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  • strange behavior in python

    - by fsm
    The tags might not be accurate since I am not sure where the problem is. I have a module where I am trying to read some data from a socket, and write the results into a file (append) It looks something like this, (only relevant parts included) if __name__ == "__main__": <some init code> for line in file: t = Thread(target=foo, args=(line,)) t.start() while nThreads > 0: time.sleep(1) Here are the other modules, def foo(text): global countLock, nThreads countLock.acquire() nThreads += 1 countLock.release() """connect to socket, send data, read response""" writeResults(text, result) countLock.acquire() nThreads -= 1 countLock.release() def writeResults(text, result): """acquire file lock""" """append to file""" """release file lock""" Now here's the problem. Initially, I had a typo in the function 'foo', where I was passing the variable 'line' to writeResults instead of 'text'. 'line' is not defined in the function foo, it's defined in the main block, so I should have seen an error, but instead, it worked fine, except that the data was appended to the file multiple times, instead of being written just once, which is the required behavior, which I got when I fixed the typo. My question is, 1) Why didn't I get an error? 2) Why was the writeResults function being called multiple times?

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  • Using pam_python in a script running with mod_python

    - by markys
    Hi ! I would like to develop a web interface to allow users of a Linux system to do certain tasks related to their account. I decided to write the backend of the site using Python and mod_python on Apache. To authenticate the users, I thought I could use python_pam to query the PAM service. I adapted the example bundled with the module and got this: # out is the output stream used to print debug def auth(username, password, out): def pam_conv(aut, query_list, user_data): out.write("Query list: " + str(query_list) + "\n") # List to store the responses to the different queries resp = [] for item in query_list: query, qtype = item # If PAM asks for an input, give the password if qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON or qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF: resp.append((str(password), 0)) elif qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ERROR_MSG or qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_TEXT_INFO: resp.append(('', 0)) out.write("Our response: " + str(resp) + "\n") return resp # If username of password is undefined, fail if username is None or password is None: return False service = 'login' pam_ = PAM.pam() pam_.start(service) # Set the username pam_.set_item(PAM.PAM_USER, str(username)) # Set the conversation callback pam_.set_item(PAM.PAM_CONV, pam_conv) try: pam_.authenticate() pam_.acct_mgmt() except PAM.error, resp: out.write("Error: " + str(resp) + "\n") return False except: return False # If we get here, the authentication worked return True My problem is that this function does not behave the same wether I use it in a simple script or through mod_python. To illustrate this, I wrote these simple cases: my_username = "markys" my_good_password = "lalala" my_bad_password = "lololo" def handler(req): req.content_type = "text/plain" req.write("1- " + str(auth(my_username,my_good_password,req) + "\n")) req.write("2- " + str(auth(my_username,my_bad_password,req) + "\n")) return apache.OK if __name__ == "__main__": print "1- " + str(auth(my_username,my_good_password,sys.__stdout__)) print "2- " + str(auth(my_username,my_bad_password,sys.__stdout__)) The result from the script is : Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lalala', 0)] 1- True Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lololo', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 2- False but the result from mod_python is : Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lalala', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 1- False Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lololo', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 2- False I don't understand why the auth function does not return the same value given the same inputs. Any idea where I got this wrong ? Here is the original script, if that could help you. Thanks a lot !

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  • How do I so a select input for a STI column in a Rails model?

    - by James A. Rosen
    I have a model with single-table inheritance on the type column: class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base TYPES = [Dog, Cat, Hamster] validates_presence_of :name end I want to offer a <select> dropdown on the new and edit pages: <% form_for @model do |f| %> <%= f.label :name %> <%= f.text_input :name %> <%= f.label :type %> <%= f.select :type, Pet::TYPES.map { |t| [t.human_name, t.to_s] } %> <% end %> That gives me the following error: ActionView::TemplateError (wrong argument type String (expected Module)) I read a suggestion to use an alias for the field #type since Ruby considers that a reserved word that's the same as #class. I tried both class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base ... alias_attribute :klass, :type end and class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base ... def klass self.type end def klass=(k) self.type = k end end Neither worked. Any suggestions? Oddly, it works fine on my machine (MRI 1.8.6 on RVM), but fails on the staging server (MRI 1.8.7 not on RVM).

