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• mailman not relaying email to external address

  - by gozzilli

  I have a setup of mailman with postfix on an ubuntu server 12.04. My problem is that mailing list emails are not forwarded to email addresses external to my institution. However the initial welcome email is received by everyone, internally and externally. in fact, a simple email from command line with mail is successfully sent to anyone after that, mailing list emails are only forwarded to internal addresses. the domain name I'm using for the server is not that of my institution who is hosting the server. Here is my main.cf: myorigin = sub.myinstitution.tld mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/16 # this is my institution ip range relayhost = smtp.myinstitution.tld inet_interfaces = loopback-only local_transport = error:local delivery is disabled virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks myhostname = mywebsite.tld mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost I also found these two links on serverfault and ubuntu forums, but neither of these solutions seem to do the trick for me. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Backup broken PostgreSQL 8.4 without pg_dump

  - by Daniil

  So. I have a problem. PostgreSQL 8.4 won't start or restart without any output given. But it worked for 3 monthes until hosting provider doesn't rebooted server. Now it is completly broken. It wan't start and doesn't give any output or log. pg_dump: [archiver (db)] connection to database "postgres" failed: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"? Now I want to backup (or just start pgsql socket) my database to reinstall postgesql. How?

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• Recommended resource to understand Internet conventions IPs, CNAMES, *, MX etc

  - by Petras

  I am a programmer who has been creating websites for many years in shared hosting environments. To make the website live, I logged into where the domain was hosted and updated the name servers. Sometimes I didn’t want POP email so I changed an A record. I never really understood what this meant but it worked. Now we have a dedicated server and I have to fill out all this to make it live: Plus I was told I had to complete zones at my domain host: I would really like to know what all this means. What is a * record What is an @ How does the internet work regarding all these conventions? Is there a good approachable book on this topic?

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• How do I force a specific MTU for only certain TCP ports?

  - by Dave S.

  Background I have a set of embedded hardware deployed in the field. These remote machines connect back to my servers at AWS running Ubuntu and I use the iptables mangle chain to lower the MTU to 500 so these devices are happy. For reference, this is the iptables rule I am using: -A POSTROUTING -p tcp --sport 12345 --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -o eth0 -j TCPMSS --set-mss 500 Current Problem I'm trying to spin up some servers on the Joyent Cloud using SmartOS, but I can't find any information on selectively changing the MTU like I can on Linux (e.g. all info I've found is on changing it globally, which is not what I want). How would I do it so that all connections on TCP port 12345 get the MTU I want?

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• Software to watch movies at the same time and chat

  - by Thomaschaaf

  Hello! Sometimes I want to watch a movie with friends... them not always being near me makes it hard to do this. Usually everyone will either rent the dvd or get a copy online mostly as .avi files. Usually we all have chat windows open and when one has to pause to get a drink or because of some other reason it is VERY hard to resync. Is there software to handle this? The file could be hosted on linux machines in the cloud if that would be any help :) Greetings, Thomas

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• Single hardware unit to protect web servers and implement smart publishing

  - by Maxim V. Pavlov

  Thus far we've been using the combination of Forefront TMG 2010 as an edge firewall + intrusion prevention system + web site publishing mechanism in the data center to work with a few web server machines. Since we develop on ASP.NET, we are IIS and in general - Microsoft crowd. Since TMG is being deprecated, we need to come up with a hardware alternative to protect and serve our data center web cloud. Could you please advise a hardware or virtual appliance solution that can provide routing, flood prevention and smart web-site publishing (one IP - many web sites based on domain name filter) all in one. Even if it is hard to configure, as long as it covers all these features, we will invest to learn and replace TMG eventually.

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• How can a single disk in a hardware SATA RAID-10 array bring the entire array to a screeching halt?

