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  • What's the equivalent name of "procedure" in OOP?

    - by AeroCross
    In several of my programming courses in the University, my teachers always told me the following: A function and a procedure are basically the same thing: the only difference is that a function returns a value, and the procedure doesn't. That means that this: function sum($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } ... is a function, and this: function sum($a, $b) { echo $a + $b; } ... is a procedure. In the same train of thought, I've seen that a method is the equivalent of a function in the OOP world. That means that this: class Example { function sum($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } } Is a method — but how do you call this? class Example { function sum($a, $b) { echo $a + $b; } } What's the equivalent name, or how do you call a method that doesn't returns anything?

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  • Do delegates defy OOP

    - by Dave Rook
    I'm trying to understand OOP so I can write better OOP code and one thing which keeps coming up is this concept of a delegate (using .NET). I could have an object, which is totally self contained (encapsulated); it knows nothing of the outside world... but then I attach a delegate to it. In my head, this is still quite well separated as the delegate only knows what to reference, but this by itself means it has to know about something else outside it's world! That a method exists within another class! Have I got myself it total muddle here, or is this a grey area, or is this actually down to interpretation (and if so, sorry as that will be off topic I'm sure). My question is, do delegates defy/muddy the OOP pattern?

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  • multiple project [closed]

    - by user1783508
    I want a application in which I can create multiple project ex illustration [-] project 1 requirement arhitecture design test [-] project 2 requirement arhitecture design test create any Uml diagram Ex illustration add class diagram add use case add etc. and many other feature. In other words, I want an application like eclipse but for software documentation namely requirement, design etc.

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  • How do you handle objects that need custom behavior, and need to exist as an entity in the database?

    - by Scott Whitlock
    For a simple example, assume your application sends out notifications to users when various events happen. So in the database I might have the following tables: TABLE Event EventId uniqueidentifier EventName varchar TABLE User UserId uniqueidentifier Name varchar TABLE EventSubscription EventUserId EventId UserId The events themselves are generated by the program. So there are hard-coded points in the application where an event instance is generated, and it needs to notify all the subscribed users. So, the application itself doesn't edit the Event table, except during initial installation, and during an update where a new Event might be created. At some point, when an event is generated, the application needs to lookup the Event and get a list of Users. What's the best way to link the event in the source code to the event in the database? Option 1: Store the EventName in the program as a fixed constant, and look it up by name. Option 2: Store the EventId in the program as a static Guid, and look it up by ID. Extra Credit In other similar circumstances I may want to include custom behavior with the event type. That is, I'll want subclasses of my Event entity class with different behaviors, and when I lookup an event, I want it to return an instance of my subclass. For instance: class Event { public Guid Id { get; } public Guid EventName { get; } public ReadOnlyCollection<EventSubscription> EventSubscriptions { get; } public void NotifySubscribers() { foreach(var eventSubscription in EventSubscriptions) { eventSubscription.Notify(); } this.OnSubscribersNotified(); } public virtual void OnSubscribersNotified() {} } class WakingEvent : Event { private readonly IWaker waker; public WakingEvent(IWaker waker) { if(waker == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("waker"); this.waker = waker; } public override void OnSubscribersNotified() { this.waker.Wake(); base.OnSubscribersNotified(); } } So, that means I need to map WakingEvent to whatever key I'm using to look it up in the database. Let's say that's the EventId. Where do I store this relationship? Does it go in the event repository class? Should the WakingEvent know declare its own ID in a static member or method? ...and then, is this all backwards? If all events have a subclass, then instead of retrieving events by ID, should I be asking my repository for the WakingEvent like this: public T GetEvent<T>() where T : Event { ... // what goes here? ... } I can't be the first one to tackle this. What's the best practice?

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  • Writing selenium tests, should I just get it done or get it right?

    - by Peter Smith
    I'm attempting to drive my user interface (heavy on javascript) through selenium. I've already tested the rest of my ajax interaction with selenium successfully. However, this one particular method seems to be eluding me because I can't seem to fake the correct click event. I could solve this problem by simply waiting in the test for the user to click a point and then continuing with the test but this seems like a cop out. But I'm really running out of time on my deadline to have this done and working. Should I just get this done and move on or should I spend the extra (unknown) amount of time to fix this problem and be able to have my selenium tests 100% automated?

