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  • StrongSwan + xl2tpd client timeout between 2-5 minutes

    - by Howard Guo
    I run CentOS 6.4 on Amazon EC2, using xl2tpd-1.3.1 from EPEL repository together with StrongSwan 5.0.4. I setup a simple IPSec connection: conn l2tp type=transport keyexchange=ikev1 rekey=no authby=psk leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 rightsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 compress=yes auto=add And here is xl2tpd.conf: [global] ipsec saref = yes [lns default] ip range = 192.168.0.2-192.168.0.250 local ip = 192.168.0.1 ppp debug = yes pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd length bit = yes Here is options.xl2tpd: ms-dns 8.8.4.4 auth lock debug proxyarp There is only one client - Android 4.2 Android connects successfully: Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 xl2tpd[2706]: Connection established to x.x.x.x, 59578. Local: 18934, Remote: 29291 (ref=0/0). LNS session is 'default' Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 xl2tpd[2706]: Call established with x.x.x.x, Local: 36452, Remote: 29845, Serial: -1369754322 Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: pppd 2.4.5 started by howard, uid 0 Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: Using interface ppp0 Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/0 Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: peer from calling number x.x.x.x authorized Oct 27 19:45:02 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: Deflate (15) compression enabled Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: Cannot determine ethernet address for proxy ARP Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: local IP address 192.168.0.1 Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 pppd[2709]: remote IP address 192.168.0.2 Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] 192.168.0.1 appeared on ppp0 Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] 192.168.0.1 disappeared from ppp0 Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] 192.168.0.1 appeared on ppp0 Oct 27 19:45:03 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] interface ppp0 activated In the meanwhile, Internet works perfectly on the Android client, the VPN connection is stable and fast. However, it always happens that within 2-5 minutes after the connection is established: Oct 27 19:47:07 ip-172-31-17-30 xl2tpd[2706]: Maximum retries exceeded for tunnel 18934. Closing. Oct 27 19:47:07 ip-172-31-17-30 xl2tpd[2706]: Connection 29291 closed to 95.91.227.224, port 59578 (Timeout) Oct 27 19:47:07 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] interface ppp0 deactivated Oct 27 19:47:07 ip-172-31-17-30 charon: 06[KNL] interface ppp0 deleted Then the VPN connection is broken. So what might have gone wrong? The same L2TP service works flawlessly on iOS 7, MacOS 10.8, and Windows 7, there is no disconnection issue on those OSes. Thank you!

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  • Why are the analoge stereo input and output of my M-Audio 24/96 soundcard not available to me in Ubuntu Lucid

    - by MIDoubleKO
    I have installed Lucid on an old Mac PowerPC G4 desktop with a M-Audio Audiophile 24/96 soundcard. The only inputs and outputs I can select in the audio preferences are digital ones for the digital input and output. "lspci -v" shows the card as so: 0001:10:13.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. ICE1712 [Envy24] PCI Multi-Channel I/O Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: VIA Technologies Inc. Device d634 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 16, IRQ 53 I/O ports at 0440 [size=32] I/O ports at 04b0 [size=16] I/O ports at 04a0 [size=16] I/O ports at 0400 [size=64] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ICE1712 Kernel modules: snd-ice1712 "cat /proc/asound/cards" as so: 0 [Tumbler ]: PMac Tumbler - PowerMac Tumbler PowerMac Tumbler (Dev 21) Sub-frame 0 1 [M2496 ]: ICE1712 - M Audio Audiophile 24/96 M Audio Audiophile 24/96 at 0x440, irq 53 "aplay -L" shows these as listed: pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server front:CARD=Tumbler,DEV=0 PowerMac Tumbler, PowerMac Tumbler Front speakers front:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi Front speakers surround40:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers iec958:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output I believe it is a problem with detecting the analogue input/output. Sometimes I can get sound from the device but it is a sheet of white noise and tinkering makes it go away again I don't know if that is a separate problem or if it is linked to not being able to see the analogue input/outputs in the sound preferences. Any help would be greatly appreciated As for the white noise I have installed the Envy24 control panel and spend lots of time playing with the settings but when I can get the white noise I can never get it to an quality where I can actually hear what is being played. The internal speaker plays audio fine and plugging in a NI Audio 4DJ via usb also plays sound, although with some static but I believe that is due to an underpowered usb2 pci expansion card not being able to get enough electricity to the device. Alternatively I have seen other people with problems with this device so it may be a bug in the driver but that is another matter. I would like to get the M-Audio card working so I can begin to enjoy my music once again. As a note, I do not currently have any audio equipment capable of sending or receiving audio via the digital inputs and output so I can not check if they are working. The sound preferences show a wide range of digital in and out options with various surround sound options but no analogue ins and outs.

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  • Ubuntu box static routing problem

    - by Rafael
    Hello, I'm trying to configure a ubuntu server to be a router. This is my interface configuration (eth2 connects to my WAN, eth0 to my LAN): auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 192.168.0.249 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 broadcast 192.168.0.255 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 This is the router information: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth2 And this is dhcp configuration: subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.100.101 192.168.100.254; option domain-name-servers 201.70.86.133; option routers 192.168.100.1; authoritative; } I'm then connecting a mac os x by cable on eth0. This is en0 interface configuration: en0: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:26:bb:5d:82:b0 inet6 fe80::226:bbff:fe5d:82b0%en0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet 192.168.100.101 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.100.255 media: autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active And this is the routing table: Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.100.1 UGSc 139 32 en0 10.37.129/24 link#8 UC 2 0 vnic1 10.37.129.2 0:1c:42:0:0:9 UHLWI 0 839 lo0 10.37.129.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 4 vnic1 10.211.55/24 link#7 UC 2 0 vnic0 10.211.55.2 0:1c:42:0:0:8 UHLWI 0 840 lo0 10.211.55.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 4 vnic0 127 127.0.0.1 UCS 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 507924 lo0 169.254 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 172.16.42/24 link#10 UC 2 0 vmnet8 172.16.42.1 0:50:56:c0:0:8 UHLWI 0 839 lo0 172.16.42.255 link#10 UHLWbI 1 24 vmnet8 192.168.100 link#4 UC 2 0 en0 192.168.100.1 0:e0:7c:7e:f:99 UHLWI 139 0 en0 777 192.168.100.101 127.0.0.1 UHS 0 0 lo0 192.168.100.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 4 en0 192.168.116 link#9 UC 2 0 vmnet1 192.168.116.1 0:50:56:c0:0:1 UHLWI 0 839 lo0 192.168.116.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 4 vmnet1 When I ping 192.168.100.1, it works. When I ping 192.168.0.249, it also works. However, when I try to ping 192.168.0.1 it does not. Does anyone has any way to solve this? Is there a way to debug it? Thanks,

