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  • python: a way to get an exhaustive, sorted list of keys in a nested dictionary?

    - by saidimu
    exhaustive: - all keys in the dictionary, even if the keys are in a nested dictionary that is a value to a previous-level dictionary key. sorted: - this is to ensure the keys are always returned in the same order The nesting is arbitrarily deep. A non-recursive algorithm is preferred. level1 = { 'a' : 'aaaa', 'level2_1' : {'b': 'bbbbb', 'level3': {'c': 'cccc', 'd': 'dddddd'} }, 'level2_2' : { 'z': 'zzzzzzz' } }

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  • Infinite loop when adding a row to a list in a class in python3

    - by Margaret
    I have a script which contains two classes. (I'm obviously deleting a lot of stuff that I don't believe is relevant to the error I'm dealing with.) The eventual task is to create a decision tree, as I mentioned in this question. Unfortunately, I'm getting an infinite loop, and I'm having difficulty identifying why. I've identified the line of code that's going haywire, but I would have thought the iterator and the list I'm adding to would be different objects. Is there some side effect of list's .append functionality that I'm not aware of? Or am I making some other blindingly obvious mistake? class Dataset: individuals = [] #Becomes a list of dictionaries, in which each dictionary is a row from the CSV with the headers as keys def field_set(self): #Returns a list of the fields in individuals[] that can be used to split the data (i.e. have more than one value amongst the individuals def classified(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals have the same value for predicted_value def fields_exhausted(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals are identical except for predicted_value def lowest_entropy_value(self, predicted_value): #Returns the field that will reduce <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29">entropy</a> the most def __init__(self, individuals=[]): and class Node: ds = Dataset() #The data that is associated with this Node links = [] #List of Nodes, the offspring Nodes of this node level = 0 #Tree depth of this Node split_value = '' #Field used to split out this Node from the parent node node_value = '' #Value used to split out this Node from the parent Node def split_dataset(self, split_value): fields = [] #List of options for split_value amongst the individuals datasets = {} #Dictionary of Datasets, each one with a value from fields[] as its key for field in self.ds.field_set()[split_value]: #Populates the keys of fields[] fields.append(field) datasets[field] = Dataset() for i in self.ds.individuals: #Adds individuals to the datasets.dataset that matches their result for split_value datasets[i[split_value]].individuals.append(i) #<---Causes an infinite loop on the second hit for field in fields: #Creates subnodes from each of the datasets.Dataset options self.add_subnode(datasets[field],split_value,field) def add_subnode(self, dataset, split_value='', node_value=''): def __init__(self, level, dataset=Dataset()): My initialisation code is currently: if __name__ == '__main__': filename = (sys.argv[1]) #Takes in a CSV file predicted_value = "# class" #Identifies the field from the CSV file that should be predicted base_dataset = parse_csv(filename) #Turns the CSV file into a list of lists parsed_dataset = individual_list(base_dataset) #Turns the list of lists into a list of dictionaries root = Node(0, Dataset(parsed_dataset)) #Creates a root node, passing it the full dataset root.split_dataset(root.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Performs the first split, creating multiple subnodes n = root.links[0] n.split_dataset(n.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Attempts to split the first subnode.

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  • How bad is it to use a virtual file system with VMWare? [closed]

    - by user30997
    IT is running a series of VMs that we'd like to see optimized further: if the VMs' are Windows XP, storing their NTFS images out to the virtual disk (ext3) provided by Linux/VMWare, how much of a hit are we taking - as opposed to having a partition of the host hard drive formatted NTFS to eliminate the translation layer and the extra level of operating system IO preparation?

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  • How can I demonstrate the benefits of abstractions to an old-time C programmer?

    - by Zaban Khuli
    Hi, there's this senior developer in my company that programs in C. I happen to be from functional background (ML, to be specific). This senior C programmer refuses to use abstractions because "abstraction is for lame programmers and _real_ programmers do not need it." I can not seem to convince him otherwise Is it a problem with only this programmer or do all C (and other lower level language) programmers have this opinion that abstraction is for lame programmers?

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  • Class type while deserialization in c++

    - by Rushi
    I am developing game editor in c++.I have implemented reflection mechanism using DiaSDK.Now I want to store state of the objects(Like Camera,Lights,Static mesh) in some level file via serialization. And later on able to retrieve their state via deserialization.Serializing objects is not a problem for me.But while deserializing objects how do I know class type?so that i can create object of that particular type.

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  • Is it possible to pickle python "units" units?

