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  • C: Global ,Static variables understanding

    - by pavun_cool
    Hi All, In following program . I have one doubt. I have declared one global variable . I am printing the address of the global variable in the function . It is giving me same address when I am not changing the value of global . If I did any changes in the global variables It is giving me different address why...........? Like that it is happening for static also. #include<stdio.h> int global=10 ; // Global variables void function(); main() { global=20; printf ( " %p \n" , global ) ; printf ( " Val: %d\n", global ) ; function(); new(); } void function() { global=30; printf ( " %p \n" , global ) ; printf ( " Val: %d\n", global ) ; } Thanks.

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  • struct and rand()

    - by teoz
    I have a struct with an array of 100 int (b) and a variable of type int (a) I have a function that checks if the value of "a" is in the array and i have generated the array elements and the variable with random values. but it doesn't work can someone help me fix it? #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> typedef struct { int a; int b[100]; } h; int func(h v){ int i; for (i=0;i<100;i++){ if(v.b[i]==v.a) return 1; else return 0; } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { h str; srand(time(0)); int i; for(i=0;0<100;i++){ str.b[i]=(rand() % 10) + 1; } str.a=(rand() % 10) + 1; str.a=1; printf("%d\n",func(str)); return 0; }

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  • The use of getters and setters for different programming languages [closed]

    - by leonhart88
    So I know there are a lot of questions on getters and setters in general, but I couldn't find something exactly like my question. I was wondering if people change the use of get/set depending on different languages. I started learning with C++ and was taught to use getters and setters. This is what I understand: In C++ (and Java?), a variable can either be public or private, but we cannot have a mix. For example, I can't have a read-only variable that can still be changed inside the class. It's either all public (can read and change it), or all private (can't read and can only change inside the class). Because of this (and possibly other reasons), we use getters and setters. In MATLAB, I can control the "setaccess" and "getaccess" properties of variables, so that I can make things read-only (can directly access the property, but can't overwrite it). In this case, I don't feel like I need a getter because I can just do class.property. Also, in Python it is considered "Pythonic" to not use getters/setters and to only put things into properties if needed. I don't really understand why its OK to have all public variables in Python, because that's opposite of what I learned when I started with C++. I'm just curious what other people's thoughts are on this. Would you use getters and setters for all languages? Would you only use it for C++/Java and do direct access in MATLAB and Python (which is what I am currently doing)? Is the second option considered bad? For my purposes, I am only referring to simple getters and setters (just return/set the value and do not do anything else). Thanks!

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  • How to properly handle signals when using the worker thread pattern?

    - by ipartola
    I have a simple server that looks something like this: void *run_thread(void *arg) { // Communicate via a blocking socket } int main() { // Initialization happens here... // Main event loop while (1) { new_client = accept(socket, ...); pthread_create(&thread, NULL, &run_thread, *thread_data*); pthread_detach(thread); } // Do cleanup stuff: close(socket); // Wait for existing threads to finish exit(0); ) Thus when a SIGINT or SIGTERM is received I need to break out of the main event loop to get to the clean up code. Moreover most likely the master thread is waiting on the accept() call so it's not able to check some other variable to see if it should break;. Most of the advice I found was along the lines of this: http://devcry.blogspot.com/2009/05/pthreads-and-unix-signals.html (creating a special signal handling thread to catch all the signals and do processing on those). However, it's the processing portion that I can't really wrap my head around: how can I possibly tell the main thread to return from the accept() call and check on an external variable to see if it should break;?

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  • Crosstab with multiple items

    - by Michael Wexler
    In SPSS, it is (relatively) easy to create a cross tab with multiple variables using the factors as the table heading. So, something like the following (made up data, etc.). Q1, Q2, and Q3 each have either a 1, a 2, or a 3 for each person. 1 (very Often) 2 (Rarely) 3 (Never) Q1. Likes it 12 15 13 Q2. Recommends it 22 11 10 Q3. Used it 22 12 9 In SPSS, one can even request row, column, or total percentages. I've tried table(), ftable(), xtab(), CrossTable() from gmodels, and CrossTable() from descr, and none of these can handle (afaik) multiple variables; they mostly seem to handle 1 variable crossed with another variable, and the 3rd creates layers. Is there a package with some good cross tabbing/table examples that I could use to figure this out? I'm sure I'm missing something simple, so I appreciate you pointing out what I missed. Perhaps I have to generate each row as a separate list and then make a dataframe and print the dataframe?