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  • Windows 8 ignores more specific route

    - by Lander
    OS: Windows 8 I have a cabled NIC (connected to router with ip 192.168.1.0) and a WIFI NIC (connected to a router with ip 192.168.1.1) . I want all traffic to go through the cabled NIC, except the 192.168.1.0/8 range should use the wifi-nic. This was working fine in Windows 7, without any manual configuration. In Windows 8 however, it's not. My routing table: =========================================================================== Interface List 14...f2 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter 13...b8 ac 6f 54 d2 5c ......Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller 12...f0 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Dell Wireless 1397 WLAN Mini-Card 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 15...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 30 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.233 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.233 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 31 192.168.1.198 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None I added the rule for 192.168.1.0. I would think Windows should use this rule for the IP 192.168.1.1 because it's more specific than the default-route. However it's not: C:\Windows\system32>tracert 192.168.1.1 Tracing route to 192.168.1.1 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 58 ms 4 ms 4 ms 192.168.0.1 2 68 ms 12 ms 11 ms ^C So... What do I do wrong? And how can I make Windows use the wireless NIC for 192.168.1.0/8

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  • Link aggregation with freebsd8 and a cicso 3550, what am i doing wrong?

    - by Flamewires
    Hey, I am trying to setup Link Aggrigation with LACP (well, anything that provides increased bandwidth and failover using my setup will work). I'm running FreeBSD 8.0 on 3 machines. M1 is running 2 10/100 ethernetcards setup for link aggrigation using lagg. for reference: ifconfig em0 up ifconfig tx0 up ifconfig create lagg0 ifconfig lagg0 laggproto lacp laggport tx0 laggport em0 192.168.1.16 netmask 255.255.255.0 I plugged them into ports 1 and 2 of a Cicso 3550. then ran: configure terminal interface range Fa0/1 - 2 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 1 channel-group 1 mode active (everythings in vlan 1) Now Im able to connect the other computers to other ports on the switch and failover works great, i can unplug cables in the middle of a transfer and the traffic gets rerouted. However, im not noticing any speed increase. My test setup: load balancing: i tried dst and src on the switch, neither seemed to give me a speed increase. I am SCPing 2 500 meg files from the lagg computer to other computers (one each) which are also running 10/100 full duplex cards. I get transfer speeds of about 11.2-11.4 Mbps to a single host, and about half that (5.9-6.2) Mbps when transferring to both at the same time. From what I understood with destination load balancing the router was suppose to balance traffic headed for 1 computer over 1 port and traffic headed for another over a diff(in this case) the other port. With destination-MAC address forwarding, when packets are forwarded to an EtherChannel, the packets are distributed across the ports in the channel based on the destination host MAC address of the incoming packet. Therefore, packets to the same destination are forwarded over the same port, and packets to a different destination are sent on a different port in the channel. For the 3550 series switch, when source-MAC address forwarding is used, load distribution based on the source and destination IP address is also enabled for routed IP traffic. All routed IP traffic chooses a port based on the source and destination IP address. Packets between two IP hosts always use the same port in the channel, and traffic between any other pair of hosts can use a different port in the channel. (Link) What am i doing wrong/what would i need to do to see a speed increase beyond what i could do with just a single card?

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  • How do I combine static and dynamic DHCP leases on a Cisco router?

    - by Brad
    Basically, what I need is super similar to the unanswered cisco forum question below: https://supportforums.cisco.com/message/3139749#3139749 I have a Cisco 850 Series router. I have configured a DHCP pool for the 10.0.0.0/24 network. I have excluded 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.99 from the DHCP pool. I want to add a static DHCP pool for stuff and I want DHCP to statically assign them the addresses of my choice below 100. Actually, I don't care what addresses I statically assign. They can be anything in the pool for all I care, I just want it to work. Why are you doing this? Just statically assign the IPs on the devices! I don't want to do this because I have some laptop users. They could obviously only use that static IP here. This isn't a problem if they could be bothered to change any location setting or something. They can't. So it HAS to be DHCP. It also has to be static IPs because I need to forward ports to them. I know, I know, this is weird but it's an apartment LAN/WLAN so this isn't exactly a typical use case. Relevant sections of config below: ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.99 ! ip dhcp pool Internal-net import all network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 10.0.0.1 domain-name 1770.local lease 7 ! ip dhcp pool static-pool import all origin file flash://staticmap default-router 10.0.0.1 domain-name 1770.local Contents of staticmap: *time* Aug 5 2010 09:00 AM *version* 2 !IP address Type Hardware address Lease expiration 10.0.0.100/24 1 001f.5b3e.d50a Infinite *end* You can see here I was trying addresses outside the excluded-address range to see if that would make any difference. My testing machine's MAC: mainframe:~ brad$ ifconfig en1 en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:1f:5b:3e:d5:0a What shows up in the DHCP binding table: basestar#show ip dhcp binding Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF: IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address/ User name 10.0.0.112 0100.1f5b.3ed5.0a Aug 12 2010 10:06 AM Automatic What's up with the funny looking MAC in the DHCP binding table?? Is what I'm trying to accomplish basically impossible? Am I going about this the wrong way? All I want to to be able to port forward some ports to specific devices. The way I would do this with a consumer router is to do what I'm trying to do here; assign static DHCP to those devices then configure PAT for ports on those addresses.

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  • Aliased network interfaces and isc dhcp server

    - by Jonatan
    I have been banging my head on this for a long time now. There are many discussions on the net about this and similar problems, but none of the solutions seems to work for me. I have a Debian server with two ethernet network interfaces. One of them is connected to internet, while the other is connected to my LAN. The LAN network is 10.11.100.0 (netmask 255.255.255.0). We have some custom hardware that use network 10.4.1.0 (netmask 255.255.255.0) and we can't change that. But we need all hosts on 10.11.100.0 to be able to connect to devices on 10.4.1.0. So I added an alias for the LAN network interface so that the Debian server acts as a gateway between 10.11.100.0 and 10.4.1.0. But then the dhcp server stopped working. The log says: No subnet declaration for eth1:0 (no IPv4 addresses). ** Ignoring requests on eth1:0. If this is not what you want, please write a subnet declaration in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment to which interface eth1:1 is attached. ** No subnet declaration for eth1:1 (no IPv4 addresses). ** Ignoring requests on eth1:1. If this is not what you want, please write a subnet declaration in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment to which interface eth1:1 is attached. ** I had another server before, also running Debian but with the older dhcp3 server, and it worked without any problems. I've tried everything I can think of in dhcpd.conf etc, and I've also compared with the working configuration in the old server. The dhcp server need only handle devices on 10.11.100.0. Any hints? Here's all relevant config files: /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server INTERFACES="eth1" /etc/network/interfaces (I've left out eth0, that connects to the Internet, since there is no problem with that.) auto eth1:0 iface eth1:0 inet static address 10.11.100.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth1:1 iface eth1:1 inet static address 10.4.1.248 netmask 255.255.255.0 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style none; option domain-name "???.com"; option domain-name-servers ?.?.?.?; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 604800; authorative; subnet 10.11.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; pool { range 10.11.100.50 10.11.100.99; } option routers 10.11.100.102; } I have tried to add shared-network etc, but didn't manage to get that to work. I get the same error message no matter what...