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  • Expanding existing DVCS Wiki

    - by A Lion
    A portion of my job is to maintain technical documentation for a rapidly expanding manufacturing company. Because it is only a portion of my job and the company's product line is expanding so quickly, I can't stay on top of the documentation. As a result, I've been yearning for an information management system with a handful of specific features. I've found many products that have a subset, but none that have all the features I'm looking for. I'm at the point of picking an existing product and expanding it to cover my desired feature set, however, this will be a pet project and I will be learning the underlying language as I go. So, the main question is which existing product will be the easiest to expand to cover the full feature set and has a relatively easy to learn language? Alternatively, have I missed another existing program that will cover the feature set or should be in my list of "close, but not quite there"? Feature Set web interface based on a distributed version control system (e.g., git) easy to edit by logged in novices (e.g. wiki, multimarkdown) outputs in more traditional formats (e.g., doc, odt, pdf) edits held in queue until editor/engineer/manager approves them (e.g., MS Word editing) [this is the really big elephant in list - suggestions on where to start appreciated] edits held in queue specifically for engineer approval [extra limb of the elephant in the list] well-supported in the open source community Closest, but not quite there ikiwiki - http://ikiwiki.info (php) lots of awesome functionality and extensions, including easy to edit and based on DVCS lacks a review/forward for review queue appears to be well-supported within the OSS community gitit - http://gitit.net/ (haskell) easy to edit and based on DVCS lots of outputs in traditional formats a great web-based gui diff interface lacks a review/forward for review queue appears to be primarily maintained by one individual

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  • First languages with generic programming support

    - by oluies
    Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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  • Erlang node acts like it connects, but doesn't [migrated]

    - by Malfist
    I'm trying to setup a distributed network of nodes across a few firewalls and it's not going so well. My application is structured like this: there is a central server that always running a node ([email protected]) and my co-worker's laptops connect to it on startup. This works if we're all in the office, but if someone is at home, they can connect to the masternode, but they fail to connect to the other nodes in the swarm. I.E., erlang fails to gossip correctly. To correct this, I've change epmd's port number and changed the inet_dist_listen ports to a known open port (1755 and 7070 respectively). However, something fishy is going on. I can run net_adm:world() and it reports that it connects to master node, but when I run nodes() I get an empty array. Same with net_adm:ping('[email protected]'). See: Eshell V5.9 (abort with ^G) ([email protected])1> net_adm:world(). ['[email protected]'] ([email protected])2> nodes(). [] ([email protected])3> net_adm:ping('[email protected]'). pong ([email protected])4> nodes(). [] ([email protected])5> What's going on, and how can I fix it?

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  • Books for procedural programming [closed]

    - by Student
    Please suggest books for procedural programming. I need to know the core principles/patterns of procedural programming. So it doesn't matter if the book using any language to convey the procedural programming principles, be it pure C or others languages. Nowadays it is difficult to find ones. Even google and amazon searches didn't give me a satisfactory books. You may vote to close this question but please recommend books in comment section.

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  • Are Intel compilers really better than the Microsoft ones?

    - by Rocket Surgeon
    Years ago, I was surprised when I discovered that Intel sells Visual Studio compatible compilers. I tried it in particular for C/C++ as well as fantastic diagnostic tools. But the code was simply not that computationally intensive to notice the difference. The only impression was: did Intel really do it for me just now, wow, amazing tools with nanoseconds resolution, unbelievable. But the trial ended and the team never seriously considered a purchase. From your experience, if license cost does not matter, which vendor is the winner? It is not a broad or vague question or attemt to spark a holy war. This sort of question is about two very visible tools. Nobody likes when tools have any mysteries or surprises. And choices between best and best are always the pain. I also understand the grass is always greener argument. I want to hear all "what ifs" stories. What if Intel just locally optimizes it for the chip stepping of the month, and not every hardware target will actually work as well as Microsoft compiled? What if AMD hardware is the target and everything will slow down for no reason? Or on the other hand, what if Intel's hardware has so many unnoticable opportunities, that Microsoft compiler writers are too slow to adopt and never implement it in the compiler? What if both are the same exactly, actually a single codebase just wrapped into two different boxes and licensed to both vendors by some third-party shop? And so on. But someone knows some answers.

