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  • Error in writting a class.

    - by Richard
    I am running through a tutorial online at http://www.sthurlow.com/python/lesson08/ and I believe I understand how classes work in python, at least to some degree but when I run this code: class Shape: def init(self,x,y): self.x = x self.y = y description = "This shape has not been described yet" author = "Nobody has claimed to make this shape yet" def area(self): return self.x * self.y def perimeter(self): return 2 * self.x + 2 * self.y def describe(self,text): self.description = text def authorName(self,text): self.author = text def scaleSize(self,scale): self.x = self.x * scale self.y = self.y * scale I get this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "Y:/python/Shape.py", line 1, in -toplevel- class Shape: File "Y:/python/Shape.py", line 17, in Shape self.y = self.y * scale NameError: name 'self' is not defined Any Help would be great Thanks Richard

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  • PIL saves image colour wrong

    - by Tom Viner
    I have an image. I want to resize it using PIL, but it come out like this. Even without a resize it still messes up the colour. Minimal code: from PIL import Image import os import urllib import webbrowser orig_url = 'http://mercedesclub.org.uk/images/stackoverflow-question/least-popular-colours-_-500-x-500.jpg' temp_fn, _ = urllib.urlretrieve(orig_url) im = Image.open(temp_fn) fn = os.tempnam() + '.jpg' im.save(fn) webbrowser.open(fn) I've tried Image.open(temp_fn).convert(format) with 'RGB', 'CMYK' and 'L' as formats, but still get weirdly coloured or grey results. When I load the image from my hard drive and I can see: >>>im.info {'adobe': 100, 'progression': 1, 'exif': 'Exif\x00\x00MM\x00*...\x7f\xff\xd9', 'adobe_transform': 100} >>>im.format 'JPEG' >>>im.mode 'CMYK' >>> im._getexif() {40961: 65535, 40962: 500, 40963: 500, 296: 2, 34665: 164, 274: 1, 305: 'Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh', 306: '2010:02:26 12:46:54', 282: (300, 1), 283: (300, 1)} Thanks and let me know if you need any more data.

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  • Matplotlib: plotting discrete values

    - by Arkapravo
    I am trying to plot the following ! from numpy import * from pylab import * import random for x in range(1,500): y = random.randint(1,25000) print(x,y) plot(x,y) show() However, I keep getting a blank graph (?). Just to make sure that the program logic is correct I added the code print(x,y), just the confirm that (x,y) pairs are being generated. (x,y) pairs are being generated, but there is no plot, I keep getting a blank graph. Any help ?

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  • not getting output from parmiko/ssh command

    - by Matt
    I am using paramiko/ssh/python to attempt to run a command on a remote server. When I ssh manually and run the command in question, I get the results I want. But if I use the python (co-opted from another thread on this site) below, there is no returned data. If I modify the command to be something more basic like 'pwd' or 'ls' I can then get the output. Any help is appreciated. Thanks, Matt import paramiko import time import sys, os, select import select username='medelman' password='Ru5h21iz' hostname='10.15.27.166' hostport=22 cmd='tail -f /x/web/mlog.txt' #works cmd='' #doesn't work client = paramiko.SSHClient() client.load_system_host_keys() client.connect(hostname=hostname, username=username, password=password) transport = client.get_transport() channel = transport.open_session() channel.exec_command(cmd) while True: rl, wl, xl = select.select([channel],[],[],0.0) if len(rl) 0: # Must be stdout print channel.recv(1024) time.sleep(1)

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  • Django: Summing values

    - by Anry
    I have a two Model - Project and Cost. class Project(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) url = models.URLField() manager = models.ForeignKey(User) class Cost(models.Model): project = models.ForeignKey(Project) cost = models.FloatField() date = models.DateField() I must return the sum of costs for each project. view.py: from mypm.costs.models import Project, Cost from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.db.models import Avg, Sum def index(request): #... return render_to_response('index.html',... How?