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  • "Hostile" network in the company - please comment on a security setup

    - by TomTom
    I have a little specific problem here that I want (need) to solve in a satisfactory way. My company has multiple (IPv4) networks that are controlled by our router sitting in the middle. Typical smaller shop setup. There is now one additional network that has an IP Range OUTSIDE of our control, connected to the internet with another router OUTSIDE of our control. Call it a project network that is part of another companies network and combined via VPN they set up. This means: They control the router that is used for this network and They can reconfigure things so that they can access the machines in this network. The network is physically split on our end through some VLAN capable switches as it covers three locations. At one end there is the router the other company controls. I Need / want to give the machines used in this network access to my company network. In fact, it may be good to make them part of my active directory domain. The people working on those machines are part of my company. BUT - I need to do so without compromising the security of my company network from outside influence. Any sort of router integration using the externally controlled router is out by this idea So, my idea is this: We accept the IPv4 address space and network topology in this network is not under our control. We seek alternatives to integrate those machines into our company network. The 2 concepts I came up with are: Use some sort of VPN - have the machines log into VPN. Thanks to them using modern windows, this could be transparent DirectAccess. This essentially treats the other IP space not different than any restaurant network a laptop of the company goes in. Alternatively - establish IPv6 routing to this ethernet segment. But - and this is a trick - block all IPv6 packets in the switch before they hit the third party controlled router, so that even IF they turn on IPv6 on that thing (not used now, but they could do it) they would get not a single packet. The switch can nicely do that by pulling all IPv6 traffic coming to that port into a separate VLAN (based on ethernet protocol type). Anyone sees a problem with using he switch to isolate the outer from IPv6? Any security hole? It is sad we have to treat this network as hostile - would be a lot easier - but the support personnel there is of "known dubious quality" and the legal side is clear - we can not fulfill our obligations when we integrate them into our company while they are under a jurisdiction we don't have a say in.

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  • Why are the analoge stereo input and output of my M-Audio 24/96 soundcard not available to me in Ubu

    - by user37968
    I have installed Lucid on an old Mac PowerPC G4 desktop with a M-Audio Audiophile 24/96 soundcard. The only inputs and outputs I can select in the audio preferences are digital ones for the digital input and output. "lspci -v" shows the card as so: 0001:10:13.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. ICE1712 [Envy24] PCI Multi-Channel I/O Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: VIA Technologies Inc. Device d634 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 16, IRQ 53 I/O ports at 0440 [size=32] I/O ports at 04b0 [size=16] I/O ports at 04a0 [size=16] I/O ports at 0400 [size=64] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ICE1712 Kernel modules: snd-ice1712 "cat /proc/asound/cards" as so: 0 [Tumbler ]: PMac Tumbler - PowerMac Tumbler PowerMac Tumbler (Dev 21) Sub-frame 0 1 [M2496 ]: ICE1712 - M Audio Audiophile 24/96 M Audio Audiophile 24/96 at 0x440, irq 53 "aplay -L" shows these as listed: pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server front:CARD=Tumbler,DEV=0 PowerMac Tumbler, PowerMac Tumbler Front speakers front:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi Front speakers surround40:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers iec958:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output I believe it is a problem with detecting the analogue input/output. Sometimes I can get sound from the device but it is a sheet of white noise and tinkering makes it go away again I don't know if that is a separate problem or if it is linked to not being able to see the analogue input/outputs in the sound preferences. Any help would be greatly appreciated As for the white noise I have installed the Envy24 control panel and spend lots of time playing with the settings but when I can get the white noise I can never get it to an quality where I can actually hear what is being played. The internal speaker plays audio fine and plugging in a NI Audio 4DJ via usb also plays sound, although with some static but I believe that is due to an underpowered usb2 pci expansion card not being able to get enough electricity to the device. Alternatively I have seen other people with problems with this device so it may be a bug in the driver but that is another matter. I would like to get the M-Audio card working so I can begin to enjoy my music once again. As a note, I do not currently have any audio equipment capable of sending or receiving audio via the digital inputs and output so I can not check if they are working. The sound preferences show a wide range of digital in and out options with various surround sound options but no analogue ins and outs.

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  • Raid 1 array won't assemble after power outage. How do I fix this ext4 mirror?