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  • Android Card Game Database for Deck Building

    - by Singularity222
    I am making a card game for Android where a player can choose from a selection of cards to build a deck that would contain around 60 cards. Currently, I have the entire database of cards created that the user can browse. The next step is allowing the user to select cards and create a deck with whatever cards they would like. I have a form where the user can search for specific cards based off a few different attributes. The search results are displayed in a List Activity. My thought about deck creation is to add the primary key of each card the user selects to a SQLite Database table with the amount they would like in the deck. This way as the user performs searches for cards they can see the state of the deck. Once the user decides to save the deck. I'll export the card list to XML and wipe the contents of the table. If the user wanted to make changes to the deck, they would load it, it would be parsed back into the table so they could make the changes. A similar situation would occur when the eventually load the deck to play a game. I'm just curious what the rest of you may think of this method. Currently, this is a personal project and I am the only one working on it. If I can figure out the best implementation before I even begin coding I'm hoping to save myself some time and trouble.

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  • Designing web-based plugin systems correctly so they don't waste as many resources?

    - by Xeoncross
    Many CMS systems which rely on third parties for much of their code often build "plugin" or "hooks" systems to make it easy for developers to modify the codebase's actions without editing the core files. This usually means an Observer or Event design pattern. However, when you look at systems like wordpress you see that on every page they load some kind of bootstrap file from each of the plugin's folders to see if that plugin will need to run that request. Its this poor design that causes systems like wordpress to spend many extra MB's of memory loading and parsing unneeded items each page. Are there alternative ways to do this? I'm looking for ideas in building my own. For example, Is there a way to load all this once and then cache the results so that your system knows how to lazy-load plugins? In other words, the system loads a configuration file that specifies all the events that plugin wishes to tie into and then saves it for future requests? If that also performs poorly, then perhaps there is a special file-structure that could be used to make educated guesses about when certain plugins are unneeded to fullfil the request. Any ideas? If anyone wants an example of the "plugin" concept you can find one here.

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  • How to remove the boundary effects arising due to zero padding in scipy/numpy fft?

    - by Omkar
    I have made a python code to smoothen a given signal using the Weierstrass transform, which is basically the convolution of a normalised gaussian with a signal. The code is as follows: #Importing relevant libraries from __future__ import division from scipy.signal import fftconvolve import numpy as np def smooth_func(sig, x, t= 0.002): N = len(x) x1 = x[-1] x0 = x[0] # defining a new array y which is symmetric around zero, to make the gaussian symmetric. y = np.linspace(-(x1-x0)/2, (x1-x0)/2, N) #gaussian centered around zero. gaus = np.exp(-y**(2)/t) #using fftconvolve to speed up the convolution; gaus.sum() is the normalization constant. return fftconvolve(sig, gaus/gaus.sum(), mode='same') If I run this code for say a step function, it smoothens the corner, but at the boundary it interprets another corner and smoothens that too, as a result giving unnecessary behaviour at the boundary. I explain this with a figure shown in the link below. Boundary effects This problem does not arise if we directly integrate to find convolution. Hence the problem is not in Weierstrass transform, and hence the problem is in the fftconvolve function of scipy. To understand why this problem arises we first need to understand the working of fftconvolve in scipy. The fftconvolve function basically uses the convolution theorem to speed up the computation. In short it says: convolution(int1,int2)=ifft(fft(int1)*fft(int2)) If we directly apply this theorem we dont get the desired result. To get the desired result we need to take the fft on a array double the size of max(int1,int2). But this leads to the undesired boundary effects. This is because in the fft code, if size(int) is greater than the size(over which to take fft) it zero pads the input and then takes the fft. This zero padding is exactly what is responsible for the undesired boundary effects. Can you suggest a way to remove this boundary effects? I have tried to remove it by a simple trick. After smoothening the function I am compairing the value of the smoothened signal with the original signal near the boundaries and if they dont match I replace the value of the smoothened func with the input signal at that point. It is as follows: i = 0 eps=1e-3 while abs(smooth[i]-sig[i])> eps: #compairing the signals on the left boundary smooth[i] = sig[i] i = i + 1 j = -1 while abs(smooth[j]-sig[j])> eps: # compairing on the right boundary. smooth[j] = sig[j] j = j - 1 There is a problem with this method, because of using an epsilon there are small jumps in the smoothened function, as shown below: jumps in the smooth func Can there be any changes made in the above method to solve this boundary problem?

