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• Use GRUB/GRUB2 to PXE boot OS image

  - by Jack

  Asked this in stackoverflow but they recommended I post this here: Here is the situation I am in: I currently have a Windows drive that boots XP. The BIOS does not support PXE booting so this is out of the question. Therefore, I was thinking I could install a customized GRUB bootloader on it instead such that it will have the option to PXE boot an image from a DHCP server connected to it and have the option to load Windows as it normally does (two items in menu). The catch is it may need to be automated (meaning no keyboard), so is there any way to run a script pre-boot during GRUB loading that determines if DHCP / TFTP servers are running and attempt to PXE boot an image from the network (and if not, say timeout of 10 seconds, regularly boot from Windows drive)? If this is not possible, what are some other options / suggestions? I was reading up on grub4dos as well but I'm not sure that is what I need. FWIW, I'm free to do whatever I want to the drive. I'd really appreciate some help on this as I'm not sure where to start. Thanks!

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• Ubuntu Natty 11.04, Turning the wireless switch off; switches it off permanently!

  - by ZiGi

  i'm using an hp pavilion dv2000 i turned the wifi switch off by mistake, the LED turned orange and the wifi got disconnected. and now when i turn the switch on, it remains orange and the wifi still isn't functional. this happened before; i found a fix that worked searching google. it was done via terminal commands and i didn't have to download anything but i can't find the solution anymore! wlan0 shows up when i use: :~$iwconfig #BLA BLA BLA #... wlan0 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=off Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off more results: :~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not possible due to RF-kill :~$ rfkill list all 1: phy0: WirelessLAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes :~$ sudo rfkill unblock all :~$ rfkill list all 1: phy0: WirelessLAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes :~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not possible due to RF-kill it's still hard blocked! even though the switch is turned on; gives the same result eitherways a direction to a page with a working solution is a much appreciated answer!

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• Computer crashes if left unattended AND running uTorrent, what could be?

  - by DiegoDD

  I have a weird problem in which, if I leave my computer unattended, AND I leave uTorrent open, downloading/seeding, the computer simply crashes after about 20 / 30 minutes (don't know exactly since if I leave it, and come back later, it has already restarted or has a BSOD.) If I leave the computer alone for undefined time WITHOUT uTorrent, nothing happens, and if I am constantly using the computer while using uTorrent, no problem either (I could be using it all day with uT open and it doesn't crash). So what could it be that the combination of those cases makes the computer crash? I have already checked the power management so the computer never enters stand by mode, sleep, hibernate, etc. (the only thing I do is turn off the display). A first guess is that maybe one of my external hard drives DO sleep or enters in a "low power" mode or something if I don't use the PC. but since uT is running MAYBE tries to use that drive, and makes it crash. Could that be possible? How to know for sure if the external drive does that, and to prevent it from doing so. Any more ideas of what may be causing that? Specs: Windows 7 Pro, 64-bit, 2 GB RAM. Latest version of uTorrent (although it has been happening for a while now). UPDATE: i just found out that uTorrent has Disk cache options ( preferences - advanced - disk cache ). I have no idea if that may be causing problems with my external drive, hence causing the crash.

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• Dell Vostro Desktop error.

  - by goldenmean

  Faced a strange situation at work today. We have people sitting at a table on opposite sides, with power cables underneath the table. This morning when the person sitting opposite to me banged his feet on ground, it disturbed the power cable to my PC and it turned-off. So when I turned it on, it says, "No boot device found" Press F1 to setup or F5 to perform test... There was no physical impact/crash/fall of the desktop cabinet, which could have crashed/damaged the hard disk physically. EDIT: The OS is Windows 7 So I tried to recognize it in the Bios setup, but even there it could not find the SATA disk that is connected to this machine. So then I opened the cabinet, removed the power supply and plugged it back again. Tried to reboot, same error, "Boot device not found" It is not recognizing the hard disk. Any ideas about what might be wrong? Hard-disk crash, OS Crash(But it doesn't even go to the point of loading the disk after the initial Bios execution, so doubt this...) Any pointers about how I should proceed to troubleshoot/solve this error are welcome.

