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• Capabilities of business and SOHO routers

  - by Q8Y

  I'm currently studying for the CCNA certifications (especially for Cisco routers and configuration). I know that business routers provide more features than SOHO routers, the processing speed and RAM can be enough. Assume I need to connect a number of users through a network (accessing internet, share files, printers, ...). I have a high speed connection to the internet and I already applied QoS. How can I find out how many users such a single (SOHO) router could handle? In my case I'd attach to it multiple switches until I have the number of ports needed. Would everything work well and smoothly with 50 users? What about 300? At which point would I need a business router instead? If I implemented VLAN here, would it make any difference in the performance? When do I really need to use more than one router? (Both SOHO and business) I'm thinking that I may need them only if I want to increase the performance (instead of replacing the existing one) and if I have multiple locations, so in this situation I need to have multiple routers, right? Put differently: Is there is a need to have another router if my business all in one place?

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• SSL Handshake negotiation on Nginx terribly slow

  - by Paras Chopra

  I am using Nginx as a proxy to 4 apache instances. My problem is that SSL negotiation takes a lot of time (600 ms). See this as an example: http://www.webpagetest.org/result/101020_8JXS/1/details/ Here is my Nginx Conf: user www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; } upstream abc { server 1.1.1.1 weight=1; server 1.1.1.2 weight=1; server 1.1.1.3 weight=1; } server { listen 443; server_name blah; keepalive_timeout 5; ssl on; ssl_certificate /blah.crt; ssl_certificate_key /blah.key; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://abc; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } The machine is a VPS on Linode with 1 G of RAM. Can anyone please tell why SSL Hand shake is taking ages?

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• Disk usage on IIS, PHP5, performance problems.

  - by Jacob84

  Hi everybody, I'm quite worried with a performance problem that I'm facing in one of our production servers. I'm working for a hosting company, so you can imagine how heterogeneous the applications runnning here are. All started with a call of a client complaining about the speed loading a Joomla. The setup is IIS6 (Windows 2003) with PHP5 and FAST CGI wich normally works pretty well. I've tested the loading time and indeed, he was right. 7 or 8 seconds to load, when usually this can be accomplished in 2. Seeing this results, I started to check first CPU and RAM. Everithing normal, 2GB of RAM free, 3%-8% of CPU activity. That's what I call a relaxed server ;). Unfortunately, digging a little deeper I've found the 'PhysicalDisk' counters quite high (above 10), specially the read queues. I've used Process Explorer to see wich of those processes has the higher deltas, but everything seemed normal. As the problem is specially related to PHP pages, I've checked specific IIS counters, as Actual connections, Number of CGI requeriments and Number of ISAPI requeriments. CGI -> 3 to 7 ISAPI -> 5 to 9 Connections-> 90 to 120 (wich appears at the top of the graph) More than a solution (I know this is hard to find), I would like to know if you have an specifical methodology to face this kind of problems. Thanks a lot, as always.

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• Different external ip addresses from different sites

  - by user630286

  My router is ClearOS 6(Centos 6). In my router, I have two external (internet) network connections from two ISP's. The primary connection is eth2 connected to a cable modem and the second one is ppp0 connected to a dsl modem. I have assigned eth2 as the primary connection (with a high metric value). In fact this is done through clearos's multiwan web interface. I have a test in my Nagios to monitor whether the primary connection. This connection is done based on the result of curl ifconfig.me But it seems that ifconfig.me is always giving the ip address of my secondary connection. I tested it through a browser. Yes ifconfig.me gives the secondary internet's(ppp0) ip address. But whatismyipaddress.[com|org] give my primary ip address (eth2). I checked the default route on the router through ip route list 0/0 which also shows the primary connection (eth2) as the default route. The traceroute www.google.com and traceroute ifconfig.me both seems to trace through the primary connection (eth2). As our secondary internet connection has only got a limited download, I don't want to end up having to pay a large sum at the end of the month. Has somebody got an idea why the ifconfig.me shows my secondary address? What is the best way to ensure that my router(and thus the lan) use the right internet connection.