  - by Stu Thompson

  Prelude: I'm a code-monkey that's increasingly taken on SysAdmin duties for my small company. My code is our product, and increasingly we provide the same app as SaaS. About 18 months ago I moved our servers from a premium hosting centric vendor to a barebones rack pusher in a tier IV data center. (Literally across the street.) This ment doing much more ourselves--things like networking, storage and monitoring. As part the big move, to replace our leased direct attached storage from the hosting company, I built a 9TB two-node NAS based on SuperMicro chassises, 3ware RAID cards, Ubuntu 10.04, two dozen SATA disks, DRBD and . It's all lovingly documented in three blog posts: Building up & testing a new 9TB SATA RAID10 NFSv4 NAS: Part I, Part II and Part III. We also setup a Cacit monitoring system. Recently we've been adding more and more data points, like SMART values. I could not have done all this without the awesome boffins at ServerFault. It's been a fun and educational experience. My boss is happy (we saved bucket loads of $$$), our customers are happy (storage costs are down), I'm happy (fun, fun, fun). Until yesterday. Outage & Recovery: Some time after lunch we started getting reports of sluggish performance from our application, an on-demand streaming media CMS. About the same time our Cacti monitoring system sent a blizzard of emails. One of the more telling alerts was a graph of iostat await. Performance became so degraded that Pingdom began sending "server down" notifications. The overall load was moderate, there was not traffic spike. After logging onto the application servers, NFS clients of the NAS, I confirmed that just about everything was experiencing highly intermittent and insanely long IO wait times. And once I hopped onto the primary NAS node itself, the same delays were evident when trying to navigate the problem array's file system. Time to fail over, that went well. Within 20 minuts everything was confirmed to be back up and running perfectly. Post-Mortem: After any and all system failures I perform a post-mortem to determine the cause of the failure. First thing I did was ssh back into the box and start reviewing logs. It was offline, completely. Time for a trip to the data center. Hardware reset, backup an and running. In /var/syslog I found this scary looking entry: Nov 15 06:49:44 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_00], 6 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Nov 15 06:49:44 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_07], SMART Prefailure Attribute: 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate changed from 171 to 170 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_10], 16 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_10], 4 Offline uncorrectable sectors Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 6576 3421766910 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 2 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 6087 3421766910 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 10% 5901 656821791 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: # 4 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5818 651637856 Nov 15 06:49:45 umbilo smartd[2827]: So I went to check the Cacti graphs for the disks in the array. Here we see that, yes, disk 7 is slipping away just like syslog says it is. But we also see that disk 8's SMART Read Erros are fluctuating. There are no messages about disk 8 in syslog. More interesting is that the fluctuating values for disk 8 directly correlate to the high IO wait times! My interpretation is that: Disk 8 is experiencing an odd hardware fault that results in intermittent long operation times. Somehow this fault condition on the disk is locking up the entire array Maybe there is a more accurate or correct description, but the net result has been that the one disk is impacting the performance of the whole array. The Question(s) How can a single disk in a hardware SATA RAID-10 array bring the entire array to a screeching halt? Am I being naïve to think that the RAID card should have dealt with this? How can I prevent a single misbehaving disk from impacting the entire array? Am I missing something?

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• Providing high availability and failover using MySQL on EC2

  - by crb

  I would like to have a highly-available MySQL system, with automatic failover, running on Amazon EC2 instances. The standard approach to solving this is problem Heartbeat + DRBD, but I've found a lot of posts suggesting DRBD doesn't work on EC2, though none saying exactly why. Obviously, a serial heartbeat or distinct network is out of the question in the virtualised environment. It would also be good to have the different servers be in different availability zones, but we're getting into a much harder problem there. What are peoples' opinion on having a high uptime solution in "the cloud"? Note: This question was asked before RDS with multi-AZ was announced, which is the nice automatic answer for today's modern IT professional. :)

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• Mutliple VMs for Tomcat cluster vs Multiple Tomcat instances on one physical box

  - by Greymeister

  I'm working on a project that will be implemented into production using a cluster of Apache Tomcat instances and I'm looking for the best Hardware/OS solutions and VMs have come up as one option. I have run ESXi/ESX instances before for development and testing, but I'm curious for a hosting environment if having multiple VMs is actually worse than just configuring a server to host multiple instances of Tomcat. These are my guesses: Pros for VMWare Easier Maintenance/Backup for individual VMs (VMWare makes this easy) Can remote login to individual VMs without having to give host access (security?) Easier way to re-purpose machine for OS/Hardware changes Pros for running on one Physical Machine Overhead of only one OS (also no VMWare footprint) Update OS/security changes once One less administrative layer (No VM expertise required) I'm curious if anyone has any other ideas about what the benefits would be for either option.

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• FTP script download from linux to windows

  - by user53864

  I'm using following FTP script on windows xp to download zip files from ubuntu cloud servers. A zip file is created every day on ubutnu servers and I will download it to windows via this ftp script. I run this script everyday manually as I have to edit the last line(mget /usr/backup_02-11-2010.Zip) of the script to match today's date. I want to edit this script so that it will download only today's zip file at the scheduled time without needing to edit it everyday, when scheduled. It's clear that date is appended to the zip files and is in the format dd-mm-yyyy. Need help... open server-ip-here username-here user-password-here lcd C:\Backup\files bin hash prompt mget /usr/backup_02-11-2010.zip

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• Subdomain only accessible from one computer

  - by Edan Maor

  I recently added a wildcard A record to my domain (*.root.com), mapping it to a certain elastic ip on AWS. I've configured apache to redirect all references to something.root.com to root.com, except for one specific "dev" subdomain, which is hosting its own site (a Django app, specifically). The Problem: This setup works perfectly for me on my computer. But on other computers around the office, it doesn't seem to work. Specifically, trying to visit dev.root.com gives an "unable to find server" error. Pinging dev.root.com gives a "cannot resolve hostname" error. The weird thing: pinging any other subdomain of root.com does work, from all machines. I would think this was all due to DNS propagation, except all the computers are behind the same office router, so how could that be the case? Any ideas?