    - by Forkrul Assail
    Two ext4 drives on Raid 1 with mdadm won't reassemble after the power went out for an extended period (UPS drained). After turning the machine back on, mdadm said that the array was degraded, after which it took about 2 days for a full resync, which completed without problems. On trying to remount the array I get: mount: you must specify the filesystem type cat /etc/fstab lines relevant to setup: /dev/md127 /media/mediapool ext4 defaults 0 0 dmesg | tail (on trying to mount) says: [ 1050.818782] EXT3-fs (md127): error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev md127. [ 1050.849214] EXT4-fs (md127): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [ 1050.944781] FAT-fs (md127): invalid media value (0x00) [ 1050.944782] FAT-fs (md127): Can't find a valid FAT filesystem [ 1058.272787] EXT2-fs (md127): error: can't find an ext2 filesystem on dev md127. cat /proc/mdstat says: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdj[2] sdi[0] 2930135360 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> fsck /dev/md127 says: fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md127 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> mdadm -E /dev/sdi gives me: /dev/sdi: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 37ac1824:eb8a21f6:bd5afd6d:96da6394 Name : sojourn:33 Creation Time : Sat Nov 10 10:43:52 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Raid Devices : 2 Avail Dev Size : 5860271016 (2794.40 GiB 3000.46 GB) Array Size : 2930135360 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Used Dev Size : 5860270720 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Data Offset : 262144 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3e6e9a4f:6c07ab3d:22d47fce:13cecfd0 Update Time : Tue Nov 13 20:34:18 2012 Checksum : f7d10db9 - correct Events : 27 Device Role : Active device 0 Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) boot@boot ~ $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdj /dev/sdj: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 37ac1824:eb8a21f6:bd5afd6d:96da6394 Name : sojourn:33 Creation Time : Sat Nov 10 10:43:52 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Raid Devices : 2 Avail Dev Size : 5860271016 (2794.40 GiB 3000.46 GB) Array Size : 2930135360 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Used Dev Size : 5860270720 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Data Offset : 262144 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 7fb84af4:e9295f7b:ede61f27:bec0cb57 Update Time : Tue Nov 13 20:34:18 2012 Checksum : b9d17fef - correct Events : 27 Device Role : Active device 1 Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) machine@user ~ dmesg | tail [ 61.785866] init: alsa-restore main process (2736) terminated with status 99 [ 68.433548] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 534.142511] EXT4-fs (sdi): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 2838187772)! [ 534.142518] EXT4-fs (sdi): group descriptors corrupted! [ 546.418780] EXT2-fs (sdi): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) [ 549.654127] EXT3-fs (sdi): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) Since this is Raid 1 it was suggested that I try and mount or fsck the drives separately. After a long fsck on one drive, it ended with this as tail: Illegal double indirect block (2298566437) in inode 39717736. CLEARED. Illegal block #4231180 (2611866932) in inode 39717736. CLEARED. Error storing directory block information (inode=39717736, block=0, num=1092368): Memory allocation failed Recreate journal? yes Creating journal (32768 blocks): Done. *** journal has been re-created - filesystem is now ext3 again *** The drive however still doesn't want to mount: dmesg | tail [ 170.674659] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 170.675152] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 195.275288] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 195.275876] md: export_rdev(sdc) [ 1338.540092] CE: hpet increased min_delta_ns to 30169 nsec [26125.734105] EXT4-fs (sdc): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (43502!=37987) [26125.734115] EXT4-fs (sdc): group descriptors corrupted! [26182.325371] EXT3-fs (sdc): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) [27083.316519] EXT4-fs (sdc): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (43502!=37987) [27083.316530] EXT4-fs (sdc): group descriptors corrupted! Please help me fix this. I never in my wildest nightmares thought a complete mirror would die this badly. Am I missing something? Suggestions on fixing this? Could someone explain why it would resync after the powerout, only to seemingly nuke the drive? Thanks for reading. Any help much appreciated. I've tried everything I can think of, including booting and filesystem checking with SystemRescue and Ubuntu liveboot discs.

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  • Buying a new printer instead of replacing ink?

    - by Kelsey
    With prices of basic printers being around $40 - $50 and a ink cartridge being around $20 - $30 each for black AND color. It costs me more to replace the printer's ink than to just buy a brand new printer. This just seems like a total waste of materials though (I have 4 printers sitting in my basement with no ink). I know the ink cartridges are smaller (not as full) in a new printer but I go through it in about 1 to 1.5 years only and by then my $40 gets me a better printer to boot. Also with certain printers the heads are not part of the ink (Epson use to do this and still might) so I get new heads as well. Is this a bad practice? Are retailers making this a reality when they are selling working hardware cheaper than replacement parts? Is there something more I should be considering? Edit: Some background, long ago I bought an Epson printer which I used to print docs etc vary rarely. The ink started running low so I bought to new carts for around $60 if I recall. The printer then stopped working so I replaced the carts with the new ones but the head was dead on the black which was not worth repairing. I bought a new HP printer for $49. This lasted around 1.5yrs and then the ink ran out, I went to buy new carts and the guy at the store got me to buy a new printer (that was smaller, faster, higher dpi, etc) and it was cheaper than replacing the ink. When the ink ran out on that one I bought a new printer again, etc. The printer gets used maybe once a week at most and I never print photos or anything. It normally is jsut stored away unplugged accumulating dust. People say to buy a laser printer but they are much larger, do not print color, (in the price range I am looking at) and might have the exact same issues. The problem I see is the manufacturer is making my behaviour possible by selling new printers at a loss hoping that they will cash in on the ink later. How can they produce a printer for so cheap which HAS ink in it, and the refills cost more than the unit? It can't.

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  • overriding new ubuntu installation

    - by tkoomzaaskz
    I've got a ubuntu 11.10 which has lost its support in May 2013, now I'd like to reintall up to the most up-to-date LTS, which is 12.04. My question is regarding my current partitions and doing backups. Is there a safe way to backup my data on some local partitions instead of copying files into DVDs/external drives (this is very uncormortable in my situation). Following are system commands shoing my disk: $ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 232,9G 0 +-sda1 8:1 0 48,8G 0 +-sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 +-sda3 8:3 0 1K 0 +-sda4 8:4 0 53,7G 0 / +-sda5 8:5 0 18,6G 0 +-sda6 8:6 0 25,5G 0 +-sda7 8:7 0 23,3G 0 [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 and $ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for xyz: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes glowic: 255, sektorów/sciezke: 63, cylindrów: 30401, w sumie sektorów: 488397168 Jednostka = sektorów, czyli 1 * 512 = 512 bajtów Rozmiar sektora (logiczny/fizyczny) w bajtach: 512 / 512 Rozmiar we/wy (minimalny/optymalny) w bajtach: 512 / 512 Identyfikator dysku: 0xc3ffc3ff Device Boot Beginning End Blocks ID System /dev/sda1 * 2048 102402047 51200000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 215044096 347080703 66018304 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 347082750 488392064 70654657+ 5 Extended /dev/sda4 102402048 215042047 56320000 83 Linux /dev/sda5 395905923 434975939 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 434976003 488392064 26708031 83 Linux /dev/sda7 347082752 395905023 24411136 82 Linux swap / Solaris In the beginning I had Windows Vista pre-installed with the machine when it was bought (damn!) and I installed linux (the one I have now). The windows-program in master boot record has been overriden by grub and now I can boot with both Windows and Linux. This is list of mounted devices: $ mount /dev/sda4 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/tomasz/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tomasz) It's strange (I don't remember such thing) that my current linux uses only one partition (/dev/sda4). But, anyway, it seems like that. My final question is: am I able to use one of the existing linux partitions for a backup and install ubuntu 12.04 without removing neither windows nor ubuntu 11.04? I mean - will grub automatically accept both old windows vista and 2 linuxes (old 11.10 and "new" 12.04)? Is there any hidden operation done while installation that could harm my custom-backup-partition while installing? my fstab file: proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=d44e89f5-9da2-48eb-83b3-887652ec95d2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=bbe50535-ba57-434a-9272-211d859f0e00 none swap sw 0 0 sda5 and sda6 are trash partitions created during unsuccessful linux installation (this was linux installation before my current installation), I didn't delete these partitions, but I have access to them (and I can use them as backup partitions). edit: second question is: why does lsblk show /dev/sda having 232,9G while fdisk shows that it has 250.1GB? Where does the difference come from?

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  • How can I verify that my SSD is performing as it should?