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  • Options for displaying OG groups a node is published for on node page?

    - by Erik Töyrä
    What I want I have several OG groups in which content can be published. I would like to display which OG groups a node has been published for when viewing the node page. Like in "This page is published for: Department A, Department B." The code snipped below shows the data I have in the $node object in node.tpl.php. This data is generated by the OG module. Extracted data from $node ... [og_groups] => Array ( [993] => 993 [2078] => 2078 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [993] => Department A [2078] => Department B ) ... I know I could loop through the og_groups_both array in node.tpl.php and generate the output from there, but it feels like a quite dirty solution. The ideal solution would be to have a $og_groups variable in node.tpl.php, similiar to how $submitted is used in node.tpl.php (see below). Example of how $submitted is used <?php if ($submitted): ?> <div class="submitted"><?php print $submitted; ?></div> <?php endif; ?> Should I use hook_load() in a custom module to insert the new variable $og_groups in $node? What options do I have and which solution would you recommend?

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  • Beginner C++ - Trouble using global constants in a header file

    - by Francisco P.
    Hello! Yet another Scrabble project question... This is a simple one. It seems I am having trouble getting my global constants recognized: My board.h: http://pastebin.com/R10HrYVT Errors returned: 1>C:\Users\Francisco\Documents\FEUP\1A2S\PROG\projecto3\projecto3\Board.h(34): error: variable "TOTAL_ROWS" is not a type name 1> vector< vector<Cell> > _matrix(TOTAL_ROWS , vector<Cell>(TOTAL_COLUMNS)); 1> 1>main.cpp 1>compilation aborted for .\Game.cpp (code 2) 1>Board.cpp 1>.\Board.h(34): error: variable "TOTAL_ROWS" is not a type name 1> vector< vector<Cell> > _matrix(TOTAL_ROWS , vector<Cell>(TOTAL_COLUMNS)); 1> ^ 1> Why does this happen? Why is the compiler expecting types? Thanks for your time!

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  • In Django, how to define a "location path" in order to display it to the users?

    - by naw
    I want to put a "location path" in my pages showing where the user is. Supposing that the user is watching one product, it could be Index > Products > ProductName where each word is also a link to other pages. I was thinking on passing to the template a variable with the path like [(_('Index'), 'index_url_name'), (_('Products'), 'products_list_url_name'), (_('ProductName'), 'product_url_name')] But then I wonder where and how would you define the hierarchy without repeating myself (DRY)? As far I know I have seen two options To define the hierarchy in the urlconf. It could be a good place since the URL hierarchy should be similar to the "location path", but I will end repeating fragments of the paths. To write a context processor that guesses the location path from the url and includes the variable in the context. But this would imply to maintain a independient hierarchy wich will need to be kept in sync with the urls everytime I modify them. Also, I'm not sure about how to handle the urls that require parameters. Do you have any tip or advice about this? Is there any canonical way to do this?

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  • using replace to produce javascript code, django

    - by durdenk
    I want to use highcharts with my django site but it requires a comlex javascript code such as below. So I wanted to get this script in my python code and replace apropriate portions then write it in my template, first question is, is this a dump way to do that for a person not knowing javascript. I can read it tough. Second question is, Why I cant replace this string. Lets say this string is a variable like this. lineChartsTemplate = """ ... ... """ if I try and do lineChartsTemplate .replace('dataCategory', dataCategory) it basically suppossed to change dataCategory text with my dataCategory variable, but no such luck. I need guidance here. thx. $(function () { var chart = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container', type: 'bar' }, xAxis: { categories: dataCategory }, yAxis: { }, legend: { layout: 'vertical', floating: true, backgroundColor: '#FFFFFF', align: 'right', verticalAlign: 'top', y: 60, x: -60 }, tooltip: { formatter: function() { return '<b>'+ this.series.name +'</b><br/>'+ this.x +': '+ this.y; } }, plotOptions: { }, series: [{ data: dataList , name : 'Satislar'}] }); });