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• IIS Hangs on SQL Connections when running ASP.net applications

  - by PaulWaldman

  We have a database server running SQL 2000 and two web servers hosting ASP.net applications. All three servers are running Windows Server 2003 SP2. Our issue is repeatable after about 2 weeks, IIS on one web server is no longer able to establish SQL connections. Static content loads fine. Other non-IIS applications are still able to contact the SQL database server. ODBC functionality also still works. While running SQL profiler a connection is never established from IIS when it is in this state. The only way to fix this situation is to restart the web server. There are no firewalls installed on any machines.

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• Is it possible to use WebMatrix with pure IIS?

  - by Mike Christensen

  I'd like to check out WebMatrix for publishing our site to IIS automatically (right now, I have to zip it up, copy it out, Remote Desktop into the server, unzip it, etc). However, every example I can find on how to setup WebMatrix involves Azure, or using a .publishsettings file that you'd get from your hosting provider. I'm curious if I can publish to a normal, every day IIS server running on Windows Server 2008. So far, all I've done to the IIS server is install Web Deploy, which I believe is the protocol that WebMatrix uses to publish. When I enter the Remote Site Settings screen, I select Enter settings. I select Web Deploy as the protocol, type in my NT domain credentials (I'm an Admin on that server). I put in the site URL for the Site Name and Destination URL. When I click Validate Connection, I get: Am I doing something wrong, or is this just not possible to do?

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• Internal Server Error when using eForm with ModX

  - by Austin

  One of our clients is using modx v.0.9.6.3 with eForm. They also have their own exchange server and web hosting is done through us. We used the eForm v.1.4.4.5 to send out emails. However, they cannot get any emails from this form and when addressed to [email protected] it instantly gets to 500 Internal Server Error when the form is submitted. Note: the eForm is successfully sent when the receiver is anyone but the client. I have successfully received the email form report from a work email, and also personal email.

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• Fast, reliable data transfers from/to China

  - by Nils

  We are a small company and we will need to transfer rather large amounts of data (10GB+ each time) between Europe and China in the near future. As many may have experienced, Internet connections to or from China can be rather unreliable and slow at times without any apparent reason. For example, while sending data to China via FTP generally works well, it can be painfully slow in the other direction. Currently, we are investigating new ways to have high transfer rates in both directions. So far we have tried: FTP (see above) FTP over VPN services (generally slower than direct connections) F2F (like Retroshare or Freenet - slow!!) Aspera (fast but expensive!) BitTorrent (unreachable end nodes, b/c of firewalls which we must not configure) We would like to try: Cloud storage (e.g. Amazon S3, Google Storage) - are those services always and reliably reachable from inside China? Point-to-Point VPN (currently not possible, b/c of the network, see above) I'd be especially grateful to hear from people who have already dealt with this kind of problem before.

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• Uninstall SQL Server 2005 Express after Demoting the DC

  - by Walter Aman

  A Windows Server 2003 SP2 hosting a now orphan installation of SQL 2005 Workgroup was pressed into service as a DC in a disaster recovery scenario. It has since been demoted. The server also hosts legacy apps for which we lack reinstallation resources; thus our desire to preserve it as close to intact as possible while removing the orphaned roles. All efforts to remove SQL 2005 thru Control Panel and ARPWrapper /remove fail with error 29528. Should I abandon this and leave the orphan SQL dormant, or is it reasonable to remove it post-demote?

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• Multiple servers using same nameservers

  - by Robsimm

  I have 2x servers with the following OS's and Control Panels: Windows Server 2003 running Plesk 9 Centos 5.3 running WHM/cPanel The Windows server 2003 server is hosting the two nameservers: ns1.domain.com ns2.domain.com I have BIND running on the Centos 5.3 server, but I wish for my customers to use the same nameservers ns1.domain.com and ns2.domain.com (as per the Windows Server 2003 server). My first question is - is this possible? And if so, how would I go about configuring both servers to enable such a configuration? Thanks very much.

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• Identify Long Running or Slow PHP Scripts

  - by Kirk

  I have web server that is getting around 25K visits a day up at yougetsignal.com. Sometimes the site feels a bit sluggish. I am hosting it on nginx with php5-fpm. Is there a way for me to see a list of all of the long running requests that are coming to the site? I'd love to have a real-time list of all of the active requests that PHP is handling and how long they have been running. Kind of like top, but just for the web server. This would let me know how long requests are taking and which script is the culprit. Anyone have any ideas on how I can do this?