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  • [Python] name 'OptionGroup' is not defined

    - by Cawas
    Ok, so I made this rookie mistake below, but in my defense I was led to it thanks to how the help about this subject is on python docs, which states how to use optparse. It is actually an error under the gigantic tutorial section. In contrast and to my offense, I may be one of the very few stupid people who can't read very well and pay close attention on what I do. But since this took me so long to discover, I wanted to "document" it here: Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) >>> from optparse import OptionParser >>> outputGroup = OptionGroup(parser, 'Output handling') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'OptionGroup' is not defined This is strictly done with examples found on the docs, and you can't find anything about it anywhere, be it that long long docs page, google or stackoverflow. Plus, reading optparse.py shows OptionGroup is there, so that adds to the confusion. I bet it will take less than 1 minute for someone to spot my error. For that I'll only add proper tags and / or modify the title later on. :)

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  • How to access non-first matches with xpath in Selenium RC ?

    - by Gj
    I have 20 labels in my page: In [85]: sel.get_xpath_count("//label") Out[85]: u'20' And I can get the first one be default: In [86]: sel.get_text("xpath=//label") Out[86]: u'First label:' But, unlike the xpath docs I've found, I'm getting an error trying to subscript the xpath to get to the second label's text: In [87]: sel.get_text("xpath=//label[2]") ERROR: An unexpected error occurred while tokenizing input The following traceback may be corrupted or invalid The error message is: ('EOF in multi-line statement', (216, 0)) ERROR: An unexpected error occurred while tokenizing input The following traceback may be corrupted or invalid The error message is: ('EOF in multi-line statement', (1186, 0)) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exception Traceback (most recent call last) /Users/me/<ipython console> in <module>() /Users/me/selenium.pyc in get_text(self, locator) 1187 'locator' is an element locator 1188 """ -> 1189 return self.get_string("getText", [locator,]) 1190 1191 /Users/me/selenium.pyc in get_string(self, verb, args) 217 218 def get_string(self, verb, args): --> 219 result = self.do_command(verb, args) 220 return result[3:] 221 /Users/me/selenium.pyc in do_command(self, verb, args) 213 #print "Selenium Result: " + repr(data) + "\n\n" 214 if (not data.startswith('OK')): --> 215 raise Exception, data 216 return data 217 Exception: ERROR: Element xpath=//label[2] not found What gives?

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  • When I try to run vim in command line I get Python errors

    - by Eduan
    When I try running vim in the Terminal (so as to follow @romainl's suggestion in my other question) I get lots of Python errors, which all boil down to: IOError: invalid Python installation: unable to open /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h (No such file or directory) Why is this? I can use Python or Sublime Text even, without any problems. The full list of errors is the following: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 565, in <module> File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 547, in main File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 278, in addusersitepackages File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 253, in getusersitepackages File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 243, in getuserbase File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 523, in get_config_var File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 419, in get_config_vars File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 298, in _init_posix IOError: invalid Python installation: unable to open /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h (No such file or directory) Extra info: I am on Mac OS X Mountain Lion (OS 10.8) EDIT: I tried @BobDunakey idea with no success, the idea was to use sudo. I still get the same errors. EDIT 2: I was able to solve the problem thanks to Zirak's solution, which is the following: http://clearfix.be/2012/08/05/fix-mountain-lion-10-8-python-ioerror-pyconfig-h-error/

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  • Debian packaging of a Python package.

    - by chrisdew
    I need to write (or find) a script to create a Debian package (using python-support) from a Python package. The Python package will be pure Python (no C extensions). The Python package (for testing purposes) will just be a directory with an empty __init__.py file and a single Python module, package_test.py. The packaging script must use python-support to provide the correct bytecode for possible multiple installations of Python on a target platform. (i.e. v2.5 and v2.6 on Ubuntu Jaunty.) Most advice I find while googling are just examples nasty hacks that don't even use python-support or python-central. I have so far spent hours researching this, and the best I can come up with is to hack around the script from an existing open source project - but I don't know which bits are required for what I'm doing. Has anyone here made a Debian package out of a Python package in a reasonably non-hacky way? I'm starting to think that it will take me more than a week to go from no knowledge of Debian packaging and python-support to getting a working script. How long has it taken others? Any advice? Chris.

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  • How to workaround Python "WindowsError messages are not properly encoded" problem?