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• ACER ASPIRE V3-571G-9435 Fan not kicking in leading to overclocking

  - by brythespy

  This laptop has always had this problem. The temperatures kick up to the thermal ceiling of 99C for the CPU (i7-3610QM) and 94C for the GPU (GT 640M). Problem is, the FAN doesn't give a damn. It's actually QUIETER when the temperatures are that high, than when it's at 60C or so. I figured it was a problem with the BIOS, so I updated that, no change. So maybe it was a problem with windows? Nope, same result on gaming with Ubuntu. The major problem of this, is that after gaming for ten minutes the CPU throttles itself to 1197MHz(as opposed to 3193), and the GPU goes down to 135MHz( as opposed to 843MHz). The problem is that the fan won't kick in like I know it can, because when the laptop is in POST, like at BIOS setup, the fan is like a vacuum cleaner it's so loud! I don't really care about noise, so I'd love to have the fan like that all the time as long as the temperatures don't fly through the roof... So, things I've tried so far, to avoid possible duplicate answers. Checked for dust: It's been this way since the laptop was new, and I've since then taken it apart. No dust buildup. Background stuff running?: No, problem persists across OS'es, and it happens while gaming anyways Manually underclocking both CPU/GPU: Using windows, I can force the CPU to stay at 1.1GHz, but the temperature STILL easily hits 99C after 5 min of gaming Contacted Acer support?: No help at all. They told me to update and reset the BIOS, which I have done multiple times. There are only about 6 changeable things anyway, none of which should affect the FAN control Third party fan control program?: None detect the fan So, I'm screwed until I can afford to replace this laptop, but I am very satisfied with performance in games... Whenever the CPU/GPU aren't being throttled. Anyone that can offer advice to solve this problem would be greatly appreciated. Hell, if you solved my problem I'd send you some monies through paypal.

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• Is there a better way to do bonded vlan tagged interfaces with XEN

  - by AJ01

  We have a number of XEN servers all running CentOS or RHEL. The VM's that they run are all required to be on their own VLAN for no other reason than the customer expects them to be. Long story short however, I can't change this right now. We are also required to have bonding enabled on the interfaces. So to accommodat this we enslave eth1 and eth2 to bond0. We then create a seperate interface called bond0.VLANID where VLANID corresponds to the correct vlan; eg ifcfg-bond0.204 DEVICE=bond0.204 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes VLAN=yes BRIDGE=xenvlan204 Bridge to XEN As you will see, we eventually have to bridge this out to XEN, and we do this by adding another interface called xenvlan204 (in this instance) which contains; ifcfg-xenvlan204 DEVICE=xenvlan204 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes TYPE=bridge XEN Vm Config Finally in our XEN config for each VM, we add vif = [ "bridge=xenvlan204" ] This then allows the vm host to access that particular vlan The Problem We've noticed a few problems with this setup. One being that we currently create the interfaces manually. Which means if we add more vlan enabled interfaces and bridges we usually have to restart xend which is something I'm not so hot about. Also lower level staff have their heads melted by the number of interfaces and the risk of a mistake occurring is high. Secondly, it can take sometime for a host to come up if it has a number of vlan taged interfaces. Thirdly, its just not scaling well on the management aspects The Question Is there a better more flexible way to do this (in particular with Xen that ships with centos 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5 as we have to support all three) that leverages either scripting or other solutions to allow an arbitrary amount of interfaces to be created when a vm is instanced. Your advise and expertise is more that welcomed.

