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• Do the 'up to date' guarantees provided by final field in Java's memory model extend to indirect ref

  - by mattbh

  The Java language spec defines semantics of final fields in section 17.5: The usage model for final fields is a simple one. Set the final fields for an object in that object's constructor. Do not write a reference to the object being constructed in a place where another thread can see it before the object's constructor is finished. If this is followed, then when the object is seen by another thread, that thread will always see the correctly constructed version of that object's final fields. It will also see versions of any object or array referenced by those final fields that are at least as up-to-date as the final fields are. My question is - does the 'up-to-date' guarantee extend to the contents of nested arrays, and nested objects? An example scenario: Thread A constructs a HashMap of ArrayLists, then assigns the HashMap to final field 'myFinal' in an instance of class 'MyClass' Thread B sees a (non-synchronized) reference to the MyClass instance and reads 'myFinal', and accesses and reads the contents of one of the ArrayLists In this scenario, are the members of the ArrayList as seen by Thread B guaranteed to be at least as up to date as they were when MyClass's constructor completed?

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• Best approach to cache Counts from SQL tables ?

  - by pixel3cs

  I would like to develop a Forum from scratch, with special needs and customization. I would like to prepare my forum for intensive usage and wondering how to cache things like User posts count and User replies count. Having only three tables, tblForum, tblForumTopics, tblForumReplies, what is the best approach of cache the User topics and replies counts ? Think at a simple scenario: user press a link and open the Replies.aspx?id=x&page=y page, and start reading replies. On the HTTP Request, the server will run an SQL command wich will fetch all replies for that page, also "inner joining with tblForumReplies to find out the number of User replies for each user that replied." select tblForumReplies.*, tblFR.TotalReplies from tblForumReplies inner join ( select IdRepliedBy, count(*) as TotalReplies from tblForumReplies group by IdRepliedBy ) as tblFR on tblFR.IdRepliedBy = tblForumReplies.IdRepliedBy Unfortunately this approach is very cpu intensive, and I would like to see your ideas of how to cache things like table Counts. If counting replies for each user on insert/delete, and store it in a separate field, how to syncronize with manual data changing. Suppose I will manually delete Replies from SQL.

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• Whether to put method code in a VB.Net data storage class, or put it in a separate class?

  - by Alan K

  TLDR summary: (a) Should I include (lengthy) method code in classes which may spawn multiple objects at runtime, (b) does doing so cause memory usage bloat, (c) if so should I "outsource" the code to a class that is loaded only once and have the class methods call that, or alternatively (d) does the code get loaded only once with the object definition anyway and I'm worrying about nothing? ........ I don't know whether there's a good answer to this but if there is I haven't found it yet by searching in the usual places. In my VB.Net (2010 if it matters) WinForms project I have about a dozen or so class objects in an object model. Some of these are pretty simple and do little more than act as data storage repositories. The ones further up the object model, however, have an increasing number of methods. There can be a significant number of higher level objects in use though the exact number will be runtime dependent so I can't be more precise than that. As I was writing the method code for one of the top level ones I noticed that it was starting to get quite lengthy. Memory optimisation is something of a lost art given how much memory the average PC has these days but I don't want to make my application a resource hog. So my questions for anyone who knows .Net way better than I do (of which there will be many) are: Is the code loaded into memory with each instance of the class that's created? Alternatively is it loaded only once with the definition of the class, and all derived objects just refer to that definition? (I'm not really sure how that could be possible given that, for example, event handlers can be assigned dynamically, but no harm asking.) If the answer to the first one is yes, would it be more efficient to write the code in a "utility" object which is loaded only once and called from the real class' methods? Any thoughts appreciated.