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  • Powershell: splatting after passing hashtable by reference

    - by user1815871
    Powershell newbie ... I recently learned about splatting — very useful. I ran into a snag when I passed a hash table by reference to a function for splatting purposes. (For brevity's sake — a silly example.) Function AllMyChildren { param ( [ref]$ReferenceToHash } get-childitem @ReferenceToHash.Value # etc.etc. } $MyHash = @{ 'path' = '*' 'include' = '*.ps1' 'name' = $null } AllMyChildren ([ref]$MyHash) Result: an error ("Splatted variables cannot be used as part of a property or array expression. Assign the result of the expression to a temporary variable then splat the temporary variable instead."). Tried this afterward: $newVariable = $ReferenceToHash.Value get-childitem @NewVariable That did work and seemed right per the error message. But: is it the preferred syntax in a case like this? (An oh, look, it actually worked solution isn't always a best practice. My approach here strikes me as "Perl-minded" and perhaps in Powershell passing by value is better, though I don't yet know the syntax for it w.r.t. a hash table.)

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  • Confusion in MIPS code

    - by Haya Hallian
    While going through the MIPS code I got some confusion. Code is shown as follows .data key: .ascii "key: " # "key: \n" char: .asciiz " \n" .text .globl main main: jal getchar la $a0, char # $a0 contains address of char variable (" \n") sb $v0, ($a0) # replace " " in char with v0, which is read_character (X) la $a0, key # now a0 will contain, address of "key: " "X\n" What I dont understand is that how load address instruction works. First a0 contained address of char variable. In next line we are storing value of v0 in that location. there is no offset with ($a0), is that assumed to be 0 like in 0($a0)? Why only the " " empty space is replaced with v0, and why not the "\n" get replaced? or It may also have been the case that both the empty space and \n character get replced by v0. Secondly when we load the address of key in a0, the previous address should be overwritten. a0 should have contained the address of key only, but from comment it seems that the two strings are concatenated. How does that happen.

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  • regressions with many nested categorical covariates

    - by eric
    I have a few hundred thousand measurements where the dependent variable is a probability, and would like to use logistic regression. However, the covariates I have are all categorical, and worse, are all nested. By this I mean that if a certain measurement has "city - Phoenix" then obviously it is certain to have "state - Arizona" and "country - U.S." I have four such factors - the most granular has some 20k levels, but if need be I could do without that one, I think. I also have a few non-nested categorical covariates (only four or so, with maybe three different levels each). What I am most interested in is prediction - given a new observation in some city, I would like to know the relevant probability/dependent variable. I am not interested as much in the related inferential machinery - standard deviations, etc - at least as of now. I am hoping I can afford to be sloppy. However, I would love to have that information unless it requires methods that are more computationally expensive. Does anyone have any advice on how to attack this? I have looked into mixed effects, but am not sure it is what I am looking for.

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  • Function pointers to member functions

    - by Jacob
    There are several duplicates of this but nobody explains why I can use a member variable to store the pointer (in FOO) but when I try it with a local variable (in the commented portion of BAR), it's illegal. Could anybody explain this? #include <iostream> using namespace std; class FOO { public: int (FOO::*fptr)(int a, int b); int add_stuff(int a, int b) { return a+b; } void call_adder(int a, int b) { fptr = &FOO::add_stuff; cout<<(this->*fptr)(a,b)<<endl; } }; class BAR { public: int add_stuff(int a, int b) { return a+b; } void call_adder(int a, int b) { //int (BAR::*fptr)(int a, int b); //fptr = &BAR::add_stuff; //cout<<(*fptr)(a,b)<<endl; } }; int main() { FOO test; test.call_adder(10,20); return 0; }