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• Intermittent Trouble Entering Hibernate on WinXP

  - by kquinn

  My personal desktop, running 32-bit Windows XP SP2 (with 4GB RAM, 2.75GB addressable, swap disabled, hiberfil.sys existing and contiguous on C:\; SP3 is not installed because SP2 has been working fine and I do not want to re-qualify with SP3 just for sheer perversity) typically gets hibernated at night. For a long time this worked great, but recently the machine has had trouble entering hibernation. Sometimes when I press my power button (configured to hibernate), the box will start the procedure for hibernating (i.e., go to the blue "Windows XP" background logo and display a message about entering hibernation), but before displaying the usual blue-on-black hibernation progress bar it will drop back to the desktop. No error messages appear, on screen or in the system log. The only record of unsuccessful hibernation attempts in the system log, which proudly proclaims that "The Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) service entered the running state." once per failed hibernation attempt. The problem is almost certainly resource related: if I then close one or more applications which are running, and repeat the exact same process, the machine will hibernate perfectly. There does not appear to be a reliable high-water mark for virtual or physical memory use, below which the machine is guaranteed to hibernate; it's different every time (though typically, below about 1.1–1.4 GB memory usage seems to be where hibernate succeeds most often). Memory may not even be the relevant resource; as far as I know, it could also be handles or sockets. This behavior is relatively recent: it has only started in the last few months; before then, I could hibernate reliably no matter what the current resource use of the system. This machine claims to have hotfix Q909095 installed, but since the symptoms of my problem match KB909095 rather well, I'm suspicious if this fix is actually working as intended. Any ideas on how to fix this or where to start debugging?

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• Google Chrome is running my system out of memory

  - by jasondavis

  I am running Windows 7 x64 with 12GB of RAM I often have multiple windows and a ton of tabs open. I use the extension Session Buddy to restore all my windows and tabs once the memory gets too high. So my 12gb of ram will get up to around 93% used because of Chrome, now I can close chrome down and restore the same amount of windows and tabs and it will only use about 25% of memory, it then over time increases back up to the 90% zone after several hours. It seems that when I close tabs, instead of freeing that memory up, it doesn't so that is why the huge increase of memory usage as new tabs are opened and closed it just adds up, this sounds like a huge bug in chrome. Just for an example I just re-booted my system, I only have 1 window with 4 tabs open and in the task manager, it shows 29 chrome.exe processes I then killed all chrome processes and opened a chrome window with just 1 tab, it made 27 chrome.exe processes. Is this an issue that others have? More importantly, is there a fix? UPDATE I just read that each plugin and extension creates a chrome.exe process, I then couunted 24 extensions so that helps explain a portion of the large processes. Still not sure about memory not being freed up though!

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• Ubuntu 10.10 forgets desktop theme.

  - by Marcelo Cantos

  I am running Ubuntu in VirtualBox (on a Windows 7 host). Several times now, the top-level menu bar, the task bar — and seemingly every system dialog — have forgotten the out-of-the-box "Ambiance" theme they conform to when I first installed the system. Window captions still preserve the theme, but pretty much nothing else does. I have searched high and low on Google for assistance with this problem. Everything I've found suggests either running some gconf reset or deleting .gconf* .gnome* and other similar directories. I have followed all this advice and nothing works. I still get a boring Windows-95-style gray 3D look and feel. On previous occasions, after much messing around I've given up and rebooted the VM instance, and been pleasantly suprised to see the original "Ambience" theme restored throughout the UI, but invariably it disappears again some time later, usually after a reboot, so I can never figure out what I did that broke it. Here's a sample from Ubuntu's site of what I want it to look like. And here's a screenshot of my system as it currently looks. Also note that my GNOME Terminals normally have a nice purple semi-translucent look, and as can be seen from the screenshot, they are now just a solid matt white. This last time (just this morning), trying numerous combinations all the usual tricks and rebooting several times hasn't fixed it, so here I am on SU wondering: How do I recover the out-of-the-box theme for my Gnome/Ubuntu desktop, noting that blowing away all config files — as suggested in many places online — fails to achieve this? EDIT: It might help to know that it seems to fail either after I resize the VM instance, forcing the Ubuntu desktop to resize itself, or after I play around with Compiz settings. I haven't been able to figure out which of these it is, and it could be neither. Given the amount of pain I have had to go through to get things back to normal (and given that I am at a loss as to how to do so), it has proven difficult to definitively isolate the cause.