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• Segmentation Fault

  - by Biranchi

  Hi All, I have the following piece of code for getting the hostname and IP address, #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> /* This is the header file needed for gethostbyname() */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct hostent *he; if (argc!=2){ printf("Usage: %s <hostname>\n",argv[0]); exit(-1); } if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL){ printf("gethostbyname() error\n"); exit(-1); } printf("Hostname : %s\n",he->h_name); /* prints the hostname */ printf("IP Address: %s\n",inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr))); /* prints IP address */ } but i am getting a warning and segmentation fault as host.c: In function ‘main’: host.c:24: warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ What is the error in the code ?? Thanks

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• Caching vector addition over changing collections

  - by DRMacIver

  I have the following setup: I have a largish number of uuids (currently about 10k but expected to grow unboundedly - they're user IDs) and a function f : id - sparse vector with 32-bit integer values (no need to worry about precision). The function is reasonably expensive (not outrageously so, but probably on the order of a few 100ms for a given id). The dimension of the sparse vectors should be assumed to be infinite, as new dimensions can appear over time, but in practice is unlikely to ever exceed about 20k (and individual results of f are unlikely to have more than a few hundred non-zero values). I want to support the following operations efficiently: add a new ID to the collection invalidate an existing ID retrieve sum f(id) in O(changes since last retrieval) i.e. I want to cache the sum of the vectors in a way that's reasonable to do incrementally. One option would be to support a remove ID operation and treat invalidation as a remove followed by an add. The problem with this is that it requires us to keep track of all the old values of f, which is expensive in space. I potentially need to use many instances of this sort of cached structure, so I would like to avoid that. The likely usage pattern is that new IDs are added at a fairly continuous rate and are frequently invalidated at first. Ids which have been invalidated recently are much more likely to be invalidated again than ones which have remained valid for a long time, but in principle an old Id can still be invalidated. Ideally I don't want to do this in memory (or at least I want a way that lets me save the result to disk efficiently), so an idea which lets me piggyback off an existing DB implementation of some sort would be especially appreciated.

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• HIbernate 3.5.1 - can I just drop in EHCache 2.0.1?

  - by caerphilly

  I'm using Hibernate 3.5.1, which comes with EHCache 1.5 bundled. If I want to use the latest EHCache release (2.0.1), is it just a matter of removing the ehcache-1.5.jar from my project, and replacing with ehcache-core-2.0.1.jar? Any issues to be aware of? Also - is a cache "region" in the Hibernate mapping file that same as a cache "name" in the ehcache configuration xml? What I want to do is define 2 named cache regions - one for read-only reference entities that won't change (lookup lists etc), and one for all other entities. So in ehcache I want to define two elements; <cache name="readonly"> ... </cache> <cache name="mutable"> ... </cache> And then in my Hibernate mapping files, I will specify the cache to be used for each entity: <hibernate-mapping> <class name="lookuplist"> <cache region="readonly" usage="read-only"/> <property> ... </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping> Will that work? Some of the documentation seems to imply that a separate region/cache gets created for each mapped class... Thanks.

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• How to provide warnings during validation in ASP.NET MVC?

  - by Alex

  Sometimes user input is not strictly invalid but can be considered problematic. For example: A user enters a long sentence in a single-line Name field. He probably should have used the Description field instead. A user enters a Name that is very similar to that of an existing entity. Perhaps he's inputting the same entity but didn't realize it already exists, or some concurrent user has just entered it. Some of these can easily be checked client-side, some require server-side checks. What's the best way, perhaps something similar to DataAnnotations validation, to provide warnings to the user in such cases? The key here is that the user has to be able to override the warning and still submit the form (or re-submit the form, depending on the implementation). The most viable solution that comes to mind is to create some attribute, similar to a CustomValidationAttribute, that may make an AJAX call and would display some warning text but doesn't affect the ModelState. The intended usage is this: [WarningOnFieldLength(MaxLength = 150)] [WarningOnPossibleDuplicate()] public string Name { get; set; } In the view: @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name) @Html.WarningMessageFor(model => model.Name) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) So, any ideas?

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• Porting Perl to C++ `print "\x{2501}" x 12;`

  - by jippie

  I am porting a program from Perl to C++ as a learning objective. I arrived at a routine that draws a table with commands like the following: Perl: print "\x{2501}" x 12; And it draws 12 times a '?' ("box drawings heavy horizontal"). Now I figured out part of the problem already: Perl: \x{}, \x00 Hexadecimal escape sequence; C++: \unnnn To print a single Unicode character: C++: printf( "\u250f\n" ); But does C++ have a smart equivalent for the 'x' operator or would it come down to a for loop? UPDATE Let me include the full source code I am trying to compile with the proposed solution. The compiler does throw an errors: g++ -Wall -Werror project.cpp -o project project.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: project.cpp:38:3: error: ‘string’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:38:15: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘s’ project.cpp:39:3: error: ‘cout’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:39:16: error: ‘s’ was not declared in this scope #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) { if ( argc != 2 ) { fprintf( stderr , "usage: %s matrix\n", argv[0] ); exit( 2 ); } else { //std::string s(12, "\u250f" ); std::string s(12, "u" ); std::cout << s; } }

