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  • Set a script to automatically detect character encoding in a plain-text-file in Python?

    - by Haidon
    I've set up a script that basically does a large-scale find-and-replace on a plain text document. At the moment it works fine with ASCII, UTF-8, and UTF-16 (and possibly others, but I've only tested these three) encoded documents so long as the encoding is specified inside the script (the example code below specifies UTF-16). Is there a way to make the script automatically detect which of these character encodings is being used in the input file and automatically set the character encoding of the output file the same as the encoding used on the input file? findreplace = [ ('term1', 'term2'), ] inF = open(infile,'rb') s=unicode(inF.read(),'utf-16') inF.close() for couple in findreplace: outtext=s.replace(couple[0],couple[1]) s=outtext outF = open(outFile,'wb') outF.write(outtext.encode('utf-16')) outF.close() Thanks!

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  • Python: Get items at depth? (set library?)

    - by Mark
    I have a nested list something like this: PLACES = ( ('CA', 'Canada', ( ('AB', 'Alberta'), ('BC', 'British Columbia' ( ('van', 'Vancouver'), ), ... )), ('US', 'United States', ( ('AL', 'Alabama'), ('AK', 'Alaska'), ... I need to retrieve some data out of it. If depth is 0 I need to retrieve all the countries (and their codes), if depth == 1, I need to retrieve all the states/provinces, if depth == 2 I need to retrieve all the cities... and so forth. Is there some set library for doing stuff like this? Or can someone point me in the right direction? I started coding up a solution only to realize it wouldn't work for levels deeper than 1 because you have to go in and out of each list...

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  • Python - How to find a correlation between two vectors ?

    - by psihodelia
    Given two vectors X and Y I have to find their correlation, i.e. their linear dependence/independence. Both vectors have equal dimension. A resulted answer should be a floating point number from [-1.0 .. 1.0]. Example: X=[-1, 2, 0] Y=[ 4, 2, -0.3] Find y=cor(X,Y) such that y belongs to [-1.0 .. 1.0]. It should be a simple construction involving a list-comprehension. No external library is allowed. UPDATE: ok, if dot product is enough, then here is my solution: nX = 1/(sum([x*x for x in X]) ** 0.5) nY = 1/(sum([y*y for y in Y]) ** 0.5) cor = sum([(x*nX)*(y*nY) for x,y in zip(X,Y) ]) right?

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  • How should I write this string-prefix check so that it's idiomatic Python?

    - by Kevin Stargel
    I have a couple of lists of items: specials = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', ...] smoothies = ['banana-apple', 'mocha mango', ...] I want to make a new list, special_smoothies, consisting of elements in smoothies that start with the elements in specials. However, if specials is blank, special_smoothies should be identical to smoothies. What's the most Pythonic way to do this? Is there a way to do this without a separate conditional check on whether specials is blank?

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  • how to set a fixed color bar for pcolor in python matplotlib?

    - by user248237
    I am using pcolor with a custom color map to plot a matrix of values. I set my color map so that low values are white and high values are red, as shown below. All of my matrices have values between 0 and 20 (inclusive) and I'd like 20 to always be pure red and 0 to always be pure white, even if the matrix has values that don't span the entire range. For example, if my matrix only has values between 2 and 7, I don't want it to plot 2 as white and 7 as red, but rather color it as if the range is still 0 to 20. How can I do this? I tried using the "ticks=" option of colorbar but it did not work. Here is my current code (assume "my_matrix" contains the values to be plotted): cdict = {'red': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)), 'green': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), 'blue': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0))} my_cmap = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap('my_colormap', cdict, 256) colored_matrix = plt.pcolor(my_matrix, cmap=my_cmap) plt.colorbar(colored_matrix, ticks=[0, 5, 10, 15, 20]) any idea how I can fix this to get the right result? thanks very much.

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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • Can you authenticate Facebook Graph entirely from command line with Python?

    - by Sebastian
    I'm writing a (tabbed) application for Facebook that requires a background process to run on a server and, periodically, upload images to an album on this application's page. What I'm trying to do is create a script that will: a) authenticate me with the program b) upload an image to a specific album All of this entirely from the command line and completely with the new Graph API. My problem right now is trying to locate the documentation that will allow me to get a token without a pop-up window of sorts. Thoughts?

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  • python: a way to get an exhaustive, sorted list of keys in a nested dictionary?