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  • Recommended book on Actors concurrency model (patterns, pitfalls, etc.)?

    - by Larry OBrien
    The Actors concurrency model is clearly gaining favor. Is there a good book that presents the patterns and pitfalls of the model? I am thinking about something that would discuss, for instance, the problems of consistency and correctness in the context of hundreds or thousands of independent Actors. It would be okay if it were associated with a specific language (erlang, I would imagine, since that seems universally regarded as the proven implementation of Actors), but I am hoping for something more than an introductory chapter or two. (FWIW, I'm actually most interested in Actors as they are implemented in Scala.)

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  • What are approaches for analyzing the cost-benefits of a development methodology?

    - by Garrett Hall
    There are many development practices (TDD, continuous integration, cowboy-coding), principles (SOLID, layers of abstraction, KISS), and processes (RUP, Scrum, XP, Waterfall). I have learned you can't follow any of these blindly, but have to consider context and ROI (return on investment). My question is: How do you know whether you are getting a good ROI by following a particular methodology? Metrics, guesstimation, experience? Do analytical methods exist? Or is this just the million-dollar question in software engineering that has no answer?

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  • How to find siblings of a tree?

    - by smallB
    On my interview for an internship, I was asked following question: On a whiteboard write the simplest algorithm with use of recursion which would take a root of a so called binary tree (so called because it is not strictly speaking binary tree) and make every child in this tree connected with its sibling. So if I have: 1 / \ 2 3 / \ \ 4 5 6 / \ 7 8 then the sibling to 2 would be 3, to four five, to five six and to seven eight. I didn't do this, although I was heading in the right direction. Later (next day) at home I did it, but with the use of a debugger. It took me better part of two hours and 50 lines of code. I personally think that this was very difficult question, almost impossible to do correctly on a whiteboard. How would you solve it on a whiteboard? How to apprehend this question without using a debugger?

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  • Middle tier language for interfacing C/C++ with db and web app

    - by ggkmath
    I have a web application requiring a middle-tier language to communicate between an oracle database and math routines on a Linux server and a flex-based application on a client. I'm not a software expert, and need recommendations for which language to use for the middle-tier. The math routines are currently in Matlab but will be ported to C (or C++) as shared libraries. Thus, by default there's some C or C++ communication necessary. These routines rely on FFTW (www.fftw.org), which is called directly from C or C++ (thus, I don't see re-writing these routines in another language). The middle tier must manage traffic between the client, the math routines, and the Oracle database. The client will trigger the math routines aynchronously, and the results saved in the db and transferred back to the client, etc. The middle-tier will also need to authenticate user accounts/passwords, and send out various administrative emails. Originally I thought PhP the obvious choice, but interfacing asychronously multiple clients with the C or C++ routines doesn't seem straightforward. Then I thought, why not just keep the whole middle tier in C or C++, but I'm not sure if this is done in the industry (C or C++ doesn't seem as web-friendly as other languages). There's always Jave + JNI, but maybe that introduces other complications (not sure). Any feedback appreciated.

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  • Examples of "Lost art" on software technology/development

    - by mamcx
    With the advent of a new technology, some old ideas - despite been good - are forgotten in the process. I read a lot how some "new" thing was already present in Lisp like 60 years ago, but only recently resurface with other name or on top of another language. Now look like the new old thing is build functional, non-mutable, non-locking-thread stuff... and that make me wonder what have been "lost" in the art of development of software? What ideas are almost forgotten, waiting for resurface? One of my, I remember when I code in foxpro. The idea of have a full stack to develop database apps without impedance mismatch is something I truly miss. In the current languages, I never find another environment that match how easy was develop in fox back them. What else is missing?

