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• Why can't I display a unicode character in the Python Interpreter on Mac OS X Terminal.app?

  - by apphacker

  If I try to paste a unicode character such as the middle dot: · in my python interpreter it does nothing. I'm using Terminal.app on Mac OS X and when I'm simply in in bash I have no trouble: :~$ · But in the interpreter: :~$ python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> ^^ I get nothing, it just ignores that I just pasted the character. If I use the escape \xNN\xNN representation of the middle dot '\xc2\xb7', and try to convert to unicode, trying to show the dot causes the interpreter to throw an error: >>> unicode('\xc2\xb7') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) I have setup 'utf-8' as my default encoding in sitecustomize.py so: >>> sys.getdefaultencoding() 'utf-8' What gives? It's not the Terminal. It's not Python, what am I doing wrong?! This question is not related to this question, as that indivdiual is able to paste unicode into his Terminal.

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• macro collapse all in solution visual studio 2010

  - by rod

  Hi All, I found the CollapseAll macro online that has worked for me in vs2005 and vs2008. However, this half way works in vs2010. It looks like it only collapses the top nodes and not any subnodes that may be expanded? any ideas? Thanks, rod. Sub CollapseAll() ' Get the the Solution Explorer tree Dim UIHSolutionExplorer As UIHierarchy UIHSolutionExplorer = DTE.Windows.Item(Constants.vsext_wk_SProjectWindow).Object() ' Check if there is any open solution If (UIHSolutionExplorer.UIHierarchyItems.Count = 0) Then ' MsgBox("Nothing to collapse. You must have an open solution.") Return End If ' Get the top node (the name of the solution) Dim UIHSolutionRootNode As UIHierarchyItem UIHSolutionRootNode = UIHSolutionExplorer.UIHierarchyItems.Item(1) UIHSolutionRootNode.DTE.SuppressUI = True ' Collapse each project node Dim UIHItem As UIHierarchyItem For Each UIHItem In UIHSolutionRootNode.UIHierarchyItems 'UIHItem.UIHierarchyItems.Expanded = False If UIHItem.UIHierarchyItems.Expanded Then Collapse(UIHItem) End If Next ' Select the solution node, or else when you click ' on the solution window ' scrollbar, it will synchronize the open document ' with the tree and pop ' out the corresponding node which is probably not what you want. UIHSolutionRootNode.Select(vsUISelectionType.vsUISelectionTypeSelect) UIHSolutionRootNode.DTE.SuppressUI = False End Sub Private Sub Collapse(ByVal item As UIHierarchyItem) For Each eitem As UIHierarchyItem In item.UIHierarchyItems If eitem.UIHierarchyItems.Expanded AndAlso eitem.UIHierarchyItems.Count > 0 Then Collapse(eitem) End If Next item.UIHierarchyItems.Expanded = False End Sub End Module

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• PHP package manager

  - by Mathias

  Hey, does anyone know a package manager library for PHP (as e.g. apt or yum for linux distros) apart from PEAR? I'm working on a system which should include a package management system for module management. I managed to get a working solution using PEAR, but using the PEAR client for anything else than managing a PEAR installation is not really the optimal solution as it's not designed for that. I would have to modify/extend it (e.g. to implement actions on installation/upgrade or to move PEAR specific files like lockfiles away from the system root) and especially the CLI client code is quite messy and PHP4. So maybe someone has some suggestions for an alternative PEAR client library which is easy to use and extend (the server side has some nice implementations like Pirum and pearhub) for completely different package management systems written in PHP (ideally including dependency tracking and different channels) for some general ideas how to implement such a PM system (yes, I'm still tinkering with the idea of implementing such a system from scratch) I know that big systems like Magento and symfony use PEAR for their PM. Magento uses a hacked version of the original PEAR client (which I'd like to avoid), symfony's implementation seems quite integrated with the framework, but would be a good starting point to at least write the client from scratch. Anyway, if anybody has suggestions: please :)

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• Forms authentication: disable redirect to the login page