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  • Function behaviour on shell(ksh) script

    - by footy
    Here are 2 different versions of a program: this Program: #!/usr/bin/ksh printmsg() { i=1 print "hello function :)"; } i=0; echo I printed `printmsg`; printmsg echo $i Output: # ksh e I printed hello function :) hello function :) 1 and Program: #!/usr/bin/ksh printmsg() { i=1 print "hello function :)"; } i=0; echo I printed `printmsg`; echo $i Output: # ksh e I printed hello function :) 0 The only difference between the above 2 programs is that printmsg is 2times in the above program while printmsg is called once in the below program. My Doubt arises here: To quote Be warned: Functions act almost just like external scripts... except that by default, all variables are SHARED between the same ksh process! If you change a variable name inside a function.... that variable's value will still be changed after you have left the function!! But we can clearly see in the 2nd program's output that the value of i remains unchanged. But we are sure that the function is called as the print statement gets the the output of the function and prints it. So why is the output different in both?

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  • Char C question about encoding signed/unsigned.

    - by drigoSkalWalker
    Hi guys. I read that C not define if a char is signed or unsigned, and in GCC page this says that it can be signed on x86 and unsigned in PowerPPC and ARM. Okey, I'm writing a program with GLIB that define char as gchar (not more than it, only a way for standardization). My question is, what about UTF-8? It use more than an block of memory? Say that I have a variable unsigned char *string = "My string with UTF8 enconding ~ çã"; See, if I declare my variable as unsigned I will have only 127 values (so my program will to store more blocks of mem) or the UTF-8 change to negative too? Sorry if I can't explain it correctly, but I think that i is a bit complex. NOTE: Thanks for all answer I don't understand how it is interpreted normally. I think that like ascii, if I have a signed and unsigned char on my program, the strings have diferently values, and it leads to confuse, imagine it in utf8 so.

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  • XSLT special characters

    - by Apurv
    In the following XSL transformation how do I output the '<' and '' symbol? Input XML: <TestResult bugnumber="3214" testname="display.methods::close->test_ManyInvoke" errortype="Failure"><ErrorMessage><![CDATA[calling close() method failed - expected:<2>]]></ErrorMessage> XSLT: <xsl:template match="TestResult"> <xsl:variable name="errorMessage"> <xsl:value-of select="ErrorMessage" disable-output-escaping="yes"/> </xsl:variable> <Test name='{@testname}'> <TestResult> <Passed>false</Passed> <State>failure</State> <Metadata> <Entry name='bugnumber' value='{@bugnumber}' /> </Metadata> <TestOutput> <Metadata> <Entry name='ErrorMessage' value='{$errorMessage}' /> </Metadata> </TestOutput> </TestResult> </Test> </xsl:template> Output XML: <Test name="display.methods::close-&gttest_ManyInvoke"> <TestResult> <Passed>false</Passed> <State>failure</State> <Metadata> <Entry name="bugnumber" value="3214"/> </Metadata> <TestOutput> <Metadata> <Entry name="ErrorMessage" value="calling close() method failed - expected:&lt;2&gt;"/> </Metadata> </TestOutput> </TestResult> </Test>

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  • Defining default value in combobox in CakePHP

    - by Keyur
    <?php echo $form->create('admin_merchant_form', array('action' => '#')); echo $form->input('company_name', array('label' => 'Company Name')); echo $form->input('ac_owner', array('label' => 'Account Owner', 'options' => array('a','b','b'), 'default' => $merchant_select)); echo $form->end('Update'); ?> This is CakePHP code to generate a form with one combobox containing the values "a,b,c" and assigning the default value as $merchant_select which is numerical data. Now the problem is when I assign like 'default'=1 it returns 'b' in the combobox as default value but when writing 'default' = $merchant_select the combobox shows only the first value which is 'a'. The $merchant_select variable is assigned a numeric value equal to merchant's id which 1,2 or 3 when I select any row in the grid. And I also have JavaScript code which alerts with the merchant value when I select any row in the grid so the numeric data is definitely assigned to the $merchant_select variable.