    - by saidimu
    exhaustive: - all keys in the dictionary, even if the keys are in a nested dictionary that is a value to a previous-level dictionary key. sorted: - this is to ensure the keys are always returned in the same order The nesting is arbitrarily deep. A non-recursive algorithm is preferred. level1 = { 'a' : 'aaaa', 'level2_1' : {'b': 'bbbbb', 'level3': {'c': 'cccc', 'd': 'dddddd'} }, 'level2_2' : { 'z': 'zzzzzzz' } }

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  • Calculating probability that a string has been randomized? - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, this is correlated to a question I asked earlier (question) I have a list of manually created strings such as: lucy87 gordan_king fancy_unicorn77 joplucky_kanga90 base_belong_to_narwhals and a list of randomized strings: johnkdf pancake90kgjd fancy_jagookfk manhattanljg What gives away that the last set of strings are randomized is that sequences such as 'kjg', 'jgf', 'lkd', ... . Any clever way I could separate strings that contain these apparently randomized strings from the crowd? I guess that this plays a lot on the fact that certain characters are more likely to be placed next to others (e.g. 'co', 'ka', 'ja', ...). Any ideas on this one? Kylotan mentioned Reverend, but I am not sure if it can be used fr such purpose. Help would be much appreciated!

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  • How do I add a method with a decorator to a class in python?

    - by Timmy
    How do I add a method with a decorator to a class? I tried def add_decorator( cls ): @dec def update(self): pass cls.update = update usage add_decorator( MyClass ) MyClass.update() but MyClass.update does not have the decorator @dec did not apply to update I'm trying to use this with orm.reconstructor in sqlalchemy.

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  • Is it possible to create a python iterator over pre-defined mutable data?

    - by Wilduck
    I might be doing this wrong, if I am, let me know, but I'm curious if the following is possible: I have a class that holds a number of dictionaries, each of which pairs names to a different set of objects of a given class. For example: items = {"ball" : ItemInstance1, "sword" : ItemInstance2} people = {"Jerry" : PersonInstance1, "Bob" : PersonInstance2, "Jill" : PersonInstance3} My class would then hold the current items and people that are availible, and these would be subject to change as the state changes: Class State: def __init__(self, items, people): self.items = items self.people = people I would like to define a iter() and next() method such that it iterates through all of the values in its attributes. My first question is whether or not this is possible. If it is, will it be able to support a situation as follows: I define items and people as above then: state = State(items, people) for names, thing in state: print name + " is " + thing.color items[cheese] = ItemInstance3 for names, thing in state: print name + " weighs " + thing.weight While I feel like this would be usefull in the code I have, I don't know if it's either possible or the right approach. Everything I've read about user defined iterators has suggested that each instance of them is one use only.

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  • Possible to capture the returned value from a Python list comprehension for use a condition?

    - by Joe
    I want to construct a value in a list comprehension, but also filter on that value. For example: [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x) < 5] I want to avoid calling expensive_function twice per iteration. The generator may return an infinite series, and list comprehensions aren't lazily evaluated. So this wouldn't work: [y in [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x)] where y < 5] I could write this another way, but it feels right for a list comprehension and I'm sure this is a common usage pattern (possible or not!).

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  • Python Pickle: what can cause stack index out of range error?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm getting this error: File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 1374, in loads return Unpickler(file).load() File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 858, in load dispatch[key](self) File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 1075, in load_obj k = self.marker() File "C:\Python26\lib\pickle.py", line 874, in marker while stack[k] is not mark: k = k-1 IndexError: list index out of range Why could this be happening?

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  • How do I modify this download function in Python?

    - by TIMEX
    Right now, it's iffy. Gzip, images, sometimes it doesn't work. How do I modify this download function so that it can work with anything? (Regardless of gzip or any header?) How do I automatically "Detect" if it's gzip? I don't want to always pass True/False, like I do right now. def download(source_url, g = False, correct_url = True): try: socket.setdefaulttimeout(10) agents = ['Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0)','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.1)','Microsoft Internet Explorer/4.0b1 (Windows 95)','Opera/8.00 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)'] ree = urllib2.Request(source_url) ree.add_header('User-Agent',random.choice(agents)) ree.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'gzip') opener = urllib2.build_opener() h = opener.open(ree).read() if g: compressedstream = StringIO(h) gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=compressedstream) data = gzipper.read() return data else: return h except Exception, e: return ""

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  • Is it possible to craft your own packets with python?

    - by Rob
    Well, I know its possible, using external libraries and modules such as scapy. But how about without external modules? Without running the script as root? No external dependencies? I've been doing a lot of googling, but haven't found much help. I'd like to be able to create my own packets, but without running as root, or installing extra dependencies. Any suggestions?

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  • What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

    - by ????
    The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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