    - by Victor Lin
    It's a trouble when Python raised a WindowsError, the encoding of message of the exception is always os-native-encoded. For example: import os os.remove('does_not_exist.file') Well, here we get an exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> WindowsError: [Error 2] ???????????: 'does_not_exist.file' As the language of my Windows7 is Traditional Chinese, the default error message I get is in big5 encoding (as know as CP950). >>> try: ... os.remove('abc.file') ... except WindowsError, value: ... print value.args ... (2, '\xa8t\xb2\xce\xa7\xe4\xa4\xa3\xa8\xec\xab\xfc\xa9w\xaa\xba\xc0\xc9\xae\xd7\xa1C') >>> As you see here, error message is not Unicode, then I will get another encoding exception when I try to print it out. Here is the issue, it can be found in Python issue list: http://bugs.python.org/issue1754 The question is, how to workaround this? How to get the native encoding of WindowsError? The version of Python I use is 2.6. Thanks.

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  • Ruby Fileutils.cp_r Permission Denied when :preserve => true

    - by slawley
    Hello, I am trying to implement a poor-man's backup/mirroring script and am having some trouble. I am on Windows-XP, using Ruby's FileUtils module to recursively copy files. So long as I don't set the :preserve flag to true, everything works fine. Works: FileUtils.cp_r('Source_dir', 'Dest_dir', :verbose => true) Doesn't work: FileUtils.cp_r('Source_dir', 'Dest_dir', :verbose => true, :preserve => true) I have full permissions on the Dest_dir as it's on the desktop of my local machine and I just created it. I can copy and delete files and folders, but apparently changing, or maintaining the file attributes with :preserve isn't working. I haven't had a chance to try this on a Mac or linux box, but from reading around online the :preserve flag is a normal stumbling block to come up against in a Windows environment. In a similar line of questioning, what is the default behavior for FileUtils.cp_r when it encounters an existing file at the destination directory? Simply overwrite and replace everything in Destination with whatever is in Source, or can I skip a file with conflicts and just log it for resolution later? (If this should be a separate question, just let me know and I'll make it one.) Thanks, Spencer

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  • Problem storing a hash in DB using Storable::nfreeze in Perl

    - by Sam
    I want to insert a hash in the db using Storable::nfreeze but the data is not inserted properly. My code is as follows: %rec=(); $rec{'name'} = 'my name'; $rec{'address'} = 'my address'; my $order1 = new Order(); $order1->set_session(\%rec); $self->createOrder($order1); sub createOrder { my $self = $_[0]; my $order = $_[1]; # Retrieve the fields to insert into the database. my $st = $dbh->prepare("insert into order (session,.......) values(?,........)"); my $session = %{$order->get_session()}; $st->execute(&Storable::nfreeze(\%session),.....); $st->finish(); } sub getOrder { ... my $session = &Storable::thaw( $ref->{'session'} ); ..... } The thaw is working fine because I tested it withe some rows that have been inserted correctly, but when I try to get a row that was inserted using the createOrder subroutine, I get an error saying: Storable binary image v36.65 more recent than I am (v2.7) at blib/lib/Storable.pm (autosplit into blib/lib/auto/Storable/thaw.al) line 415 The error comes from the line that have thaw. The nfreeze did not store the hash properly. Can someone point me to what I'm doing wrong in the createOrder subroutine? I know the module version have nothing to do with the problem.

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  • Turbogears 2.0 with Python 2.6

    - by AKSK
    I've tried to install TurboGears 2.0 with Python 2.6 on both Windows 7 and Windows XP, but both give the same error: File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\Scripts\paster-script.py", line 8, in <module> load_entry_point('pastescript==1.7.3', 'console_scripts', 'paster')() File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\lib\site-packages\pastescript-1.7.3-py2.6.egg\paste\script\command.py", line 73, in run commands = get_commands() File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\lib\site-packages\pastescript-1.7.3-py2.6.egg\paste\script\command.py", line 115, in get_ plugins = pluginlib.resolve_plugins(plugins) File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\lib\site-packages\pastescript-1.7.3-py2.6.egg\paste\script\pluginlib.py", line 81, in res pkg_resources.require(plugin) File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\pkg_resources.py", line 626, in require File "D:\PythonProjects\tg2env\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\pkg_resources.py", line 524, in resolve pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: zope.sqlalchemy>=0.4: Not Found for: City_Guide (did you run python setup.py develop?) Now, according to the documentation on the main site, TurboGears 2.0 supports Python 2.6 in this page: TurboGears works with any version of python between 2.4 and 2.6. The most widely deployed version of python at the moment of this writing is version 2.5. Both python 2.4 and python 2.6 require additional steps which will be covered in the appropriate sections. But they never mention those steps in the documentation.