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• Design for fastest page download

  - by mexxican

  I have a file with millions of URLs/IPs and have to write a program to download the pages really fast. The connection rate should be at least 6000/s and file download speed at least 2000 with avg. 15kb file size. The network bandwidth is 1 Gbps. My approach so far has been: Creating 600 socket threads with each having 60 sockets and using WSAEventSelect to wait for data to read. As soon as a file download is complete, add that memory address(of the downloaded file) to a pipeline( a simple vector ) and fire another request. When the total download is more than 50Mb among all socket threads, write all the files downloaded to the disk and free the memory. So far, this approach has been not very successful with the rate at which I could hit not shooting beyond 2900 connections/s and downloaded data rate even less. Can somebody suggest an alternative approach which could give me better stats. Also I am working windows server 2008 machine with 8 Gig of memory. Also, do we need to hack the kernel so as we could use more threads and memory. Currently I can create a max. of 1500 threads and memory usage not going beyond 2 gigs [ which technically should be much more as this is a 64-bit machine ]. And IOCP is out of question as I have no experience in that so far and have to fix this application today. Thanks Guys!

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• Fastest reliable way for Clojure (Java) and Ruby apps to communicate

  - by jkndrkn

  Hi There, We have cloud-hosted (RackSpace cloud) Ruby and Java apps that will interact as follows: Ruby app sends a request to Java app. Request consists of map structure containing strings, integers, other maps, and lists (analogous to JSON). Java app analyzes data and sends reply to Ruby App. We are interested in evaluating both messaging formats (JSON, Buffer Protocols, Thrift, etc.) as well as message transmission channels/techniques (sockets, message queues, RPC, REST, SOAP, etc.) Our criteria: Short round-trip time. Low round-trip-time standard deviation. (We understand that garbage collection pauses and network usage spikes can affect this value). High availability. Scalability (we may want to have multiple instances of Ruby and Java app exchanging point-to-point messages in the future). Ease of debugging and profiling. Good documentation and community support. Bonus points for Clojure support. What combination of message format and transmission method would you recommend? Why? I've gathered here some materials we have already collected for review: Comparison of various java serialization options Comparison of Thrift and Protocol Buffers (old) Comparison of various data interchange formats Comparison of Thrift and Protocol Buffers Fallacies of Protocol Buffers RPC features Discussion of RPC in the context of AMQP (Message-Queueing) Comparison of RPC and message-passing in distributed systems (pdf) Criticism of RPC from perspective of message-passing fan Overview of Avro from Ruby programmer perspective

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• How do I retrieve twitter xml for Flash site via php properly

  - by daidai

  Am I using TwitterScript to retrieve Twitter data for inside a Flash site. Due to Twitter's crossdomain policy, I need to setup a php proxy... Firstly I made a simple one <?php $url = $_GET['url']; readfile($url); ?> but I then get this error URL file-access is disabled in the server configuration which is only resolved by getting my host to turn fopen() on, which I don't want to do. Then I found this <?php function get_content($url) { $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); ob_start(); curl_exec ($ch); curl_close ($ch); $string = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $string; } #usage: $url = $_GET['url']; $content = get_content ($url); var_dump ($content); ?> which solves that problem but the data now is the correct XML but looks like: string(39950) "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <statuses type="array"> <status> ... </statuses>" How do I get the XML data out of that string?

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• Method returns an IDisposable - Should I dispose of the result, even if it's not assigned to anythin

  - by mjd79

  This seems like a fairly straightforward question, but I couldn't find this particular use-case after some searching around. Suppose I have a simple method that, say, determines if a file is opened by some process. I can do this (not 100% correctly, but fairly well) with this: public bool IsOpen(string fileName) { try { File.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None); } catch { // if an exception is thrown, the file must be opened by some other process return true; } } (obviously this isn't the best or even correct way to determine this - File.Open throws a number of different exceptions, all with different meanings, but it works for this example) Now the File.Open call returns a FileStream, and FileStream implements IDisposable. Normally we'd want to wrap the usage of any FileStream instantiations in a using block to make sure they're disposed of properly. But what happens in the case where we don't actually assign the return value to anything? Is it still necessary to dispose of the FileStream, like so: try { using (File.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)); { /* nop */ } } catch { return true; } Should I create a FileStream instance and dispose of that? try { using (FileStream fs = File.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)); } ... Or are these totally unnecessary? Can we simply call File.Open and not assign it to anything (first code example), and let the GC dispose of it right away?

