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• ubuntu 10.04; kvm bridged networking not working with public ip addresses

  - by senorsmile

  I have a dedicated hosted server box with ubuntu 10.04 64 bit installed. I would like to run kvm with ubuntu 8.04 installed for some php 5.2 compatible apps(they don't work right with php 5.3, the default in ubuntu 10.04). I installed KVM as instructed at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation . I installed the vm using virt-manager. I never could figure out how use virt-install or any of those automated installers. I just installed it using the disc. I set up bridged networking as per https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Networking . However, the bridged connection doesn't work. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the host, running ubuntu 10.04. (with specific public ip blanked) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp on bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 10 ` Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the guest, running ubuntu 8.04. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xy netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa The two vm's can communicate to each other. But, the guest vm can't access anyone in the real world. Here's my /etc/libvirt/qemu/store_804.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>store_804</name> <uuid>27acfb75-4f90-a34c-9a0b-70a6927ae84c</uuid> <memory>2097152</memory> <currentMemory>2097152</currentMemory> <vcpu>2</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.12'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/store_804.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:26:0b:c6'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/> <sound model='es1370'/> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> </video> </devices> </domain> Any idea where I've gone wrong?

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• RAID controller dropping the wrong drive

  - by bramp

  I've been having an issue with 3ware 9500S-8 RAID 10, and I have contracted their tech support, but I wanted to hear the serverfault community's recommendations. Firstly, all my data is backuped and secure, so I don't mind blowing my RAID away if I have to. But let me describe the problem I've been seeing. A month ago, disk 6 dropped out of the RAID. It is mirrored with disk 7, so I wasn't that bothered. I went to the data centre and replaced it. When I got back to the office, I noticed that disk 6 will still not in the RAID, and in fact the controller was show the name of the old drive still. A week later I went back and replace the drive again, thinking I might have swapped in a bad drive. Still the same problem. I decided to reboot the machine, to see if that would "force" the controller into seeing the new drive. It did, and a rebuild started to happen (from disk 7). Eventually both drives were showing as good. A week later, the MySQL database has flagged the database is corrupt, and is unable to repair it. I don't know what has gone wrong, but I suspected this 6-7 pair. At this point I noticed that the RAID had constantly been verifying itself, over and over. Regardless of this I began to rebuild the database, which took about 19 hours. It's a big database. Near the end of the repair, the RAID controller told me it had dropped disk 7, and that some data was most likely corrupted. I contacted LSI tech support, and they very promptly started to help me. I mentioned that drive 7 had been dropped. They suspect that drive 7 was always at fault, and drive 6 had always been good. I want to know how often a RAID controller would drop the wrong drive (in this case dropping drive 6 a month ago, instead of 7). I foolishly didn't run smartctl on the drives before I started swapping them out. I just assumed the RAID controller knew what it was talking about. I think my plan of action is to replace drive 7, rebuild the array from scratch, double check smartctl on ALL the disks, and then start restoring my data again. I would appreciate anyone's input on what the correct procedure for swapping drives is, and how often failures like this happen. If anyone would like more information then I'd be happy to provide it. thanks in advance. Oh some more information. I'm running CentOS 5.3, with two RAID arrays, a simple RAID 1 for the OS, and RAID 10 for the database. Both arrays are on different controllers. The RAID 10 is made of 10 identical ST3640323AS drives, until I swapped in a SAMSUNG HD103SJ last month.

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• What *exactly* gets screwed when I kill -9 or pull the power?

  - by Mike

  Set-Up I've been a programmer for quite some time now but I'm still a bit fuzzy on deep, internal stuff. Now. I am well aware that it's not a good idea to either: kill -9 a process (bad) spontaneously pull the power plug on a running computer or server (worse) However, sometimes you just plain have to. Sometimes a process just won't respond no matter what you do, and sometimes a computer just won't respond, no matter what you do. Let's assume a system running Apache 2, MySQL 5, PHP 5, and Python 2.6.5 through mod_wsgi. Note: I'm most interested about Mac OS X here, but an answer that pertains to any UNIX system would help me out. My Concern Each time I have to do either one of these, especially the second, I'm very worried for a period of time that something has been broken. Some file somewhere could be corrupt -- who knows which file? There are over 1,000,000 files on the computer. I'm often using OS X, so I'll run a "Verify Disk" operation through the Disk Utility. It will report no problems, but I'm still concerned about this. What if some configuration file somewhere got screwed up. Or even worse, what if a binary file somewhere is corrupt. Or a script file somewhere is corrupt now. What if some hardware is damaged? What if I don't find out about it until next month, in a critical scenario, when the corruption or damage causes a catastrophe? Or, what if valuable data is already lost? My Hope My hope is that these concerns and worries are unfounded. After all, after doing this many times before, nothing truly bad has happened yet. The worst is I've had to repair some MySQL tables, but I don't seem to have lost any data. But, if my worries are not unfounded, and real damage could happen in either situation 1 or 2, then my hope is that there is a way to detect it and prevent against it. My Question(s) Could this be because modern operating systems are designed to ensure that nothing is lost in these scenarios? Could this be because modern software is designed to ensure that nothing lost? What about modern hardware design? What measures are in place when you pull the power plug? My question is, for both of these scenarios, what exactly can go wrong, and what steps should be taken to fix it? I'm under the impression that one thing that can go wrong is some programs might not have flushed their data to the disk, so any highly recent data that was supposed to be written to the disk (say, a few seconds before the power pull) might be lost. But what about beyond that? And can this very issue of 5-second data loss screw up a system? What about corruption of random files hiding somewhere in the huge forest of files on my hard drives? What about hardware damage? What Would Help Me Most Detailed descriptions about what goes on internally when you either kill -9 a process or pull the power on the whole system. (it seems instant, but can someone slow it down for me?) Explanations of all things that could go wrong in these scenarios, along with (rough of course) probabilities (i.e., this is very unlikely, but this is likely)... Descriptions of measures in place in modern hardware, operating systems, and software, to prevent damage or corruption when these scenarios occur. (to comfort me) Instructions for what to do after a kill -9 or a power pull, beyond "verifying the disk", in order to truly make sure nothing is corrupt or damaged somewhere on the drive. Measures that can be taken to fortify a computer setup so that if something has to be killed or the power has to be pulled, any potential damage is mitigated. Thanks so much!