    - by Jon Skeet
    EDIT: Okay, so I've no idea what caused the change, but after trying loads of different things to work out what was wrong, I've rerun the WEI (about the 4th time in total) and the score has jumped to a far more respectable 7.3. I'm going to leave well alone now :) I've got a brand new 256GB SSD (Crucial CT256M225) which should have stellar performance. However, on my (also brand new) Dell Studio 1557 with Windows 7 Professional 64 bit, it's only giving a performance index of 5.9. I realise the performance index should be taken with a bit of a pinch of salt, but I wonder whether something's wrong. Given this paragraph from this MSDN article on Windows 7, I'd expect to see a high 6.X or possible a 7.X figure: In Windows 7, there are new random read, random write and flush assessments. Better SSDs can score above 6.5 all the way to 7.9. To be included in that range, an SSD has to have outstanding random read rates and be resilient to flush and random write workloads. In the Beta timeframe of Windows 7, there was a capping of scores at 1.9, 2.9 or the like if a disk (SSD or HDD) didn’t perform adequately when confronted with our random write and flush assessments. Feedback on this was pretty consistent, with most feeling the level of capping to be excessive. As a result, we now simply restrict SSDs with performance issues from joining the newly added 6.0+ and 7.0+ ranges. SSDs that are not solid performers across all assessments effectively get scored in a manner similar to what they would have been in Windows Vista, gaining no Win7 boost for great random read performance. How can I diagnose any performance issues with either the disk or how Windows 7 is handling it? Are there any particularly good tools you'd recommend? One note of curiosity: I couldn't install the firmware update (to 1916) until I changed my BIOS handling of the drive to ATA mode; after installing the firmware I tried to boot the Windows installation DVD - but that only worked after turning it back to AHCI mode (which I've left it in). Installing Windows 7 took longer than I expected - it sat at the "Windows is loading files" prompt for a very long time. Likewise it was on "Expanding files (0%)" for a long time. Since installation it's been fine though - but I don't know whether it's really providing quite as beefy performance as it should. EDIT: My netbook with the 64GB equivalent drive has a performance index of 6.6...

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  • PPTP VPN Not Working - Peer failed CHAP authentication, PTY read or GRE write failed

    - by armani
    Brand-new install of CentOS 6.3. Followed this guide: http://www.members.optushome.com.au/~wskwok/poptop_ads_howto_1.htm And I got PPTPd running [v1.3.4]. I got the VPN to authenticate users against our Active Directory using winbind, smb, etc. All my tests to see if I'm still authenticated to the AD server pass ["kinit -V [email protected]", "smbclient", "wbinfo -t"]. VPN users were able to connect for like . . . an hour. I tried connecting from my Android phone using domain credentials and saw that I got an IP allocated for internal VPN users [which I've since changed the range, but even setting it back to the initial doesn't work]. Ever since then, no matter what settings I try, I pretty much consistently get this in my /var/log/messages [and the VPN client fails]: [root@vpn2 ~]# tail /var/log/messages Aug 31 15:57:22 vpn2 pppd[18386]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Aug 31 15:57:22 vpn2 pppd[18386]: Using interface ppp0 Aug 31 15:57:22 vpn2 pppd[18386]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/1 Aug 31 15:57:22 vpn2 pptpd[18385]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pppd[18386]: Peer armaniadm failed CHAP authentication Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pppd[18386]: Connection terminated. Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pppd[18386]: Exit. Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pptpd[18385]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=8059660,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pptpd[18385]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Aug 31 15:57:24 vpn2 pptpd[18385]: CTRL: Client 208.54.86.242 control connection finished Now before you go blaming the firewall [all other forum posts I find seem to go there], this VPN server is on our DMZ network. We're using a Juniper SSG-5 Gateway, and I've assigned a WAN IP to the VPN box itself, zoned into the DMZ zone. Then, I have full "Any IP / Any Protocol" open traffic rules between DMZ<--Untrust Zone, and DMZ<--Trust Zone. I'll limit this later to just the authenticating traffic it needs, but for now I think we can rule out the firewall blocking anything. Here's my /etc/pptpd.conf [omitting comments]: option /etc/ppp/options.pptpd logwtmp localip [EXTERNAL_IP_ADDRESS] remoteip [ANOTHER_EXTERNAL_IP_ADDRESS, AND HAVE TRIED AN ARBITRARY GROUP LIKE 5.5.0.0-100] Here's my /etc/ppp/options.pptpd.conf [omitting comments]: name pptpd refuse-pap refuse-chap refuse-mschap require-mschap-v2 require-mppe-128 ms-dns 192.168.200.42 # This is our internal domain controller ms-wins 192.168.200.42 proxyarp lock nobsdcomp novj novjccomp nologfd auth nodefaultroute plugin winbind.so ntlm_auth-helper "/usr/bin/ntlm_auth --helper-protocol=ntlm-server-1" Any help is GREATLY appreciated. I can give you any more info you need to know, and it's a new test server, so I can perform any tests/reboots required to get it up and going. Thanks a ton.

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  • how does openvpn decide which interface to get IP addrs from

    - by bkrupa
    Using ubuntu 10.04 on both ends. We have a client and server machine on the SAME network attempting to make a vpn connection. We use the config files from here and made minimal changes. The server and client start and seem to connect without any trouble. The server looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Re-using SSL/TLS context Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 LZO compression initialized Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'f7df56b8' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'd79ca330' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 TLS: Initial packet from 192.168.1.55:47166, sid=69112e42 5458135b *...* Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 192.168.1.55:47166 On the client side the connection looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:20:07 2011 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.1.41:1194 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route-gateway 10.8.0.4,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.50 255.255.255.0' ... Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 /sbin/ifconfig tap0 10.8.0.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 10.8.0.255 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed The openvpn server has been configured to assign ip addresses in the range 10.8.0.* and the client has been given 10.8.0.50. When I run the following nmap from the client: Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-23 22:04 EST Host 10.8.0.50 is up (0.00047s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 30.34 seconds Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.0025s latency). Host 192.168.1.18 is up (0.074s latency). Host 192.168.1.41 is up (0.0024s latency). Host 192.168.1.55 is up (0.00018s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 6.33 seconds If I run an nmap from the server on 10.8.0.* I get nothing. If the client has two interfaces (wireless and tap device) when you look for a certain ip address, how does it decide which interface to connect on?

