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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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• What's the downsides of Running Ubuntu 9.10 32bit on AMD64 Processor

  - by Omar Dolaimy

  Hi, I was thinking about installing Ubuntu 9.10 32bit on a DELL Inspiron 1501 with 64bit processor Laptop. Since It's was real pain to me to run Java Browser plugin, Flash Plugin, J2ME Toolkit, and many other tools. But It was 90% OK with me. This was Ubuntu 8.10 (a year ago), And now the Ubuntu 9.10 came and I'm thinking about installing the 32 bit on it and get rid of the pain. Is there a downside for that?? considering that the display card is not supported now so exclude this from your calculation, I will never play REAL games on it and I'm not a big fan of Compiz effects. I'm not here to ask about the performance (which is about 15%+ for the 64bit only), I just want compatibility!

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• Troubleshooting Windows Server 2012 storage spaces

  - by Iravanchi

  I'm trying the new "Storage Pools" feature on Windows Server 2012, and I've created several disks on the pool. When I restart the server, some of the disks (two, out of four) do not attach automatically, and don't show up in the list of disks. I can go to Server Manager File and Storage Services Storage Pools, and the faulty disks are listed with a yellow triangle beside them. The drive health in the properties are "unknown". But if I right-click and choose attach, the disk comes online, with all the content on it intact. But after another restart, it's the same story. I didn't find any relevant event in the event log, how can I find out why the drives are not attaching?

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• smartctl or hddtemp for xvda [on hold]

  - by HST

  I'm trying to check the state of the drives on a remote server running Debian wheezy. I'm using a software RAID10 on top of, I guess, xen, since the entries in /dev are /dev/xvda and /dev/xvdb But it I try smartctl -a /dev/xvda I get /dev/xvda: Unable to detect device type Smartctl: please specify device type with the -d option. I've tried various device type guesses, none work Similar problem with hddtemp, which reports ERROR: /dev/xvda: can't determine bus type (or this bus type is unknown) I've searched the smartmontools documentation, but can't find any discussion of virtual disks. . . How do I get behind the virtualisation to something smart tools or hddtemp can work with?

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• Why does Google Reader use up so much memory?

  - by Ivo

  I'm running the dev version of Chrome and just found out I could see the memory usage of every tab (press shift + ESC to find out yourself). Turns out the Shockwave Flash plugin uses 240 MB of memory and 27% of CPU while having open Google Reader. Killing this page brings it down to 50 MB. I reckon it builts up after reading through about 100 feeds. So my question is: why does it take up so much memory and what should I do to diminish it? Why I care? I often don't restart my browser (or laptop for that matter) and keep the Google Reader tab open for long periods of time. The memory does start to add up that way. Plus I have the feeling, perhaps incorrect, that it slows things down as well looking at the CPU usage. Side note: using Chrome 4 on Windows 7 (32 bit)

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• Building optimal custom machine for Sql Server

  - by Chad Grant

  Getting the hardware in the mail any day. Hardware related to my question: x10 15.5k RPM SAS Segate Cheetah's x2 Adaptec 5405 PCIe Raid cards Motherboard has integrated SAS raid. Was thinking I would build 2 RAID 10 arrays one for data and one for logs The remaining 2 drives a RAID 0 for TempDB Will probably throw in a drive for OS. Does putting the Sql Server application / exe's on a raid make a difference and is there any impact of leaving the OS on a relatively slow disk compared to the raid arrays? I have 5/6 DBs combined < 50 gigs. With a relatively good / constant load. Estimating 60-7% reads vs writes. Planning on using log shipping as well if that matters. Any advice or suggestions?

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• Is there a quick way to create a Windows shortcut to a file without it validating the path?

  - by Alistair McMillan

  Trying to create a shortcut for someone else. It needs to point to files on one of their mapped drives. Instead of waiting for them to be available and create the shortcut on their PC, I was hoping to just create the shortcut on my PC and then transfer it over to their PC. However Windows tries to validate the path as you create the shortcut and since I don't have access to the same files it is throwing up an error and won't create the shortcut. Is there a way to create a shortcut without the path being validated?

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• What should I know before I set up RAID 6 on Linux?

  - by Dan Ellis

  I just ordered five 1TB drives to install as a RAID 6 array in a Linux server (keeping the existing 1TB drive as a boot disk). I want to use Linux MD for RAID rather than a RAID card, to avoid lock-in. The intended use is for storing filesystems for Xen development environments and an AFP server for iPhoto/Aperture/Lightroom. What things should I know before I set it up? For example, what would be a good choice of filesystem, and what chunk size should I use?

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• How do I uninstall Adobe Air?

  - by John

  I stumbled upon Adobe Air in the Utilities folder of my Mac. I don't use Flash, and I am not aware of having installed any other programs which need Adobe Air. There were two files - An installer and uninstaller. Clicking on the uninstaller simply launched a window saying that Adobe Air is already installed on my system! It didn't give me any option to remove it. So I deleted both the files. A few minutes later, a window opened on its own, asking me if I wanted to update Adobe Air now, or later! How do I make sure this cheeky application has been removed completely?