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  • Python many-to-one mapping (creating equivalence classes)

    - by Adam Matan
    Hi, I have a project of converting one database to another. One of the original database columns defines the row's category. This coulmn should be mapepd to a new category in the new databse. For example, let's assume the original categories are:parrot, spam, cheese_shop, Cleese, Gilliam, Palin Now that's a little verbose for me, And I want to have these rows categorized as sketch, actor - That is, define all the sketches and all the actors as two equivalence classes. >>> monty={'parrot':'sketch', 'spam':'sketch', 'cheese_shop':'sketch', 'Cleese':'actor', 'Gilliam':'actor', 'Palin':'actor'} >>> monty {'Gilliam': 'actor', 'Cleese': 'actor', 'parrot': 'sketch', 'spam': 'sketch', 'Palin': 'actor', 'cheese_shop': 'sketch'} That's quite awkward- I would prefer having something like: monty={ ('parrot','spam','cheese_shop'): 'sketch', ('Cleese', 'Gilliam', 'Palin') : 'actors'} But this, of course, sets the entire tuple as a key: >>> monty['parrot'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#29>", line 1, in <module> monty['parrot'] KeyError: 'parrot' Any ideas how to create an elegant many-to-one dictionary in Python? Thanks, Adam

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  • Python socket error on UDP data receive. (10054)

    - by Charles
    I currently have a problem using UDP and Python socket module. We have a server and clients. The problem occurs when we send data to a user. It's possible that user may have closed their connection to the server through a client crash, disconnect by ISP, or some other improper method. As such, it is possible to send data to a closed socket. Of course with UDP you can't tell if the data really reached or if it's closed, as it doesn't care (atleast, it doesn't bring up an exception). However, if you send data and it is closed off, you get data back somehow (???), which ends up giving you a socket error on sock.recvfrom. [Errno 10054] An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host. Almost seems like an automatic response from the connection. Although this is fine, and can be handled by a try: except: block (even if it lowers performance of the server a little bit). The problem is, I can't tell who this is coming from or what socket is closed. Is there anyway to find out 'who' (ip, socket #) sent this? It would be great as I could instantly just disconnect them and remove them from the data. Any suggestions? Thanks.

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  • PayPal express checkout on the shopping cart

    - by Noam Smadja
    i wish to achieve: so in my shopping cart page i set session("Payment_Amount") = total and downloaded both asp files the wizard told me. expresschecout.asp and paypalfunctions.asp. and added the API credentials to the corect place. and i add the form from their wizard: <form action='expresscheckout.asp' METHOD='POST'> <input type='image' name='submit' src='https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_xpressCheckout.gif' border='0' align='top' alt='Check out with PayPal'/> </form> But when i go to my shopping cart and press on the paypal submit button i am taken to expressheckout.asp but the page stays whit, saying Done in the status bar. how can i debug that? :/ EDIT ADDED MY CODE, ASP: <!-- #include file ="paypalfunctions.asp" --> <% ' ================================== ' PayPal Express Checkout Module ' ================================== On Error Resume Next '------------------------------------ ' The paymentAmount is the total value of ' the shopping cart, that was set ' earlier in a session variable ' by the shopping cart page '------------------------------------ paymentAmount = Session("Payment_Amount") '------------------------------------ ' The currencyCodeType and paymentType ' are set to the selections made on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ currencyCodeType = "USD" paymentType = "Sale" '------------------------------------ ' The returnURL is the location where buyers return to when a ' payment has been succesfully authorized. ' ' This is set to the value entered on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ returnURL = "http://www.noamsm.co.il/index.asp" '------------------------------------ ' The cancelURL is the location buyers are sent to when they click the ' return to XXXX site where XXX is the merhcant store name ' during payment review on PayPal ' ' This is set to the value entered on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ cancelURL = "http://www.noamsm.co.il/index.asp" '------------------------------------ ' Calls the SetExpressCheckout API call ' ' The CallShortcutExpressCheckout function is defined in the file PayPalFunctions.asp, ' it is included at the top of this file. '------------------------------------------------- Set resArray = CallShortcutExpressCheckout (paymentAmount, currencyCodeType, paymentType, returnURL, cancelURL) ack = UCase(resArray("ACK")) If ack="SUCCESS" Then ' Redirect to paypal.com ReDirectURL( resArray("TOKEN") ) Else 'Display a user friendly Error on the page using any of the following error information returned by PayPal ErrorCode = URLDecode( resArray("L_ERRORCODE0")) ErrorShortMsg = URLDecode( resArray("L_SHORTMESSAGE0")) ErrorLongMsg = URLDecode( resArray("L_LONGMESSAGE0")) ErrorSeverityCode = URLDecode( resArray("L_SEVERITYCODE0")) End If %> i am guessing i am getting one of the errors from the bottom but cant find where to see thm..