  - by codeka

  I have an application that uses ASP.NET Forms Authentication. For the most part, it's working great, but I'm trying to add support for a simple API via an .ashx file. I want the ashx file to have optional authentication (i.e. if you don't supply an Authentication header, then it just works anonymously). But, depending on what you do, I want to require authentication under certain conditions. I thought it would be a simple matter of responding with status code 401 if the required authentication was not supplied, but it seems like the Forms Authentcation module is intercepting that and responding with a redirect to the login page instead. What I mean is, if my ProcessRequest method looks like this: public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { Response.StatusCode = 401; Response.StatusDescription = "Authentication required"; } Then instead of getting a 401 error code on the client, like I expect, I'm actually getting a 302 redirect to the login page. For nornal HTTP traffic, I can see how that would be useful, but for my API page, I want the 401 to go through unmodified so that the client-side caller can respond to it programmatically instead. Is there any way to do that?

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• Declare models elsewhere than in "models.py"

  - by sebpiq

  Hi ! I have an application that splits models into different files. Actually the folder looks like : >myapp __init__.py models.py >hooks ... ... myapp don't care about what's in the hooks, folder, except that there are models, and that they have to be declared somehow. So, I put this in myapp.__init__.py : from django.conf import settings for hook in settings.HOOKS : try : __import__(hook) except ImportError as e : print "Got import err !", e #where HOOKS = ("myapp.hooks.a_super_hook1", ...) The problem is that it doesn't work when I run syncdb(and throws some strange "Got import err !"... strange considering that it's related to another module of my program that I don't even import anywhere :/ ) ! So I tried successively : 1) for hook in settings.HOOKS : try : exec ("from %s import *" % hook) doesn't work either : syncdb doesn't install the models in hooks 2) from myapp.hooks.a_super_hook1 import * This works 3) exec("from myapp.hooks.a_super_hook1 import *") This works to So I checked that in the test 1), the statement executed is the same than in tests 2) and 3), and it is exactly the same ... Any idea ???

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• Connecting to SQL Server 2005 via Web Service

  - by clear-cycle-corp

  Delphi 2010, dbExpress, and SQL Server 2005 DB I am trying to make a connection to a SQL Server 2005 DB using Delphi 2010 & DBExpress. If I create a standard delphi application and hard code my connection (IT WORKS!): procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Conn: TSQLConnection; begin Conn:= TSQLConnection.Create(nil); Conn.ConnectionName:= 'VPUCDS_VPN_SE01'; Conn.LoadParamsOnConnect := True; Conn.LoginPrompt:=True; try Conn.Connected:= True; if Conn.Connected then ShowMessage('Connected!') else ShowMessage('NOT Connected!') finally Conn.Free; end; end; All the ini files, and DLLs reside in the same folder as my executable and yes, I have DBXMsSQL & MidasLib in the uses clause again, it works if its not a web service! However, if i then move the code over to a Web services CGI module: function TTest.ConnectToDB: Boolean;stdcall; var Conn: TSQLConnection; begin Conn:= TSQLConnection.Create(nil); Conn.ConnectionName:= 'VPUCDS_VPN_SE01'; Conn.LoadParamsOnConnect := True; Conn.LoginPrompt:=True; try Conn.Connected:= True; result:= Conn.Connected; finally Conn.Free; end; end; Thanks

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• What could cause a PHP error on an include statement?

  - by J Jones

  I've got a bug in my PHP code that's been terrorizing me for several days now. I'm trying to clasp in a new module to an existing Magento (v1.4) site, though I'm very new to the Magento framework. I think I am pretty close to getting to "Hello, World" on a block that I want displayed in the backend, but I'm getting a 500 error when the menu item is selected. I managed to track it down (using echo stmts) to a line in the Layout.php file (app\code\core\Mage\Core\Model\Layout.php, line 472ish): if (class_exists($block, false) || mageFindClassFile($block)) { $temp = $block; echo "<p>before constructor: $temp</p>"; $block = new $block($attributes); echo "<p>after constructor: $temp</p>"; } For my block, this yields only "before constructor...", so I know this is what is failing. A little more debugging reveals that the class in $block (the new block I am trying to show) does not exist. I would have expected the __autoload function to take care of this, but none of my echos in __autoload are displaying. As a last ditch effort, I tried an include statement in Mage.php to the absolute location of the block class, but similar before and after echos reveal that that include statement becomes the breaking line. I'm tempted to start thinking "permissions", but I'm not well versed in the server management side of all this, and I have limited access to the test server (the test server belongs to the client). To anticipate the question: there are no errors reported in the PHP log file. I am actually not convinced that this site is reporting errors to the log file (I haven't seen anything from this site), though the client is certain that everything is turned on. IIS 7. Integrated mode, I'm pretty sure. Anyone know what could be causing this?