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• Installer Reboots at "Detecting hardware" (disks and other hardware) on all recent Server Installs

  - by Ryan Rosario

  I have a very frustrating problem with my PC. I cannot install any recent version of Ubuntu Server (or even Desktop) since 9.04 even using the text-based installer. I boot from a USB stick created by Unetbootin (I also tried other methods such as startup disk creator with no difference). On the Server installer, it gets to "Detecting Hardware" (the second one about disks and all other hardware, not network hardware) and then either hangs at 0% (waited 24 hours), or reboots after a minute or two. My system (late 2007): ASUS P5NSLI motherboard Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 2.4Ghz 2 x 1GB Corsair 667MHz RAM nVidia GeForce 6600 I have unplugged everything (including the only hard disk, CD-ROMs and floppy). I have only one stick of RAM (tried each one to no avail) and am booting the installer from a USB stick (booting from CD-ROM yields the same problem). I also tried several of the boot options (nomodeset, nousb, acpi=off, noapic, i915.modeset=1/0, xforcevesa) in all combinations) to no avail. The only active parts of my system are the video card, mouse, keyboard and USB stick. I have also updated the BIOS to the most recent version. (FWIW, on the Desktop installer, I get a black screen after hitting the Install option.) Even after removing "quiet" I am unable to see what kernel panic is occurring (or not occurring) to cause the install to crash. I am only able to save the debug logs via a simple webserver in the installer. After the last line (I repeatedly refreshed), the server stops responding and the installer hangs or reboots: Jan 2 01:04:03 main-menu[302]: INFO: Menu item 'disk-detect' selected Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154372] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: version 3.5 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154409] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: Using SWNCQ mode Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154531] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.164442] scsi0 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167610] scsi1 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167762] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x9f0 ctl 0xbf0 bmdma 0xd400 irq 10 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167774] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x970 ctl 0xb70 bmdma 0xd408 irq 10 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167948] sata_nv 0000:00:0f.0: Using SWNCQ mode Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.168071] sata_nv 0000:00:0f.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.171931] scsi2 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173793] scsi3 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173943] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x9e0 ctl 0xbe0 bmdma 0xe800 irq 11 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173954] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x960 ctl 0xb60 bmdma 0xe808 irq 11 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.174061] pata_amd 0000:00:0d.0: version 0.4.1 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.174160] pata_amd 0000:00:0d.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.177045] scsi4 : pata_amd Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178628] scsi5 : pata_amd Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178801] ata5: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x1f0 ctl 0x3f6 bmdma 0xf000 irq 14 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178811] ata6: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x170 ctl 0x376 bmdma 0xf008 irq 15 Jan 2 01:04:04 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface eth0 Jan 2 01:04:04 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface lo Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.485062] ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.633094] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.641647] ata1.00: ATA-8: ST31000528AS, CC38, max UDMA/133 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.641658] ata1.00: 1953525168 sectors, multi 1: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.657614] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.657969] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST31000528AS CC38 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658482] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658588] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658812] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658823] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658918] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.675630] sda: sda1 sda2 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.676440] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk Jan 2 01:04:05 kernel: [ 309.969102] ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:05 kernel: [ 310.281137] ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Anybody have any additional ideas I could try? I am getting ready to just toss the motherboard.

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• Converting an Oracle VM VirtualBox VM into an Oracle VM Server image

  - by wim.coekaerts

  As we are working on tighter seemless moving of VM's between the 2 products, here are a few simple steps to convert an existing Oracle VM VirtualBox image over. Steps involved to make it easy/straightforward : (1) When creating a VM in Virtualbox, using Oracle Linux as an example, make sure that /etc/fstab only uses labels. Do not use hardcoded device names. instead of an entry /dev/sda1 /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 use LABEL=foo /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 for more info on labels : man e2label or use a logical volume /dev/VolGroup00/LVfoo /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 Doing so will make it easier to have an OS boot up on a different hypervisor with potentially different device names. For instance, the VirtualBox VM might expose a scsi driver while in Oracle VM Server you might end up with an ide disk, this then changes /dev/sda to /dev/hda. (2) If you have a VM created that you want to convert, then shut down the VM in VirtualBox and convert the image files : go the the directory that contains your HardDisk image files (.VirtualBox/HardDisks/* as an example) for each of the virtual disks run the following command : VBoxManage clonehd virtualdiskfilename.vdi system.img --format raw where virtualdiskfilename.vdi is the original VBox VM file (this can also be a vmdk file) and system.img is the name of the virtualdisk for Oracle VM. this can be any filename as well, I typically use system.img to specify the boot disk (as is common for Oracle VM template creation) (3) create a vm.cfg To run a VM converted from VirtualBox, you have to create a vm.cfg for Oracle VM server that creates an HVM guest. The easiest is to use a simple hvm vm.cfg and change it for your vm. I have an example here : acpi = 1 apic = 1 builder = 'hvm' device_model = '/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm' disk = ['file:system.img,hda,w', 'file:oracle.img,hdb,w',',hdc:cdrom,r',] kernel = '/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader' memory = '1024' name = 'vmname' on_crash = 'restart' on_reboot = 'restart' pae = 1 serial = 'pty' timer_mode = '0' usbdevice = 'tablet' vcpus = 1 vif = ['bridge=xenbr0,type=ioemu'] vif_other_config = [] vnc = 1 vncconsole = 1 vnclisten = '0.0.0.0' vncpasswd = '' vncunused = 1 If you take the above vm.cfg, all you need to do - modify disk = (add your virtual disks in there) - modify memory = (amount of memory your VM needs) - modify name = (enter a name for your VM here) - modify vif = (might want to replace bridge=xenbr0 to the bridge you want to use) if you want more than 1 vcpu or other changes of course you have to make those as well. (4) copy this set of files onto your Oracle VM server or onto a webserver in a subdirectory and import the template through Oracle VM Manager. You can also just start the vm using xm create vm.cfg if you like. And that's it. As I said, we are working on automation around all this but it is relatively trivial to convert VM's over as long as you take the basic issues into account. Primarily the set up of the filesystems and the use of labels in /etc/fstab. There are other potential things to look at, such as network config. If you want to make that part clean then prior to shutting down the VM change /etc/modprobe.conf and/or add the mac address of the VM into the vm.cfg in the vifs line. The good thing, at least with Linux, is that even tho the virtual hardware changes, Linux will deal with it just fine (e1000 vs 8139 realtek, ide vs scsi etc). hope this helps.