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• log activity. intrusion detection. user event notification ( interraction ). messaging

  - by Julian Davchev

  Have three questions that I somehow find related so I put them in same place. Currently building relatively large LAMP system - making use of messaging(activeMQ) , memcache and other goodies. I wonder if there are best practices or nice tips and tricks on howto implement those. System is user aware - meaning all actions done can be bind to particular logged user. 1. How to log all actions/activities of users? So that stats/graphics might be extracted later for analysing. At best that will include all url calls, post data etc etc. Meaning tons of inserts. I am thinking sending messages to activeMQ and later cron dumping in DB and cron analysing might be good idea here. Since using Zend Framework I guess I may use some request plugin so I don't have to make the log() call all over the code. 2.How to log stuff so may be used for intrusion detection? I know most things might be done on http level using apache mods for example but there are also specific cases like (5 failed login attempts in a row (leads to captcha) etc etc..) This also would include tons of inserts. Here I guess direct usage of memcache might be best approach as data don't seem vital to be permanantly persisted. Not sure if cannot use data from point 1. 3.System will notify users of some events. Like need approval , something broke..whatever.Some events will need feedback(action) from user, others are just informational. Wonder if there is common solutions for needs like this. Example: Based on occuring event(s) user will be notifed (user inbox for example) what happend. There will be link or something to lead him to details of thingy that happend and take action accordingly. Those seem trivial at first look but problem I see if coding it directly is becoming really fast hard to maintain.

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• App Crashing Inspite of Being ARC Enabled

  - by proctr

  I have been working on an iOS App for sometime now and its almost ready to submit. However, when I gave it to few people for testing purposes (running iOS 5)..they reported cases where the app crashes and the home screen is displayed on the phone OR a frozen app screen appears with no response whatsoever The app is ARC enabled and Xcode shows no warnings. So, I'm relli tensed about what's going wrong. I have declared properties in the following fashion: @property (nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *devCountLabel; @property (nonatomic) IBOutlet UIView *splashView; Likewise other properties are declared. Could anyone provide a solution ASAP. It is mainly a network based app and thus, CoreData usage is minimum.. Anyway, I'm running out of time..So Please provide a fix asap..oh and thanks a ton for it. PS: The App doesn't crash in the simulator, so I'm guessing it has something related to memory. And the crashes are random. So, repeating a set of steps to reproduce the crash doesn't help either. For Eg. When I click a button, modalViewControllerAnimation results in normal case. Now this occurs as expected most of the time and freezes the app other times.

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• Mercurial repository narrow clone?

  - by Berry Langerak

  Hi. I'm currently in the process of moving from Subversion to Mercurial, and I have to say I don't regret that decision. However, when trying to convert my project, I ran into a problem of Mercurial, which I can't seem to get fixed. I have two distinct projects: one is a framework, and the other is an application that relies on that framework. Here's what the repositories look like: The Framework repository: docs/ deploy/ lib/ tests/ The Application repository: application/ config/ lib/ tests/ www/ What I'd like is for the application's lib directory to contain a copy of the frameworks' lib/ directory. I used to do this using svn:externals. Now, I am aware that Mercurial supports the concept of subrepositories, but that doesn't seem like the "correct" solution, as it doesn't actually pull in the lib/ directory like I wanted, as you'll still have to pull and push changes manually. That, plus once you clone the framework repository, you'll get all of it, not just the lib/ directory. I only need the lib/ directory, not the tests, or the docs. Now, I thought up two different solutions to this problem, but I wonder which is the best. The first solution would be to clone the framework in a different directory altogether and create symlink in the application's lib/ directory which points to the framework's lib/ directory. Putting the symlink in .hgignore should make sure all is well, I think? That means that you could edit the frameworks code, and commit that, and you could edit the application's code and commit that, too. The other option is to have multiple repositories. The framework gets pulled as a whole, which means you'll get the docs/, deploy/, test/ etc. directories, which are not needed for usage of the framework. I thought maybe creating a repository purely for the library might be a solution, although I sincerely doubt it, as the Unit Tests are very dependant upon the library itself. Does anyone know a decent solution for this problem?