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• Replacing HD in an MacOS 10.6.8 server caused all shares to fail

  - by Cheesus

  I'm hoping someone might have a helpful suggestion about this problem. We have 2 MacOSX servers available for file sharing. (quad Xeons - 2GB RAM, both 10.6.8), No.1 is an Open Directory Master with 50+ user accounts, No.2 has only 2 local accounts (/local/Default) and looks at the OD Master for all user accounts (/LDAPv3/10.x.x.20/) Both servers have 3 internal HD's, The boot volume with only Server OS and minimal Apps. A 'DataShare' HD (500GB) and a backup drive (500GB). After upgrading the DataShare HD in Server No.2 from a small internal HD (500GB) to larger capacity (2TB) drive, users are unable to connect to shares on Server No.2. Users get an error "There are no shares available or you are not allowed to access them on the server" The process I followed was to use Carbon Copy Cloner to create an exact copy of the original data drive (keeps all ownership data, UID, permissions, last edit date and time). Everything booted up ok, no indication there was any issues. (Paths to the sharepoint look good) Notes during troubleshooting - Server1 is operating perfectly, all users can access shares and authenticate etc. - I've checked the SACL (Server Access Control List) settings is ok. - On Server2 in the Server Admin' app, I can see all the shares listed ok. The paths seem valid, I can disable / reenable the shares, no errors. - On Server2 'workgroup manager' lists all the accounts from the OD Master in the LDAP dir view. All seems fine from here. Basically everything looks normal but no file shares on Server2 can be accessed from regular users.

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• Linux Software RAID1: How to boot after (physically) removing /dev/sda? (LVM, mdadm, Grub2)

  - by flight

  A server set up with Debian 6.0/squeeze. During the squeeze installation, I configured the two 500GB SATA disks (/dev/sda and /dev/sdb) as a RAID1 (managed with mdadm). The RAID keeps a 500 GB LVM volume group (vg0). In the volume group, there's a single logical volume (lv0). vg0-lv0 is formatted with extfs3 and mounted as root partition (no dedicated /boot partition). The system boots using GRUB2. In normal use, the systems boots fine. Also, when I tried and removed the second SATA drive (/dev/sdb) after a shutdown, the system came up without problem, and after reconnecting the drive, I was able to --re-add /dev/sdb1 to the RAID array. But: After removing the first SATA drive (/dev/sda), the system won't boot any more! A GRUB welcome message shows up for a second, then the system reboots. I tried to install GRUB2 manually on /dev/sdb ("grub-install /dev/sdb"), but that doesn't help. Appearently squeeze fails to set up GRUB2 to launch from the second disk when the first disk is removed, which seems to be quite an essential feature when running this kind of Software RAID1, isn't it? At the moment, I'm lost whether this is a problem with GRUB2, with LVM or with the RAID setup. Any hints?

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• grub refuses to install to raid array

  - by ronno

  I have a software raid 0 setup with dual booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. The GRUB bootloader that is already on the hard drive seems to work fine. However, since the latest package update for grub, it refuses to install the new version to the hard disk. grub-install throws the following error: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9 failed. Try with --recheck. If the problem persists please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map="/boot/grub/device.map" --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to < [email protected] update-grub pops the same "/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map." every alternate line. I don't understand what exactly is going on. I'm afraid to reinstall the grub package because it might mess up the boot, which currently works fine. Is it safe to just ignore this?

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• Extending partition on linux gparted but not more space in the vm

  - by Asken

  I have a vm test installation of a linux running a build server. Unfortunately I just pressed ok when adding the disk and ended up with an 8gb drive to play with. Well into the test the builds are consuming more and more space, of course. The vm drive was resized to 21gb and using gparted I expanded the drive partitions and that all worked fine but when I go back into the console and do df there's still only 8gb available. How can I claim the other 13gb I added? fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2549 cylinders, total 40960000 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006d284 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 40959999 20229121 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 40959999 20229120 8e Linux LVM vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name ct System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.29 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4938 Alloc PE / Size 1977 / 7.72 GiB Free PE / Size 2961 / 11.57 GiB VG UUID MwiMAz-52e1-iGVf-eL4f-P5lq-FvRA-L73Sl3 lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/root VG Name ct LV UUID Rfk9fh-kqdM-q7t5-ml6i-EjE8-nMtU-usBF0m LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.73 GiB Current LE 1466 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/swap_1 VG Name ct LV UUID BLFaa6-1f5T-4MM0-5goV-1aur-nzl9-sNLXIs LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 511 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1

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• file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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• Half of installed RAM is hardware reserved

