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• Avoid the use of loops (for) with R

  - by albergali

  Hi, I'm working with R and I have a code like this: i<-1 j<-1 for (i in 1:10) for (j in 1:100) if (data[i] == paths[j,1]) cluster[i,4] <- paths[j,2] where : data is a vector with 100 rows and 1 column paths is a matrix with 100 rows and 5 columns cluster is a matrix with 100 rows and 5 columns My question is: how could I avoid the use of "for" loops to iterate through the matrix? I don't know whether apply functions (lapply, tapply...) are useful in this case. This is a problem when j=10000 for example, because execution time is very long. Thank you

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• Capturing stdout within the same process in Python

  - by danben

  I've got a python script that calls a bunch of functions, each of which writes output to stdout. Sometimes when I run it, I'd like to send the output in an e-mail (along with a generated file). I'd like to know how I can capture the output in memory so I can use the email module to build the e-mail. My ideas so far were: use a memory-mapped file (but it seems like I have to reserve space on disk for this, and I don't know how long the output will be) bypass all this and pipe the output to sendmail (but this may be difficult if I also want to attach the file)

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• How do Ruby and Python implement their interactive consoles?

  - by sxa

  When implementing the interpreter for my programming language I first thought of a simple console window which allows the user to enter some code which is then executed as a standalone program as a shell. But there are severe problems: If every line of code the user enters is handled as a standalone program, it has to go through the tokenizer and parser and is then just executed by the interpreter - what about functions then? How can the Python/Ruby interactive consoles (IDLE, irb) "share" the code? How is the code entered handled? Example: >> def x: >> print("Blah") >> >> x() Where is the function stored so it can be called at any time again? How can the interactive console take everything entered as obviously one program without executing everything over and over again?

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• Is this crufty?

  - by bobobobo

  I'm writing code like: class Game { int getMouseX() { return inputManager.getMouseX() ; } } ; I remember seeing code like this and hating it. One function passes off to another? What is this "pattern" (or, possibly, anti-pattern) called? I don't like it! On the other hand, it saves exposing the InputManager to the user of the class... would that be a better choice? Or should Game simply not contain InputManager? Edit What about using multiple inheritance instead? class Game : public InputManager, public Window { // by virtue of inheriting InputManager and Window, // Game now has "acquired" the capabilities of // InputManager's public functions, without requiring delegate. } ; Have I not found a reasonably good use for multiple inheritance??

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• Jquery - How to make $.post() use contentType=application/json?

  - by JK.

  I've noticed that when using $.post() in jquery that the default contentType is application/x-www-form-urlencoded - when my asp.net mvc code needs to have contentType=application/json (See this question for why I must use application/json: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2792603/aspnet-mvc-why-is-modelstate-isvalid-false-the-x-field-is-required-when-that) How can I make $.post() send contentType=application/json? I already have a large number of $.post() functions, so I don't want to change to $.ajax() because it would take too much time If I try $.post(url, data, function(), "json") It still has contentType=application/x-www-form-urlencoded. So what exactly does the "json" param do if it does not change the contenttype to json? If I try $.ajaxSetup({ contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" }); That works but affects every single $.get and $.post that I have and causes some to break. So is there some way that I can change the behavior of $.post() to send contentType=application/json?

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• Idiomatic approach for structuring Clojure source code

  - by mikera

  I'm interested in how people structure their Clojure source code. Being used to Java, I'm pretty familiar with the paradigm of one class per source code file, bundling all the data and method definitions with appropriate comments and annotations etc. However Clojure offers a lot more flexibility, and I'm not sure how I should structure my project (likely to end up as a medium sized app, maybe 5,000 lines with three or four distinct subsystems) In particular I'm wrestling with: What guidelines should I use to determine whether code should be in a single namespace vs. separated out into different namespaces? Should each protocol/datatype have it's own namespace + source file with associated set of functions? When should I require vs. use other namespaces?

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• How to implement square root and exponentiation on arbitrary length numbers?

  - by tomp

  I'm working on new data type for arbitrary length numbers (only non-negative integers) and I got stuck at implementing square root and exponentiation functions (only for natural exponents). Please help. I store the arbitrary length number as a string, so all operations are made char by char. Please don't include advices to use different (existing) library or other way to store the number than string. It's meant to be a programming exercise, not a real-world application, so optimization and performance are not so necessary. If you include code in your answer, I would prefer it to be in either pseudo-code or in C++. The important thing is the algorithm, not the implementation itself. Thanks for the help.