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• Find slow network nodes between two data centers

  - by 2called-chaos

  I've got a problem with syncing big amount of data between two data centers. Both machines have got a gigabit connection and are not fully occupied but the fastest that I am able to get is something between 6 and 10 Mbit = not acceptable! Yesterday I made some traceroute which indicates huge load on a LEVEL3 router but the problem exists for weeks now and the high response time is gone (20ms instead of 300ms). How can I trace this to find the actual slow node? Thought about a traceroute with bigger packages but will this work? In addition this problem might not be related to one of our servers as there are much higher transmission rates to other servers or clients. Actually office = server is faster than server <= server! Any idea is appreciated ;) Update We actually use rsync over ssh to copy the files. As encryption tends to have more bottlenecks I tried a HTTP request but unfortunately it is just as slow. We have a SLA with one of the data centers. They said they already tried to change the routing because they say this is related to a cheap network where the traffic gets routed through. It is true that it will route through a "cheapnet" but only the other way around. Our direction goes through LEVEL3 and the other way goes through lambdanet (which they said is not a good network). If I got it right (I'm a network intermediate) they simulated a longer path to force routing through LEVEL3 and they announce LEVEL3 in the AS path. I basically want to know if they're right or they're just trying to abdicate their responsibility. The thing is that the problem exists in both directions (while different routes), so I think it is in the responsibility of our hoster. And honestly, I don't believe that there is a DC2DC connection which only can handle 600kb/s - 1,5 MB/s for weeks! The question is how to detect WHERE this bottleneck is

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• Why are certain folders in my XP network share really, really slow?

  - by bikefixxer

  I have a workgroup set up with Windows XP. My file "server" is running XP Pro and the clients are running XP home. I've turned simple file sharing off on the server because certain clients need access to certain folders and not to others, and I want to keep it that way. Therefore, I've used the granular sharing/security settings to enable certain clients access to certain folders. I'm using the net use command in a batch file on the clients to add the share when they logon so it's always available via a mapped drive or a shortcut. On some clients "My Documents" points to the mapped drive, but all of the local and application settings stay local. Everything works well except for accessing a certain folder on the network. It contains a lot of random batch files and self-executable programs I use for diagnostics and what not, and nearly every time I open the folder the computer hangs for 15-60 seconds. This happens on every machine, including the server (but not nearly as often as the clients). I've searched high and low and cannot figure it out and it's driving me crazy. Here are all the things I've tried to no avail: Disabled firewall (XP) and anti-virus (ESET NOD32) Deleted any desktop.ini file I can find in the share Disabled "automatically search for network folders and printers" Disabled "remember each folder's view settings" Set HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer NoRecentDocsNetHood = 1 Tried with mapped drives and with UNC shortcuts Ran CHKDSK Removed Read-Only attribute from all folders (well, tried to remove, it always came back on with a half check) Added the server's static IP to the hosts file on the clients I've tried monitoring the server's performance to see if anything makes sense. Occasionally the issue coincides with a spike in pages/sec (memory) but not always. Other than that, everything else seems normal. The anti-virus would seem to be the most likely cause to me considering the batch files and what not, but it still hangs when it is completely disabled. I'm at a loss and if anyone can help me with this I'd greatly appreciate it!

