.0.0.8 aaa new-model aaa authentication login default local group tacacs+ aaa authorization config-commands aaa authorization exec default local group tacacs+

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• WICD Network Manager does'nt work in 13.10

  - by Jayakumar J

  I am currently making use of a Wired Broadband, where in the default Network Manager though shows that the Auto Ethernet is connected, I was unable to browse through any websites in the browser. I had to disconnect & connect the Auto Ethernet several times in the Network Manager or restart Ubuntu to get it fixed. But following these steps is quiet annoying as this issue happens very frequently. I browsed through the internet and got to know that WICD Network Manager fixes this issue. Earlier I have been using Ubuntu 12.04 where the same issue was fixed by making use of WCID Network Manager. Recently I upgraded to 13.10 and as I got the same network issue in default Network Manager, I have installed WICD Network Manager but when I try to open WCID, I get an alert message saying, "Could not connect to wicd's D-Bus interface. Check the wicd log for error messages." When I click on OK, I get the same message again and when I click on OK again I get the following message, "Error connecting to wicd service via D-Bus.Please ensure the wicd service is running." Any help to fix this issue is greatly appreciated as this issue was annoying me since I installed 13.10

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• Exempt programs from using active VPN connection

  - by Oxwivi

  When I connect to a VPN, all my network traffic is automatically routed through it. Is there a way to add exemptions to that? I don't know if adding exceptions has anything to do with the VPN protocol, but the VPN I'm using is of the OpenVPN protocol. Speaking of OpenVPN, why is it not installed by default on Ubuntu installs unlike PPTP? I could not get the list of IRCHighWay's servers, and this is the result I get trying to connect on XChat with running the bash script running: * Looking up irc.irchighway.net * Connecting to irc.irchighway.net (65.23.153.98) port 6667... * Connected. Now logging in... * You have been K-Lined. * *** You are not welcome on this network. * *** K-Lined for Open proxies are not allowed. (2011/02/26 01.21) * *** Your IP is 173.0.14.9 * *** For assistance, please email [email protected] and include everything shown here. * Closing Link: 0.0.0.0 (Open proxies are not allowed. (2011/02/26 01.21)) * Disconnected (Remote host closed socket). The IP 173.0.14.9 is the one due to my VPN. I had forgotten to check ip route list before running the script, and this is the one after running it: ~$ ip route list 99.192.193.241 dev ppp0 proto kernel scope link src 173.0.14.9 173.0.14.2 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth1 proto static 173.0.14.2 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth1 src 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.3 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link metric 1000 default dev ppp0 proto static Oh and running the script returned this output: ~$ sudo bash irc_route.sh Usage: inet_route [-vF] del {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M] [[dev] If] inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M] [netmask N] [mss Mss] [window W] [irtt I] [mod] [dyn] [reinstate] [[dev] If] inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [metric M] reject inet_route [-FC] flush NOT supported I ran the script after connecting to the VPN.

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• How to handle wildly varying rendering hardware / getting baseline

  - by edA-qa mort-ora-y

  I've recently started with mobile programming (cross-platform, also with desktop) and am encountering wildly differing hardware performance, in particular with OpenGL and the GPU. I know I'll basically have to adjust my rendering code but I'm uncertain of how to detect performance and what reasonable default settings are. I notice that certain shader functions are basically free in a desktop implemenation but can be unusable in a mobile device. The problem is I have no way of knowing what features will cause what performance issues on all the devices. So my first issue is that even if I allow configuring options I'm uncertain of which options I have to make configurable. I'm wondering also wheher one just writes one very configurable pipeline, or whether I should have 2 distinct options (high/low). I'm also unsure of where to set the default. If I set to the poorest performer the graphics will be so minimal that any user with a modern device would dismiss the game. If I set them even at some moderate point, the low end devices will basically become a slide-show. I was thinking perhaps that I just run some benchmarks when the user first installs and randomly guess what works, but I've not see a game do this before.

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• can ping, but not SSH

  - by Matt

  So I have NetworkManager, connected to an AP on wlan1. I have wlan0 connected to a AdHoc network. I have Firestarter sharing my inet on the Adhoc. I have my ipod connected to wlan0, IP 10.42.43.101. wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ac:xx:12:81:7f:xx inet addr:10.42.43.1 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 wlan1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:xx:b3:98:f2:xx inet addr:10.0.1.61 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Now, I can ping my Jailbroken, SSH-enabled and running ipod touch: matt: ~ $ ping 10.42.43.101 PING 10.42.43.101 (10.42.43.101) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=168 ms 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=256 ms 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=151 ms ^C --- 10.42.43.101 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 151.465/191.979/256.316/46.003 But I cannot SSH it: $ ssh [email protected] -vv OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-1ubuntu3, OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 10.42.43.101 [10.42.43.101] port 22. It just stays there till I ^C it.. Here's my routing: $ ip route show 10.0.1.0/24 dev wlan1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.1.61 metric 2 10.0.1.0/24 dev wlan1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.1.61 metric 319 169.254.0.0/16 dev vboxnet0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.128.223 metric 204 10.0.0.0/8 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 10.42.43.1 default via 10.0.1.1 dev wlan1 proto static default via 10.0.1.1 dev wlan1 metric 319

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• How to boot windows 8 in a dual boot along with windows 7? [migrated]

  - by GoldDove

  I have installed a WIndows 8 evaluation about a week ago. Usually, it asks me every time I turn on my computer whether to boot into windows 8 or windows 7. The default was windows 8 after 30 seconds. I changed that just yesterday to be default windows 7 after 5 seconds. And after I changed the setting, I went ahead and went into windows 8 and did my work. Today, when I turned on my computer, it is failing to ask me which one to boot it in. It simply boots directly into Windows 7. Is there any reason for this? Can I no longer boot into Windows 8?