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  • How to generate an ear file from a maven-archetype-webapp artifact?

    - by Mike
    I currently have a project built with maven-archetype-webapp artifact. The default packaging for this project is war. Is it possible for me to insert the maven-ear-plugin in this webapp pom.xml generate an ear file that contains this project war? I tried that, but the war file doesn't get embedded in the generated ear file. It has everything except the war file. I read many Maven related articles, and perhaps I could use maven-archetype-j2ee-simple artifact. However, I'm reluctant to this use for 2 reasons:- This artifact handles ejbs and all the extra features that I don't use. It makes my project looks bloated. Second, it seems like it requires me to install the web module into the repository first before I can create the ear file. Is this the preferred way to create an ear file? How do I create an ear file that contains the war file using maven-ear-plugin from my webapp's pom.xml? If this way is not possible, what's the preferred way? I'm sorry if my questions sound a little novice, I realized I have whole lot more to learn about Maven. Thanks much.

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  • stuck with enable session state

    - by Shrewd Demon
    hi i have an application wherein i am accessing the Session object in the CommonCode.cs file that resides in the App_Code folder. But when the session object is accessed the application throws me an error: Session state can only be used when enableSessionState is set to true, either in a configuration file or in the Page directive. Please also make sure that System.Web.SessionStateModule or a custom session state module is included in the \\ section in the application configuration. Now i have already enabled the session state property in the web.config file, here is my code from the web.config file: <pages enableSessionState="true" autoEventWireup="true"> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> I dont understand why am i still getting that error !! please help ! thanks a lot.

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  • ASP.NET: disabling authentication for a single aspx page (custom error page)?

    - by Richard Collette
    I am using a custom error page: <customErrors redirectMode="ResponseRedirect" mode="On" defaultRedirect="Error2.aspx"/> I want to disable authentication for the custom error page because the error being raised is related to an authentication module and I don't want to get into an infinite loop and I want to display a clean error page to the user. I have been trying the following configuration to do that. <location path="Error2.aspx"> <system.web> <authentication mode="None"/> <authorization> <allow users="?"/> <allow users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> I am getting a System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException for the line that sets the authentication mode. It is an error to use a section registered as allowDefinition='MachineToApplication' beyond application level. This error can be caused by a virtual directory not being configured as an application in IIS. I have verified that there are no other web.config files in subdirectories under the application's folder. The applications folder is configured as an application in IIS and the error page is at the application's root. File permissions set for the error page in IIS include anonymous and windows authentication (I have tried just anonymous as well).

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  • python-iptables: Cryptic error when allowing incoming TCP traffic on port 1234

    - by Lucas Kauffman
    I wanted to write an iptables script in Python. Rather than calling iptables itself I wanted to use the python-iptables package. However I'm having a hard time getting some basic rules setup. I wanted to use the filter chain to accept incoming TCP traffic on port 1234. So I wrote this: import iptc chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.TABLE_FILTER,"INPUT") rule = iptc.Rule() target = iptc.Target(rule,"ACCEPT") match = iptc.Match(rule,'tcp') match.dport='1234' rule.add_match(match) rule.target = target chain.insert_rule(rule) However when I run this I get this thrown back at me: Traceback (most recent call last): File "testing.py", line 9, in <module> chain.insert_rule(rule) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1133, in insert_rule self.table.insert_entry(self.name, rbuf, position) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1166, in new obj.refresh() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1230, in refresh self._free() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1224, in _free self.commit() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1219, in commit raise IPTCError("can't commit: %s" % (self.strerror())) iptc.IPTCError: can't commit: Invalid argument Exception AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_errno'" in <bound method Table.__del__ of <iptc.Table object at 0x7fcad56cc550>> ignored Does anyone have experience with python-iptables that could enlighten on what I did wrong?

