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• Iptables rules, forward between two interfaces

  - by Marco

  i have a some difficulties in configuring my ubuntu server firewall ... my situation is this: eth0 - internet eth1 - lan1 eth2 - lan2 I want that clients from lan1 can't communicate with clients from lan2, except for some specific services. E.g. i want that clients in lan1 can ssh into client in lan2, but only that. Any other comunication is forbidden. So, i add this rules to iptables: #Block all traffic between lan, but permit traffic to internet iptables -I FORWARD -i eth1 -o ! eth0 -j DROP iptables -I FORWARD -i eth2 -o ! eth0 -j DROP # Accept ssh traffic from lan1 to client 192.168.20.2 in lan2 iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -p tcp --dport 22 -d 192.168.20.2 -j ACCEPT This didn't works. Doing iptables -L FORWARD -v i see: Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 33 144 DROP all -- eth1 !eth0 anywhere anywhere 0 0 DROP all -- eth2 !eth0 anywhere anywhere 23630 20M ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 175 9957 ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 107 6420 ACCEPT all -- eth2 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- pptp+ any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- tun+ any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth1 eth2 anywhere server2.lan tcp dpt:ssh All packets are dropped, and the count of packets for the last rule is 0 ... How i have to modify my configuration? Thank you. Regards Marco

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• Why are ISP's installing routers on my site when the feed is a form of ethernet already?

  - by Cosmin Prund

  I'm connected to 3 ISP's right now. Two of them already have routers at my site, the third one announced me "they need to install some equipment" when I requested BGP session. I can only assume they need to install a Router, since that connection is now working fine, using the usual /30 net block for the connection, and the "last-mile" solution is not going to change since they only installed it last week and the BGP was in the contract from the beginning. I simply don't understand this: the "feed" is already a form of ethernet. Even those they're using different technologies for the last mile, they're all entering the ISP router using an RJ45 WAN port. I assume the ISP router does something really important that can't be done by the Big Router on the other end of the connection. It must also be something that can hurt them if miss-configured, since they don't trust us (the client) to do the stuff on our router. And I'm not talking cheap throw-away routers here: One of the routers is Cisco 2800. Edit to add network details: I'm connected to 3 ISP's, two over Radio links, one over Fiber Optic. One of the radio links is going to get dropped and the other radio link will be turned into fiber sometime next year. The fiber is 20 Mbit, radio 1 is 40 Mbit and radio 2 is 2 Mbit. I've got a /24 of provider independent address space. I'm not doing out-of-the ordinary stuff with my network, I'm overly connected because my network needs to be "up" all the time.

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• I get "An error occurred while Windows was synchronizing with [name of time server]." when trying t

  - by ChrisF

  Prompted by the answers to this question I decided to give the Windows built in time synchronisation another go. However, no matter what time server I use I get this error: "An error occurred while Windows was synchronizing with [name of time server]." The help suggests the following as reasons for failure: You are not connected to the Internet. Establish an Internet connection before you attempt to synchronize your clock. Your personal or network firewall prevents clock synchronization. Most corporate and organizational firewalls will block time synchronization, as do some personal firewalls. Home users should read the firewall documentation for information about unblocking network time protocol (NTP). You should be able to synchronize your clock if you switch to Windows Firewall. The Internet time server is too busy or is temporarily unavailable. If this is the case, try synchronizing your clock later, or update it manually by double-clicking the clock on the taskbar. You can also try using a different time server. The time shown on your computer is too different from the current time on the Internet time server. Internet time servers might not synchronize your clock if your computer's time is off by more than 15 hours. To synchronize the time properly, ensure that the date and time settings are set close to your current time in the Date and Time Properties in Control Panel. Now the first reason is clearly wrong - I am connected to the internet. I can see the 2nd being the most likely cause. I have Sygate Personal Firewall running, but it normally asks if something it trying to connect for the first time. Does anyone know I can unblock the NTP protocol - or at least check if it is blocked?. I don't think it's #3 or #4 as I've tried a number of different servers including the one currently used by Atomic Clock Sync. Though if someone knows the address of a UK time server I can double check this.

