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• Suggestion for auditd set-up

  - by JVerstry

  Hi, I am trying to learn about securing a Linux box (I am using Ubuntu). Auditd is recommended for monitoring activities on the node. I have managed to install it, but I can't find much information about proper set-up to secure my node. How should I set-up auditd to make my node more secure? What should I monitor? Why? I am looking for set-up examples and recommendation from experienced administrators. Thanks!

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• Cheapest server per gigabit throughput [closed]

  - by nethgirb

  I'm looking for a set of servers for performance testing a network, and secondarily testing some applications on the servers. Their most important task is simply to pump out data: from an application like memcached or just dumped from a large file in memory into a TCP flow (i.e., disk performance doesn't matter). This should happen over one or more 1 gigabit Ethernet ports, and the machines should run Linux (ideally), or perhaps Mac OS X or some other *nix. Other than that, there are few constraints (e.g., even something ARM-based could be fine). So here's the question: What's the cheapest server per gigabit? Price and power are both considerations.

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• Broadcom BCM5716 Hangs on CentOS 6 Boot

  - by someotherguy

  I have a fresh CentOS 6 installation on a Dell R310 server with a Broadcom BCM5716. The onboard NIC is causing the boot to hang for some reason. Welcome to CentOS Linux Starting udev: udev: starting version 147 Boardcom NetXtreme II Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2 v2.0.23b (Feb 01, 2011) bnx2 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 That's it... then it just hangs / freezes. If I disable the NIC via the BIOS settings, CentOS boots fine. I've downloaded and installed the latest driver from Broadcom's website. Any ideas?

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• X-Window Modeline for high resolution modes on NEC LCD 22WV monitor

  - by Jakub Narebski

  What should look like X Window System (X.Org) modeline to be put in xorg.conf, for high resolution (incuding recommended 1680x1050 @ 50Hz resolution) for 22" NEC LCD 22WV monitor? X.Org autodetect correctly only 800x600 and lower resolution SVGA modes, unfortunately. How can I generate proper "Modeline" line for xorg.conf? Is information included in NEC_Datasheet_LCD22WV-english.pdf enough (found on NEC LCD 22WV product info page)? What tools there are available to generate proper modeline for a LCD monitor for Linux? MS Windows (MS Windows XP Home) correctly detects and use 1680x1050 resolution; can I somehow get modeline information from MS Windows?

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• Restoring the owners on debian system files

  - by Vlad

  Due to my inattention, tiredness (and probably stupidity) i've run chown -R someuser:someuser / and now all your base are belongs to us the files on the server belong to one user (lol). After system restart apache, bind9, mysql, and a dozen of other applications don't start and fill their log files with permission errors. I haven't done any backups on system files, only on the db and website files... Please suggest some ways to revive my web server. I have only 2 month experience with linux, so please keep it simple...

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• Apache server in raspberry PI not visible from outside( public IP)

  - by Kronos

  I have made a fresh install of Arch Linux ARM into a Raspberry PI and I mounted there a LAMP, all fresh. I have another Arch(x86) in my laptop with Apache also there, and as far as I know, two web servers cannot run in the same network segment so, the problem is as follows. I my laptop, having Apache running, if I enter via the public ip of my network everything turns ok and I can see my website but, (obviously turning this server down) if I enter from the public IP with the Apache running in the raspberry pi( yes, only that Apache running) i cannot see my website in there. Also, if I access via local network it is a normal success, I can see my website. So, I can enter my raspberry website only via local but in my other web server i can enter it via local and public. I have the same conf files in both of them so what is the difference? I was planning in making the rpi as a development server. Thanks in advance

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• Mac friendly file sharing from VirtualBox

  - by kitsched

  I have set up Ruby on Rails on Ubuntu into a VirtualBox instance on my PC, I enabled Samba and I'm connecting to it via the home network from my Mac. All is fine except that I have some issues deleting some files from inside applications e.g. in Sublime Text 2 when I right click a file in the browser and select delete nothing happens (same in my Git client). To be able to delete files I have to navigate to the folder in Finder (which leaves those nasty .DS_Store files scattered all around) or issue the delete command from the terminal (inconvenient). If you're asking why I'm using VirtualBox for Rails instead of doing the development directly on the Mac it's because the ease of portability. So my question is: are there any network sharing options which I could use to make the Linux instance play nicer with my Mac?