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• How can I use MVC ideas without using classes?

  - by jpjp

  As of right now, I am still shaky on classes, so I don't want to use any classes for my site. I'm still practicing with classes. But how can I implement the MVC idea without classes? Would this work for a MVC? index.php (the view) index_controller.php index_model.php Is this right for what a MVC should be? View: show html, css, forms Controller: get $_POST from forms and any data from the user, get info from db Model: do all the functions, insert/delete in db, etc Basically separate the HTML/css for the view, all the data collecting for the controller, and the logic for the model. And just connect them all using require_once.

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• Other SecurityManager implementations available?

  - by mhaller

  Is there any other implementation (e.g. in an OSS project) of a Java SecurityManager available which has more features than the one in the JDK? I'm looking for features like configurable at runtime policies updateable at runtime, read from other data sources than a security.policy file Thread-aware, e.g. different policies per Thread Higher-level policies, e.g. "Disable network functions, but allow JDBC traffic" Common predefined policies, e.g. "Allow read-access to usual system properties like file.encoding or line.separator, but disallow read-access to user.home" Monitoring and audit trace logging, e.g. "Log all file access, log all network access going NOT to knownhost.example.org" Blocking jobs "requesting" a permission until an administrator grants permission, letting the thread/job continue ... I'm pretty sure that application servers (at least the commercial ones) have their own SecurityManager implementation or at least their own policy configuration. I'm wondering if there is any free project with similar requirements.

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• Set a js variable in a html include

  - by user102533

  I have a ASP.NET page that uses the include method for header. I am adding a JS variable that I access from JS functions In head.htm <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var render=<%= RenderProperty %>; </script> The RenderProperty is a method in the base page class (a .cs file that inherits from System.Web.UI.Page) It looks something like this: private bool _renderProp = false; public bool RenderProperty { get { return _renderProp; } set { _renderProp = value; } } On a page by page basis, I set the RenderProperty in the Page_Load of a aspx page protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { RenderProperty = true; } I get a compile time error that says: The name 'RenderProperty' does not exist in the current context C:\...\head.htm

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• Is there are standard way to store a database schema outside a python app

  - by acrosman

  I am working on a small database application in Python (currently targeting 2.5 and 2.6) using sqlite3. It would be helpful to be able to provide a series of functions that could setup the database and validate that it matches the current schema. Before I reinvent the wheel, I thought I'd look around for libraries that would provide something similar. I'd love to have something akin to RoR's migrations. xml2ddl doesn't appear to be meant as a library (although it could be used that way), and more importantly doesn't support sqlite3. I'm also worried about the need to move to Python 3 one day given the lack of recent attention to xml2ddl. Are there other tools around that people are using to handle this?

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• How do I change the URL Alias for Security/login in SilverStripe to user/login

  - by pthurmond

  I am working on a new website being built in SilverStripe. Currently I am having a ton of trouble trying to get the system to let me change the URL alias (or create a second one) for the Security controller's login (and eventually logout) function. I have tried playing around with the routes.yml file and I tried creating the paths in my own UserController and loading directly from the Security controller with "return Security::login()". But that gives me errors about the use of the static functions. Unfortunately I don't come from a ton of object oriented experience and this is the first CMS I have used that actually uses a bunch of true object orientation. The current version of SilverStripe we are using is 3.0 (but we will be upgrading to 3.1.1 in a few days). Does anyone know much about the routing in SilverStripe?

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• User management with aspnet membership provider

  - by 109221793

  Hi guys, Just a general question really. I have taken on the management of an application written in C# MVC that uses the asp.net membership api. With this a user can register, change their password, etc. My application consists of two areas, administrator and user. This adminstrator's area has lots of custom admin functionality relating to the application, however has no functionality utilizing the membership api. I want to be able to use the membership api for user management functions such as resetting a password of a user who has forgotten theirs, lock users out, etc. Are there any resources or articles out there that delve into this aspect of using the membership api? Any help would be appreciated :) thanks

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• What are block expressions actually good for?

  - by Helper Method

  I just solved the first problem from Project Euler in JavaFX for the fun of it and wondered what block expressions are actually good for? Why are they superior to functions? Is it the because of the narrowed scope? Less to write? Performance? Here's the Euler example. I used a block here but I don't know if it actually makes sense // sums up all number from low to high exclusive which are divisible by a or b function sumDivisibleBy(a: Integer, b: Integer, high: Integer) { def low = if (a <= b) a else b; def sum = { var result = 0; for (i in [low .. <high] where i mod 3 == 0 or i mod 5 == 0) { result += i } result } } Does a block makes sense here?