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• Docking Station Sound Doesn't Work on Dell D830 with Windows 7

  - by cisellis

  EDIT: I can only mark one answer as the correct one but the actual solution was a combination of two comments (updating the BIOS to A15 AND installing the Sigmatel audio drivers). I have a Dell Latitude D830 laptop that is running Windows 7 Enterprise x64. I connect to a docking station during the day with multiple monitors, a keyboard and a mouse. Everything runs with no problems including most of the docking station ports (usb, monitors, etc.) However, the sound port from the docking station does not work since the upgrade to Windows-7. Even with the laptop plugged in, the sound always comes out of the laptop, not the headphones plugged into the docking station. Here's what I've tried: I've seen other issues like via Google this that seem to be mostly unanswered. I found one or two that referenced using the Vista x64 drivers, especially the Nvidia drivers. I do not have an Nvidia chipset but I've reinstalled the sound drivers and that has not helped. I don't have a support contract and considering the cost is usually high to call Dell, that's not an option. Dell's forums are pretty much a wasteland and I've found no help there. Since this is a docking station I thought I might need to try the SATA or Intel chipset drivers from the dell site instead, however I'm not really sure and I need to work on this laptop in the meantime. I can't really afford the downtime to experiment with random drivers all day in case they turn out to be incompatible (Dell still hasn't added Windows 7 to their support site as far as I can tell). Does anyone have any other ideas? Has anyone had this issue and solved it? If so, how? Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Improve wireless performance

  - by djechelon

  Hello, I have a Trust Speedshare Turbo Pro router, which is running on channel 6. I found that the wireless signal (and network performance) dramatically drops from my PDA (I can barely attach to the network, even if I set the PDA's energy settings to maximum wireless performance) when I even exit my room, and I don't have shielded walls or something like that. I can't even stream a SD video from my desktop (connected via LAN) to my laptop using WiFi, while via LAN it works fine. I read that changing router's channel could improve performance due to interference reducing. I found that almost all wireless networks around here run on channels 6 and 11. I tried to go to my router's settings page to change channel, but I found that the combo box only allows me to select 6!! I'm not sure, but I may have been able in the past to change channel, though not to all of the available channels. A few minutes ago I tried a firmware upgrade, but it didn't solve my problem. My question is Is it possible that my router is someway locked to its channel? I bought it on my own, I didn't receive it from my ISP Apart from boosting the antenna power to the maximum (which, by the way, increases the EM radiation my and my family's bodies absorb 24/7 and is little more environment-unfriendly), do you have any tips on getting high quality transmission up to 5 metres from the antenna? Thank you

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• No sound out of headphone port on laptop

  - by Thanatos

  I cannot get sound out of the headphone port on a laptop. Headphones are plugged in, and sound comes out of the internal speakers. Windows behaves normally (sound switches to headphones when headphones are inserted). It did work in Linux at one point, but something changed, we're just not sure what. Rebooting doesn't fix. This appears to occur whether or not PulseAudio is running. Things I've tried: Rebooting. No effect. Booting into Windows. It works properly, so probably not a hardware issue. All of alsamixer. My only controls are this: "Master" Volume bar & mutable, unmuted. Controls volume. "PCM" Volume bar only. 100%. "S/PDIF" Mutable only, currently muted, has no effect. "S/PDIF" Default PCM", Mutable only, currently unmuted, has no effect. Killing PulseAudio. No effect. (It also won't stay dead! Something appears to be restarting it, and I can't tell what, but it is annoying as fuck.) alsactl init 0, no effect. sudo rm -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state, no effect. General system info: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Toshiba Satellite T135D-S1324 lspci says I have: 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller Some edits: Yes, the headphones are in all the way. This works in Windows: You plug headphones in, the internal speakers stop making noise, and noise comes out the head phones. Windows says I only have two sound cards: the HDMI port (which I don't care about) and the "sound card", which it claims is a "Conexant Pebble High Definition SmartAudio" In Windows, both the internal speakers and the headphone jack show up as one soundcard, which in my experience, is typical. (This is a laptop)

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• Nvidia GTX 660m crashes games