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  • Basic question in XSL regarding preceding text

    - by Rachel
    I am new to XSL and i have a basic question on the context of using preceding text. My template match is on the text node. I am iterating over an xml file and within my for loop i am trying to take the preceding text of the text node. Unfortunately preceding::text() is not working if i use it within a for loop. I want to use it within the for loop but how can do it? <xsl:template match="text()"> <xsl:variable name="this" as="text()" select="."/> <xsl:for-each select="$input[@id = generate-id(current())]"> <xsl:variable name="preText" as="xsd:integer" select="sum(preceding::text()[. >> //*[@id=@name]]/string-length(.))"/> ... ... </xsl:for-each> </xsl:template>

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  • C++, array declaration, templates, linker error

    - by justik
    There is a linker error in my SW. I am using the following structure based on h, hpp, cpp files. Some classes are templatized, some not, some have function templates. Declaration: test.h #ifndef TEST_H #define TEST_H class Test { public: template <typename T> void foo1(); void foo2 () }; #include "test.hpp" #endif Definition: test.hpp #ifndef TEST_HPP #define TEST_HPP template <typename T> void Test::foo1() {} inline void Test::foo2() {} //or in cpp file #endif CPP file: test.cpp #include "test.h" void Test::foo2() {} //or in hpp file as inline I have the following problem. The variable vars[] is declared in my h file test.h #ifndef TEST_H #define TEST_H char *vars[] = { "first", "second"...}; class Test { public: void foo(); }; #include "test.hpp" #endif and used as a local variable inside foo() method defined in hpp file as inline. test.hpp #ifndef TEST_HPP #define TEST_HPP inline void Test::foo() { char *var = vars[0]; //A Linker Error } #endif However, the following linker error occurs: Error 745 error LNK2005: "char * * vars" (?vars@@3PAPADA) already defined in test2.obj How and where to declare vars[] to avoid linker errors? After including #include "test.hpp" it is late to declare it...

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  • Efficient way to get highly correlated pairs from large data set in Python or R

    - by Akavall
    I have a large data set (Let's say 10,000 variables with about 1000 elements each), we can think of it as 2D list, something like: [[variable_1], [variable_2], ............ [variable_n] ] I want to extract highly correlated variable pairs from that data. I want "highly correlated" to be a parameter that I can choose. I don't need all pairs to be extracted, and I don't necessarily want the most correlated pairs. As long as there is an efficient method that gets me highly correlated pairs I am happy. Also, it would be nice if a variable does not show up in more than one pair. Although this might not be crucial. Of course, there is a brute force way to finding such pairs, but it is too slow for me. I've googled around for a bit and found some theoretical work on this issue, but I wasn't able for find a package that could do what I am looking for. I mostly work in python, so a package in python would be most helpful, but if there exists a package in R that does what I am looking for it will be great. Does anyone know of a package that does the above in Python or R? Or any other ideas? Thank You in Advance

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  • Various way to stop a thread - which is the correct way

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I had came across different suggestion of stopping a thread. May I know, which is the correct way? Or it depends? Using Thread Variable http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/guide/misc/threadPrimitiveDeprecation.html private volatile Thread blinker; public void stop() { blinker = null; } public void run() { Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); while (blinker == thisThread) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } } Using boolean flag private volatile boolean flag; public void stop() { flag = false; } public void run() { while (flag) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } } Using Thread Variable together with interrupt private volatile Thread blinker; public void stop() { blinker.interrupt(); blinker = null; } public void run() { Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); while (!thisThread.isInterrupted() && blinker == thisThread) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } }

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  • How do I stop a page from unloading (navigating away) in JS?