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• SQL like group by and sum for text files in command line?

  - by dnkb

  I have huge text files with two fields, the first is a string the second is an integer. The files are sorted by the first field. What I'd like to get in the output is one line per unique string and the sum of the numbers for the identical strings. Some strings appear only once while other appear multiple times. E.g. Given the sample data below, for the string glehnia I'd like to get 10+22=32 in the result. Any suggestions how to do this either with gnuwin32 command line tools or in linux shell? Thanks! glehnia 10 glehnia 22 glehniae 343 glehnii 923 glei 1171 glei 2283 glei 3466 gleib 914 gleiber 652 gleiberg 495 gleiberg 709

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• Multi-monitor aterm transparency

  - by Bryan Ward

  I have 3 monitors which I set the background with using xpmroot my-5760x1200bg.png I then setup aterm to use transparency by adding the following to my ~/.Xdefaults file. aterm*transparent:true aterm*shading:60 aterm*background:Black aterm*foreground:White aterm*scrollBar:true aterm*scrollBar_right:true aterm*transpscrollbar:true aterm*saveLines:32767 aterm*font:*-*-fixed-medium-r-normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 aterm*boldFont:*-*-fixed-bold-r-normal--*-*-140-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 I am getting transparency on my aterm windows, but the image that is coming through with the transparency isn't correct. On the left monitor things are fine, but the middle and right monitors both seem to use the leftmost 1920x1200 of the background image as what is behind the terminal window. It would be as if every screen had the same background as the monitor on the left. Is this something that can be configured to be correct, or is this a bug? I'm running Gentoo Linux with Xmonad.

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• How to recover deleted files?

  - by vijay.shad

  Hi My laptop has two os. one is windows vista. and other is Ubuntu. I am currently on ubuntu system, this is my primary OS. There are 4 partitions of my hard disk Windows OS Linux(Ubuntu OS) Data Now the problem part. The data partition is NTFS. I have mounted this partition on the location /media/windrive-a under ubuntu OS. A little while back i decided to delete the mounting of the data partition and i fired command rm -r /media/windrive-a/. To give me a shock; all my data on data drive is gone. Now, I know this is not the command to remove mounted partition. But I have committed the wrong. Is there any way i can get my data back. These are very important data for me. Please suggest.

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• How To Start NX/VNC Session At Ubuntu Boot Time?

  - by darkAsPitch

  I want an NX or VNC session to start automatically when an Ubuntu server boots up - without a monitor connected - loading a certain user's desktop and keeping it loaded and ready until I log in via NX or VNC. How would one accomplish that? This code works via my terminal when I am logged in as the NX user, but not via root, and not in the init.d folder. No idea why? /usr/NX/bin/nxclient --session /home/user/.nx/config/SavedSession.nxs Please provide somewhat simplified instructions! I am certified linux newb.

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• Unix users and permissions and how they interact with web files.

  - by Columbo

  Hello, When you issue the command ls in Linux you get this sort of thing: drwxr--r-- 1 fred editors 4096 drafts -rw-r--r-- 1 fred editors 30405 file1.php -r-xr-xr-x 1 fred fred 8460 file2.php I know that the rwxrwxrwx are the read, write and execute permissions for the current user. And I think I know that 'fred' is the user who owns the file. So I assume fred can write to file1 but no one else can. But what is the extra bit 'editors' and what is the difference between file1 and file2 with respect to one having an ownership of 'fred editors' and the other 'fred fred'? Also if a web user connects to one of the files, what is their user name and where is this decided? If the server decided that user connecting from the web was going to be fred, does this mean any web user could write to file1? Any information welcomed, I am resaerching this but just getting confused. Thanks