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  • Can't get DHCPd to assign IPs to unknown clients

    - by Jakobud
    I'm using Webmin to admin our DHCPd server. But I'm having a hard time getting it to assign IP addresses to unknown clients. The only way I can get it to assign an IP is to make sure a host is added to DHCPd as a host so that it gets a static-lease IP assigned to it. I thought "Allow Unknown Clients" was the key, but it still isn't assigning IPs to unknown clients. I have a pool setup so that the unknown clients should get an IP between 10.20.0.200 - 10.20.0.249. Here is the config file. What am I missing here? allow unknown-clients; # Primary DHCP server config authoritative; ddns-update-style none; failover peer "dhcp-failover" { primary; address 10.20.0.30; port 647; peer address 10.20.0.25; peer port 647; max-response-delay 60; max-unacked-updates 10; load balance max seconds 3; mclt 3600; split 128; } subnet 10.20.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { allow unknown-clients; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 10.20.0.255; option routers 10.20.0.100; option domain-name "ourdomain.com"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.20; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option ntp-servers 192.168.10.20; option time-offset -25200; pool { allow unknown-clients; failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 86400; range 10.20.0.200 10.20.0.249; deny dynamic bootp clients; } host Server-myserver { option host-name "whatever.ourdomain.com"; hardware ethernet 00:89:D4:35:4F:13; fixed-address 10.20.0.23; } }

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  • Impact of the L3 cache on performance - worth a dual-processor system?

    - by Dan Nissenbaum
    I will be purchasing a new high-end system, and I would like to have a better sense of whether a dual-processor Xeon system (I am looking at the new, high-end Xeon E5-2687W) might, realistically, provide a noticeable performance improvement due to the doubling of the L3 cache (20 MB per CPU). (This is in addition to the occasional added advantage due to the doubling of cores and RAM.) My usage scenario is, roughly, that I have many background applications running at any time - 3 or 4 data compression/backup applications, a low-impact web server, one or two virtual machines at any given time (usually fairly idle), and perhaps 20 utility programs that utilize a noticeable (but small) portion of the CPU cores. In total, when I am not actively using the computer, about 25% of the total CPU power is utilized in my current i7-970 6-core (12 thread) system. When I am doing routine work, the CPU utilization often exceeds 50%, and occasionally hits 75%-80%. The Xeon E5-2687W is not only a second-generation i7 (so should improve performance for that reason), but also has 8 cores (16 threads), rather than 6 cores. For this reason, I expect to run into the 75% CPU range even less frequently. Nonetheless, the ability to double the cores and the RAM is a consideration. However, in the end, I believe this decision comes down to whether the doubling of the L3 cache will provide a noticeable improvement. There are many benchmarks, and a lot of discussion, regarding CPU power. However, I find very little discussion of L3 cache utilization, and how increases in the L3 cache (such as doubling it with dual processors) affect performance. For example: If there are only two processes running, but each benefits from a large L3 cache (such as might be the case for background processes that frequently scan the file system), perhaps the overall system performance might noticeably improve with dual CPU's - even if only a single core is active on each CPU - due to each process having double the effective L3 cache. I am hoping that someone has a sense of the benefits of increasing (or doubling) the L3 cache size. Note: the CPU I am considering (the Xeon E5-2687W) has 20 MB L3 cache, so a system with dual CPU's would have 40 MB L3 cache.

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  • Assign fixed IP address via DHCP by DNS lookup

    - by Janoszen
    Preface I'm building a virtualization environment with Ubuntu 14.04 and LXC. I don't want to write my own template since the upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 has shown that backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. Therefore I'm deploying my virtual machines via lxc-create, using the default Ubuntu template. The DNS for the servers is provided by Amazon Route 53, so no local DNS server is needed. I also use Puppet to configure my servers, so I want to keep the manual effort on the deployment minimal. Now, the default Ubuntu template assigns IP addresses via DHCP. Therefore, I need a local DHCP server to assign IP addresses to the nodes, so I can SSH into them and get Puppet running. Since Puppet requires a proper DNS setup, assigning temporary IP addresses is not an option, the client needs to get the right hostname and IP address from the start. Question What DHCP server do I use and how do I get it to assign the IP address based only on the host-name DHCP option by performing a DNS lookup on that very host name? What I've tried I tried to make it work using the ISC DHCP server, however, the manual clearly states: Please be aware that only the dhcp-client-identifier option and the hardware address can be used to match a host declaration, or the host-identifier option parameter for DHCPv6 servers. For example, it is not possible to match a host declaration to a host-name option. This is because the host-name option cannot be guaranteed to be unique for any given client, whereas both the hardware address and dhcp-client-identifier option are at least theoretically guaranteed to be unique to a given client. I also tried to create a class that matches the hostname like this: class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; fixed-address my-client-name.my-domain.com; } Unfortunately the fixed-address option is not allowed in class statements. I can replace it with a 1-size pool, which works as expected: subnet 10.103.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 { option routers 10.103.1.1; class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; } pool { allow members of "my-client-name"; range 10.103.1.2 10.103.1.2; } } However, this would require me to administer the IP addresses in two places (Amazon Route53 and the DHCP server), which I would prefer not to do. About security Since this is only used in the bootstrapping phase on an internal network and is then replaced by a static network configuration by Puppet, this shouldn't be an issue from a security standpoint. I am, however, aware that the virtual machine bootstraps with "ubuntu:ubuntu" credentials, which I intend to fix once this is running.

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  • unable to access a NAT'ed IP via a VPN on Windows 7

    - by crmpicco
    I connect to a range of servers hosted by one provider via a VPN. I can connect to the VPN fine, however when I then go and try and connect to the server(s) it fails. A NAT'ed IP address that has worked up until today, has stopped working either via SSH/SFTP. As you can see below, if I try and ping the IP then it responds with Destination host unreachable, but, for some reason it says the reply is from 192.168.0.8? If it enter this IP address in my browser, I get nothing. Where is this IP coming from and is there any good reason why I cannot access the IP I am trying to ping? C:\Users\crmpicco>ping 172.26.100.x Pinging 172.26.100.x with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.8: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.0.8: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.0.8: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.0.8: Destination host unreachable. Ping statistics for 172.26.100.x: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), I have the VPN remote host address of 80.75.67.x, which shows me as being connected. But i'm unsure if there is a config issue at the server side or my end that has caused this issue? I have had some recent Win7 (automatic) updates, but it's hard to tell if that's caused this problem. This is my output from arp: C:\Users\cmorton>arp -a Interface: 192.168.0.8 --- 0xe Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.0.1 00-18-4d-b9-68-5e dynami 192.168.0.6 00-f4-b9-68-0c-9a dynami 192.168.0.7 08-00-27-f2-9f-d6 dynami 192.168.0.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static Interface: 192.168.56.1 --- 0x15 Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.56.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static

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  • What is the best server or Ip address to use for prolonged testing?