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• How to use traceit to report function input variables in stack trace

  - by reckoner

  Hi, I've been using the following code to trace the execution of my programs: import sys import linecache import random def traceit(frame, event, arg): if event == "line": lineno = frame.f_lineno filename = frame.f_globals["__file__"] if filename == "<stdin>": filename = "traceit.py" if (filename.endswith(".pyc") or filename.endswith(".pyo")): filename = filename[:-1] name = frame.f_globals["__name__"] line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno) print "%s:%s:%s: %s" % (name, lineno,frame.f_code.co_name , line.rstrip()) return traceit def main(): print "In main" for i in range(5): print i, random.randrange(0, 10) print "Done." sys.settrace(traceit) main() Using this code, or something like it, is it possible to report the values of certain function arguments? In other words, the above code tells me "which" functions were called and I would like to know "what" the corresponding values of the input variables for those function calls. Thanks in advance.

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• Right rotate of tree in Haskell: how is it work?

  - by Roman

  I don't know haskell syntax, but I know some FP concepts (like algebraic data types, pattern matching, higher-order functions ect). Can someone explain please, what does this code mean: data Tree ? = Leaf ? | Fork ? (Tree ?) (Tree ?) rotateR tree = case tree of Fork q (Fork p a b) c -> Fork p a (Fork q b c) As I understand, first line is something like Tree-type declaration (but I don't understand it exactly). Second line includes pattern matching (I don't understand as well why do we need to use pattern matching here). And third line does something absolutely unreadable for non-haskell developer. I've found definition of Fork as fork (f,g) x = (f x, g x) but I can't move further anymore.

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• How to remove characters from a string?

  - by masato-san

  Hi, Below is interview question so you cannot relay on the functions that predefined in libraries. Also my answer below set the element to null but there is another ways to solve the problem. Given string $string = "This is a pen", remove "is" so that return value is "Th a pen" (including whitespece). I've tried (shown below) but returned value is not correct. Thanks in advance! function remove_delimiter_from_string(&$string, $del) { for($i=0; $i<strlen($string); $i++) { for($j=0; $j<strlen($del); $j++) { if($string[$i] == $del[$j]) { $string[$i] = $string[$i+$j]; //this grabs delimiter :( } } } echo $string . "\n"; }

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• Passing arguments to anonymous inner classes

  - by synic

  I'm trying to make an API library for our web services, and I'm wondering if it's possible to do something like this: abstract class UserRequest(val userId: Int) { def success(message: String) def error(error: ApiError) } api.invokeRequest(new UserRequest(121) { override def success(message: String) = { // handle success } override def error(error: ApiError) = { // handle the error } } I'm talking about passing parameters to the anonymous inner class, and also overriding the two methods. I'm extremely new to Scala, and I realize my syntax might be completely wrong. I'm just trying to come up with a good design for this library before I start coding it. I'm willing to take suggestions for this, if I'm doing it the completely wrong way, or if there's a better way. The idea is that the API will take some sort of request object, use it to make a request in a thread via http, and when the response has been made, somehow signal back to the caller if the request was a success or an error. The request/error functions have to be executed on the main thread.

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• Checking if parsed date is within a date range

  - by Brett Powell

  So I am using a scripting language with c++-like syntax, and I am trying to think of the best way to check if a date is within range. The problem I am running into is that if the current day is in a new month, the check is failing. Here is what my code looks like: if(iMonth >= iStartMonth && iMonth <= iEndMonth) { if(iDay >= iStartDay && iDay <= iEndDay) { if(iYear >= iStartYear && iYear <= iEndYear) { bEnabled = true; return; When I have something like this: Start date: 3 27 2010 End Date: 4 15 2010 Current Date: 3 31 2010 The day check fails because if (iDay <= iEndDay) does not pass. The scripting language doesn't have a lot of time related functions, and I can't compare timestamps because I'm allowing users to put like "03:27:2010" and "04:15:2010" as start/end dates in a config file. I'm assuming I am just not thinking straight and missing an easy fix.