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  • Windows 7 - pydoc from cmd

    - by Random_Person
    Okay, I'm having one of those moments that makes me question my ability to use a computer. This is not the sort of question I imagined asking as my first SO post, but here goes. Started on Zed's new "Learn Python the Hard Way" since I've been looking to get back into programming after a 10 year hiatus and python was always what I wanted. This book has really spoken to me. That being said, I'm having a serious issue with pydoc from the command. I've got all the directories in c:/python26 in my system path and I can execute pydoc from the command line just fine regardless of pwd - but it accepts no arguments. Doesn't matter what I type, I just get the standard pydoc output telling me the acceptable arguments. Any ideas? For what it's worth, I installed ActivePython as per Zed's suggestion. C:\Users\Chevee>pydoc file pydoc - the Python documentation tool pydoc.py <name> ... Show text documentation on something. <name> may be the name of a Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted reference to a class or function within a module or module in a package. If <name> contains a '\', it is used as the path to a Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics', or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed. pydoc.py -k <keyword> Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules. pydoc.py -p <port> Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine. pydoc.py -g Pop up a graphical interface for finding and serving documentation. pydoc.py -w <name> ... Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current directory. If <name> contains a '\', it is treated as a filename; if it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents. C:\Users\Chevee> EDIT: New information, pydoc works just fine in PowerShell. As a linux user, I have no idea why I'm trying to use cmd anyways--but I'd still love to figure out what's up with pydoc and cmd. EDIT 2: More new information. In cmd... c:\>python c:/python26/lib/pydoc.py file ...works just fine. Everything works just fine with just pydoc in PowerShell without me worrying about pwd, or extensions or paths.

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  • SQL Server 2008 automated database drop, create and fill

    - by lox
    For the database in my project I have a drop/create script for the database, a script for creating tables and SPs and an Access 2003 .mdb file with some exported values. To set up the database from scratch I can use my SQL management studio to first run one script, then the other and lastly manually run the sort of tedious import task. But I would like to do this as automated as possible. Hopefully something like putting the three files in a folder along with a fourth script to execute. Looking something like: run script "dropcreate.sql" run script "createtables.sql" import "values.mdb" How is this done? I hope to avoid using SSIS and the like. The tricky this is of course the import of data, where I can't seem to find a simple way. It is also important that the files a left as they are and not embedded into anything.

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  • Writing good tests for Django applications

    - by Ludwik Trammer
    I've never written any tests in my life, but I'd like to start writing tests for my Django projects. I've read some articles about tests and decided to try to write some tests for an extremely simple Django app or a start. The app has two views (a list view, and a detail view) and a model with four fields: class News(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=250) content = models.TextField() pub_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) I would like to show you my tests.py file and ask: Does it make sense? Am I even testing for the right things? Are there best practices I'm not following, and you could point me to? my tests.py (it contains 11 tests): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.test import TestCase from django.test.client import Client from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse import datetime from someproject.myapp.models import News class viewTest(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.test_title = u'Test title: bareksc' self.test_content = u'This is a content 156' self.test_slug = u'test-title-bareksc' self.test_pub_date = datetime.datetime.today() self.test_item = News.objects.create( title=self.test_title, content=self.test_content, slug=self.test_slug, pub_date=self.test_pub_date, ) client = Client() self.response_detail = client.get(self.test_item.get_absolute_url()) self.response_index = client.get(reverse('the-list-view')) def test_detail_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the detail view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.status_code, 200) def test_list_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the list view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.status_code, 200) def test_list_numer_of_items(self): self.failUnlessEqual(len(self.response_index.context['object_list']), 1) def test_detail_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].title, self.test_title) def test_list_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].title, self.test_title) def test_detail_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].content, self.test_content) def test_list_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].content, self.test_content) def test_detail_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].slug, self.test_slug) def test_list_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].slug, self.test_slug) def test_detail_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_title) self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_content) def test_list_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_index, self.test_title)

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  • Correctly parsing an ATOM feed

    - by Joseph
    I currently have setup a Python script that uses feedparser to read a feed and parse it. However, I have recently come across a problem with the date parsing. The feed I am reading contains <modified>2010-05-05T24:17:54Z</modified> - which comes up in Python as a datetime object - 2010-05-06 00:17:54. Notice the discrepancy: the feed entry was modified on the 5th of may, while python reads it as the 6th. So the question is why this is happening. Is the ATOM feed (that is, the one who created the feed) wrong by putting the time as 24:17:54, or is my python script wrong in the way it treats it. And can I solve this?