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• Nose2 multiprocess error on Windows7

  - by tt293

  I was looking into nose2 as a way to get around the restrictions of having both xunit output and multiprocessing in nose1.3. However, when always-on is set to False in the [multiprocess] section, I can only get a single process running, while when running with always-on set to True, I get the following error: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 0 tests in 0.043s OK Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\Scripts\nose2-script.py", line 8, in <module> load_entry_point('nose2==0.4.7', 'console_scripts', 'nose2')() File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\nose2-0.4.7-py2. 7.egg\nose2\main.py", line 284, in discover return main(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\nose2-0.4.7-py2. 7.egg\nose2\main.py", line 98, in __init__ super(PluggableTestProgram, self).__init__(**kw) File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\unittest2-0.5.1- py2.7.egg\unittest2\main.py", line 98, in __init__ self.runTests() File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\nose2-0.4.7-py2. 7.egg\nose2\main.py", line 260, in runTests self.result = runner.run(self.test) File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\nose2-0.4.7-py2. 7.egg\nose2\runner.py", line 53, in run executor(test, result) File "C:\dev\testing\Tests\PythonTests\venv\lib\site-packages\nose2-0.4.7-py2. 7.egg\nose2\plugins\mp.py", line 60, in _runmp ready, _, _ = select.select(rdrs, [], [], self.testRunTimeout) select.error: (10038, 'An operation was attempted on something that is not a soc ket') This is running python 2.7.5 (32bit) on Windows 7 in a virtualenv with six-1.1.0, unittest2-0.5.1 and nose2-0.4.7 (I get the same behavior outside of the venv, so I don't think that is the issue here).

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• Adding class constraints to typeclass instance

  - by BleuM937

  I'm trying to implement the Cantor Pairing Function, as an instance of a generic Pair typeclass, as so: module Pair (Pair, CantorPair) where -- Pair interface class Pair p where pi :: a -> a -> p a k :: p a -> a l :: p a -> a -- Wrapper for typing newtype CantorPair a = P { unP :: a } -- Assume two functions with signatures: cantorPair :: Integral a => a -> a -> CantorPair a cantorUnpair :: Integral a => CantorPair a -> (a, a) -- I need to somehow add an Integral a constraint to this instance, -- but I can't work out how to do it. instance Pair CantorPair where pi = cantorPair k = fst . cantorUnpair l = snd . cantorUnpair How can I add the appropriate Integral constraint to the instance? I have a vague feeling I might need to modify the Pair interface itself, but not sure how to go about this.

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• Python: Copying files with special characters in path

  - by erikderwikinger

  Hi is there any possibility in Python 2.5 to copy files having special chars (Japanese chars, cyrillic letters) in their path? shutil.copy cannot handle this. here is some example code: import copy, os,shutil,sys fname=os.getenv("USERPROFILE")+"\\Desktop\\testfile.txt" print fname print "type of fname: "+str(type(fname)) fname0 = unicode(fname,'mbcs') print fname0 print "type of fname0: "+str(type(fname0)) fname1 = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', fname0).encode('cp1251','replace') print fname1 print "type of fname1: "+str(type(fname1)) fname2 = unicode(fname,'mbcs').encode(sys.stdout.encoding) print fname2 print "type of fname2: "+str(type(fname2)) shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') the output on a Russian Windows XP C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname0: <type 'unicode'> C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname1: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname2: <type 'str'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Test\getuserdir.py", line 23, in <module> shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 80, in copy copyfile(src, dst) File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 46, in copyfile fsrc = open(src, 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\\x80\ xa4\xac\xa8\xad\xa8\xe1\xe2\xe0\xa0\xe2\xae\xe0\\Desktop\\testfile.txt'

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• How do I write an RSpec test to unit-test this interesting metaprogramming code?