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  • Factory.next not working in FactoryGirl 4.x and Rails 3.0. Anyone know the replacement?

    - by cchapman900
    I'm very new to Rails and am following along in the Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial book by Michael Hartl and am running into a little bump while using the factory_girl gem. Specifically, I'm not sure how to update the code Factory.next(...) Before coming to this, I did run into a little problem between the older version of FactoryGirl used in the book and the current 4.1 version I'm using now, but was able to resolve it. Specifically, the old way of writing code as user = Factory(:user) needed to be updated to user = FactoryGirl.create(:user) That was fine, but now I'm coming to the code (as written in the book): spec/controllers/users_controler_spec.rb . @users << Factory(:user, :email => Factory.next(:email)) . which I've tried updating to . @users << FactoryGirl.create(:user, :email => FactoryGirl.next(:email)) . but get the error: Failure/Error: @users << FactoryGirl.create(:user, :email => FactoryGirl.next(:email)) NoMethodError: undefined method `next' for FactoryGirl:Module I've tried a few different variations but still can't quite get it. Is the problem I'm having with FactoryGirl and just not using the gem correctly or does it have something to do with the Ruby methods?

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  • BeautifulSoup can't parse a webpage?

    - by JLTChiu
    I am using beautiful soup for parsing webpage now, I've heard it's very famous and good, but it doesn't seems works properly. Here's what I did import urllib2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup page = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/14/us/skydiver-record-attempt/index.html?hpt=hp_t1") soup = BeautifulSoup(page) print soup.prettify() I think this is kind of straightforward. I open the webpage and pass it to the beautifulsoup. But here's what I got: Warning (from warnings module): File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\builder\_htmlparser.py", line 149 "Python's built-in HTMLParser cannot parse the given document. This is not a bug in Beautiful Soup. The best solution is to install an external parser (lxml or html5lib), and use Beautiful Soup with that parser. See http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#installing-a-parser for help.")) ... HTMLParseError: bad end tag: u'</"+"script>', at line 634, column 94 I thought CNN website should be well designed, so I am not very sure what's going on though. Does anyone has idea about this?

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  • Python - Open default mail client using mailto, with multiple recipients

    - by victorhooi
    Hi, I'm attempting to write a Python function to send an email to a list of users, using the default installed mail client. I want to open the email client, and give the user the opportunity to edit the list of users or the email body. I did some searching, and according to here: http://www.sightspecific.com/~mosh/WWW_FAQ/multrec.html It's apparently against the RFC spec to put multiple comma-delimited recipients in a mailto link. However, that's the way everybody else seems to be doing it. What exactly is the modern stance on this? Anyhow, I found the following two sites: http://2ality.blogspot.com/2009/02/generate-emails-with-mailto-urls-and.html http://www.megasolutions.net/python/invoke-users-standard-mail-client-64348.aspx which seem to suggest solutions using urllib.parse (url.parse.quote for me), and webbrowser.open. I tried the sample code from the first link (2ality.blogspot.com), and that worked fine, and opened my default mail client. However, when I try to use the code in my own module, it seems to open up my default browser, for some weird reason. No funny text in the address bar, it just opens up the browser. The email_incorrect_phone_numbers() function is in the Employees class, which contains a dictionary (employee_dict) of Employee objects, which themselves have a number of employee attributes (sn, givenName, mail etc.). Full code is actually here (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2963975/python-converting-csv-to-objects-code-design) from urllib.parse import quote import webbrowser .... def email_incorrect_phone_numbers(self): email_list = [] for employee in self.employee_dict.values(): if not PhoneNumberFormats.standard_format.search(employee.telephoneNumber): print(employee.telephoneNumber, employee.sn, employee.givenName, employee.mail) email_list.append(employee.mail) recipients = ', '.join(email_list) webbrowser.open("mailto:%s?subject=%s&body=%s" % (recipients, quote("testing"), quote('testing')) ) Any suggestions? Cheers, Victor

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  • How to modulate every texture unit in OpenGL ES 1.1?