    - by Ajaxamander
    I'm using the Python "units" package (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/units/) and I've run into some trouble when trying to pickle them. I've tried to boil it down to the simplest possible to case to try and figure out what's going on. Here's my simple test: from units import unit, named_unit from units.predefined import define_units from units.compatibility import compatible from units.registry import REGISTRY a = unit('m') a_p = pickle.dumps(a) a_up = pickle.loads(a_p) logging.info(repr(unit('m'))) logging.info(repr(a)) logging.info(repr(a_up)) logging.info(a.is_si()) logging.info(a_up.is_si()) logging.info( compatible(a,a_up) ) logging.info(a(10) + a_up(10)) The output I'm seeing when I run this is: LeafUnit('m', True) LeafUnit('m', True) LeafUnit('m', True) True True False IncompatibleUnitsError I'd understand if pickling units broke them, if it weren't for the fact that repr() is returning identical results for them. What am I missing? This is using v0.04 of the units package, and Google App Engine 1.4 SDK 1

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  • The procedure entry point_except_handler4_common could not be located in the dynamic link library msvcrt.dll

    - by Psilokan
    As I had feared some of our old VB6 projects are not playing nice with Windows 7. Some of our customers have already upgraded and our one product is returning this error every time you run the executable: The procedure entry point_except_handler4_common could not be located in the dynamic link library msvcrt.dll First thing I tried was creating a .local in the folder so it uses all the DLL and OCX files packaged with the product. That didn't do anything, though I'm not sure if this .local trick still works in Win7. Tried turning on compatibility for several previous versions of Windows, that had no effect either. Hopefully someone else has some more suggestions, as my Google-Fu has failed me on this one.

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  • Pop to top of Navigation View Controller

    - by Alavoil
    I am trying to set up a Navigation View where a user can enter in settings. Once a setting is finalized in the 3rd level (after a button press outside of the navigation bar), I would like to have the Navigation View popped back to the root. How can I do this?

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  • Automated download of website content using ASP.net

    - by Yaaqov
    Using ASP.net, what methods can I use to do the following: Open up a connection to a given URL to read HTML content Parse the given URL for hyperlinks, and place them in an array Loop through each hyperlink (only 1 level down), opening each one, saving the HTML contents in a table, and move to the next hyperlink until done. If ASP.net is not up to the task, other languages or free scripts/toolkits would be acceptable. Thanks.

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  • T4 Controller Template to trigger View Generation

    - by DrydenMaker
    I have been using some customized MVC templates that really improve my productivity. However, I would like to take it to the next level. I generate a controller template for each table in my app. The controller has Edit, List, Details, and Delete actions. What I would like to do, is at the same time trigger the generation of the views for those actions. Does anyone have a reference or have suggestions on how this can be done?

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  • writing an Dynamic query in sqlserver

    - by prince23
    hi, DECLARE @sqlCommand varchar(1000) DECLARE @columnList varchar(75) DECLARE @city varchar(75) DECLARE @region varchar(75) SET @columnList = 'first_name, last_name, city' SET @city = '''London''' SET @region = '''South''' SET @sqlCommand = 'SELECT ' + @columnList + ' FROM dbo.employee WHERE City = ' + @city and 'region = '+@region --and 'region = '+@region print(@sqlCommand) EXEC (@sqlCommand) when i run this command i get an error Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 8 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'and'. and help would great thank you

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  • Create a nested list

    - by sico87
    How would I create a nested list, I currently have this public function getNav($cat,$subcat){ //gets all sub categories for a specific category if(!$this->checkValue($cat)) return false; //checks data $query = false; if($cat=='NULL'){ $sql = "SELECT itemID, title, parent, url, description, image FROM p_cat WHERE deleted = 0 AND parent is NULL ORDER BY position;"; $query = $this->db->query($sql) or die($this->db->error); }else{ //die($cat); $sql = "SET @parent = (SELECT c.itemID FROM p_cat c WHERE url = '".$this->sql($cat)."' AND deleted = 0); SELECT c1.itemID, c1.title, c1.parent, c1.url, c1.description, c1.image, (SELECT c2.url FROM p_cat c2 WHERE c2.itemID = c1.parent LIMIT 1) as parentUrl FROM p_cat c1 WHERE c1.deleted = 0 AND c1.parent = @parent ORDER BY c1.position;"; $query = $this->db->multi_query($sql) or die($this->db->error); $this->db->store_result(); $this->db->next_result(); $query = $this->db->store_result(); } return $query; } public function getNav($cat=false, $subcat=false){ //gets a list of all categories form this level, if $cat is false it returns top level nav if($cat==false || strtolower($cat)=='all-products') $cat='NULL'; $ds = $this->data->getNav($cat, $subcat); $nav = $ds ? $ds : false; $html = ''; //create html if($nav){ $html = '<ul>'; //var_dump($nav->fetch_assoc()); while($row = $nav->fetch_assoc()){ $url = isset($row['parentUrl']) ? $row['parentUrl'].'/'.$row['url'] : $row['url']; $current = $subcat==$row['url'] ? ' class="current"' : ''; $html .= '<li'.$current.'><a href="/'.$url.'/">'.$row['title'].'</a></li>'; } $html .='</ul>'; } return $html; } The sql returns parents and children, for each parent I need the child to nest in a list.