  - by Kyle Kaitan

  Here's some simple code that, for each argument specified, will add specific get/set methods named after that argument. If you write attr_option :foo, :bar, then you will see #foo/foo= and #bar/bar= instance methods on Config: module Configurator class Config def initialize() @options = {} end def self.attr_option(*args) args.each do |a| if not self.method_defined?(a) define_method "#{a}" do @options[:"#{a}"] ||= {} end define_method "#{a}=" do |v| @options[:"#{a}"] = v end else throw Exception.new("already have attr_option for #{a}") end end end end end So far, so good. I want to write some RSpec tests to verify this code is actually doing what it's supposed to. But there's a problem! If I invoke attr_option :foo in one of the test methods, that method is now forever defined in Config. So a subsequent test will fail when it shouldn't, because foo is already defined: it "should support a specified option" do c = Configurator::Config c.attr_option :foo # ... end it "should support multiple options" do c = Configurator::Config c.attr_option :foo, :bar, :baz # Error! :foo already defined # by a previous test. # ... end Is there a way I can give each test an anonymous "clone" of the Config class which is independent of the others?

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• ASP.NET web form Routing issue via UNC Path

  - by Slash

  I create a IIS 7.0 website via UNC path to load .aspx to dynamic compile files and runs. however, it's running perfect. I always use IIS URL Rewrite module 2 to rewrite my site URL n' its perfect, too. Today, I wanna use System.Web.Routing to implement url rewrite but I encountered difficulties... When I wrote code in Global.asax: System.Web.Routing.RouteTable.Routes.MapPageRoute("TEST", "AAA/{prop}", "~/BBB/CCC.aspx"); And it just CANNOT reDirect to /BBB/CCC.aspx When I type the URL(like: xx.xx.xx.xx/BBB/CCC.aspx) in browser directly, it runs normally that I want. (so it proof CCC.aspx is in right path.) thus, I copy all of the code and open VS2010 running with IIS 7.5 Express locally, it works perfect! e.g: in browser URL I type xx.xx.xx.xx/AAA/1234, it will turn to page xx.xx.xx.xx/BBB/CCC.aspx (Works perfect!) Why??? help me plz. thanks. Update: I think I should consider not UNC path to make it error! when I move all code to physical disk and setup IIS 7.0 to monitor this Folder, it still not works! But the same code run in VS2010 + IIS 7.5 Express it works!? so strange!

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• PHP Preserve scope when calling a function

  - by Joshua

  I have a function that includes a file based on the string that gets passed to it i.e. the action variable from the query string. I use this for filtering purposes etc so people can't include files they shouldn't be able to and if the file doesn't exist a default file is loaded instead. The problem is that when the function runs and includes the file scope, is lost because the include ran inside a function. This becomes a problem because I use a global configuration file, then I use specific configuration files for each module on the site. The way I'm doing it at the moment is defining the variables I want to be able to use as global and then adding them into the top of the filtering function. Is there any easier way to do this, i.e. by preserving scope when a function call is made or is there such a thing as PHP macros? Edit: Would it be better to use extract($_GLOBALS); inside my function call instead? Edit 2: For anyone that cared. I realised I was over thinking the problem altogether and that instead of using a function I should just use an include, duh! That way I can keep my scope and have my cake too.

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• Python Multiprocessing Question

  - by Avan

  My program has 2 parts divided into the core and downloader. The core handles all the app logic while the downloader just downloads urls. Right now, I am trying to use the python multiprocessing module to accomplish the task of the core as a process and the downloader as a process. The first problem I noticed was that if I spawn the downloader process from the core process so that the downloader is the child process and the core is the parent, the core process(parent) is blocked until the child is finished. I do not want this behaivor though. I would like to have a core process and a downloader process that are both able to execute their code and communicate between each other. example ... def main(): jobQueue = Queue() jobQueue.put("http://google.com) d = Downloader(jobQueue) p = Process(target=d.start()) p.start() if __name__ == '__main__': freeze_support() main() where Downloader's start() just takes the url out of the queue and downloads it. In order to have the 2 processes unblocked, would I need to create 2 processes from the parent process and then share something between them?