  - by user968270

  After a rather arduous and convoluted series of problems that left me without a desktop for ~80 days, I've finally got the thing up and running, having replaced the power supply, motherboard, graphics card and CPU. Now, however, I'm experiencing the 'hardware reserved RAM' issue. Perhaps this is the exhaustion talking, but looking at the question that tends to get pointed to when this kind of topic gets locked as a duplicate hasn't helped. I have 16 GB of RAM installed in an MSi 970A-G46, which is spec'd for up to 32 GB of RAM. The BIOS recognizes that I have 16 GB installed, and the resource monitor also shows the whole 16 GB, only it shows 8 GB as hardware reserved. I've seen suggestions that it's an OS issue, but the particular installation of Windows 7 (64-bit) which I'm running on my boot drive is the same as the one that could actually access the 16 GB in my previous motherboard (MSi 870A-G54). I've updated my BIOS using the MSi Live Update tool and restarted the machine with no effect, and I cannot seem to locate any 'Memory Remapping' option as I've seen mentioned. I've physically swapped the RAM between the slots to no effect. I've unchecked the Maximum Memory box in the msconfig Boot tab's advanced options, also to no effect. These are my system's basic specifications OS: Windows 7 Home Premium (64-Bit) Motherboard: MSi 970A-G46 CPU: AMD FX-8150 Graphics Card: XFX Radeon HD 6870 Boot Drive: OCZ Agility 3 Storage Drive: Samsung Spinpoint F3 ST1000DM005/HD103SJ 1TB PSU: Thermaltake TR-2 TR600 600W ATX12V v2.3

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• Changing SkyDrive default location on Windows 8.1

  - by jmblack

  Update: This issue is due to the use of any non-local location for the SkyDrive folder. I've currently worked around this by using a local folder, but this has not resolved the original problem. I am trying to change the location where SkyDrive is located in Windows 8.1. This is the newly integrated SkyDrive, and not a downloadable client. There are a couple of similar questions on this site, but they pertain to Windows 8 and 8.1 Preview: Changing the SkyDrive default path in Windows 8.1 (Windows 8.1 Preview) How do I change the SkyDrive default folder in Windows (Windows 8) The SkyDrive folder is a system folder in 8.1, and like other system folders, has a Location tab in its properties that theoretically lets you change its location. I was able to do this with other system folders such as Downloads and Pictures, but there is an error when I try to change this for SkyDrive. Edit: The location that causes this error is a mapped network drive. The error does not occur when trying to move SkyDrive to another location on the same drive. There are no permission restrictions on the mapped network drive. Edit #2: This is the method I followed that produced the error: A screenshot of the error can be found here Has anyone else encountered this or have any information on this?

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• Strange File-Server I/O Spikes - What Is Causing This?

  - by CruftRemover

  I am currently having a problem with a small Linux server that is providing file-sharing services to four Windows 7 32-bit clients. The server is an AMD PhenomX3 with two Western Digital 10EADS (1TB) drives, attached to a Gigabyte GA-MA770T-UD3 mainboard and running Ubuntu Server 10.04.1 LTS. The client machines are taking an extremely long time to access/transfer data on the file server. Applications often become non-responsive while trying to open files located remotely, or one program attempting to open a file but having to wait will prevent other software from accessing network resources at all. Other examples include one image taking 20 seconds or more to open, and in one instance a user waited 110 seconds for Microsoft Word 2007 to save a document. I had initially thought the problem was network-related, but this appears not to be the case. All cables and switches have been tested (one cable was replaced) for verification. This was additionally confirmed when closing down all client machines and rebooting the server resulted in the hard-drive light staying on solid during the startup process. For the first 15 minutes during boot, logon and after logging on (with no client machines attached), the system displayed a load average of 4 or higher. Symptoms included waiting several minutes for the logon prompt to appear, and then several minutes for the password prompt to appear after typing in a user name. After logon, it also took upwards of 45 seconds for the 'smartctl' man page to appear after the command 'man smartctl' was issued. After 15 minutes of this behaviour, the load average dropped to around 0.02 and the machine behaved normally. I have also considered that the problem is hard-drive-related, however diagnostic programs reveal no drive problems. Western Digital DLG, Spinrite and SMARTUDM show no abnormal characteristics - the drives are in perfect health as far as the hardware is concerned. I have thus far been completely unable to track down the cause of this problem, so any help is greatly appreciated. Requested Information: Output of 'free' hxxp://pastebin.com/mfsJS8HS (stupid spam filter) The command 'hdparm -d /dev/sda1' reports: HDIO_GET_DMA failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device (the BIOS is set to AHCI - I probably should have mentioned that).

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• How can I access user files on a disk moved from a Windows 7 machine to an XP machine?