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• How do I tar dot files but not dot directories

  - by bjackfly

  The following tar command will exclude all dot files and dot directories. tar -cvzf /media/bjackfly/bkup/bkup.gz --exclude '.*' --one-file-system /home/bjackfly In my case I want the dot files to be backed up in the home directory (.vimrc, .bashrc) etc. but not the dot directories /.config /.cache /.eclipse etc. Any Linux gurus with a command for this, or do I need to run a find into a tar or do two different tar commands which is non-ideal? One for dot files in the home directory and one for everything else?

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• How to add LDAP user to existing local group in RHEL?

  - by Highway of Life

  I'm attempting to add some of our LDAP users to a locally defined group on our RHEL server, however I get an error stating that the LDAP user is not found in /etc/passwd. What would be the best way to allow LDAP users to be added to local groups? My feeling is that this must be done manually. I could edit: /etc/group and add the LDAP group to the list. Would that be ideal? [server]# id apache uid=409(apache) gid=409(apache) groups=409(apache) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0 [server]# id john.doe uid=11389(john.doe) gid=6097(ABC_Corporate_US) groups=6097(ABC_Corporate_US) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0 [server]# /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G apache john.doe usermod: john.doe not found in /etc/passwd OS: RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)) Note: Updating the OS on this machine is not an option.

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• Snapshot/rollback for libvirt+KVM?

  - by jtimberman

  I've recently begun using KVM for my development/test environment on a Linux host system with 8G memory. Prior, I was using VMware Fusion for my virtual environment, but my Macbook only has 2G memory. I tried VMware Server and ESX on the host instead of KVM, but the webUI doesn't run on Mac OSX's Firefox, and we're going to be doing more with KVM anyway. The main feature of VMware I miss is robust snapshot/rollback, but I'm missing this in KVM. I understand the snapshot command, but it shuts down the guest OS when complete, and then copying the disk image to preserve its state is cumbersome. Is this really the best way to manage snapshots on KVM?

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• How to switch users without entering password

  - by torbengb

  I'm a newbie running Ubuntu 9.10. I have two users (wife and me), and each user's screensaver is set to lock so that on wakeup, we get to choose which user's desktop to go to. However, Ubuntu requires a password, so this is pretty tedious. I'd like to switch users without entering any password. I know about this trick that works for the boot login, but it doesn't deal with multiple users. Is it possible to set empty passwords for users in Ubuntu, or skip the password in other ways? (I'm expecting real Linux users to suggest that passwordless users must not get any rights and there be an admin user with a strong password. Yes, you're right. But that's not what this question is about. Thanks.)

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• write-through RAM disk, or massive caching of file system?

  - by Will

  I have a program that is very heavily hitting the file system, reading and writing randomly to a set of working files. The files total several gigabytes in size, but I can spare the RAM to keep them all mostly in memory. The machines this program runs on are typically Ubuntu Linux boxes. Is there a way to configure the file system to have a very very large cache, and even to cache writes so they hit the disk later? I understand the issues with power loss or such, and am prepared to accept that. Crashing aside, in normal operation the writes should eventually reach the disk! Or is there a way to create a RAM disk that writes-through to real disk?

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• squidGuard hangs during setup

  - by richard

  I have a squid proxy on my Debian-Gnu-Linux-laptop configured to block some web sites. I can set a browser to use this proxy, but I can also configure it to not use it. As I an using it to block some sites. I do not wish and application to be able to bypass the proxy. Is it possible to to configure a fire wall to black outgoing traffic except if sent by the proxy application or user? I would like a simple configurator if possible.