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• Formulae for U and V buffer offset

  - by Abhi

  Hi all ! What should be the buffer offset value for U & V in YUV444 format type? Like for an example if i am using YV12 format the value is as follows: ppData.inputIDMAChannel.UBufOffset = iInputHeight * iInputWidth + (iInputHeight * iInputWidth)/4; ppData.inputIDMAChannel.VBufOffset = iInputHeight * iInputWidth; iInputHeight = 160 & iInputWidth = 112 ppdata is an object for the following structure: typedef struct ppConfigDataStruct { //--------------------------------------------------------------- // General controls //--------------------------------------------------------------- UINT8 IntType; // FIRSTMODULE_INTERRUPT: the interrupt will be // rised once the first sub-module finished its job. // FRAME_INTERRUPT: the interrput will be rised // after all sub-modules finished their jobs. //--------------------------------------------------------------- // Format controls //--------------------------------------------------------------- // For input idmaChannel inputIDMAChannel; BOOL bCombineEnable; idmaChannel inputcombIDMAChannel; UINT8 inputcombAlpha; UINT32 inputcombColorkey; icAlphaType alphaType; // For output idmaChannel outputIDMAChannel; CSCEQUATION CSCEquation; // Selects R2Y or Y2R CSC Equation icCSCCoeffs CSCCoeffs; // Selects R2Y or Y2R CSC Equation icFlipRot FlipRot; // Flip/Rotate controls for VF BOOL allowNopPP; // flag to indicate we need a NOP PP processing }*pPpConfigData, ppConfigData; and idmaChannel structure is as follows: typedef struct idmaChannelStruct { icFormat FrameFormat; // YUV or RGB icFrameSize FrameSize; // frame size UINT32 LineStride;// stride in bytes icPixelFormat PixelFormat;// Input frame RGB format, set NULL // to use standard settings. icDataWidth DataWidth;// Bits per pixel for RGB format UINT32 UBufOffset;// offset of U buffer from Y buffer start address // ignored if non-planar image format UINT32 VBufOffset;// offset of U buffer from Y buffer start address // ignored if non-planar image format } idmaChannel, *pIdmaChannel; I want the formulae for ppData.inputIDMAChannel.UBufOffset & ppData.inputIDMAChannel.VBufOffset for YUV444 Thanks in advance

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• How to improve efficiency in loops?

  - by Jacob Worldly

  I have the following code, which translates the input string into morse code. My code runs through every letter in the string and then through every character in the alphabet. This is very inefficient, because what if I was reading from a very large file, instead of a small alphabet string. Is there any way that I could improve my code, Maybe using the module re, to match my string with the morse code characters? morse_alphabet = ".- -... -.-. -.. . ..-. --. .... .. .--- -.- .-.. -- -. --- .--. --.- .-. ... - ..- ...- .-- -..- -.-- --.." ALPHABET = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" morse_letters = morse_alphabet.split(" ") result = [] count_character = 0 def t(code): for character in code: count_letter = 0 for letter in ALPHABET: lower_character = code[count_character].lower() lower_letter = letter.lower() if lower_character == lower_letter: result.append(morse_letters[count_letter]) count_letter += 1 count_character += 1 return result

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• How to make use of Grails Dependencies in your IDE