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  • Current trends in Random Access Memory

    - by Nutel
    As I know for now because of laws of Physics there will be not any tangible improvements in CPU cycles per second for the nearest future. However because of Von Neumann bottleneck it seems to not be an issue for non-server applications. So what about RAM, is there any upcoming technologies that promise to improve memory speed or we are stack with the current situation till quantum computers will come out from labs?

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  • What norms/API for monitoring my servers?

    - by dystroy
    I have a dozen server applications installed on my customers intranets (they can send http requests over the internet but cannot be called from outside). They're written in various technologies, mainly java and Go. I want them to regularly push information about their state towards a central server which is visible on internet. Some of this information is generic (is it ON ?), some is specific (size of a cache in an application for example). The main goal is to be able to make a small web page on which I could instantly check the state of every servers. And maybe later add some kind of notification in case of problem. Obviously I can do this by writing a few dozen lines of code each side (or a little more if I put this data in a database) but in order to ease future evolution, it could be interesting to use some existing norms or libraries. So, what are the current opensource free and light solutions to do this, preferably with no central configuration when I add a server ? I'd prefer a norm over a library.

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  • Using Python to traverse a parent-child data set

    - by user132748
    I have a dataset of two columns in a csv file. Th purpose of this dataset is to provide a linking between two different id's if they belong to the same person. e.g (2,3,5 belong to 1) e.g COLA COLB 1 2 ; 1 3 ; 1 5 ; 2 6 ; 3 7 ; 9 10 In the above example 1 is linked to 2,3,5 and 2 is the linked to 6 and 3 is linked to 7. What I am trying to achieve is to identify all records which are linked to 1 directly (2,3,5) or indirectly(6,7) and be able to say that these id's in column B belong to same person in column A and then either dedupe or add a new column to the output file which will have 1 populated for all rows that link to 1 e.g of expected output colA colB GroupField 1 2 1; 1 3 1; 1 5 1 ; 2 6 1 ;3 7 1; 9 10 9; 10 11 9 I am a newbie and so am not sure on how to approach this problem.Appreciate any inputs you'll can provide.

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  • What common term could be used for Web Services, Windows Services etc

    - by Shamim Hafiz
    My question is primarily concerned with making a CV. Normally under the Language section we list the individual programming Languages we've used. For example, C#, C++, PHP. Under the Platform section we can list the various operating systems and devices. Under which category would Web Services/Windows Services fall? My point is these are not platforms by themselves and surely they aren't a language. Is there any common term that can be used to describe these?

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  • How to deal with tautology in comments?

    - by Tamás Szelei
    Sometimes I find myself in situations when the part of code that I am writing is (or seems to be) so self-evident that its name would be basically repeated as a comment: class Example { /// <summary> /// The location of the update. /// </summary> public Uri UpdateLocation { get; set; }; } (C# example, but please refer to the question as language-agnostic). A comment like that is useless; what am I doing wrong? Is it the choice of the name that is wrong? How could I comment parts like this better? Should I just skip the comment for things like this?

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  • If PHP websites represnt 70% of websites in my country then should I learn it?

    - by Fadi Tiwari
    In my country most of the sites are built using PHP and MySQL. Half of those sites use vbulletin and Wordpress. When it comes to companies, ministries and universities they use ASP.NET. I am not sure what should I learn to get more money as freelacer? Should I learn ASP.NET and focus my area to build companies and universities' sites? (And the question if they will know me one day and ask me to build any of their sites or not?) Or should I learn PHP and focus my business on people's sites and maybe some small formal sites? Which option will give me more money?

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  • MVC - Business Logic

    - by BriskLabs Pakistan
    I have created a MVC based simple java application. its helps the user to add records through data forms to database..... i want that the data that i put into the database as a record is worked upon i.e by performing calculations on it. the original data should remain unaffected. while the new data after calculations performed must be stored as a new entity record into database. Where should i write the code for this background calculation .. as it is the rules and business logic... in a new java beans file... Please guide. regards

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