  - by dcap

  I just recently bought a Lenovo y580 with both HD intel graphics and an Nvidia GTX 660m. It works great except for one thing: playing games. Every time I load a game, either with Steam or Games for Windows Live, games will end up crashing. I've already talked with lenovo tech support and they couldn't help other than send my new laptop for repair which would take 7 days. So before I do that I thought I'd ask around. These are the games I've tested and what happens when they load: Civilization V: Game loads fine but once it gets loaded to the game, there's noticeable "tearing" popping up and certain things flash. Within a minute of this, the game crashes. Does the same thing regardless if Vsync is on or off. Total War Shogun2: Game gets to the menu screen. The background of the menu screen shows what is expected - slideshow of in-game environments rendered on high settings (this is expected). However, within 2 seconds of the menu loading up it crashes. Age of Empires 3 (Non-steam): This game is several years old so it should work on this brand new laptop fine. However the results are similar to that of Civilization V. Noticeable "Tearing" and after a few seconds it'll freeze/crash. I've done tests on all these games with both the latest stable Nvidia driver 285 as well as the nightly build 307. In addition, Nvidia control panel is set on using the dedicated graphics card for all programs. So is there anything I can do to fix this or will I have to send it back for a week to tech support?

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• Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

  - by adrianmcmenamin

  I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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• 3000 videos songs... some are loud in voice & some low.. I want to make them equal (equal in volume only)

  - by Mister.9

  I have thousands Video flv/avi files, which are all songs only. Some of them are high in volume and some are low. Every time the song ends I have to up or down the volume at once..to escape my ears ruined by headphones... and by woofers, save my life from my neighbor sleeping after hard-earning all the day long. :-( Any idea to make all files sound equal? Does such kind of application/software exist? Any converter that may convert all audio files into same volume? I know iTunes has sound-check option but can it convert? If I want to write CDs, does any burner have the feature like this, to burn in equal sound? If yes, suggest something for me... For, I am really really worried... It would be a great help..... Hoping your kind reply, Thanks in advance! (I am I am John.martin188@yahoo for having mails also in this regard)

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• Postfix : outgoing mail in TLS for a specific domain

  - by vercetty92

  I am trying to configure postfix to send mail in TLS (starttls in fact), but only for a specific destination. I tried with "smtp_tls_policy_maps". This is the only line in my main.cf file regarding TLS configuration, but it seems not working. Here is my main.cf file: queue_directory = /opt/csw/var/spool/postfix command_directory = /opt/csw/sbin daemon_directory = /opt/csw/libexec/postfix html_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/html manpage_directory = /opt/csw/share/man sample_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/samples readme_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/README_FILES mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail sendmail_path = /opt/csw/sbin/sendmail newaliases_path = /opt/csw/bin/newaliases mailq_path = /opt/csw/bin/mailq mail_owner = postfix setgid_group = postdrop mydomain = ullink.net myorigin = $myhostname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost masquerade_domains = vercetty92.net alias_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases alias_database = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases transport_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/transport smtp_tls_policy_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy inet_interfaces = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 relayhost = smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 And here is my "tls_policy" file: gmail.com encrypt protocols=SSLv3:TLSv1 ciphers=high I also tried gmail.com encrypt My wish is to use TLS only for the gmail domain. With this configuration, I don't see any TLS line in the source of the mail. But if I tell postfix to use TLS if possible for all destination with this line, it works: smtp_tls_security_level = may Beause I can see this line in the source of my mail: (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); But I don't want to try to use TLS for the others domains...only for gmail... Do I miss something in my conf? (I also try whith "hash:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy", and it's the same) Thanks a lot in advance

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• Apache using 100% CPU, once again