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• Issue with https:// url going to an unknown location

  - by Brandon

  We have a website (ASP.NET/Plesk 9.5.5) that can be accessed just fine through the regular URL (http://example.com). However when accessing the site through https://example.com the site displays the invalid security certificate warning, which is fine since we don't have an SSL certificate. If I add an exception, I'm sent to a completely separate site that is apparently hosting a malware script (I'm still on https://example.com though). Because of this Google has flagged the site as dangerous. I can't find anything in the Plesk panel that would help fix this, and as far as I can tell those files don't exist on our server. How do I tell where the https:// link is sending me? I'm not that familiar with DNS, but is that what is causing this behavior?

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• Cannot acess the new cloned server even after new IP address assignment

  - by tough

  I was able to clone a Ubuntu 10.04 server residing in Cloud. It appeared that I was not getting some IP for the new VM so I followed some of these: # cd /etc/udev/rules.d # cp 70-persistent-net.rules /root/ # rm 70-persistent-net.rules # reboot I didn't follow the later commands as I was unable to see two eth MACs as available in the referenced site. After this I am able to see some the IP for it, and is different form the original IP, I have added new IP to DNS server. Now when I try to access it with its assigned(new) domain it is directed to the old server. I can see both the VMs running with different IP. Where I might have gone wrong, I am new to this admin thing.

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• Explaining Git to someone new to revision control

  - by MaxMackie

  I've recently decided to jump into the whole world of revision control to work on some open source projects I have. I looked around (subversion, mercurial, git, etc) and found that Git seemed to make more sense conceptually to me. I've set everything up on my computer (opensuse) and made an account on gitorious (let me know if there is a more simple/better hosting provider). I understand Git from a conceptual point of view (work locally, commit to a local repo, others can now checkout from you, right?). But where does gitorious come into play? I commit to them as well as committing locally? Apart from conceptually, I don't quite understand HOW it works when it comes to making a local repository and running git init inside a folder and that HEAD file. Keep in mind I have never used any form of revision control ever before. So even the most basic concepts are foreign to me. As I post this, I'm also reading up and trying to figure it out myself.

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• Appropriate Network switch for small server cluster

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Need to build a small business server cluster for the purpose of crunching data. It will not host a web site that needs to be available 24/7. It does need to support servers that host Redis, a Cassandra database cluster, and a Python web server. Operating system will most likely be Centos 6.4 Other servers in the cluster should be able to communicate very fast with each other, especially the Redis server. This will probably require the use of internal IP addresses. We will need to use multi-data center replication to synchronize the Cassandra cluster with the one that we currently have hosted on the cloud Was looking into network switches and we are unsure of the appropriate specifications that we should be looking for. Does the switch need to be "managed" or can it be "unmanged"? Does the switch need to support IPv6 or just IPv4? Do we need an enterprise level Cisco switch, or can we go with something like a $200 DLink managed (or unmanaged) small business switch? Thanks so much!

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• Live streaming external FLV files

  - by fandelost

  I want to broadcast live video from a playlist created by me, but the actual video files (.flv's) are stored in some external file hosting which I can't admin, but it's currently allowing the use of flash players for playing its contents (progressively). Which is the best solution for this? Can I use my current web server (Debian w/Apache) or should I use some specific server software? I've read some names such as Red5 and Wowza but I can't tell if those are solutions to my actual problem or how should I use them. Also, costs should be as low as possible for this project.

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• DNS security (hijacking?)

  - by Jongsma

  I am hosting my website on Linode and am also using their DNS/naming servers. (ns1.linode.com etc.) It occurred to me that I never have had to authenticate that the domain is mine when I added it to the domain to the DNS manager, or at any other point. I now wonder whether it would be possible for other Linode users to 'hijack' my domain by simply adding the same domain zone and pointing it to their own server. I wouldn't know how Linode could determine which are the real/authentic records. How can I be sure this doesn't happen?

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• script to automatically test if a web site is available

  - by Xoundboy

  I'm a lone web developer with my own Centos VPS hosting a few small web sites for my clients. Today I discovered my httpd service had stopped (for no apparent reason - but that's another thread). I restarted it but now I need to find a way that I can be notified by email and/or SMS if it happens again - I don't like it when my client rings me to tell me their web site doesn't work! I know there are probably many different possibilities, including server monitoring software. I think all I really need is a script that I can run as a cron job from my dev host (which is permanently running in my office) that attempts to load a page from my production server and if it doesn't load within say 30 seconds then it sends me an email or SMS. I'm pretty rubbish at shell scripting, hence this question. Any suggestions would be gratefully appreciated, thanks to all you clever sysadmin guys and girls out there :)

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