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• Is to possible to achieve the SATA II's 3Gbps (375MBps) between home network storage and home computers?

  - by techaddict

  Gigabit ethernet only has 1Gbps (125MBps), whereas SATA II has up to three times that rate. Is it possible to achieve the rate of three times Gigabit ethernet connection which is SATA II speeds, between home network storage and the laptops and desktops with SATA II hard drives? If so, how? Or, is the limitation of a gigabit ethernet port on the laptops the limitng factor, making 1000Gbps the fastest practical transfer speed possible? (practical, meaning that without taking apart the laptop and doing physical modifications like branching a SATA II transfer cable, etc.) -- I just realized -- wouldn't a USB 3.0 cable do the trick? Since USB 3.0 can reach up to 675MBps?

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• Best way to transfer files across unstable LAN?

  - by JamesTheAwesomeDude

  This is very similar to Question 326211, but in this case, the LAN is an unstable Wi-Fi connection. I need to transfer about 11 GiB of files between two computers, both running Linux (although one may be rebooted into Windows.) Their connection is both slow and unstable (due to Linux's awful Wi-Fi support,) but removable media (such as a flash drive or external hard drive) is not an option at this time. Right now, I'm slowly transferring the files, one by one, across SFTP, but I have to reconnect each computer approximately every 90 seconds, and the computers are not very close to each other, so this is not feasible. This is not a duplicate of Question 30186; that one specifically concerns Windows 7, and all the proposed solutions involve closed-source, Windows-only programs (which are all spyware IMHO, and are all off the table even if I trusted them - one of the computers is Linux-only.)

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• Shrink Partition on Production Server

  - by Campo

  SO our production server was only setup with one large partition. I have setup a standby server and properly partitioned it. Now the boss wants the production environment's partition shrunk. It is an HP DL380 G5 We have 4 hot swap drives in a raid 5. How best should I go about doing this. Seems like a bad idea to me. Should I use windows or HP to do the partitioning? What should I be aware of in a production environment? The idea is to put the site (Inetpub) on a separate partition instead of the C: drive. How much downtime should I expect? Is this a terrible idea? Anything else I have missed?

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• How to get Virtual PC to recognize MIDI devices?

  - by bparker

  Hey all. I have an XP Pro virtual machine running inside Virtual PC 2007. My host machine is x64 Windows 7. I have a MIDI keyboard hooked up to my machine via a Turtle Beach USB to MIDI 1x1 cable. I have installed the driver and software on my host machine and ran a soundcheck, and everything appears to be working fine. Playback is sent to the MIDI device with no problems. However, when I attempt to install the driver and run a soundcheck in my XP virtual machine, the device is not found. Other USB devices (mouse, keyboard, flash drives) work fine in the virtual machine, but not they MIDI keyboard. I'm not sure what steps to take in order to troubleshoot the and get the VM to start recognizing the MIDI keyboard. Any help or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• What is voice xml and how can I host it

  - by Logodym

  Hi, while looking for a way to use speech recognition with flash I crossed paths with voice xml. I've gone through the wc3 description of it but still I have a few big questions. Can I simply create a vxml doc and place it on my webserver? What are the requirements? Will it work? Can I input with a microphone over the internet? I can't seem to find a direct answer to it. Thanks.

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• What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc ?

  - by gyaresu

  Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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• Intel mobile CPU consumption at idle levels?

  - by Ivan Petrushev

  Hello, I was wondering if someone has observations (or specifications) of different mobile processors power consumption levels when idle? Let's define 'idle' with 'browsing web sites trough wifi, no flash, no multitasking'. There are different series processors, recognizable by their first letter. The letter tells about the maximum TDP. For example: T - 30-39W P - max 25W L - 12-19W U - <12W source However this is about maximum consumptions during load. Is there any difference in power levels when the CPU is idling?

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• Copying files within a Workgroup

  - by Andrew La Grange

  I have three boxes operating in a Windows Server workgroup within a closed network. (No Domain / No AD) There are several derivations of the scenario that I'm about to outline, but I'm sure I will be able to retool the solution as and when I need. Essentially the boxes are: 2 x Windows Server 2008 R2 x64 Standard 1 x Windows Server 2000 Standard I need to be able to schedule the copying/and-or/moving of files from various directories and each of the boxes. Each box has a different username and password for the administrator. I have PowerShell 2.0 on the two Win2K8 boxes (obviously). Previously I have used mapped network drives to copy the files, and cmd line batches, but I'd much rather use Powershell if possible (with Shares and/or $ notation). However the Copy-Item cmdlet doesn't seem to be processing the Credential correctly. Perhaps some Powershell gurus out there might be able to help me. Essentially I'd like to schedule a PS run of script to push backup files onto my WIn2k box (old fileserver) periodically.

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• Intentionally hogging Wi-Fi bandwidth?