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• Using dd-wrt Dynamic DNS client with CloudFlare

  - by Roman

  I'm trying to configure Dynamic DNS client on my router with dd-wrt (v24-sp2) firmware so it would dynamically change IP address in one of the DNS records. Unfortunately I encountered a problem… Here is an example request from their ddclient configuration: https://www.cloudflare.com/api.html?a=DIUP&u=<my_login>&tkn=<my_token>&ip=<my_ip>&hosts=<my_record> It works if I use it in browser, but in dd-wrt I get this output: Tue Jan 24 00:36:47 2012: INADYN: Started 'INADYN Advanced version 1.96-ADV' - dynamic DNS updater. Tue Jan 24 00:36:47 2012: I:INADYN: IP address for alias '<my_record>' needs update to '<my_ip>' Tue Jan 24 00:36:48 2012: W:INADYN: Error validating DYNDNS svr answer. Check usr,pass,hostname! (HTTP/1.1 303 See Other Server: cloudflare-nginx Date: Mon, 23 Jan 2012 14:36:48 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Connection: close Expires: Sun, 25 Jan 1981 05:00:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Location: https://www.cloudflare.com/api.html?a=DIUP&u=<my_login>&tkn=<my_token>&ip=<my_ip>&hosts=<my_record> Vary: Accept-Encoding Set-Cookie: __cfduid=<id>; expires=Mon, 23-Dec-2019 23:50:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.cloudflare.com Set-Cookie: __cfduid=<id>; expires=Mon, 23-Dec-2019 23:50:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.www.cloudflare.com You must include an `a' paramiter, with a value of DIUP|wl|chl|nul|ban|comm_news|devmode|sec_lvl|ipv46|ob|cache_lvl|fpurge_ts|async|pre_purge|minify|stats|direct|zone_check|zone_ips|zone_errors|zone_agg|zone_search|zone_time|zone_grab|app|rec_se URL from "Location" works perfectly and parameter "a" is included. What's the problem?

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• Smart Array P400 - Accelerator Replacement Battery Failure

  - by inflammable

  TL;DR - Is the immediate failure of a replacement battery, for a failed battery, on a battery backed accelerator for a Smart Array P400 controller a common occurrence? Or are we likely to have an storage controller with an impending and critical fault? We have a slightly confusing situation with a Smart Array P400 storage controller with the 512mb battery backed accelerator addon on an HP DL380 server. The storage controller is (afaik) running the latest firmware and driver: Model: Smart Array P400 Controller Status: OK Firmware Version: 7.24 Serial Number: *snip* Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Number Of Ports: 2 The storage diagnostic (both on the both boot-up screen for the controller and within the 'Management Homepage' and the 'HP Array Diagnostic Utility') recently starting showing the following status a fault for the battery for the accelerator: Accelerator Status: Temporarily Disabled Error Code: Cache Disabled Low Batteries Serial Number: *snip* Total Memory: 524288 KB Read Cache: 25% Write Cache: 75% Battery Status: Failed Read Errors: 0 Write Errors: 0 We replaced the battery with a new unit (a visual inspection of the P400 card showing nothing unusual) and saw the same fault - but expected this to disappear over the course of a few hours/days as it charged. This didn't happy, and the fault status remains the same as above. Given the battery is a genuine part from HP, I wouldn't have expected a replacement battery to fail straight away, or to be dead-on-arrival (is that naivety on my part?). Is the immediate failure of a replacement battery, for a failed battery, on a battery backed accelerator a common occurrence? Or are we likely to have an storage controller with an impending and critical fault? Is there any diagnostic that could tell me more about the failed battery, without cracking the server open again? Many thanks!