    - by Natalie Downe
    Does anyone know how to stop a page from reloading or navigating away? jQuery(function($) { /* global on unload notification */ warning = true; if(warning) { $(window).bind("unload", function() { if (confirm("Do you want to leave this page") == true) { //they pressed OK alert('ok'); } else { // they pressed Cancel alert('cancel'); return false; } }); } }); I am working on an e-commerce site at the moment, the page that displays your future orders has the ability to alter the quantities of items ordered using +/- buttons. Changing the quantities this way this doesn't actually change the order itself, they have to press confirm and therefore committing a positive action to change the order. However if they have changed the quantities and navigate away from the page I would like to warn them they are doing so in case this is an accident, as the changed quantities will be lost if they navigate away or refresh the page. In the code above I am using a global variable which will be false by default (its only true for testing), when a quantity is changed I will update this variable to be true, and when they confirm the changes I will set it to false. If warning is true and the page is unloaded, I offer them a confirmation box, if they say no they would like to stay on this page I need to stop it from unloading. return false isn't working, it still lets the user navigate away (the alerts are there for debugging only) Any ideas?

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  • How to access the members of this data in PHP?

    - by George Edison
    Okay. Now I give up. I have been playing with this for hours. I have a variable name $data. The variable contains these contents: (extracted by using var_export()) array ( 'headers' => array ( 'content-type' => 'multipart/alternative; boundary="_689e1a7d-7a0a-442a-bd6c-a1fb1dc2993e_"', ), 'ctype_parameters' => array ( 'boundary' => '_689e1a7d-7a0a-442a-bd6c-a1fb1dc2993e_', ), 'parts' => array ( 0 => stdClass::__set_state(array( 'headers' => array ( 'content-type' => 'text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"', 'content-transfer-encoding' => 'quoted-printable', ), 'ctype_primary' => 'text', )), ), ) I removed some non-essential data. I want to access the headers value (on the second line above) - simple: $data->headers I want to access the headers value (on the fourteenth line after the stdClass:: stuff) - how? How can I possibly access the values within the stdClass::__set_state section? I tried var_export($data->parts); but all I get is NULL

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  • using yield in C# like I would in Ruby

    - by Sarah Vessels
    Besides just using yield for iterators in Ruby, I also use it to pass control briefly back to the caller before resuming control in the called method. What I want to do in C# is similar. In a test class, I want to get a connection instance, create another variable instance that uses that connection, then pass the variable to the calling method so it can be fiddled with. I then want control to return to the called method so that the connection can be disposed. I guess I'm wanting a block/closure like in Ruby. Here's the general idea: private static MyThing getThing() { using (var connection = new Connection()) { yield return new MyThing(connection); } } [TestMethod] public void MyTest1() { // call getThing(), use yielded MyThing, control returns to getThing() // for disposal } [TestMethod] public void MyTest2() { // call getThing(), use yielded MyThing, control returns to getThing() // for disposal } ... This doesn't work in C#; ReSharper tells me that the body of getThing cannot be an iterator block because MyThing is not an iterator interface type. That's definitely true, but I don't want to iterate through some list. I'm guessing I shouldn't use yield if I'm not working with iterators. Any idea how I can achieve this block/closure thing in C# so I don't have to wrap my code in MyTest1, MyTest2, ... with the code in getThing()'s body?

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  • How to fetch particular element from string after splitting it, using XSLT split() ?

    - by Vijay
    Hi All, I have one query regarding XSLT functions. I am using split function to fetch values from a string. I am using separator as "*". e.g. String : {"item1*item2*item3*item4"} split function I am using is as; <xsl:template name="SplitItemsCollection"> <xsl:param name="list" select="''"/> <xsl:param name="separator" select="'*'"/> <xsl:if test="not($list = '' or $separator = '')"> <xsl:variable name="head" select="substring-before(concat($list, $separator), $separator)"/> <xsl:variable name="tail" select="substring-after($list, $separator)"/> <xsl:value-of select="$head"/> <xsl:call-template name="split"> <xsl:with-param name="list" select="$tail"/> <xsl:with-param name="separator" select="$separator"/> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:if> </xsl:template> This function returns me all the items. Is there any way to fetch particular item from these separated items ? Say I want to fetch item3. Can we do it directly ? Thanks in advance.

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