    - by Jesse Beder
    I have two textures and a "blend factor", and I'd like to mix them, modulated by the current color; in effect, I want to use the following shader: gl_FragColor = gl_Color * mix(tex0, tex1, blendFactor); I'm using OpenGL ES 1.1, targeting all versions of the iPhone, so I can't use shaders, and I have two texture units. My best attempt is: // texture 0 glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); image1.Bind(); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); // texture 1 glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); image2.Bind(); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_COMBINE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL_INTERPOLATE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC0_RGB, GL_PREVIOUS); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND0_RGB, GL_SRC_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC1_RGB, GL_TEXTURE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND1_RGB, GL_SRC_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC2_RGB, GL_CONSTANT); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND2_RGB, GL_SRC_ALPHA); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL_INTERPOLATE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC0_ALPHA, GL_PREVIOUS); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA, GL_SRC_ALPHA); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC1_ALPHA, GL_TEXTURE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND1_ALPHA, GL_SRC_ALPHA); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC2_ALPHA, GL_CONSTANT); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND2_ALPHA, GL_SRC_ALPHA); const float factor[] = { 0, 0, 0, blendFactor }; glTexEnvfv(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR, factor); This has the effect of the shader: gl_FragColor = mix(gl_Color * tex0, tex1, blendFactor); but I don't see how to module texture 1 by the color. Is there any way to have the color provided by a texture unit automatically modulated by the incoming primary color? Or any other way to do what I want that I'm missing? Multiple passes are definitely allowed, but they have to have the proper blend effect; I have glBlend(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); enabled, so it can be tricky to get right with multiple passes.

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  • IHttpModule not being applied to virtual directory

    - by arthurdent510
    I have a network folder that is mapped to my iis app as a virtual directory and I'm trying to do some authentication for files that are located there with an ihttpmodule. I've verified that the ihttpmodule is firing properly for anything else in my app, just not the files located in virtual directory. Most of what I've found is that the directory can't be listed as an application (which it isn't), and everything should work. The other solution that I found was to add the the module tag to the tag, but that didn't seem to help either. Everything that I've found talks about stopping this from happening. So my question is what could be set that is causing this to not work? Is there a certain execute permission that needs to be set? Any other iis settings that could cause this? It is an mvc app, and this is how my directory structure is laid out: server/app <- my application folder server/app/content/downloads <- downloads is the virtual directory Do I have to add the virtual directory directly under my app directory? Is that part of the problem? I don't have direct control of the server my code is running on, so testing things out is a bit of a pain... so I was looking for some more thoughts before starting to send emails off to my operations people. Thanks!

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  • .NET 4.0 Forms Authentication change?

    - by James Koch
    I'm seeing some new behavior in Forms Authentication after upgrading to .NET 4.0. This occurs only on IIS 6, not on 7. Background - In web.config, we configure Forms Authentication, and then use <authorization tags to globally deny anonymous/unauthenticated users access. Then we explicitly allow access to a login.aspx page using a <location tag. Generally, this works fine, as it did when we were on .NET 2.0 (3.5). The issue only occurs when we visit the root path of the site, ie "http://myserver/". Our default document is configured in IIS to be login.aspx. Under .NET 4.0, upon visiting that URL, we're redirected to "http://myserver/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=/". If you log in from here, you're logged in and returned back at the log in page (yuck). Just wanted to post this here to see if anyone else is experiencing this. It's not listed on any "breaking changes" documentation I've been able to find. Either I'm missing something, or the UrlAuthorization module has changed and is no longer "smart" about IIS default documents.

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  • spam and dirty words comment post filtering in python (django)

    - by sintaloo
    Hi All, My basic question is how to filter spam and dirty words in a comment post system under python (django). I have a collection of phrases (approximately 3000 phrases) to be filtered. Question (1), are there any existing open source python (or django) package/module/plugin which can handle this job? I knew there was one called Akismet. But from what I understood, it will not solve my problem. Akismet is just a web service and filter the words dictionary defined by Akismet. But I have my own collection of words. Please correct me if I am wrong. Question (2), If there is no such open source package I can use, how to create my own one? The only thing I can think of it's to use regular expression and join all the word phrases with 'or' in a regular expression. but I have 3000 phrases, I think it won't work in term of performance and filter every comment post. any suggestions where should I start from? Thank you very much for your help and time.

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