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• Cannot set monitor to native resolution

  - by S B

  problem is similar to so many other users, but solutions found do not work. Background: Fresh install of 12.04 (completely updated) on a Fit-PC2 (specs). Read in several places that the new 3.X kernel that 12.04 runs on has a new psb_gfx driver which supports the gma500 graphics card (poulsbo chipset). All's pretty much working (there are some glitches which are documented, so I won't raise them here), except for the screen resolution. My native monitor resolution is 1920X1080, but all I get is 1024x768. Output running xrandr: xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default Screen 0: minimum 1024 x 768, current 1024 x 768, maximum 1024 x 768 default connected 1024x768+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 0.0* Although I read that Ubuntu does not come with an xorg.conf file anymore, I also tried running sudo X :1 -configure, and here's the end of the output: Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. When I look in the xorg.conf.new file created in my home directory, it seems that for some reason X thinks I have two screens. Don't know what to do with that. Ideas anyone? Thanks for your time.

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• Do I need to uninstall lxde before installing kde-standard?

  - by A Roy

  I have ubuntu 12.04 (upgraded from 10.04) and since I disliked the default desktop, I installed lxde (sudo apt-get install lxde). This was good except that occasionally there would be trouble with Firefox (blinking on panel) so that finally I had to close it and then a error message from Ubuntu was issued. I had asked about it before but there was no useful response so now I want to move to another desktop which will hopefully not create the problem I have now. My doubt is, should I first uninstall lxde and then install kde (sudo apt-get install kde-standard) or is it enough to install kde without uninstalling lxde? In case it is necessary to uninstall, should I use the command sudo apt-get remove lxde or is there a better command for it? You may also help me with choice of desktop. I installed lxde since this is simple and lightweight. I am assuming that kde will not be as simple but hopefully not create problem like above. But I hate if it takes too long to log in or to launch a program like Firefox etc and also there should not be icons fixed on the left part of terminal (I hate to keep icons on desktop since these are distracting). Some of these issues were present with default Ubuntu 12.04. So is my choice of kde-standard appropriate or are there better desktop alternatives?

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• Using Delegates in C# (Part 1)

  - by rajbk

  This post provides a very basic introduction of delegates in C#. Part 2 of this post can be read here. A delegate is a class that is derived from System.Delegate.  It contains a list of one or more methods called an invocation list. When a delegate instance is “invoked” with the arguments as defined in the signature of the delegate, each of the methods in the invocation list gets invoked with the arguments. The code below shows example with static and instance methods respectively: Static Methods 1: using System; 2: using System.Linq; 3: using System.Collections.Generic; 4: 5: public delegate void SayName(string name); 6: 7: public class Program 8: { 9: [STAThread] 10: static void Main(string[] args) 11: { 12: SayName englishDelegate = new SayName(SayNameInEnglish); 13: SayName frenchDelegate = new SayName(SayNameInFrench); 14: SayName combinedDelegate =(SayName)Delegate.Combine(englishDelegate, frenchDelegate); 15: 16: combinedDelegate.Invoke("Tom"); 17: Console.ReadLine(); 18: } 19: 20: static void SayNameInFrench(string name) { 21: Console.WriteLine("J'ai m'appelle " + name); 22: } 23: 24: static void SayNameInEnglish(string name) { 25: Console.WriteLine("My name is " + name); 26: } 27: } We have declared a delegate of type SayName with return type of void and taking an input parameter of name of type string. On line 12, we create a new instance of this delegate which refers to a static method - SayNameInEnglish.  SayNameInEnglish has the same return type and parameter list as the delegate declaration.  Once a delegate is instantiated, the instance will always refer to the same target. Delegates are immutable. On line 13, we create a new instance of the delegate but point to a different static method. As you may recall, a delegate instance encapsulates an invocation list. You create an invocation list by combining delegates using the Delegate.Combine method (there is an easier syntax as you will see later). When two non null delegate instances are combined, their invocation lists get combined to form a new invocation list. This is done in line 14.  On line 16, we invoke the delegate with the Invoke method and pass in the required string parameter. Since the delegate has an invocation list with two entries, each of the method in the invocation list is invoked. If an unhandled exception occurs during the invocation of one of these methods, the exception gets bubbled up to the line where the invocation was made (line 16). If a delegate is null and you try to invoke it, you will get a System.NullReferenceException. We see the following output when the method is run: My name is TomJ'ai m'apelle Tom Instance Methods The code below outputs the same results as before. The only difference here is we are creating delegates that point to a target object (an instance of Translator) and instance methods which have the same signature as the delegate type. The target object can never be null. We also use the short cut syntax += to combine the delegates instead of Delegate.Combine. 1: public delegate void SayName(string name); 2: 3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: Translator translator = new Translator(); 9: SayName combinedDelegate = new SayName(translator.SayNameInEnglish); 10: combinedDelegate += new SayName(translator.SayNameInFrench); 11:  12: combinedDelegate.Invoke("Tom"); 13: Console.ReadLine(); 14: } 15: } 16: 17: public class Translator { 18: public void SayNameInFrench(string name) { 19: Console.WriteLine("J'ai m'appelle " + name); 20: } 21: 22: public void SayNameInEnglish(string name) { 23: Console.WriteLine("My name is " + name); 24: } 25: } A delegate can be removed from a combination of delegates by using the –= operator. Removing a delegate from an empty list or removing a delegate that does not exist in a non empty list will not result in an exception. Delegates are invoked synchronously using the Invoke method. We can also invoke them asynchronously using the BeginInvoke and EndInvoke methods which are compiler generated.