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• How to break out from nested doseqs

  - by fizbin

  Hi, I have a question regarding nested doseq loops. In the start function, once I find an answer I set the atom to true, so that the outer loop validation with :while fails. However it seems that it doesn't break it, and the loops keep on going. What's wrong with it? I am also quite confused with the usage of atoms, refs, agents (Why do they have different names for the update functions when then the mechanism is almost the same?) etc. Is it okay to use an atom in this situation as a flag? Obviously I need a a variable like object to store a state. (def pentagonal-list (map (fn [a] (/ (* a (dec (* 3 a))) 2)) (iterate inc 1))) (def found (atom false)) (defn pentagonal? [a] (let [y (/ (inc (Math/sqrt (inc (* 24 a)))) 6) x (mod (* 10 y) 10)] (if (zero? x) true false))) (defn both-pent? [a b] (let [sum (+ b a) diff (- a b)] (if (and (pentagonal? sum) (pentagonal? diff)) true false))) (defn start [] (doseq [x pentagonal-list :while (false? @found)] (doseq [y pentagonal-list :while (<= y x)] (if (both-pent? x y) (do (reset! found true) (println (- x y)))))))

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• C# Linq Select Problem in Method Chain.

  - by Gnought

  Note that the _src inherit IQueryable<U> and V inherit new(); I wrote the following statement, there is no syntax error. IQueryable<V> a = from s in _src where (s.Right - 1 == s.Left) select new V(); But if i re-wrote it as follows, the Visual Studio editor complains an error in the "Select" IQueryable<V> d = _src.Where(s => s.Right - 1 == s.Left).Select(s=> new V()); The Error is: The type arguments cannot be inferred from the usage. Try specifying the type arguments explicitly. Candidates are: System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<V> Select<U,V>(this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<U>, System.Func<U,V>) (in class Enumerable) System.Linq.IQueryable<V> Select<U,V>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<U>, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<System.Func<U,V>>) (in class Queryable) Could anyone explain this phenomenon, and what the solution is to fix the error?

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• My method is too specific. How can I make it more generic?

  - by EricBoersma

  I have a class, the outline of which is basically listed below. import org.apache.commons.math.stat.Frequency; public class WebUsageLog { private Collection<LogLine> logLines; private Collection<Date> dates; WebUsageLog() { this.logLines = new ArrayList<LogLine>(); this.dates = new ArrayList<Date>(); } SortedMap<Double, String> getFrequencyOfVisitedSites() { SortedMap<Double, String> frequencyMap = new TreeMap<Double, String>(Collections.reverseOrder()); //we reverse order to sort from the highest percentage to the lowest. Collection<String> domains = new HashSet<String>(); Frequency freq = new Frequency(); for (LogLine line : this.logLines) { freq.addValue(line.getVisitedDomain()); domains.add(line.getVisitedDomain()); } for (String domain : domains) { frequencyMap.put(freq.getPct(domain), domain); } return frequencyMap; } } The intention of this application is to allow our Human Resources folks to be able to view Web Usage Logs we send to them. However, I'm sure that over time, I'd like to be able to offer the option to view not only the frequency of visited sites, but also other members of LogLine (things like the frequency of assigned categories, accessed types [text/html, img/jpeg, etc...] filter verdicts, and so on). Ideally, I'd like to avoid writing individual methods for compilation of data for each of those types, and they could each end up looking nearly identical to the getFrequencyOfVisitedSites() method. So, my question is twofold: first, can you see anywhere where this method should be improved, from a mechanical standpoint? And secondly, how would you make this method more generic, so that it might be able to handle an arbitrary set of data?

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• Extensions methods and forward compatibilty of source code.