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• flask, lighttpd with fastcgi can't get it to work

  - by kurojishi

  i'm tring to deploy a simple flask script to a lighttpd server with fastcgi. this is the configuration file for lighttpd builded using the flask documentation http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/deploying/fastcgi/#configuring-lighttpd server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_alias", "mod_compress", "mod_redirect", "mod_rewrite", "mod_fastcgi", ) server.document-root = "/var/www" server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/cache/lighttpd/uploads" ) server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" server.username = "www-data" server.groupname = "www-data" index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", " index.lighttpd.html" ) url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) var.home_dir = "/var/lib/lighttpd" var.socket_dir = home_dir + "sockets/" ## Use ipv6 if available #include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/use-ipv6.pl" dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" server.dir-listing = "enable" compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" compress.filetype = ( "application/x-javascript", "text/css", "text/html", "text/plain" ) include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/create-mime.assign.pl" include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/include-conf-enabled.pl" fastcgi.server = ("weibo/callback.fcgi" => (( "socket" => "/tmp/weibocrawler-fcgi.sock", "bin-path" => "/var/www/weibo/callback.fcgi", "check-local" => "disable", "max-procs" => 1 )) ) url.rewrite-once = ( "^(/weibo($|/.*))$" => "$1", "^(/.*)$" => "weibo/callback.fcgi$1" and this is the script i'm tring to run: #!/home/nrl/kuro/weiboenv/bin/python from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer from callback import app if __name__ == '__main__': WSGIServer(application, bindAddress='/tmp/weibocrawler-fcgi.sock').run() but i have this error testing the configuration file i get this error: 2013-07-02 17:15:42: (configfile.c.912) source: lighttpd.conf.new line: 52 pos: 1 parser failed somehow near here: weibo/callback.fcgi$1 when i remove the urlrewrite i get these errors in the log even if the daemon start: 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (log.c.166) server started 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (mod_fastcgi.c.1104) the fastcgi-backend fcgi.py failed to start: 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (mod_fastcgi.c.1108) child exited with status 2 fcgi.py 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (mod_fastcgi.c.1111) If you're trying to run your app as a FastCGI backend, make sure you're using the FastCGI-enabled version. If this is PHP on Gentoo, add 'fastcgi' to the USE flags. 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (mod_fastcgi.c.1399) [ERROR]: spawning fcgi failed. 2013-07-02 16:25:53: (server.c.938) Configuration of plugins failed. Going down.

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• Have set Expiration time: Still getting "Query string present but no explicit expiration time"

  - by oligofren

  I have one local Apache instance running with mod_cache (+ disk & mem) enabled, and it seems to cache content from my appserver fine. My app server sets Expiration headers and Last-modified. Yet, when deploying on a production server with the same modules enabled, I am getting the following error in my logs: blablabla not cached. Reason: Query string present but no explicit expiration time Any clues on why Apache is not caching content? The only difference is the Apache version. Locally I am running 2.2. This is from my config CacheRoot "/var/cache/apache2/" CacheEnable disk / This is example output < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2012 16:09:13 GMT < Server: Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v2.1.1 < X-Powered-By: Servlet/2.5 < Expires: Tue Nov 20 05:00:00 CET 2012 < Last-Modified: Mon Nov 19 17:09:13 CET 2012 < Cache-Control: no-transform < Content-Type: application/x-javascript < Transfer-Encoding: chunked

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• How does a web server/the http protocol handle version control and compression?

  - by Sune Rasmussen

  When a client browser requests a file from the web server, I know that some kind of check is performed, because the files needed to serve the web page may already be cached by the web browser. So, if a file exists in the cache, no files are sent. But if the file on the server has changed since the file was cached in the browser, the file is sent and updated anyhow. Then, if you have compression like gzipping enabled on the server, the files that are to be provided to the client must be gzipped on the way, requiring some amount of server side processing. But how is this managed? The logical approach seems to me, that the web server should have a cache as well, containing the newest version of all files that have been requested within a certain time span, thus a compressed version of these files, so that compression would not have to be done each time a files is requested. And also, how are files eventually requested? Does the browser ask for files, each time it encounters one in the HTML code and the specific file is not stored in the local cache, or does it sum all the files that are needed up and ask for the whole bunch at the same time? But that's only guessing from a programming point of view, and I don't really know. If the answers are very different among web server systems, I'm primarily interested in Apache, but other answers are appreciated, too.

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• Ubuntu virtual memory caches suck up memory

  - by Tom

  Hey all, I've got an Ubuntu 9.10 64-bit server that seems to use up all available memory. According to my munin graphs, almost all of the memory used up is in the swap cache, cache, and slab cache. (I take this to mean virtual memory caches, am I right in assuming this?) Once memory usage approaches 100%, some (although not all) system services such as SSH become sluggish and unresponsive. After rebooting the system, performance and memory usage become normal for a time. Some interesting tidbits: The system runs Apache 2, MySQL, Munin, and sshd. The memory usage spikes happen at the same time every night (at 10 PM sharp.) There appears to be nothing in the crontab for any of the users, and nothing in /etc/cron.d/* out of the ordinary, let alone something that would occur at 10 PM. My question is, how do I figure out what is causing the memory suckage? I've tried the usual utilities (e.g. ps, top, etc) but I can't seem to find anything unusual. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!

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• on debian, lighttpd apache2 using 80 port, lighttpd throws :address already use error

  - by user1960581

  I bought the linode(linode.com) server the other day. I've been trying to run lighttpd and apache2 at the same port, using lighttpd for static files. As linode is only providing ONE ipv4 address, I tried to bind lighttpd on the ipv6 address. That's where I got the same error each and very single time: can't bind to port [ipv6] 80 Address already in use. I tried bind the ipv4 address. Everything worked. Please help me, this is driving me nuts for the last two days. my lighttpd.conf file:(the ipv6 address isn't true) server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_alias", "mod_compress", "mod_redirect", # "mod_rewrite", ) server.document-root = "/var/www" server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/cache/lighttpd/uploads" ) server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" server.username = "www-data" server.groupname = "www-data" server.port = 80 server.bind = "2600:3c02::0000" server.use-ipv6 = "enable" #server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.lighttpd.html" ) url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" compress.filetype = ( "application/javascript", "text/css", "text/html", "text/plain" ) # default listening port for IPv6 falls back to the IPv4 port #include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/use-ipv6.pl " + server.port include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/create-mime.assign.pl" include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/include-conf-enabled.pl" ### ipv6 ### $SERVER["socket"] == "[2600:3c02::0000]:80" { # accesslog.filename = "var/log/lighttpd/ipv6/access.log" # server.document-root = "/var/www/" # server.error-handler-404 = "/index.php?error=404" } and the error message: can't bind to port, 2600:3c02::0000 Address already in use.