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  • Chart for deciphering terms in different programming languages

    - by Nathan Adams
    This has been bugging me every since I started to use Python - in PHP you have this ability to use a string as a key in an array. PHP calls these associative arrays. Python calls these dictionaries. Does anyone know of a premade chart that will let me see what the different terminology is in different languages. For example: PHP             | Python Assosicative array | Dictionary

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  • Web application architecture, and application servers?

    - by seanieb
    Hi, I'm building a web application, and I need to use an architecture that allows me to run it on two servers. The application scrapes information from other sites periodically, and on input from the end user. To do this I'm using Php+curl to scrape the information, Php or python to parse it and store the results in a MySQLDB. Then I will use Python to run some algorithms on the data, this will happen both periodically and on input from the end user. I'm going to cache some of the results in the MySQL DB and sometimes if it is specific to the user, skip storing the data and serve it to the user. I'm think of using Php for the website front end on a separate web server, running the Php spider, MySQL DB and python on another server. As you can see I'm fairly clueless. I'm familiar with using Php, MySQL and the basics of Python, but bringing this all together using something more complex than a cron job is new to me. How do go about implementing this? What frame work(s) should I use? Is MVC a good architecture for this? (I'm new to MVC, architectures etc.) Is Cakephp a good solution? If so will I be able to control and monitor the Python code using it?

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  • Where can I find a good tutorial for py2exe?

    - by Manzabar
    Can somebody point me at a good tutorial for py2exe? I've read over the official tutorial but it is rather light on details, compared to all the options one can use when building an executable out of a python script. For the record, my python script uses Python 2.5.2, wxPython/wxWidgets 2.8 and MySQLdb 1.2.2; so if you have specific tips for py2exe with those packages that would be much appreciated (and yes, I've seen the Py2EXE and wxPython page).

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  • Counting entries in a list of dictionaries: for loop vs. list comprehension with map(itemgetter)

    - by Dennis Williamson
    In a Python program I'm writing I've compared using a for loop and increment variables versus list comprehension with map(itemgetter) and len() when counting entries in dictionaries which are in a list. It takes the same time using a each method. Am I doing something wrong or is there a better approach? Here is a greatly simplified and shortened data structure: list = [ {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'biscuits and gravy'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'peaches and cream'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'Abbott and Costello'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': True, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'over and under'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': True, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'Scotch and... well... neat, thanks'} ] Here is the for loop version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True key1 = key2 = 0 for dictionary in list: if dictionary["key1"]: key1 += 1 if dictionary["key2"]: key2 += 1 print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above: Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 Here is the other, perhaps more Pythonic, version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True from operator import itemgetter KEY1 = 0 KEY2 = 1 getentries = itemgetter("key1", "key2") entries = map(getentries, list) key1 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1]]) key2 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1] and x[KEY2]]) print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above (same as before): Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 I'm a tiny bit surprised these take the same amount of time. I wonder if there's something faster. I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple. One alternative I've considered is loading the data into a database and doing SQL queries, but the data doesn't need to persist and I'd have to profile the overhead of the data transfer, etc., and a database may not always be available. I have no control over the original form of the data. The code above is not going for style points.