  - by TcKs

  Hi, I would like solve the problem (now hypothetical but propably real in future) of using extension methods and maginification of class interface in future development. Example: /* the code written in 17. March 2010 */ public class MySpecialList : IList<MySpecialClass> { // ... implementation } // ... somewhere elsewhere ... MySpecialList list = GetMySpecialList(); // returns list of special classes var reversedList = list.Reverse().ToList(); // .Reverse() is extension method /* now the "list" is unchanged and "reveresedList" has same items in reversed order */ /* --- in future the interface of MySpecialList will be changed because of reason XYZ*/ /* the code written in some future */ public class MySpecialList : IList<MySpecialClass> { // ... implementation public MySpecialList Reverse() { // reverse order of items in this collection return this; } } // ... somewhere elsewhere ... MySpecialList list = GetMySpecialList(); // returns list of special classes var reversedList = list.Reverse().ToList(); // .Reverse() was extension method but now is instance method and do something else ! /* now the "list" is reversed order of items and "reveresedList" has same items lake in "list" */ My question is: Is there some way how to prevent this case (I didn't find them)? If is now way how to prevent it, is there some way how to find possible issues like this? If is now way how to find possible issues, should I forbid usage of extension methods? Thanks.

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• Efficiently get the size of a parameter pack up to a certain index

  - by NmdMystery

  I want to be able to determine the number of bytes that are in a subset of a parameter pack from 0 to a given index. Right now I'm using a non-constexpr way of doing this. Below is my code: template <size_t index, typename... args> struct pack_size_index; template <size_t index, typename type_t, typename... args> struct pack_size_index <index, type_t, args...> { static const size_t index_v = index; static const size_t value(void) { if (index_v > 0) { return sizeof(type_t) + pack_size_index<index - 1, args...>::value(); } return 0; } }; template <size_t index> struct pack_size_index <index> { static const size_t index_v = index; static const size_t value(void) { return 0; } }; Usage: //output: 5 (equal to 1 + 4) std::cout << pack_size_index<2, bool, float, int, double>::value() << std::endl; //output: 20 (equal to 8 + 8 + 4) std::cout << pack_size_index<3, double, double, float, int>::value() << std::endl; This gets the job done, but this uses runtime comparison and the resulting executable increases in size rapidly whenever this is used. What's a less expensive way of doing this?

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• Coding the R-ight way - avoiding the for loop

  - by mropa

  I am going through one of my .R files and by cleaning it up a little bit I am trying to get more familiar with writing the code the r-ight way. As a beginner, one of my favorite starting points is to get rid of the for() loops and try to transform the expression into a functional programming form. So here is the scenario: I am assembling a bunch of data.frames into a list for later usage. dataList <- list (dataA, dataB, dataC, dataD, dataE ) Now I like to take a look at each data.frame's column names and substitute certain character strings. Eg I like to substitute each "foo" and "bar" with "baz". At the moment I am getting the job done with a for() loop which looks a bit awkward. colnames(dataList[[1]]) [1] "foo" "code" "lp15" "bar" "lh15" colnames(dataList[[2]]) [1] "a" "code" "lp50" "ls50" "foo" matchVec <- c("foo", "bar") for (i in seq(dataList)) { for (j in seq(matchVec)) { colnames (dataList[[i]])[grep(pattern=matchVec[j], x=colnames (dataList[[i]]))] <- c("baz") } } Since I am working here with a list I thought about the lapply function. My attempts handling the job with the lapply function all seem to look alright but only at first sight. If I write f <- function(i, xList) { gsub(pattern=c("foo"), replacement=c("baz"), x=colnames(xList[[i]])) } lapply(seq(dataList), f, xList=dataList) the last line prints out almost what I am looking for. However, if i take another look at the actual names of the data.frames in dataList: lapply (dataList, colnames) I see that no changes have been made to the initial character strings. So how can I rewrite the for() loop and transform it into a functional programming form? And how do I substitute both strings, "foo" and "bar", in an efficient way? Since the gsub() function takes as its pattern argument only a character vector of length one.

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• Good C++ array class for dealing with large arrays of data in a fast and memory efficient way?