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• Apache reverse proxy: no protocol handler

  - by gonvaled

  I am trying to configure a reverse proxy with apache, but I am getting a No protocol handler was valid for the URL error, which I do not understand. This is the relevant configuration of apache: ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/ http://localhost:8000/services/ ProxyPassReverse /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/ http://localhost:8000/services/ The requests is reaching apache as: POST /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/EchoService.py HTTP/1.1 And they should be forwarded to my internal service, located at: 0.0.0.0:8000/services/EchoService.py These are the logs: ==> /var/log/apache2/error.log <== [Wed Jun 20 02:05:20 2012] [debug] proxy_util.c(1506): [client 127.0.0.1] proxy: http: found worker http://localhost:8000/services/ for http://localhost:8000/services/EchoService.py, referer: http://localhost/gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/JSONRPCExample.safari.cache.html [Wed Jun 20 02:05:20 2012] [debug] mod_proxy.c(998): Running scheme http handler (attempt 0) [Wed Jun 20 02:05:20 2012] [warn] proxy: No protocol handler was valid for the URL /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/EchoService.py. If you are using a DSO version of mod_proxy, make sure the proxy submodules are included in the configuration using LoadModule. [Wed Jun 20 02:05:20 2012] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 127.0.0.1] Zlib: Compressed 614 to 373 : URL /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/EchoService.py, referer: http://localhost/gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/JSONRPCExample.safari.cache.html ==> /var/log/apache2/access.log <== 127.0.0.1 - - [20/Jun/2012:02:05:20 +0200] "POST /gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/services/EchoService.py HTTP/1.1" 500 598 "http://localhost/gonvaled/examples/jsonrpc/output/JSONRPCExample.safari.cache.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.162 Safari/535.19"

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• Installing Linux on an Asus p8z68-m PRO Motherboard

  - by Holland

  Here is a challenge: how is this done? I've tried disabling the ASM1061 controller in the Onboard Devices section, using Wubi, booting from USB (as I don't have a DVD drive, yet), and even booting from RAID/IDE (with AHCI as the default) to do this. Still, no dice. Google shows up virtually nothing related about Linux and this mobo, apart from a people just saying "disable ASMedia" (which, I assume is the ASM1061 controller, as that's all I see - apart from the USB 3.0, which I disabled already) and it hasn't really helped much. Thus, what is wrong here? Edit My problem is that I cannot boot Linux via USB or a simple Windows installer such as Wubi (for Ubuntu). I wind up getting error messages along the lines of write cache failed, along with many other cryptic error messages similar to the following: [ 1400.351374] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Test WP failed, assume Write Enabled [ 1400.353433] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Asking for cache data failed [ 1400.356601] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through This seems to be common for Asus P8Z68-M Pro motherboards, with the only notable solution being to "disable ASMedia", which, as I said before, I'm guessing is the ASM1061 controller on the motherboard. Despite already disabling this, I have tried this with both Fedora and Ubuntu without any success. I need to know what I can do about this; has anyone ran into something similar or heard about this issue before? I know these motherboards are relatively new...

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• How do I repair the corrupted files found by sfc /scannow? "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them."