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• Upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10 in a VirtualBox: Gnome desktop not working

  - by Xavier

  I had Ubuntu 13.04 running in a VirtualBox (the host is WinXP). I've upgraded it to 13.10 but I've some issues: Gnome desktop is not working correctly (I can log in but the main menu bar remains empty - I can only log out with CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE) I cannot build and install the VirtualBox Guest Addons: When trying to build it, it says: me@virtuntu:/etc/init.d$ sudo ./vboxadd setup Removing existing VirtualBox DKMS kernel modules ...done. Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules ...done. Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules The headers for the current running kernel were not found. If the following module compilation fails then this could be the reason. Building the main Guest Additions module ...done. Building the shared folder support module ...fail! (Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong) Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions ...done. In the log file, I see the following error: /tmp/vbox.0/dirops.c:292:5: error: unknown field ‘readdir’ specified in initializer .readdir = sf_dir_read, ^ /tmp/vbox.0/dirops.c:292:5: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default] /tmp/vbox.0/dirops.c:292:5: warning: (near initialization for ‘sf_dir_fops.flush’) [enabled by default] make[2]: *** [/tmp/vbox.0/dirops.o] Erreur 1 make[1]: *** [_module_/tmp/vbox.0] Erreur 2 make: *** [vboxsf] Erreur 2 Creating user for the Guest Additions. Anyone had a similar experience? Any clue to help me? Thanks a lot!

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• Apache works on http and https, SVN only on http

  - by user27880

  I asked a question about this before, and got most of it fixed. If I switch off https redirect and go to http://mydomain.com/svn/test0, I get the authentication window popping up, and I can enter my AD credentials, and bingo. Switching https redirect back on, if I go to http://mydomain.com I am automatically redirected to https, which is what I want, and the 'CerntOS test page' pops up. Perfect. The problem occurs when I want to go to one of my test repos via https. Here is my httpd.conf file, with confidential information suitably hosed... === NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName svn.mycompany.com ErrorLog logs/subversion-error_log CustomLog logs/subversion-access_log common Redirect permanent / https://svn.mycompany.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost svn.mycompany.com:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/wildcard.mycompany.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/wildcard.mycompany.com.key SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/httpd/ssl/intermediate.crt ServerName svn.mycompany.com ServerAdmin [email protected] ErrorLog logs/subversion-error_log CustomLog logs/subversion-access_log common <Location /svn> DAV svn SVNParentPath /usr/local/subversion SVNListParentPath off AuthName "Subversion Repositories" # NT Logon Details Require valid-user AuthBasicProvider file ldap AuthType Basic AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/svnpasswd AuthName "Subversion Server II" AuthLDAPURL "ldap://our-pdc:389/OU=Company Name,DC=com,DC=co,DC=uk?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=*)" AuthLDAPBindDN "DOMAIN\subversion" AuthLDAPBindPassword XXXXXXX AuthzSVNAccessFile /etc/httpd/conf/svnaccessfile </Location> </VirtualHost> === Now, in ssl_error_log, I get === ==> /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log <== [Fri Nov 01 16:07:55 2013] [error] [client XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX] File does not exist: /var/www/html/svn === This comes from the DocumentRoot directive further up the httpd.conf file, which of course points to /var/www/html. I know that this location is wrong, but how can I get SVN to serve the repo? I tried an Alias directive as so .. Alias /svn /usr/local/subversion .. but this didn't work. I tried to alter the Location directive. That didn't work either. Can someone help? I sense that this is so close to being solved ... Thanks. Edit: apachectl -S output: [root@svn conf]# apachectl -S VirtualHost configuration: 127.0.0.1:443 svn.mycompany.com (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1020) wildcard NameVirtualHosts and default servers: default:443 svn.mycompany.com (/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf:74) *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server svn.mycompany.com (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1012) port 80 namevhost svn.mycompany.com (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:1012) Syntax OK

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