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  Following on from a previous question relating to heap usage restrictions, I'm looking for a good standard C++ class for dealing with big arrays of data in a way that is both memory efficient and speed efficient. I had been allocating the array using a single malloc/HealAlloc but after multiple trys using various calls, keep falling foul of heap fragmentation. So the conclusion I've come to, other than porting to 64 bit, is to use a mechanism that allows me to have a large array spanning multiple smaller memory fragments. I don't want an alloc per element as that is very memory inefficient, so the plan is to write a class that overrides the [] operator and select an appropriate element based on the index. Is there already a decent class out there to do this, or am I better off rolling my own? From my understanding, and some googling, a 32 bit Windows process should theoretically be able address up to 2GB. Now assuming I've 2GB installed, and various other processes and services are hogging about 400MB, how much usable memory do you think my program can reasonably expect to get from the heap? I'm currently using various flavours of Visual C++.

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• [PHP/MySQL] How to create text diff web app

  - by Adam Kiss

  Hello, idea I would like to create a little app for myself to store ideas (the thing is - I want it to do MY WAY) database I'm thinking going simple: id - unique id of revision in database text_id - identification number of text rev_id - number of revision flags - various purposes - expl. later title - self expl. desc - description text - self expl . flags - if I (i.e.) add flag rb;65, instead of storing whole text, I just said, that whenever I ask for latest revision, I go again in DB and check revision 65 Question: Is this setup the best? Is it better to store the diff, or whole text (i know, place is cheap...)? Does that revision flag make sense (wouldn't it be better to just copy text - more disk space, but less db and php processing. php I'm thinking, that I'll go with PEAR here. Although main point is to open-edit-save, possiblity to view revisions can't be that hard to program and can be life-saver in certain situations (good ideas got deleted, saving wrong version, etc...). However, I've never used PEAR in a long-time or full-project relationship, however, brief encounters in my previous experience left rather bad feeling - as I remember, it was too difficult to implement, slow and humongous to play with, so I don't know, if there's anything better. why? Although there are bazillions of various time/project/idea management tools, everything lacks something for me, whether it's sharing with users, syncing on more PCs, time-tracking, project management... And I believe, that this text diff webapp will be for internal use with various different tools later. So if you know any good and nice-UI-having project management app with support for text-heavy usage, just let me know, so I'll save my time for something better than redesigning the weel.

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• A basic load test question

  - by user236131

  I have a very basic load test question. I am running a load test using VSTS 2008 and I have test rig with controller + 10 agents. This load test is against a SharePoint farm I have. My goal of the load test is to find out the resource utilization on web+app+db tiers of my farm for any given load scenario. An example of a load scenario is Usage profile: Average collaboration (as defined by SCCP) User Load: 500 (using step load pattern=a step of 50 every 2 mins and a warm up time of 2mins for every step) Think time: 0 Load duration: 8hrs Now, the question is: Is it fair to expect that metrics like Requests/sec, %processor time on web front end / App / DB, Test/sec, and etc become flat or enter a steady state at one point in time during the load test. Like I said, the goal is not to create a bottleneck but to only measure the utilization of resources by the above load profile. I am asking this question because I see something different. At one point in the load test, requests/sec becomes more or less flat. But processor utilization on the web/DB servers keeps increasing. After digging through the data a bit, I see that "tests running" counter also steadily increased over time. So, if I run the load test for more than 8hrs, %processor may go up further. This way, I don't know what to consider as the load excreted by the load profile. What does this "tests running" counter really signify? How is this different from tests/sec? Another question is: how can I find out why "tests running" counter shows an increase overtime? Thanks for your time

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• IS operator behaving a bit strangely

  - by flockofcode

  1) According to my book, IS operator can check whether expression E (E is type) can be converted to the target type only if E is either a reference conversion, boxing or unboxing. Since in the following example IS doesn’t check for either of the three types of conversion, the code shouldn’t work, but it does: int i=100; if (i is long) //returns true, indicating that conversion is possible l = i; 2) a) B b; A a = new A(); if (a is B) b = (B)a; int i = b.l; class A { public int l = 100; } class B:A { } The above code always causes compile time error “Use of unassigned variable”. If condition a is B evaluates to false, then b won’t be assigned a value, but if condition is true, then it will. And thus by allowing such a code compiler would have no way of knowing whether the usage of b in code following the if statement is valid or not ( due to not knowing whether a is b evaluates to true or false) , but why should it know that? Intsead why couldn’t runtime handle this? b) But if instead we’re dealing with non reference types, then compiler doesn’t complain, even though the code is identical.Why? int i = 100; long l; if (i is long) l = i; thank you

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