  - by galacticninja

  After running chkdsk C: /F /R and finding out that my hard disk has 24 KB in bad sectors (log is posted below), I decided to run Windows 7's System File Checker utility (sfc /scannow). SFC showed the ff. message after I ran it: "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them. Details are included in the CBS.Log windir\Logs\CBS\CBS.log." Since the CBS.log file is too large, I ran findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt" (as per Microsoft's KB 928228 article) to only get the log text pertaining to the corrupt files. (log is also posted below) How do I troubleshoot and repair the corrupted files mentioned by sfc /scannow? My OS is Windows 7, 64-bit. chkdsk log Checking file system on C: The type of the file system is NTFS. A disk check has been scheduled. Windows will now check the disk. CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)... 936192 file records processed. File verification completed. 25238 large file records processed. 0 bad file records processed. 4 EA records processed. 44 reparse records processed. CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)... 1051640 index entries processed. Index verification completed. 0 unindexed files scanned. 0 unindexed files recovered. CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)... 936192 file SDs/SIDs processed. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SII of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SDH of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused security descriptors. Security descriptor verification completed. 57725 data files processed. CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal... 36994248 USN bytes processed. Usn Journal verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)... 936176 files processed. File data verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying free space (stage 5 of 5)... 306238 free clusters processed. Free space verification is complete. Adding 1 bad clusters to the Bad Clusters File. Correcting errors in the Volume Bitmap. Windows has made corrections to the file system. 488282111 KB total disk space. 485595420 KB in 766458 files. 401856 KB in 57726 indexes. 24 KB in bad sectors. 1059863 KB in use by the system. 65536 KB occupied by the log file. 1224948 KB available on disk. 4096 bytes in each allocation unit. 122070527 total allocation units on disk. 306237 allocation units available on disk. Internal Info: 00 49 0e 00 81 93 0c 00 34 01 17 00 00 00 00 00 .I......4....... 6b 29 00 00 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 k)..,........... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ sfc /scannow log (through findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt") Note: The full log is at http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=gTEGZmWj . I've only quoted parts of the full log below (mostly from the last part), as the full log won't fit within the character limit for questions. I've added it to serve as a preview. ... 2013-12-28 19:37:50, Info CSI00000542 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:37:55, Info CSI00000544 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000545 [SR] Verifying 95 (0x000000000000005f) components 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000546 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000548 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000549 [SR] Repairing 43 (0x000000000000002b) components 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI0000054a [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction ... 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000730 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:62{31}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000733 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:30{15}]"frs-core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000736 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"gpmgmt-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000739 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:74{37}]"MediaServer-ASPAdmin-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:36{18}]"Ldap-Client-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073f [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"iSNS_Service-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000742 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"MediaServer-Multicast-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000745 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:78{39}]"Kerberos-Key-Distribution-Center-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000748 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:86{43}]"GroupPolicy-CSE-SoftwareInstallation-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074b [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:28{14}]"ieframe-dl.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-Snapin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000751 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:32{16}]"IPSec-Svc-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000754 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:22{11}]"HTTP-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000757 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:56{28}]"MediaServer-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075a [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"GPBase-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075d [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"IasMigPlugin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000760 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:50{25}]"International-Core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000762 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-WMI-Scripting, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000763 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000766 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:58{29},l:56{28}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem"\[l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000768 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll" of Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_MSIL (8), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000769 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:176{88}]"Microsoft-Windows-MediaCenter-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.MediaCenter" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:40{20}]"\??\C:\Windows\ehome"\[l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076e [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-WinRE-RecoveryTools, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076f [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000772 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000774 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml" of Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell-PreLoc.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000775 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:266{133}]"Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~en-US~6.1.7601.17514.Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Language-Pack" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000778 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:104{52}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\en-US"\[l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077a [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:18{9}]"hlink.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-HLink, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077b [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:18{9}]"hlink.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000780 [SR] Repair complete 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000781 [SR] Committing transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:19, Info CSI00000785 [SR] Verify and Repair Transaction completed. All files and registry keys listed in this transaction have been successfully repaired

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• Can't mount FAT32 drive under Ubuntu Linux

  - by Josh

  I have a 320GB USB drive with a single large FAT32 partition. The volume mounts perfectly fine on my Mac OS X 10.5.8 machine and Disk Utility on the mac reports no issues with the volume. I can read/write all data on the drive. However when I connect the drive to my Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic system, the partition does not mount. dmesg|tail says: [ 2752.334822] scsi3 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices [ 2752.335040] usb-storage: device found at 3 [ 2752.335044] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 2757.330301] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 2757.331005] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD 3200AAK External 1.65 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 2757.331772] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 2757.355647] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 2757.360737] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 2757.360749] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [ 2757.360755] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367618] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2757.367631] sdb: sdb1 [ 2762.797622] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 2762.797636] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 2822.866228] FAT: bogus number of reserved sectors [ 2822.866237] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. When I run fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 I get: root@cartman:~# fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 dosfsck 3.0.3, 18 May 2009, FAT32, LFN Logical sector size is zero. Googling "vfat Logical sector size is zero" produced no consensus as to the solution. I would prefer not to have to completely reformat the disk if possible because it contains about 280GB of data I would rather not have to find a temporary home for. Any suggestions?

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• DEB: "Provides:" field ignored

  - by Creshal

  I need to replace a package with a custom one, which gets its own name (foo-origpackage). To allow it to be used as drop-in replacement, I added the Provides: origpackage line to the control file. apt-cache show foo-origpackage lists the "Provides" entry just fine. However, when I want to install a file depending on origpackage, it fails ("Package origpackage not installed"). Is there some distinction between "real" and virtual packages I'm missing? EDIT: To be precise, what I want to replace is xen-utils-common for Squeeze. My tao-xen-utils-common has the following control file: Source: tao-xen-utils-common Section: kernel Priority: optional Maintainer: Creshal <[email protected]> Build-Depends: debhelper Standards-Version: 3.8.0 Homepage: http://tao.at Package: tao-xen-utils-common Architecture: all Depends: gawk, lsb-base, udev, xenstore-utils, tao-firewall Provides: xen-utils-common Conflicts: xen-utils-common Replaces: xen-utils-common Description: Xen administrative tools - common files (modified) The userspace tools to manage a system virtualized through the Xen virtual machine monitor. Modified for use with TAO Firewall. Installing xen-utils-4.0 fails, however: foo@bar# apt-cache showpkg tao-xen-utils-common Package: tao-xen-utils-common Versions: 4.0.0-1tao1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/repo.tao.at_dists_stable_main_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status) Description Language: File: /var/lib/apt/lists/repo.tao.at_dists_stable_main_binary-amd64_Packages MD5: 7c2503f563fca13b33b4eb3cbcb3c129 Reverse Depends: tao-firewall,tao-xen-utils-common tao-firewall,tao-xen-utils-common Dependencies: 4.0.0-1tao1 - gawk (0 (null)) lsb-base (0 (null)) udev (0 (null)) xenstore-utils (0 (null)) tao-firewall (0 (null)) xen-utils-common (0 (null)) xen-utils-common (0 (null)) Provides: 4.0.0-1tao1 - xen-utils-common Reverse Provides: foo@bar# apt-get install xen-utils-4.0 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xen-utils-common Suggested packages: xen-docs-4.0 The following packages will be REMOVED: tao-xen-utils-common The following NEW packages will be installed: xen-utils-4.0 xen-utils-common Edit:foo@bar# apt-cache policy xen-utils-4.0 xen-utils-4.0: Installed: (none) Candidate: 4.0.1-4 Version table: 4.0.1-4 0 500 http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ stable/main amd64 Packages 4.0.1-4 0 500 http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates/main amd64 Packages