  - by CBenni

  Recently, apache2 started using 100% of CPU power: top gives me From other, similar threads, I took the tip to use mod_status. Aside from HUGE amounts of NULL requests, it gives: CPU Usage: u2.16 s1.32 cu0 cs0 - .0835% CPU load 1.2 requests/sec - 17.6 kB/second - 14.6 kB/request 8 requests currently being processed, 42 idle workers The access and error logs do not show anything surprising or intriguing at all. Note the .8% CPU usage. Another tip was to use strace: root@server:~# strace -p 1956 Process 1956 attached - interrupt to quit restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted call ...> And remains like this for at least half an hour, without producing any additional output. Restarting apache fixed the problem for less than a second The server runs a few custom python scripts aswell as a django-powered website on apache2 (up-to-date), but even turning the scripts off (or not having them active in the first place) did not change anything. After I stopped apache and powered my server off, powered it on a few minutes afterwards and restarted all my services, the CPU usage remained low for several hours, just in order to pop up again randomly (?) The DigitalOcean CPU stats on my server are: You can see how the CPU usage was super high for almost half a day until I restarted the bot - just to remain stable for several hours and then pop up again. I am completely at a loss of words and don't know what I could do to find out what piece of my code is giving me these problems or if apache itself is the cause... Therefore I would greatly appreciate any hints to the questions: What else can I try to do? Which things might I not have checked? Is this definitely in my own code? How do you find what part of python code crashes an app via a infinite loop or similar?

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• VMWare Workstation 8 Disk I/O & Hard Faults

  - by Scott

  I have VMWare Workstation 8 installed on a host machine with the following specs: Intel i5 2500k CPU 16GB DDR3 1600 ram 1TB Western Digital Caviar Black HD I have two Windows 7 virtual machines configured (currently running one at a time but will be operating both at once when my 32GB RAM kit arrives in a couple days). Each one is configured with 8GB of RAM and no tweaks/performance customizations or anything done. All of the VMWare settings are the defaults. When I boot into these machines and run various programs (Visual Studio, Outlook, etc), I can hear the disk thrashing quite a bit and checking Resource Monitor, I can see that I'm getting anywhere between 300-800 hard faults per second. From the host machine, it shows they're coming from the VMWare image. If I go to the virtual machine, whatever app I'm currently loading is the image that's causing the hard faults. As I understand it, hard faults are (simply) when an address in memory has been swapped out to the page file and has to be read from the page file instead of from memory. I don't understand why this is happening though. With 8GB of ram on the guest machine and 6.5GB available, what could be causing this? I know Windows 7 supposedly improved on page file management over XP but it seems excessive for this kind of slowdown, disk thrashing and high hard fault count when I have that much free RAM. Is there anything I can to to improve the performance in my guest machines? On the host machine, I can open/run any applications at all and hard faults stays around 0 with low disk I/O.

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• What does opening a serial port do?

  - by reve_etrange

  What does opening the standard PC serial port do, in electrical terms (i.e. what voltages on which pins)? For example, the ancient VB6 program which controls an apparatus I am tasked with maintaining toggles .PortOpen to control some TTL. The connection only used 2 pins (bad solders fell apart), so which pins do I solder to? The only labels / documentation refer to pins 7 and 9, saying 0V and 5V parenthetically, but does .PortOpen really just put 5V between RI and RTS?. As a post script, this isn't the weirdest thing about the set up. The TTL I referred to above also connects to an instrument via a BNC to DB9 (!), with only 1 pin used. I guess there was an assumption about a common ground, since the BNC shielding isn't connected to the GND pin? The connection is to the instrument's 'foot pedal' pin, it was a way to remotely trigger the device. Update According to this page, the DTR and RTS pins can go high when the port is opened. If they were so configured, they will subsequently go low when the port is closed. If DTR and RTS are not enabled, opening the port should set both to low (and keep them low).

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• Raspberry pi slows down my entire network

  - by gnusouth

  Whenever my Raspberry Pi is connected to the network (via ethernet) the entire network is slowed to a crawl. On my main computer, ping times for google.com go from ~10ms to ~200ms and it takes forever to load web pages. Connections are also slow on the Pi, with an apt-get update showing pathetic speeds in the order of 1KB/s. Turning off the Pi completely removes the drag from the network. I've tried static and dynamic IP addresses for the Pi, but both have the same problems. I'm currently using Raspbian (downloaded today), but also had this problem with Arch Linux. I've checked the connection's duplex with dmesg | grep -i duplex, which shows that the Pi's connection is running at 100Mbps, full-duplex, as expected. My modem/router is a Billion 7404VNPX (an Australian thing); relatively high-end, albeit a bit buggy at times (it will occassionally delete all its firewall settings). It assigns IPs in the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.20 and has 192.168.1.254 as its own IP. When I assign static IPs I tend to use the 192.168.1.200 area. Does anyone have any idea as to what could be causing this weird slowdown? Or any tests I could try? Thanks

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• Redirection of outbound UDP port NTP.