    - by eldorel
    I usually run uptime/latency tests against (and from) two servers that we own at different sites and until recently I've used the google dns servers as a control group. However, I've realized there is a potential problem with monitoring latency over extended periods of time. Almost all of the major service providers are using ANYCAST. For short tests this doesn't matter, but I need to run a set of tests for at least a week to try and catch an intermittent problem, and a change in the anycast priority while trying to test latency will cause the latency values for that server to change accordingly. Since I'm submitting graphs of this data to the ISP, I need to avoid/account for as many variables as possible. Spikes in the data for only one of the tested servers will only cause headaches. So can anyone recommend servers that: are not using anycast are owned by an entity that has a good uptime reputation (so they can't claim that the problem is server-side) will respond to ICMP requests Have an available service that runs on TCP/UDP (http or dns preferably) Wont consider an automated request every 10 minutes to be abuse Are accessible from anywhere in the world Are not local to the isp ( consider this an investigation of a hostile party ) Thanks in advance. Edit: added #6 and #7 above. More info: I am attempting to demonstrate a network problem for an entire node of our local ISP's network. They are actively blaming the issue on the equipment installed at the customer sites (our backup site is one of these), and refuse to escalate the problem. (even though 2 of these businesses have ISP provided modems, and all of us have completely different routers/services running) I am already quite familiar with the need to test an isp controlled IP, but they are actively dropping all packets targeted at gateway ip addresses and are only passing traffic addressed beyond the gateways. So to demonstrate the issue, I am sending packets to other systems in the same node, systems one hop away from the affected node, and systems completely outside the network. Unfortunately, all of the systems I have currently are either administered directly by myself, or by people who are biased enough to assist me. I need to have several systems included in the trace/log/graphs that are 100% not in the control of either myself or the isp so that the graphs have a stable/unbiased control group. These requirements are straight from legal, I'm just trying to make sure that everything that could be argued to invalidate the data is already covered. In Summary: I need to be able to show tcp/udp/icmp as 3 separate data points, and I need to be able to show the connections inside the local node, from local node to another nearby node, from those 2 nodes to the internet, and through the internet to both verifiable servers and a control group that I have no control over whatsoever. Again, Google/opendns/yahoo/msn/facebook/etc all use anycast, which throws the numbers off every time the anycast caches expire, so I need suggestions of an IP or server that is available for this type of testing. I was hoping someone knew of a system run by someone such as ISC or ICANN, or perhaps even a .gov server (fcc or nsa maybe?) setup for this type of testing. Thanks again.

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  • 10.6.4 Apple Wiki: New just created users can do nothing?

    - by beefon
    Hello, After update to 10.6.4 there's an issue: any new users that I create in Server Prefs/WGM can't post to their blogs, comment, create wiki pages... They can't do anything! There's log from Wiki errors (when user DURAK tries to create new blog entry): [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last): [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/caldavd/lib/python/twisted/web/server.py", line 126, in process self.render(resrc) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/caldavd/lib/python/twisted/web/server.py", line 133, in render body = resrc.render(self) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_xmlrpc_server/WebAppServer.py", line 90, in render d = defer.maybeDeferred(function, *args) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/caldavd/lib/python/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 104, in maybeDeferred result = f(*args, **kw) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] --- <exception caught here> --- [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_xmlrpc_server/ContentServiceBase.py", line 121, in xmlrpc_addEntry aPage = ContentEntry.newBundleBasedContentEntry (path = path, content = content, author = author, title = title, uid = uid, type = kind, versioned = self.versioned, templateName = template) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_wlt/ContentEntry.py", line 794, in newBundleBasedContentEntry aPage.save('First created', 'created') [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_wlt/ContentEntry.py", line 445, in save revisions.addRevision(self.serializeEntry(revisionAttributes), inComment = comment, inAuthor = updateAuthor, inChangeType = editType) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_utilities/sqlitersion.py", line 36, in _func result = f(self, *args, **kwargs) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/usr/share/wikid/lib/python/apple_utilities/sqlitersion.py", line 49, in addRevision contentPlistStr = plistlib.writePlistToString(inContentDict).decode("utf-8") [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 110, in writePlistToString [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 94, in writePlist [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 251, in writeValue [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 280, in writeDict [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 238, in writeValue [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 171, in simpleElement [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] File "/S-m/Lib-ry/Fr-ks/Python.fr-k/Ver-s/2.6/lib/pyth-2.6/plistlib.py", line 221, in _escapeAndEncode [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] 'Unparseable html in page, removing whatever was already written.' [HTTPChannel,5,127.0.0.1] Removing /Library/Collaboration/Users/durak/weblog/27133.page Any "old" user CAN create, modify, comment, etc. What can you recommend to fix this issue? Hope for your help...

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  • Do hard drive enclosures fail/is it the HDD or enclosure?

    - by x0a
    I'm having a whole host of problems with an external hard drive that was working just fine a couple of hours ago. I've had this problem before once, and that was about 3 months ago, here's what I documented: So a couple of hours ago I turned off all my computers and shut off the power to all my devices in my room, then went and turned the power off at the main switch so I could change an outlet. A couple hours later, after I've already slowly turned everything back on, I go to my xbox to try and watch a movie and it can't seem to list any of the movies I've got. So I go to my desktop to find that my external hard drive isn't there.. even though it's on and connected. It's also stationary and hidden behind something so there's not a whole lot of tampering/physical wear to that external. I plug it into my laptop to try and see what's going on. It starts making this endless loud screeching noise. None of that clicking that's usually associated with hd damage. It's not listed in my computers, and it shows up in Disk Management as "uninitialized" asking me to choose between two different partition types. After carefully disconnecting it and connecting it back, it asks me to format it, which I cancel. I start googling about my issue, starting to accept the situation, torn as hell and helpless and just about ready to toss the thing. Suddenly the screeching stops, after almost 45 minutes of it going, and Disk Management lists the drive as "Online" and "Healthy". Explorer pops up with all my files! I'm still being really careful with it and weary and treating it as though it's in fragile shape. I've downloaded some S.M.A.R.T. software to read the values and everything is listed as "OK" . No reallocated sectors, no read errors, no seek errors. I also ran a quick self-test, which completed without error. Everything seems fine. It looks to be a perfectly healthy external hard drive. So what the hell was that about? Was it doing some sort of maintenance or self-test? How am I supposed to tell the difference? I would've undoubtedly killed the drive for sure if had it gone on a bit longer. I've got the same problem now, with one exception: it doesn't magically reappear after the screeching stops. Occasionally I manage to get some S.M.A.R.T. diagnostics information, which basically reads everything as fine. The only problem is that my HD isn't initializing (so I can't access anything in it). I'm able to successfully run a quick smart test but not an extended one (I've only tried it once but got conflicting indications as to whether it was actually making any progress or not (was stuck on Random read test). So, final question (if all else fails): Could the hard drive enclosure be failing rather than the HDD? Is this a likely possibility at all? How would I know?