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• Bash - Program is writing directly to terminal

  - by Salis

  Valve's dedicated server for the Source Engine (srcds_run) on Linux writes directly to the terminal, not stdout. I want to run it as an /etc/init.d daemon on Debian 6, and I'd like to redirect/capture the output to a file. How can I do that? And better yet, why would they output directly to the terminal, is there any benefit in doing that? I suppose I could start another bash instance just for srcds_run, but that seems like a dirty solution, and I still don't know how to redirect the output.

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• fsck: FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED after each check with -c, why?

  - by Chris

  Hi I use a script to partition and format CF cards (connected with a USB card writer) in an automated way. After the main process I check the card again with fsck. To check bad blocks I also tried the '-c' switch, but I always get a return value != 0 and the message "FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED" (see below). I get the same result when checking the very same drive several times... Does anyone know why a) the file system is modified at all and b) why this seems to happen every time I check and not only in case of an error (like bad blocks)? Here's the output: linux-box# fsck.ext3 -c /dev/sdx1 e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Volume (/dev/sdx1): ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** Volume (/dev/sdx1): 5132/245760 files (1.2% non-contiguous), 178910/1959896 blocks Thanks, Chris

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• network configuration busted good

  - by jldupont

  On my Linux Ubuntu Karmic machine, when I try to net conf list I get: [2010/03/14 21:25:18, 0] registry/reg_init_basic.c:32(registry_init_common) Failed to initialize the registry: WERR_ACCESS_DENIED I think I may have busted my networking configuration good this time... I can't get Nautilus "networking" functions to work i.e. the "Places - Network" won't show my Windows workgroup anymore... Please help! note1: I have verified my SAMBA configuration and it isn't the problem. note2: I have uninstalled Winbind, Dnsmasq and Squid to get my configuration as simple as possible to debug.

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• Correlating %RDY in esxtop to CPU Usage in Guest

  - by Joe

  We recently upgrade a number of our VmWare hosts from 4.1 to 5.5 and noticed many of the VMs saw a step-wise jump in CPU usage as shown by the guest VM. We have not yet upgraded vmwaretools on any of the guests, but after investigating a bit more we saw many of these guests with a high %RDY value (50%) when viewed under esxtop. Unfortunately Linux (the guest) just shows "high CPU usage" without any insight into what portion of that is coming from %RDY (VmWare saying, "your guest is waiting on CPU from the host"). Are there any tools, /proc entries, etc. that can shed light on that information?

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• NAS disk - problem with accessing SAMBA

  - by dominolog

  Hello I have a NAS disk running on some version of Linux. The disk is located in local network (5 PC running XP or Vista, all connected to Linksys Router). I have problems accessing NAS resources through SAMBA. The 1st issue is that the NAS is not accessible through hostname (even if it is configured), 2nd point is that it is mostly not accessible through IP manner (\IP_OF_NAS). Rest of services (FTP, HTTP access) works flawlessly. I connected the NAS to my home network (only 1 WinXP and Linsys router) and the NAS is working fine - SAMBA access together with hostname recognition works perfectly. I wonder this is an issue with WINS? Could anybody help? Regards

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• Latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks

  - by aix

  What resources (books, Web pages etc) would you recommend that: explain the causes of latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks; mention tools for looking out for things that cause latency (e.g. certain entries in netstat -s); suggest ways to tweak the Linux TCP stack to reduce TCP latency (Nagle, socket buffers etc). The closest I am aware of is this document, but it's rather brief. Alternatively, you're welcome to answer the above questions directly. edit To be clear, the question isn't just about "abnormal" latency, but about latency in general. Additionally, it is specifically about TCP/IP-over-Ethernet and not about other protocols (even if they have better latency characteristics.)

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• Run shell script on a command

  - by LinuxPenseur

  Hi, I want to run a shell script when date -s <string> command is used. For example i want to log the command to the file /tmp/user.log by executing the following command in the shell script logger -p user.notice "date -s command executed" -f /tmp/user.log How can run a shell script when date -s <string> is executed on the shell? To make it more general, I want to run my shell script when someone else issues a particular linux command on my system. How to do this?

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