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• Extend RAID 1 (HP SmartArray P410i) running Linux

  - by Oliver

  I took over a fairly simple server setup with the following RAID 1 config running Ubuntu 11.10 (Kernel 3.0.0-12-server x86_64): => ctrl all show config Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: removed) array A (SAS, Unused Space: 1335535 MB) logicaldrive 1 (279.4 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 1 TB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 1 TB, OK) Initially there were two 300GB disks that got replaced by 1TB disks and I now have to extend the logical volume to use that extra space. However, when trying to do so I get the following warning: => ctrl slot=0 ld 1 modify size=max Warning: Extension may not be supported on certain operating systems. Performing extension on these operating systems can cause data to become inaccessible. See ACU documentation for details. Continue? (y/n) Is it safe to say yes or am I at risk of corrupting the file system / loosing data? Rearranging and extending the file system afterwards shouldn't be an issue as I can take the server offline and boot from a gparted live disk. Here's the config of the RAID controller in use: => ctrl all show detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: removed RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 5.12 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: False Drive Write Cache: Disabled SATA NCQ Supported: True And the partition table: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 274GB 274GB primary ext4 boot 2 274GB 300GB 25.8GB extended 5 274GB 300GB 25.8GB logical linux-swap(v1)

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• performance wise htaccess

  - by purpler

  hese's the my htaccess template, i wonder if anything could be added to increase website performance.. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US ServerSignature Off FileETag None Header unset ETag Options -MultiViews #Options All -Indexes # Force the latest IE version or ChromeFrame <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> BrowserMatch MSIE ie Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie </IfModule> </IfModule> # Proxy X-UA Setup <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header append Vary User-Agent </IfModule> #Rewrites Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to non-WWW RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.(php|html)$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Caching ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 Header set Cache-Control "public" # 1 Year Long Cache <FilesMatch "\.(flv|fla|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|js|css|ttf|eot|woff|svg|svgz)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 </FilesMatch> # Proxy Caching <FilesMatch "\.(css|js|png)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Proper SVG serving AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # GZip Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(php|html|css|js|xml|txt|ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" > SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error page ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|ini|log|psd)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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• In spite of correct DNS, Exchange sending to wrong destination server for single outbound domain

  - by beporter

  My company uses an SBS 2003 server and makes use of Exchange to host our own email. We also have a linux server hosting domains for some of our clients. In order for us to send to those clients, we had internal DNS set up to shadow the client domains to provide "correct" MX records inside our network. For example, public DNS for a domain abc.com might point to 1.2.3.4, but internally we have MX records set up to route mail for abc.com to 172.16.0.4, which is the linux email server. This setup was entirely functional; this is just back story. We've recently moved one of our client domains from our internal linux server to an external email provider. When we did that, we naturally deleted our internal shadow DNS records so our Exchange server would fetch correct (public) DNS records and route mail out to the new external host. This has NOT had any effect on Exchange though. Even after rebooting the Exchange server and completely flushing the DNS cache (nslookups on the Exchange machine itself correctly resolve to the new external address) Exchange still attempts to deliver messages for the domain to our internal server! Exchange correctly routes to all other internal and external domains when sending email. Somehow Exchange is trying to deliver to a machine that by all accounts it has no business trying to use for just this one domain. Is there a DNS cache that Exchange uses internally? Is there a way to flush that internal cache? What else could I be missing?

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• preformance wise htaccess

  - by purpler

  hese's the my htaccess template, i wonder if anything could be added to increase website performance.. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US ServerSignature Off FileETag None Header unset ETag Options -MultiViews #Options All -Indexes # Force the latest IE version or ChromeFrame <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> BrowserMatch MSIE ie Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie </IfModule> </IfModule> # Proxy X-UA Setup <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header append Vary User-Agent </IfModule> #Rewrites Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to non-WWW RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.(php|html)$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Caching ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 Header set Cache-Control "public" # 1 Year Long Cache <FilesMatch "\.(flv|fla|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|js|css|ttf|eot|woff|svg|svgz)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 </FilesMatch> # Proxy Caching <FilesMatch "\.(css|js|png)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Proper SVG serving AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # GZip Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(php|html|css|js|xml|txt|ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" > SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error page ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|ini|log|psd)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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• ddclient to update namecheap subdomain?

  - by LF4

  I have a subdomain that I want to update with ddclient. I configured the ddclient to get the IP from dyndns but it's not updating the subdomain on namecheap. They said to use yourdomain.com as the login instead of my actual domain. Has anyone been able to get namecheap DNS updated with ddclient? I'm running CentOS 6.2 with ddclient 3.7.3. When I run ddclient I get the following. CONNECT: checkip.dyndns.org CONNECTED: using HTTP SENDING: GET / HTTP/1.0 SENDING: Host: checkip.dyndns.org SENDING: User-Agent: ddclient/3.7.3 SENDING: Connection: close SENDING: RECEIVE: HTTP/1.1 200 OK RECEIVE: Content-Type: text/html RECEIVE: Server: DynDNS-CheckIP/1.0 RECEIVE: Connection: close RECEIVE: Cache-Control: no-cache RECEIVE: Pragma: no-cache RECEIVE: Content-Length: 106 RECEIVE: RECEIVE: <html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: IPADD</body></html> Use of uninitialized value in string ne at /usr/sbin/ddclient line 1998. WARNING: skipping update of lf4bot from <nothing> to IPADD WARNING: last updated <never> but last attempt on Fri Jun 15 22:46:21 2012 failed. WARNING: Wait at least 5 minutes between update attempts. ddclient.conf File daemon=300 # check every 300 seconds syslog=yes # log update msgs to syslog mail=root # mail all msgs to root mail-failure=root # mail failed update msgs to root pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid # record PID in file. ssl=yes # use ssl-support. Works with use=web, web=checkip.dyndns.org/, web-skip='IP Address' # found after IP Address protocol=namecheap \ server=dynamicdns.park-your-domain.com \ login=yourdomain.com \ password=PASSWORD \ lf4bot