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  • Pushing DNSSEC updates with offline keys

    - by eggyal
    In a non-professional capacity, I look after the DNS of some 18 domains: mostly personal/vanity domains for immediate family. I outsource the whole shebang to an inexpensive managed hosting provider with a web interface through which I manage the zones; since the provider also offers DNSSEC, I have successfully deployed that too. These domains are so unimportant that an attack targetted against them seems much less likely than a general compromise of my provider's systems, at which point the records of all their customers might be changed to misdirect traffic (perhaps with extremely long TTLs). DNSSEC could protect against such an attack, but only if the zone's private keys are not held by the hosting provider. So, I wonder: how can one keep DNSSEC private keys offline yet still transfer signed zones to an outsourced DNS host? The most obvious answer (to me, at least) is to run one's own shadow/hidden master (from which the provider can slave) and then copy offline-signed zonefiles to the master as required. The problem is that the only machine I (want to*) control is my personal laptop, which usually connects from a typical home ADSL (behind NAT over a dynamically-assigned IP address). Having them slave from that (e.g. with a very long Expiry time on the zone for periods when my laptop is offline/unavailable) would not only require a Dynamic DNS record from which they can slave (if indeed they can slave from a named host rather than a static IP address), but would also involve me running a DNS server on my laptop and opening both it and my home network up to the incoming zone transfer requests: not ideal. I would prefer a much more push-oriented design, whereby my laptop initiates transfer of offline-signed zonefiles/updates to the provider's servers. I looked into whether nsupdate could fit the bill: documentation is a little sketchy, but my testing (with BIND 9.7) suggests it can indeed update DNSSEC zones, but only where the server holds the keys to perform the zone signing; I have not found a way to have it take an update including the relevant RRSIG/NSEC/etc. records and have the server accept them. Is this a supported use-case? If not, I suspect the only solutions which could fit the bill will involve non-DNS-based transfer of the zone updates and would welcome recommendations that are supported by (hopefully inexpensive) hosting providers: SFTP/SCP? rsync? RDBMS replication? Proprietary API? Finally, what would be the practical implications of such a setup? Key rotation is jumping out at me as being an obvious difficulty, especially if my laptop is offline for extended periods. But the zones are extremely stable, so perhaps I could get away with long-lived ZSKs**...? * Whilst I could run a shadow/hidden master on e.g. an outsourced VPS, I dislike the overhead of having to secure / manage / monitor / maintain yet another system; not to mention the additional financial costs of so doing. ** Okay, this would enable a concerted attacker to replay outdated records—but the risk and impact of such are both tolerable in the case of these domains.

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  • Ubuntu 11.10 firewall/gateway - no client internet access

    - by Siriss
    I have read many other posts but cannot figure this out. eth0 is my external connected to a Comcast modem. The server has internet access with no issues. eth1 is internal and running DHCP for the clients. I have DHCP working just fine, all my clients can get an IP and ping the server but they cannot access the internet. I am using ISC-DHCP-SERVER and have set /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server to INTERFACE="eht1" Here is my dhcpd.conf file located in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; subnet 10.0.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.0.10.10 10.0.10.200; option routers 10.0.10.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; #OpenDNS # option domain-name "example.com"; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; authoritative; } I have made the *net.ipv4.ip_forward=1* change in /etc/sysctl.conf here is my interfaces file: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 auto eth1 And finally- here is my iptables.conf file: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE #-A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 59668 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.10.2:59668 COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.10.0/24 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -j ACCEPT #-A FORWARD -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -d 10.0.10.2 --dport 59668 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I am completely stuck. I cannot figure out why the clients cannot access the internet. Am I missing a service? Is a service not running? Any help would be greatly appreciated. I tried to be as thorough as possible but please let me know if I have missed something. Thank you!

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  • Problem installing build-essential and upgrading g++ on Ubuntu 8.04

    - by ehsanul
    I'm having some trouble with dependencies it seems, but myself don't really know how to resolve the issue. Here's the output: ~:) sudo apt-get install build-essential Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. Since you only requested a single operation it is extremely likely that the package is simply not installable and a bug report against that package should be filed. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: build-essential: Depends: g++ (>= 4:4.3.1) but 4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 is to be installed E: Broken packages ~:) sudo apt-get install g++ Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. Since you only requested a single operation it is extremely likely that the package is simply not installable and a bug report against that package should be filed. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: g++: Depends: cpp (>= 4:4.3.1-1ubuntu2) but 4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 is to be installed Depends: gcc (>= 4:4.3.1-1ubuntu2) but 4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 is to be installed Depends: g++-4.3 (>= 4.3.1-1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: gcc-4.3 (>= 4.3.1-1) but it is not installable E: Broken packages ~:) Edit: I just tried aptitude instead of apt-get, as suggested. Doesn't work, had other problems: ~:) sudo aptitude install build-essential [sudo] password for ehsanul: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Building tag database... Done The following packages are BROKEN: g++ g++-4.3 libstdc++6-4.3-dev The following packages have been automatically kept back: dpkg-dev fakeroot libdns35 libisc35 linux-libc-dev patch The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: libgmp3c2 libmpfr1ldbl The following packages have been kept back: adobe-flashplugin bind9-host dnsutils gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-fuse libatm1 libbind9-30 libgvfscommon0 libisccc30 libisccfg30 liblwres30 libnautilus-extension1 linux-headers-2.6.24-24 linux-headers-2.6.24-24-generic linux-image-2.6.24-24-generic nautilus nautilus-data The following NEW packages will be installed: libgmp3c2 libmpfr1ldbl The following packages will be upgraded: build-essential The following partially installed packages will be configured: timidity 2 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 24 not upgraded. Need to get 775kB/6265kB of archives. After unpacking 20.3MB will be used. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libstdc++6-4.3-dev: Depends: gcc-4.3-base (= 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) which is a virtual package. Depends: libstdc++6 (>= 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) but 4.2.4-1ubuntu4 is installed. g++-4.3: Depends: gcc-4.3-base (= 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) which is a virtual package. Depends: gcc-4.3 (= 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) which is a virtual package. Depends: libc6 (>= 2.8~20080505) but 2.7-10ubuntu4 is installed. g++: Depends: cpp (>= 4:4.3.1-1ubuntu2) but 4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 is installed. Depends: gcc (>= 4:4.3.1-1ubuntu2) but 4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 is installed. Depends: gcc-4.3 (>= 4.3.1-1) which is a virtual package. Resolving dependencies... The following actions will resolve these dependencies: Keep the following packages at their current version: build-essential [11.3ubuntu1 (hardy, now)] g++ [4:4.2.3-1ubuntu6 (hardy-updates, now)] g++-4.3 [Not Installed] libstdc++6-4.3-dev [Not Installed] Score is -9852 Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

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