  - by Fantius

  I moved the hard drive from one machine (Win 7) to another (XP) and now certain folders tell me "Access denied". I am logged in as an administrator. I had a different account on the other machine. Neither account authenticated to anything besides the local machine. The old machine is apparently dead, so I can't do anything in there like change permissions, etc. How can I access these files? Edit: After changing the ownerships of all the files and folders on the drive, I am getting a different error. And it is troubling me deeply. "xxx refers to a location that is unavailable. It could be on a hard drive on this computer, or on a network. Check to make sure that the disk is properly inserted, or that you are connected to the Internet or your network, and then try again. If it still cannot be located, the information might have been moved to a different location." No change after rebooting. Any ideas? Surely the files are still there, right?

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• Use GRUB/GRUB2 to PXE boot OS image

  - by Jack

  Asked this in stackoverflow but they recommended I post this here: Here is the situation I am in: I currently have a Windows drive that boots XP. The BIOS does not support PXE booting so this is out of the question. Therefore, I was thinking I could install a customized GRUB bootloader on it instead such that it will have the option to PXE boot an image from a DHCP server connected to it and have the option to load Windows as it normally does (two items in menu). The catch is it may need to be automated (meaning no keyboard), so is there any way to run a script pre-boot during GRUB loading that determines if DHCP / TFTP servers are running and attempt to PXE boot an image from the network (and if not, say timeout of 10 seconds, regularly boot from Windows drive)? If this is not possible, what are some other options / suggestions? I was reading up on grub4dos as well but I'm not sure that is what I need. FWIW, I'm free to do whatever I want to the drive. I'd really appreciate some help on this as I'm not sure where to start. Thanks!

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• Windows 8 preinstall downgrade to Win 7: UEFI problems :/

  - by Tim Flemming

  I have a friend who has a Hp Laptop with UEFI booting. He locked himself out of windows 8 (forgot his password)... so he called me. Well after trying to use the latest version of chntpw in UBCD5.2.6, i came to the conclusion i needed to wipe the drive and install windows 7. A little googling suggested using certain versions of chntpw, but i decided to not waste the time burning endless CDs. Anyway, He agreed to installing Win7 "I hate the big tile thingys". So i attacked with Gparted. Wiped the whole drive. Set flags to boot. Set part table as MBR. However upon trying to install win7, it still claimed i had a GPT style disk. unable to install. the only thing i can think of I'm doing wrong is not changing the bios/UEFI to legacy... My question is, If I enable legacy, somehow get the drive to actually be MBR, and use my X86 DVD, should I be good? Is there some common glitches ppl miss when dealing with GPT/EFI/UEFI? I need answers cuz he now has a blank laptop which I am responsible for. Another question. windows 8 came installed on a GPT disk. SO WHY WHEN I BOOT THE INSTALL DVD DOES IT SAY IT CANT INSTALL TO A GPT STYLE DISK??? WTF??? talk about the bleeding edge man.

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• Windows Home Server 2011, No disks "suitable for a backup destination"

  - by Scott Beeson

  I recently installed Windows Home Server 2011 and love it. However, when I try to set up server backups, it says no suitable disks are available. Initially, before I set up my RAID, it found one of my twin drives and said it would work. Once I set up the mirroring, that one is no longer available (obviously). However, I have an internal SATA 1TB drive and an external USB2.0 1TB drive hooked up. Both are recognized by Disk Management. WHS11 still says nothing suitable for backups. The two drives details are as follows: Edit to clarify: The system partition is on Disk 0, not listed below. The two below are the two that SHOULD be available for system backups. Disk 1: Dynamic "Data" (D:) 931.51 GB NTFS, Healthy Disk 3: Basic 200 MB Healthy (EFI System Partition) "Backup" 930.66 GB NTFS, Healthy (Primary Partition) What's a bit odd is that in Disk Management the "Backup" volume does not show a drive letter, even though I assigned Z: (which is reflected in "My Computer". I also cannot make this a dynamic disk as it says it's unsupported by the device.