  - by raoulsson

  Hi All, So I finally got my dependencies working with Grails. Now, how can my IDE, eg IntelliJ or Eclipse, take advantage of it? Or do I really have to manually manage what classes my IDE knows about at "development time"? If the BuildConfig.groovy script is setup right (see here), you will be able to code away with vi or your favorite editor without any troubles, then run grails compile which will resolve and download the dependencies into the Ivy cache and off you go... If, however, you are using an IDE like Eclipse or IntelliJ, you will need the dependencies at hand while coding. Obviously - as these animals will need them for the "real time" error detection/compilation process. Now, while it is certainly possible to code with all the classes shining up in bright red all over the place that are unknown to your IDE, it is certainly not much fun... The Maven support or whatever it is officially called lives happily with the pom file, no extra "jar directory" pointers needed, at least in IntelliJ. I would like to be able to do the same with Grails dependencies. Currently I am defining them in the BuildConfig.groovy and additionally I copy/paste the current jars around on my local disk and let the IDE point to it. Not very satisfactory, as I am working in a highly volatile project module environment with respect to code change. And this situation ports me directly into "jar hell", as my "develop- and build-dependencies" easily get out of sync and I have to manage manually, that is, with my brain... And my brain should be busy with other stuff... Thanks! Raoul P.S: I'm currently using Grails 1.2M4 and IntelliJ 92.105. But feel free to add answers on future versions of Grails and different, future IDEs, as the come in...

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• Some questions about special operators i've never seen in C++ code.

  - by toto

  I have downloaded the Phoenix SDK June 2008 (Tools for compilers) and when I'm reading the code of the Hello sample, I really feel lost. public ref class Hello { //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // Description: // // Class Variables. // // Remarks: // // A normal compiler would have more flexible means for holding // on to all this information, but in our case it's simplest (if // somewhat inelegant) if we just keep references to all the // structures we'll need to access as classstatic variables. // //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- static Phx::ModuleUnit ^ module; static Phx::Targets::Runtimes::Runtime ^ runtime; static Phx::Targets::Architectures::Architecture ^ architecture; static Phx::Lifetime ^ lifetime; static Phx::Types::Table ^ typeTable; static Phx::Symbols::Table ^ symbolTable; static Phx::Phases::PhaseConfiguration ^ phaseConfiguration; 2 Questions : What's that ref keyword? What is that sign ^ ? What is it doing protected: virtual void Execute ( Phx::Unit ^ unit ) override; }; override is a C++ keyword too? It's colored as such in my Visual Studio. I really want to play with this framework, but this advanced C++ is really an obstacle right now. Thank you.

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• Users Hierarchy Logic

  - by user342944

  Hi guys, I am writing a user security module using SQLServer 2008 so threfore need to design a database accordingly. Formally I had Userinfo table with UserID, Username and ParentID to build a recursion and populated tree to represent hierarchy but now I have following criteria which I need to develop. I have now USERS, ADMINISTRATORS and GROUPS. Each node in the user hierarchy is either a user, administrator or group. User Someone who has login access to my application Administrator A user who may also manage all their child user accounts (and their children etc) This may include creating new users and assigning permissions to those users. There is no limit to the number of administrators in user structure. The higher up in the hierarchy that I go administrators have more child accounts to manage which include other child administrators. Group A user account can be designated as a group. This will be an account which is used to group one or more users together so that they can be manage as a unit. But no one can login to my application using a group account. This is how I want to create structure Super Administrator administrator ------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Manager A Manager B Manager C (adminstrator) (administrator) (administrator) | ----------------------------------------- | | | Employee A Employee B Sales Employees (User) (User) (Group) | ------------------------ | | | Emp C Emp D Emp E (User) (User) (User) Now how to build the table structure to achieve this. Do I need to create Users table alongwith Group table or what? Please guide I would really appreciate.

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• varargs in lambda functions in Python

  - by brain_damage

  Is it possible a lambda function to have variable number of arguments? For example, I want to write a metaclass, which creates a method for every method of some other class and this newly created method returns the opposite value of the original method and has the same number of arguments. And I want to do this with lambda function. How to pass the arguments? Is it possible? class Negate(type): def __new__(mcs, name, bases, _dict): extended_dict = _dict.copy() for (k, v) in _dict.items(): if hasattr(v, '__call__'): extended_dict["not_" + k] = lambda s, *args, **kw: not v(s, *args, **kw) return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, extended_dict) class P(metaclass=Negate): def __init__(self, a): self.a = a def yes(self): return True def maybe(self, you_can_chose): return you_can_chose But the result is totally wrong: >>>p = P(0) >>>p.yes() True >>>p.not_yes() # should be False Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#150>", line 1, in <module> p.not_yes() File "C:\Users\Nona\Desktop\p10.py", line 51, in <lambda> extended_dict["not_" + k] = lambda s, *args, **kw: not v(s, *args, **kw) TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (1 given) >>>p.maybe(True) True >>>p.not_maybe(True) #should be False True