  - by pboin

  For my residential service, I changed ISPs to Zoom/Armstrong. Just after that, my NTP daemons stopped working. I dug deep and diagnosed the problem: Unprivileged ports are getting out. When i run 'ntpdate' for example, I go out on a high, unprivleged port, and get a response on UDP 123. That's fine. The 'ntpd' daemon though, expects to go out on 123 and get its reply there as well. This must be a common problem, because it's directly addressed in the NTP troubleshooting guide. Just to see what would happen, I wrote a detailed email to the general support address at Armstrong. They replied almost immediately with a complete technical answer! They have everything <1024 blocked, except for a few ports to support outbound VPN. So, the question: Can I use IPtables to essentially re-write my outbound UDP 123 up to 2123 or something like that? If I do, does there need to be a corresponding 2123-123 rule to translate the reply? This seems like NAT, but with ports, not addresses. True, I could run ntpdate from cron, but that loses all of the adjustment smarts of NTP.

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• How to stop Firefox on an SSD from freezing when using the search box or submitting a form?

  - by sblair

  Firefox usually freezes for about a second whenever I search for something from the toolbar search box, when submitting a form, or when clearing the search box history. I suspect it has something to do with the auto-complete feature. Using Windows 7's Resource Monitor, the problem seems to be from the file: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\<profile>\formhistory.sqlite-journal I believe this is a temporary file which caches database writes. The following screenshot shows the very high response times from six different searches, and that the queue length on drive C shoots off the scale: My Firefox profile is on an Intel X25-M G2 SSD. The problem doesn't seem to occur if I create a new profile on a hard disk drive. However, I'd like to know why the problem exists on the SSD in the first place (because it's an annoying problem which contradicts the reason I bought an SSD, and it might happen with other applications too), and how to prevent it. It still occurs if Firefox is started in safe mode, and with the recent beta versions. Updates: VACUUMing the Firefox profile databases does not help with this problem. The SSD Optimizer in the Intel SSD Toolbox does not help either.

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• How do I permanently delete /var/log/lastlog?

  - by GregB

  My /var/log/lastlog file is huge. I know it's really only a few kilobytes, but tar isn't smart enough to know that, so when I image a virtual machine, my restore fails because it thinks I'm trying to load more data than I have capacity on my disk. I want to delete /var/log/lastlog and stop any and all logging to the file. I'm aware of the security implications. This logging needs to stop to preserve my backup strategy. I've made a change to /etc/pam.d/login which I was told would disable logging to /var/log/lastlog, but it does not appear to work as /var/log/lastlog keeps growing. # Prints the last login info upon succesful login # (Replaces the `LASTLOG_ENAB' option from login.defs) #session optional pam_lastlog.so Any ideas? EDIT For anyone interested, I use Centrify Express to authenticate my users via LDAP. Centrify Express is "free", but one of the drawbacks is that I can't manage user UIDs via LDAP, so they are given a dynamic UID when they login to a server. Centrify picks some crazy high UID values (so they don't conflict with local users on the server, presumably). /var/log/lastlog is indexed by UID, and grows to accommodate the largest UID on the system. This means that when a Centrify user logs in, they get a UID in the upper-end of the UID range, which causes lastlog to allocate an obscene amount of space, according to the file system. ~$ ll /var/log/lastlog -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 291487675780 Apr 10 16:37 /var/log/lastlog ~$ du -h /var/log/lastlog 20K /var/log/lastlog More Into --- Sparse Files

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