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• User profile service fails

  - by s.r.a

  I have Windows 7 and 3 drives on my HDD. The second drive is D:\, and there are some files in that. I decided to install 8.1 Enterprise so I installed it in dual boot manner beside 7 and in D:\ drive which as I said was not empty and when installing 8.1, I didn't format the D:. I installed 8.1 successfully in D:\ and it was working fine. One time which I came up with 7, I thought I should arrange the 8.1 folders in D: to be separated from the other non-8.1 folders, so I created a new folder named it "Windows 8.1" and cut all 8.1 folders and pasted them into that new folder. Now my D: drive was arranged. When I restart the PC, I selected the 8.1 to start with, but it didn't come up like before and instead, it shows now a blue screen (not the blue screen of death!) and the time is shown in left-down corner of it. When I click the screen this message appears: The User Profile Service service Failed the sign-in. User Profile can not be loaded. I know two things: 1- The problem is to do with that cutting and pasting the 8.1 folders to be arranged. And 2- If I reinstall the 8.1, the problem will be solved (but if I don't do that cutting and pasting again!) Is there any simpler way to solve the issue and have the two OSs with each other?

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• Can I set up arbitrary filesystem redirection in Windows?

  - by Jon

  I am sitting in front of a Windows 7 machine that has no drive Q:. Is it possible to arrange for accesses to Q:\somedir to be redirected to an arbitrary location on the existing filesystems (for example, C:\Windows)? I would especially like a "set it and forget it" option, if one exists. I am assuming (although I have not tried it) that it is possible to use SUBST to mount an existing (empty, created for this purpose) folder as drive Q: and then MKLINK /J to create a directory symbolic link from Q:\somedir to wherever I want. However, this approach has a couple of drawbacks that I would like to avoid if possible: The drive Q: will be visible in the system. It is not as clean as I would like (removing the mounted folder will break it; a batch script needs to be manually added to the system startup). Is there a better option? If there is none and I am forced to make compromises, what is the closest I could get to the ideal solution? Assume anything is up for discussion.

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• Copy a harddrive from a failed desktop machine using a second working one.

  - by MrEyes

  Heres the scenario: I have PC-A, an old PC that runs Windows XP but now refuses to boot due to a failed motherboard (or maybe PSU). This PC has a single 80gb IDE drive. I also have PC-B, running Windows Vista, this is working fine. I want to copy all the data off PC-As HDD onto PC-B. To do this I have taken the HDD out of PC-A and connected it as a slave to PC-B. PC-B now boots and sees the additional drive. However, when I attempt to access/copy user folders (i.e. Documents and Settings/[username]/*) I am told that I cannot access the folders due to user permissions. I am doing this under an adminstrator account on PC-B. So the question is, how can I "backup" the data? Preferably without making any changes to the drive contents. The reason for this is that it is possible that PC-A is failing due to a bad PSU, so I intend to replace it before writing off the machine. However I would feel much happier if I had a backup of the data on the HDD.

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• Why is there an extra HDD under /dev being added in my Linux Kernel?

  - by user1279156

  I have created a Linux kernel and for some reason an extra drive is always added at bootup. My hard drive is listed as /dev/sdb. /dev/sda is created too, and it is 8 MB in size. I can't find anything in the kernel config that is creating this, but if I use a different kernel it is not there. Kernel logs show it as an attached SCSI device, looks just like my hard drive but only 8 MB, and has no partition table. It also doesn't appear to be a physical device. I've tried the kernel on many different models of PCs and it is always there. Does anyone know how to remove it? /dev/disk/by-id gives me: scsi-1AMCC_U21413034D98EB000584 scsi-1AMCC_U21413034D98EB000584-part1 scsi-353333330000007d0 scsi-SATA_ST3250312AS_5VY7SH42 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675-part1 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675-part2 hdparm -i /dev/sda gives me an "invalid argument". dd if=/dev/sda of=sda.img the resulting file does not have any content sdparm results: /dev/sda: Linux scsi_debug 0004 Device identification VPD page: Addressed logical unit: designator type: T10 vendor identification, code set: ASCII vendor id: Linux vendor specific: scsi_debug 2000 designator type: NAA, code set: Binary 0x53333330000007d0 Target port: designator type: Relative target port, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Relative target port: 0x1 designator type: NAA, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 0x52222220000007ce designator type: Target port group, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Target port group: 0x100 Target device that contains addressed lu: designator type: NAA, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 0x52222220000007cd designator type: SCSI name string, code set: UTF-8 transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) SCSI name string: naa.52222220000007CD

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• Efficient mirroring of directories using hardlinks