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• Cross-platform iteration of Unicode string

  - by kizzx2

  I want to iterate each character of a Unicode string, treating each surrogate pair and combining character sequence as a single unit (one grapheme). Example The text "??????" is comprised of the code points: U+0928, U+092E, U+0938, U+094D, U+0924, U+0947, of which, U+0938 and U+0947 are combining marks. static void Main(string[] args) { const string s = "??????"; Console.WriteLine(s.Length); // Ouptuts "6" var l = 0; var e = System.Globalization.StringInfo.GetTextElementEnumerator(s); while(e.MoveNext()) l++; Console.WriteLine(l); // Outputs "4" } So there we have it in .NET. We also have Win32's CharNextW() #include <Windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { const wchar_t * s = L"??????"; std::cout << std::wstring(s).length() << std::endl; // Gives "6" int l = 0; while(CharNextW(s) != s) { s = CharNextW(s); ++l; } std::cout << l << std::endl; // Gives "4" return 0; } Question Both ways I know of are specific to Microsoft. Are there portable ways to do it? I heard about ICU but I couldn't find something related quickly (UnicodeString(s).length() still gives 6). Would be an acceptable answer to point to the related function/module in ICU. C++ doesn't have a notion of Unicode, so a lightweight cross-platform library for dealing with these issues would make an acceptable answer.

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• Pymedia video encoding failed

  - by user1474837

  I am using Python 2.5 with Windows XP. I am trying to make a list of pygame images into a video file using this function. I found the function on the internet and edited it. It worked at first, than it stopped working. This is what it printed out: Making video... Formating 114 Frames... starting loop making encoder Frame 1 process 1 Frame 1 process 2 Frame 1 process 2.5 This is the error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "ScreenCapture.py", line 202, in <module> makeVideoUpdated(record_files, video_file) File "ScreenCapture.py", line 151, in makeVideoUpdated d = enc.encode(da) pymedia.video.vcodec.VCodecError: Failed to encode frame( error code is 0 ) This is my code: def makeVideoUpdated(files, outFile, outCodec='mpeg1video', info1=0.1): fw = open(outFile, 'wb') if (fw == None) : print "Cannot open file " + outFile return if outCodec == 'mpeg1video' : bitrate= 2700000 else: bitrate= 9800000 start = time.time() enc = None frame = 1 print "Formating "+str(len(files))+" Frames..." print "starting loop" for img in files: if enc == None: print "making encoder" params= {'type': 0, 'gop_size': 12, 'frame_rate_base': 125, 'max_b_frames': 90, 'height': img.get_height(), 'width': img.get_width(), 'frame_rate': 90, 'deinterlace': 0, 'bitrate': bitrate, 'id': vcodec.getCodecID(outCodec) } enc = vcodec.Encoder(params) # Create VFrame print "Frame "+str(frame)+" process 1" bmpFrame= vcodec.VFrame(vcodec.formats.PIX_FMT_RGB24, img.get_size(), # Covert image to 24bit RGB (pygame.image.tostring(img, "RGB"), None, None) ) print "Frame "+str(frame)+" process 2" # Convert to YUV, then codec da = bmpFrame.convert(vcodec.formats.PIX_FMT_YUV420P) print "Frame "+str(frame)+" process 2.5" d = enc.encode(da) #THIS IS WHERE IT STOPS print "Frame "+str(frame)+" process 3" fw.write(d.data) print "Frame "+str(frame)+" process 4" frame += 1 print "savng file" fw.close() Could somebody tell me why I have this error and possibly how to fix it? The files argument is a list of pygame images, outFile is a path, outCodec is default, and info1 is not used anymore. UPDATE 1 This is the code I used to make that list of pygame images. from PIL import ImageGrab import time, pygame pygame.init() f = [] #This is the list that contains the images fps = 1 for n in range(1, 100): info = ImageGrab.grab() size = info.size mode = info.mode data = info.tostring() info = pygame.image.fromstring(data, size, mode) f.append(info) time.sleep(fps)

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• Excel 2007 UDF keeps failing, why?