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  • Building a ctypes-"based" C library with distutils

    - by Robie Basak
    Following this recommendation, I have written a native C extension library to optimise part of a Python module via ctypes. I chose ctypes over writing a CPython-native library because it was quicker and easier (just a few functions with all tight loops inside). I've now hit a snag. If I want my work to be easily installable using distutils using python setup.py install, then distutils needs to be able to build my shared library and install it (presumably into /usr/lib/myproject). However, this not a Python extension module, and so as far as I can tell, distutils cannot do this. I've found a few references to people other people with this problem: Someone on numpy-discussion with a hack back in 2006. Somebody asking on distutils-sig and not getting an answer. Somebody asking on the main python list and being pointed to the innards of an existing project. I am aware that I can do something native and not use distutils for the shared library, or indeed use my distribution's packaging system. My concern is that this will limit usability as not everyone will be able to install it easily. So my question is: what is the current best way of distributing a shared library with distutils that will be used by ctypes but otherwise is OS-native and not a Python extension module? Feel free to answer with one of the hacks linked to above if you can expand on it and justify why that is the best way. If there is nothing better, at least all the information will be in one place.

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  • Disable logging during manage.py test?

    - by Eric Palakovich Carr
    I utilize the standard python logging module. When I call python manage.py test I'd like to disable logging before all the tests are ran. Is there a signal or some other kind of hook I could use to call logging.disable? Or is there some other way to disable logging when python manage.py test is ran?

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  • How to add django modules to pydiction dictionary?

    - by speck
    I'm trying to use pydiction to autocomplete Python/Django statements in VIM Editor. When I try to add django modules to complete-dic using this: python pydiction.py /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django or: python pydiction.py /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/__init__.py I receive this error: Couldn't import: (...). Import by filename is not supported. Thanks! Pydiction: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=850

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  • Windows environment variables change when opening command line?

    - by Jakobud
    Sometimes when I change my environment variables in Windows, and then use software the depends on those variables, they are not properly updated. And good example is to change a variable, then open up Windows Command Line and echo the variable and see that it hasn't been changed, even though you properly changed it in the Environment Variables window. Another example I'm dealing with right now: I've been using Python 2.4.x for a while for a project, which uses the env var PYTHONPATH who's value has been: C:\Python24;C:\Python24\lib Today I installed Python 2.5.x for the project. I changed my PYTHONPATH to be: C:\Python25;C:\Python25\lib When I use Python 2.5 to run a script and do this: import sys print sys.path It prints: 'C:\\PYTHON24', 'C:\\PYTHON24\\lib' (and some other Python 2.5 related default installation paths) So clearly, the old PYTHONPATH environment variable changes aren't really sticking.... Does anyone know why this happens and how to fix it?

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  • zeromq installtion on mac os snow leopard

    - by Ashish
    I have installed zeromq 2.1.11 on mac os x using the steps given on http://www.zeromq.org/area:download Then i installed pyzmq (python bindings ) But i get the following error : import zmq Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module> import zmq File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/__init__.py", line 35, in <module> from zmq.utils import initthreads # initialize threads ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/utils/initthreads.so, 2): no suitable image found. Did find: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/utils/initthreads.so: no matching architecture in universal wrapper

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  • How do I fix this Django error "Exception Type: OperationalError Exception Value: no such table?"

    - by user319045
    I've finally installed all the requirements (so i think!) of a Django project, and I'm trying to get a local install running on my Mac (OSX 10.4). I'm getting the following error: Blockquote OperationalError at / no such table: django_content_type Request Method: GET Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Exception Type: OperationalError Exception Value: no such table: django_content_type Exception Location: /Users/Diesel/Desktop/DjangoWork/pinax-ev/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py in execute, line 170 Python Executable: /Users/Diesel/Desktop/DjangoWork/pinax-ev/bin/python Python Version: 2.5.1

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  • Macports and virtualenv site-packages Fallback