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  • Implementing a logging library in .NET with a database as the storage medium

    - by Dave
    I'm just starting to work on a logging library that everyone can use to keep track of any sort of system information while the user is running our application. The simplest example so far is to track Info, Warnings, and Errors. I want all plugins to be able to use this feature, but since each developer might have a different idea of what's important to report, I want to keep this as generic as possible. In the C++ world, I would normally use something like a stl::pair<string,string> to act as a key value pair structure, and have a stl::list of these to act as a "row" in the log. The log cache would then be a list<list<pair<string,string>>> (ugh!). This way, the developers can use a const string key like INFO, WARNING, ERROR to have a consistent naming for a column in the database (for SELECTing specific types of information). I'd like the database to be able to deal with any number of distinct column names. For example, John might have an INFO row with a column called USER, and Bill might have an INFO row with a column called FILENAME. I want the log viewer to be able to display all information, and if one report doesn't have a value for INFO / FILENAME, those fields should just appear blank. So one option is to use List<List<KeyValuePair<String,String>>, and the another is to have the log library consumer somehow "register" its schema, and then have the database do an ALTER TABLE to handle this situation. Yet another idea is to have a table that's just for key value pairs, with a foreign key that maps the key value pairs back to the original log entry. I obviously don't want logging to bog down the system, so I only lock the log cache to make a copy of the data (and remove the already-copied data), then a background thread will dump the information to the database. My specific questions regarding this are: Do you see any performance issues? In other words, have you ever tried something like this and found that certain things just don't work well in practice? Is there a more .NETish way to implement the key value pairs, other than List<List<KeyValuePair<String,String>>>? Even if there is a way to do #2 better, is the ALTER TABLE idea I proposed above a Bad Thing? Would you recommend multiple databases over a single one? I don't yet have an idea of how frequently the log would get written to, but we ideally would like to have lots of low level information. Perhaps there should be a DB with a fixed schema only for the low level stuff, and then another DB that's more flexible for reporting information back to users.

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  • How to invalidate / refresh a domain instance association?

    - by Kimble
    There is a bug in Grails preventing me from using removeFrom* when the node I'm trying to remove is extending the collection type. Removing the node directly from the association won't update the second level cache. A hasMany B Is there any way to manually invalidate or force a reload on an association cache? Invoking refresh() on the many side didn't do the trick.

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  • Core Data: fetch an NSManagedObject by its properties

    - by niklassaers
    Hi guys, I have an object NetworkMember that has no attributes but is defined by its relationships Person, Network, Level and Role. In my app, I've found all the four relationships, but I want to make sure not to double-register my NetworkMember, thus I'd like to search for this NSManagedObject before instantiating it. How should I write a query that queries for an NSManagedObject just consisting of relationships? Cheers Nik

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  • Using jQuery to disable CSS inheritance

    - by Buzzedword
    Is there a way to use jQuery (or generic javascript) to disable CSS inheritance on a block level? For example, if I am pulling in an external resource via javascript, say pastie.org, they will have their own CSS that my CSS overrides. I would like to place the embed code into its own container that has CSS inheritance disabled. This is not my own CSS structure, so I can't rename IDs Classes or inline anything to make it work, the holy grail of inheritance blocking is my last resort.

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  • Scalability of Ruby on Rails versus PHP

    - by Daniel
    Can anyone comment on which is more scalable between RoR and PHP? I have heard that RoR is less scalable than PHP since RoR has a little more overhead with its MVC framework while PHP is more low level and lighter. This is a bit vague - can anyone explain better?

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  • transparency in windows forms C#

    - by user257412
    if the transparentkey property is used to make the top level form transparent,it works , but it also makes the main form click-throughable. I want the opposite of this, that the form becomes transparent, but is still able to recieve clicks. can this be done ?

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  • Unable to view GWT 2.0.1 application in IE8.

    - by shyam.m
    Hi, I'm creating an application using GWT 2.0.1; it complies 6 computations and runs well in all browsers except IE8, it shows a blank page( but can be viewed in IE8 compatibility mode) . When I add the line in my gwt.xml <set-property name="user.agent" value="ie8" / > it compiles just 1 permutation and the application displays fine in IE8. However if I add the line lt;set-property name="user.agent" value="ie8,gecko,gecko1_8,safari,opera" /gt; it compiles all permutations, but the application still cannot be viewed in IE8 but runs properly in all other browsers. Is there any other method to ensure my application will run in all browsers ?

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