  - by endolith

  I've noticed that Wi-Fi signals are interfering with a product I'm developing, and I'd like to generate as much Wi-Fi noise as possible for testing purposes. Is there any better solution than, say, dragging large files from one computer to another? Ideally I'd like one computer to just generate a stream of data ex nihilo and stream it to the other computer where it will just be obliterated, so it hogs bandwidth without reading or writing the hard drives. I'm in Windows, though, so there's no /dev/random or /dev/null. And it would be cool if I could vary the bandwidth, too, but not necessary.

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• How to diagnose repeated freezing of windows 7 (comes back alive in few seconds)

  - by Akash Kava

  I installed Windows 7 in a 3 year old machine, it installed successfully, took all drivers and running great, but what happens is every 5-6 minutes it freezes for few seconds... 30 seconds to 1 minute and then comes back alive. I checked Event Viewer, nothing matching the frozen timeline. I would appriciate any help on how to detect causing service/hardware. After it comes alive, everything runs normal, I did run task manager and checked cpu usage, at time it freezes just before and after that no task took more cpu or memory, it was like idle machine. No external usb drives or no devices, on board intel desktop board with SATA HDD, SATA hdd running in absolute good mode.

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• Group Policy processing and autologon on Windows 7

  - by Jason Berg

  I'm trying to accomplish a few things via Group Policy on Windows 7. Software Installation, map drives, map printer, etc. I've got these computers set to autologon. The problem I'm running into is that the computers logon before DHCP has done its thing. Therefore, they don't apply any group policies properly. How do I fix this? I've already set a policy to "Always wait for the network at computer startup and logon". I've read up a bit and this doesn't actually mean that it waits for DHCP. So it's a little pointless. Anything that would delay logon would work. Or if I can somehow make the computer wait for DHCP.

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• New Seagate GoFlex external hard drive reporting temperature 50C and higher--defective or normal?

  - by rob

  I have a brand-new Seagate GoFlex hard drive, and my SMART diagnostics program (CrystalDiskInfo) is warnings me that the drive is running too hot. The lowest reported temperature I've seen it is 48C, and the highest so far is 56C (all of last week, it was at 50C). According to several sources I've found online, including a Google study, hard disks operating higher than 40C have shorter lifespans. The temperature in the room is usually about 23C (74F), and orienting the drive vertically vs. horizontally doesn't seem to affect the operating temperature. Does anyone else have a GoFlex external desktop drive that runs at 40C or cooler? Is my drive just defective, or is this high temperature common for these drives?

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• General video performance affected on Mac OSX 10.5 (PowerBook G4)

  - by r0ca

  Hi all, I'm quite new to Mac and I just got a PowerBook G4 for free. I installed OSX 10.5 on it and for the first two weeks, everything was going kinda smooth even if this is similar to a P3. I'm not expecting awsome video performance but at least be able to watch some videos from Youtube. Yesterday night, I installed Office 2008 for mac and this morning, even after a reboot, my computer is way much slower that I used to know. I watched a youtube video and the framerate was 1:1. I also noticed it on flash adds, it's way slower! Is there anything that I can do to increase video performance, see what's the process list running and taking more GPU or CPU, what's taking more ram and stuff like that?! What do you guys, Mac pros, would do on an old laptop with OSX 10.5 Thanks!

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• How to detect a change in a background window

  - by Leonardo

  Hi, Let's say I have a chat window open in a web browser, and I'm waiting for a message from my partner, trying to do something else in the meantime. The chat window (not an installed program) will not alert me of an incoming message, nor will the task bar flash or anything. Is there any utility that can help me? In search of a solution, I came across AutoHotKey. There is a script called livewindows.ahk, which will show a piece of the window anywhere on the screen, but it won't alert me on a change. I'm not skilled enough to know how to store and compare e.g. every second's content of some window area. Maybe someone has invented this wheel? Thanks in advance for any hint or advice. Leonardo

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• Slight network lag on Small Business Server 2008 R2

  - by Sir.Nathan Stassen

  I recently upgraded a network from a SBS 2003 server to a SBS 2008 R2 Server. Both I and users have noticed a slight delay in network applications and browsing network drives on the new server. It is minor, maybe a second or two at most. However I am wondering if anyone knows of anyway to optimize the networking to service requests sooner to the workstations. The network is running a 1 gig network with some 100 meg devices (mainly network printers). All workstations are XP SP3 Network software runs out of a shared folder mapped as a network drive, no sql databases. Server is a Dell Poweredge T610 with plenty of ram, cpu power, and storage.

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• What are the best options for a root filesystem hosted on SSD under Linux

  - by stsquad

  I'm working on an embedded system which is going to be booting and hosting it's rootfs on an SSD disk. We are currently looking at using Intel X-18M SSDs. The file system structure will have a fairly static /usr section (modulo software upgrades) and an active /var and /var/log for maintaining state and logging. Given the wear-levelling done by the underlying flash does having separate partitions help or hinder? As modern SSDs appear as straight block devices and hide their mapping magic behind their firmware is there any point trying to optimise the choice of file-system that sits on-top of the SSD? Finally does enable SMART monitoring make any sense in this context or are their SSD specific ways of determining the underlying health of the storage hardware?

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