    - by Streeter
    I've installed django and python as this link suggested with macports. However, I'd like to use virtualenv to install more packages. My understanding is that if I do not pass in the --no-site-packages to virtualenv, I should get the currently installed packages in addition to whatever packages I install into the virtual environment. Is this correct? As an example, I've installed django through macports and then create a virtual environment, but I cannot import django from within that virtual environment: [streeter@mordecai]:~$ mkvirtualenv django-test New python executable in django-test/bin/python Installing setuptools............done. ... (django-test)[streeter@mordecai]:~$ pip install django-debug-toolbar Downloading/unpacking django-debug-toolbar Downloading django-debug-toolbar-0.8.4.tar.gz (80Kb): 80Kb downloaded Running setup.py egg_info for package django-debug-toolbar Installing collected packages: django-debug-toolbar Running setup.py install for django-debug-toolbar Successfully installed django-debug-toolbar Cleaning up... (django-test)[streeter@mordecai]:~$ python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import django Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named django >>> So I can install packages into the virtual environment, but it isn't picking up the global site-packages. Or am I not doing something correctly / missing something / misunderstanding how virtualenv works? I've got Mac OS 10.6 (Snow Leopard), have updated my macports packages and am using macports' python26 (via python_select python26).

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  • ahow can I resolve Django Error: str' object has no attribute 'autoescape'?

    - by Angelbit
    Hi have tried to create a inclusion tag on Django but don't work and return str' object has no attribute 'autoescape' this is the code of custom tag: from django import template from quotes.models import Quotes register = template.Library() def show_quote(): quote = Quotes.objects.values('quote', 'author').get(id=0) return {'quote': quote['quote']} register.inclusion_tag('quotes.html')(show_quote) EDIT: Quote class from django.db import models class Quotes(models.Model): quote = models.CharField(max_length=255) author = models.CharField(max_length=100) class Meta: db_table = 'quotes' quotes.html <blockquote id="quotes">{{ quote }}</blockquote>

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  • why does setting stderr=subprocess.STDOUT fix a subprocess.check_output call?

    - by ShankarG
    I have a python script running on a small server that is called in three different ways - from within another python script, by cron, or by gammu-smsd (an SMS daemon with the wonderful mobile utility [gammu]). The script is for maintenance and contained the following kludge to measure used space on the system (presumably this is possible from within Python, but this was quick and dirty): reportdict['Used Space'] = subprocess.check_output(["df / | tail -1 | awk '{ print $5; }'"], shell=True)[0:-1] Oddly enough this line would only fail when the script was called by a shell script running from gammu-smsd. The line would fail with a CalledProcessError exception saying "returned exit status 2", even though the output attribute of the CalledProcessError object contained the correct output. The only command in the sequence of shell commands that would give such an error status would be awk, with status 2 indicating a fatal error. If the python script with this line was called by cron, by another python script, or from the command line, this line would work fine. I broke my head trying to fix the environment for the script, thinking this must be the problem. Finally though I put in stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, like so: reportdict['Used Space'] = subprocess.check_output(["df / | tail -1 | awk '{ print $5; }'"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)[0:-1] This was a debug measure to help me figure out if some output was coming on stderr. But after this the script started working, even when called from gammu-smsd! Why might this be the case? I ask for future reference when using subprocess...

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  • Setting Up virtualenv with python2.6

    - by Zach
    I'm setting up a virtualenv, but it seems to be using python2.5 by default. I'm using this command virtualenv newenv --no-site-packages -p python because the python found on my path is python2.6. I believe this to be true because when I type python and go into the shell, it tells me it's 2.6. When I create the virtualenv with the above command and launch the shell, it tells me I'm in 2.5. Anyone else have this issue?

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  • Can anyone tell me why these lines are not working?

    - by user343934
    I am trying to generate tree with fasta file input and Alignment with MuscleCommandline import sys,os, subprocess from Bio import AlignIO from Bio.Align.Applications import MuscleCommandline cline = MuscleCommandline(input="c:\Python26\opuntia.fasta") child= subprocess.Popen(str(cline), stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=(sys.platform!="win32")) align=AlignIO.read(child.stdout,"fasta") outfile=open('c:\Python26\opuntia.phy','w') AlignIO.write([align],outfile,'phylip') outfile.close() I always encounter with these problems Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\Python26\muscleIO.py", line 11, in align=AlignIO.read(child.stdout,"fasta") File "C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\Bio\AlignIO_init_.py", line 423, in read raise ValueError("No records found in handle") ValueError: No records found in handle

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