  - by zoqaeski

  I'm backing up my music collection on to a number of NTFS-formatted external hard-drives; however, as I store my main collection in FLAC and have my library on my laptop as MP3s to save space, I want to be able to back up both sets, because mass conversion between formats is time-consuming. The "music" directory can contain any format; the "mp3s" directory contains only MP3s converted from files in the "music" directory. The music collection on the laptop contains only MP3s, but they come from both sources. When I backup my laptop's library to the "mp3s" directory, I want to only copy across MP3 files that don't exist in the "music" directory; those that do should be hard-linked to the "music" directory. All directories have an identical hierarchy, sorted by artist, album, date, discnumber if applicable, etc, and I use a tagging editor to ensure consistency across all these locations. I'm also using a Linux computer, but keeping the music collections on NTFS-formatted partitions so that they are readable by both Linux and Windows. At the moment, I use the following command to perform the backups, but this is time-consuming due to the expensive nature of finding hard links. rsync -avu --progress --relative --ignore-existing --link-dest=../music/ **/*.mp3 /media/ntfspocket/mp3s Is there a way to perform this backup more efficiently, taking advantage of the directory hierarchy?

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• Is there such a thing as a file hosted container which deduplicates data held within?

  - by Mallow

  Background I have backups of a website which stores all of it's data into a single file. This file is several gigs large and I have many different backups of this file. Most of the data within is mostly the same plus whatever was added or changed to it. I want to keep all the concurrent backups I've made through the years in case I find a horrible surprise of data corruption along the line. However storing a 10gig file every month gets expensive. Seeking Solution I've often thought about different ways of alleviating this problem. One thought that comes up very often combines the idea of a duplicating file system which doesn't require it's own partitioned volume on a hard drive. Something like what truecrypt does, what it calls, "file hosted containers" which when using the truecrypt program allows you to mount and dismount that volume as a regular hard drive. Question Is there a virtual hard drive mounter which uses file-based container which uses data deduplicaiton file system? (This question is a little awkward to put into words, if you have a better idea on how to ask this question please feel free to help out.)

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• Windows 7 Synchronize folders BUT while some files are open

  - by Nick

  I need some way to synchronize 2 drives I have. I want to do this ofter (once a day or so) There is the main drive that I want to clone/synchronize on a backup hard disk. The problem is in that there is an open TrueCrypt file mounted as a drive, and its live. If you don't know what true crypt is, basically you create a file on a hard disk and that file is encrypted. It's constantly open and modified live. Also Its pretty large. 100GB + I will use freefilesync . There are many tools that can do that. My question is, is it safe to copy the encrypted file while its open ? Does the software freeze the file in one state and copies it ? Or will I get a corrupted file on the other drive ? It was not clear to me how windows handles that. I read something about shadow copy, and the software says that it supports this. Does anyone know something on the matter that can help me ? or some software that will work ok in my scenario ? Thanks

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• How to store Movies on a separate volume from the iTunes media folder?

  - by Manca Weeks

  I have a rather enormous Music collection. The music itself is approaching the 1TB mark. I am storing that on an external drive already. My iTunes library files are in their default location (/Users/me/Music/iTunes). My iTunes media folder is on an external drive /Volumes/iTunes/iTunes Music This has been working as expected. Now I would like to store just the contents of the Movies folder in the iTunes media folder on a separate drive. Apparently, iTunes doesn't like aliases or symlinks. I saw somewhere that one could mount a volume in a different directory than the default /Volumes. I would like to permanently mount my new Movies volume in the directory /Volumes/iTunes/iTunes Music/Movies. I know there is a command to do this, but how does one configure Mac OS 10.6.4 to always automatically mount that volume in this directory? I hope someone can enlighten me... If I find a solution, I can finally import all my movies into iTunes and be able to search them and stuff - it would be a dream. Thanks, M

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• Install Windows 8 on SSD and Program & Users on HDD

  - by Foe

  I have been dealing with a few problems while installing Windows 8 on my computer. On my old configuration, I had Windows 7 installed on my 60Go SSD, and my programs and user data on my 1To HDD, thanks to relative links. Yet, while installing Windows 8 on my SSD, he made a small partition on my HDD "System related". Plus, I'm afraid using only links is a bit cheap, and I saw lots of people messing with their registry when trying to put user data on another drive. I read a lot about optimizing Windows 8 for SSD, putting Users on another drive, and very similar situation that didn't quite correspond to what I was trying to achieve. Here's what I tried : http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/4275-user-profiles-relocate-another-partition-disk.html Booting on Audit mode and using an XML to relocate Users didn't work as the specified version in the file is a test one, and I don't what to enter if I'm using the last release. Booting with the install DVD in repair mode to do a copy of the User and create a relative link, resulting in an error on the logon screen while entering my password saying that "The profile can't be load" (average translation of my error from french to english) Do anyone know how to do a clean separated install of Windows 8, with OS on a drive, and the other data on a second one ? Thanks.

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