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• Squid: The request or reply is too large

  - by Ueli

  I have done a reverse proxy with an Apache in the background (on the same server). All works great but I can't open one page. I get the error "The request or reply is too large." In my cache.log contains: 2010/12/09 15:28:29| WARNING: http.c:971: HTTP header too large 2010/12/09 15:29:03| ctx: enter level 0: 'http://server/admin/cms/nav' 2010/12/09 15:29:03| httpProcessReplyHeader: Too large reply header 2010/12/09 15:29:03| ctx: exit level 0 In my squid.conf i disabled the limitations of the request and reply header, without success: reply_body_max_size 0 allow all request_body_max_size 0 Does someone know why that don't work? Thank you very much. Squid Version: Squid Cache: Version 2.7.STABLE3 configure options: '--prefix=/usr' '--exec_prefix=/usr' '--bindir=/usr/sbin' '--sbindir=/usr/sbin' '--libexecdir=/usr/lib/squid' '--sysconfdir=/etc/squid' '--localstatedir=/var/spool/squid' '--datadir=/usr/share/squid' '--enable-async-io' '--with-pthreads' '--enable-storeio=ufs,aufs,coss,diskd,null' '--enable-linux-netfilter' '--enable-arp-acl' '--enable-epoll' '--enable-removal-policies=lru,heap' '--enable-snmp' '--enable-delay-pools' '--enable-htcp' '--enable-cache-digests' '--enable-underscores' '--enable-referer-log' '--enable-useragent-log' '--enable-auth=basic,digest,ntlm,negotiate' '--enable-negotiate-auth-helpers=squid_kerb_auth' '--enable-carp' '--enable-follow-x-forwarded-for' '--with-large-files' '--with-maxfd=65536' 'amd64-debian-linux' 'build_alias=amd64-debian-linux' 'host_alias=amd64-debian-linux' 'target_alias=amd64-debian-linux' 'CFLAGS=-Wall -g -O2' 'LDFLAGS=' 'CPPFLAGS='

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• memory tuning with rails/unicorn running on ubuntu

  - by user970193

  I am running unicorn on Ubuntu 11, Rails 3.0, and Ruby 1.8.7. It is an 8 core ec2 box, and I am running 15 workers. CPU never seems to get pinned, and I seem to be handling requests pretty nicely. My question concerns memory usage, and what concerns I should have with what I am seeing. (if any) Here is the scenario: Under constant load (about 15 reqs/sec coming in from nginx), over the course of an hour, each server in the 3 server cluster loses about 100MB / hour. This is a linear slope for about 6 hours, then it appears to level out, but still maybe appear to lose about 10MB/hour. If I drop my page caches using the linux command echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, the available free memory shoots back up to what it was when I started the unicorns, and the memory loss pattern begins again over the hours. Before: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 5005376 2124868 0 113628 422856 -/+ buffers/cache: 4468892 2661352 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 After: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 4467144 2663100 0 228 11172 -/+ buffers/cache: 4455744 2674500 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 My Ruby code does use memoizations and I'm assuming Ruby/Rails/Unicorn is keeping its own caches... what I'm wondering is should I be worried about this behaviour? FWIW, my Unicorn config: worker_processes 15 listen "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn_socket", :backlog = 1024 listen 8080, :tcp_nopush = true timeout 180 pid "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" GC.respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly=) and GC.copy_on_write_friendly = true before_fork do |server, worker| STDERR.puts "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BEFORE FORK" print_gemfile_location defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.disconnect old_pid = "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # already killed end end File.open("#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.ok", "w"){|f| f.print($$.to_s)} end after_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.connect end Is there a need to experiment enforcing more stringent garbage collection using OobGC (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/OobGC.html)? Or is this just normal behaviour, and when/as the system needs more memory, it will empty the caches by itself, without me manually running that cache command? Basically, is this normal, expected behaviour? tia

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• What to look for in a switch with LAN/WAN verses an iSCSI SAN?

  - by Luke

  I'm setting up a VMWare ESXi 5 environment with 3 server nodes. Dell recommended 2x Force10 S60 switches shared (iSCSI SAN, LAN/WAN). The S60 switches are extremely powerful. They have 1.25 GB of buffer cache, < 9us latency. But they are very expensive (online price ~$15k per switch, actual quote a little less). I've been told that "by the book" you should at least have 2 internal switches for SAN, and 2 switches for LAN/WAN (each with a redundant). I know some of the pros and cons of each approach. What I'm wondering is, would it be more cost effective to disjoin the SAN from LAN with less expensive switches? The answer to this question highlights what I should be looking for in a switch for the SAN. What should I be looking for in a LAN/WAN switch, in comparison to the SAN? With the above linked question for the SAN: How is buffer latency measured? When you see 36 MB of buffer cache, is that shared or per port? So 36 MB would be 768kb or 36MB per port? With 3 to 6 servers how much buffer cache do you really need? What else should I be looking at? Our application will be heavily using HTML5 websockets (high number of persistent connections). The amount of data being sent is small; Data sent between client <- server isn't broadcasted (not a chat/IM service). We will be doing some database reporting too (csv export, sums, some joins). We are a small business and on a budget. We'd probably only be able to spend no more than $20k on switches total (2 or 4).

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