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• Strange findFn malfunction

  - by gd047

  I noticed a strange malfunction in using findFn function (library sos) and I can't find out the source. While it works fine on my Windows XP pc, it does not on my Vista one. library (sos) findFn("randomization test") # in both finds 72 results findFn("{randomization test}") # In XP finds 19 or about so, but in Vista whenever I use {} and more than one word inside, # I keep getting the following: found 0 matches x has zero rows; nothing to display. Warning message: In findFn("{randomization test}") : HIT not found in HTML; processing one page only. R ver = 2.10.1 and packages updated. Any ideas where the problem might be? Bonus: As it's obvious, I was looking for functions about tests for randomized experiments

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• How do you use Exslt.dyn (especially the 'evaluate' method) in Umbraco?

  - by jeffreypriebe

  I am trying to execute the string contained in an XSL variable. Umbraco has hooks for several Exslt pieces, but it seems the Exslt.dyn (Exslt.dynamic) is not one of them. How do you add it in? Acceptable methods (in order of preference: Writing your own XSLT extension (possibly using existing Umbraco code for Exslt Dynamic). Uploading the XSL from http://www.exslt.org/dyn/functions/evaluate/index.html into Umbraco. Modifying the Umbraco source to add it (possibly using existing Umbraco code for Exslt Dynamic). The reason I mention Exslt Dyanmic is because some Umbraco XSLT sources show a reference that I am assuming existing in some versions of Umbraco. I cannot find it in the source code, however. (Example: the XSL sources pasted in here: http://our.umbraco.org/projects/starter-kits/business-website-starter-pack/general-%28bugs,-feedback,-feature-requests%29/8085-Changing-the-first-day-to-fx-monday)

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• Read Text From Windows Form

  - by omghai2u

  I would like, if for no other reason that an academic exercise, to be able to read text written to a form on a Windows Application. The program appears to be written in non-.NET, but in .NET terms, I think you would describe the program as having a Form with a Label and I would like to read the text from that label. I believe I can see that text being written to the screen with the User32!TextOut (and in other areas User32!DrawString) function. However, it would be nice if I didn't have to hook that function to get the information I'm looking for, but instead if I could just read it from the form directly. So, given a handle to a Window, is it possible to read the text that has been written to that window with functions like TextOut and DrawString using some similar API or other clever means? Or am I going about this the wrong way? Should I just hook the function and look for the text in every call and pray? Thanks!

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• Dynamically loading JavaScript synchronously

  - by spoon16

  I'm using the module pattern, one of the things I want to do is dynamically include an external JavaScript file, execute the file, and then use the functions/variables in the file in the return { } of my module. I can't figure out how to do this easily. Are there any standard ways of performing a pseudo synchronous external script load? function myModule() { var tag = document.createElement("script"); tag.type = "text/javascript"; tag.src = "http://some/script.js"; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(tag); //something should go here to ensure file is loaded before return is executed return { external: externalVariable } }

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• MongoDB map/reduce counts

  - by ibz

  The output from MongoDB's map/reduce includes something like 'counts': {'input': I, 'emit': E, 'output': O}. I thought I clearly understand what those mean, until I hit a weird case which I can't explain. According to my understanding, counts.input is the number of rows that match the condition (as specified in query). If so, how is it possible that the following two queries have different results? db.mycollection.find({MY_CONDITION}).count() db.mycollection.mapReduce(SOME_MAP, SOME_REDUCE, {'query': {MY_CONDITION}}).counts.input I thought the two should always give the same result, independent of the map and reduce functions, as long as the same condition is used.

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• Convert wide to long format in R

  - by Anthony

  My data has a long format similar to the one below: ID Language MotherTongue SpokenatHome HomeLang 1 English English English 1 French French 1 Polish Polish 2 Lebanese Lebanese Lebanese Labanese 2 Arabic Arabbic Here is the output I am looking for: ID Language1 Language2 Language 3 MotherTongue1 MotherTongue2 SpokenatHome1 HomeLan 1 English French Polish English Polish French English 2 Lebanese Arabic Labanese Arabic I'm using using the melt and dcast functions of the reshape2 package, but it does not work. Does anyone know how to do this? Thanks. df<-df[,c("OEN", "Langugae","MotherTongue", "SpokenatHome", "MainHomeLanguage")] dfl <- melt(df, id.vars=c("OEN", "Langugae"), measure.vars=c("MotherTongue", "SpokenatHome", "MainHomeLanguage"), variable.name="Language") dfw <- dcast(dfl, OEN ~ Langugae , value.var="value" )

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