  - by Zan

  I've been trying to browse info about this for a while now. The user defined functions in Excel 2007 just make no sense to me whatsoever. According to all the tutorials, it should be really simple. Just press alt + f11, insert a new module, and enter the VBA code there. At this point typing '=FUNCTIONNAME(parameters)' into any cell should make it work. It did, at first. Then upon closing and reopening the worksheet it stopped working. I checked to see that macros were enabled, but either way, that didn't help. Then I browsed the graphic UI from the function button to locate user defined functions. I found it there by name of 'MyExcelWorksheet.xls!FUNCTIONNAME.FUNCTIONNAME' and clicking that, it started working again. Now, a day later, I get back to working on this and it's broken, again. I just get #NAME? error or some "Function Arguments - Function doesn't use any arguments" -popup (translated from Finnish Excel, not sure what that msg is in English) when I select the function from the GUI. So what does it take to just create a function, and actually make it work and KEEP working? For the life of me I can't figure out why this has to be so difficult. :) I'm starting to think my company has some weird settings enabled or whatever, because judging by the lack of information I've found on the subject, this isn't supposed to happen.

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• Create static instances of a class inside said class in Python

  - by Samir Talwar

  Apologies if I've got the terminology wrong here—I can't think what this particular idiom would be called. I've been trying to create a Python 3 class that statically declares instances of itself inside itself—sort of like an enum would work. Here's a simplified version of the code I wrote: class Test: A = Test("A") B = Test("B") def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __str__(self): return "Test: " + self.value print(str(Test.A)) print(str(Test.B)) Writing this, I got an exception on line 2 (A = Test("A")). I assume line 3 would also error if it had made it that far. Using __class__ instead of Test gives the same error. File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 2, in Test NameError: name 'Test' is not defined Is there any way to refer to the current class in a static context in Python? I could declare these particular variables outside the class or in a separate class, but for clarity's sake, I'd rather not if I can help it. To better demonstrate what I'm trying to do, here's the same example in Java: public class Test { private static final Test A = new Test("A"); private static final Test B = new Test("B"); private final String value; public Test(String value) { this.value = value; } public String toString() { return "Test: " + value; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(A); System.out.println(B); } } This works as you would expect: it prints: Test: A Test: B How can I do the same thing in Python?

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• What's a good way to provide additional decoration/metadata for Python function parameters?

  - by Will Dean

  We're considering using Python (IronPython, but I don't think that's relevant) to provide a sort of 'macro' support for another application, which controls a piece of equipment. We'd like to write fairly simple functions in Python, which take a few arguments - these would be things like times and temperatures and positions. Different functions would take different arguments, and the main application would contain user interface (something like a property grid) which allows the users to provide values for the Python function arguments. So, for example function1 might take a time and a temperature, and function2 might take a position and a couple of times. We'd like to be able to dynamically build the user interface from the Python code. Things which are easy to do are to find a list of functions in a module, and (using inspect.getargspec) to get a list of arguments to each function. However, just a list of argument names is not really enough - ideally we'd like to be able to include some more information about each argument - for instance, it's 'type' (high-level type - time, temperature, etc, not language-level type), and perhaps a 'friendly name' or description. So, the question is, what are good 'pythonic' ways of adding this sort of information to a function. The two possibilities I have thought of are: Use a strict naming convention for arguments, and then infer stuff about them from their names (fetched using getargspec) Invent our own docstring meta-language (could be little more than CSV) and use the docstring for our metadata. Because Python seems pretty popular for building scripting into large apps, I imagine this is a solved problem with some common conventions, but I haven't been able to find them.

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