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• How can I implement ansible with per-host passwords, securely?

  - by supervacuo

  I would like to use ansible to manage a group of existing servers. I have created an ansible_hosts file, and tested successfully (with the -K option) with commands that only target a single host ansible -i ansible_hosts host1 --sudo -K # + commands ... My problem now is that the user passwords on each host are different, but I can't find a way of handling this in Ansible. Using -K, I am only prompted for a single sudo password up-front, which then seems to be tried for all subsequent hosts without prompting: host1 | ... host2 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host3 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host4 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host5 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password Research so far: a StackOverflow question with one incorrect answer ("use -K") and one response by the author saying "Found out I needed passwordless sudo" the Ansible docs, which say "Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not required." (emphasis mine) this security StackExchange question which takes it as read that NOPASSWD is required article "Scalable and Understandable Provisioning..." which says: "running sudo may require typing a password, which is a sure way of blocking Ansible forever. A simple fix is to run visudo on the target host, and make sure that the user Ansible will use to login does not have to type a password" article "Basic Ansible Playbooks", which says "Ansible could log into the target server as root and avoid the need for sudo, or let the ansible user have sudo without a password, but the thought of doing either makes my spleen threaten to leap up my gullet and block my windpipe, so I don’t" My thoughts exactly, but then how to extend beyond a single server? ansible issue #1227, "Ansible should ask for sudo password for all users in a playbook", which was closed a year ago by mpdehaan with the comment "Haven't seen much demand for this, I think most people are sudoing from only one user account or using keys most of the time." So... how are people using Ansible in situations like these? Setting NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers, reusing password across hosts or enabling root SSH login all seem rather drastic reductions in security.

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• Windows Server 2008 ignores any change made to firewall

  - by Maurice Courtois

  I have been trying for the last 2 hours to make my Windows Server 2008 answer ping. I have tried almost every single solution I have found on the web, so far nothing work. My current setup: 2 NIC (1x Internet connection, 1x Local network) Server act as VPN server. So I set the corresponding NIC as either Public or Private. I also enable the rule for "File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request...)" for all Nic and from any IPs. I always been able to ping from the local network or the local ip while connected to the VPN. I also tried to create a specific rule for ICMP ping and disabling the firewall for all but the public nic. Regardless of all this, I still can't ping that server from Internet. Any idea suggestion what could cause this? I have the impression that when you set the server as VPN (I switch the box on when setting it up to block everything else than VPN connection) that changing anything to the firewall setting thought mmc is pointless !?!?

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• Using wildcard domains to serve images without http blocking

  - by iopener

  I read that browsers sometimes block waiting for multiple images from the same host, and I'm trying to do everything I can to speed up page load times. One caveat: I need to serve files over HTTPS. Any opinions about whether this is feasible: Setup a wildcard cert for *.domain.com. Whenever I need an image, generate an number based on a hash mod 5 of the filename, and append it to an 'img' subdomain (eg img1.domain.com, img4.domain.com, img3.domain.com, etc.); the hash will make any filename always use the same subdomain, and therefore the browser should be able to cache the images Configure a dynamic virtualhost record to point all img#. subdomains to /var/www/img I am looking for feedback about this plan. My concerns are: Will I get warnings when my page has https:// links to multiple subdomains? Is the dynamic virtualhost record I'm talking about even possible? Considering the amount of processing this would require, is it likely to even produce any kind of overall benefit? I'm probably averaging a half-dozen images per page, with only half being changed on each page refresh. Thanks in advance for you feedback.

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• Server 2003 and XP Client; Why are HTTP connections being silently dropped.

  - by Asa Yeamans

  On my network, my edge-router, a windows 2003 r2 server router with all the latest updates, will drop packets, but only under specific circumstances. I have troubleshot and isolated it down to the most simple configuration i can. There is NO NAT involved. Only fully-public IP addresses. No Firewalls are running either, all ahve been disabled. no packet filters on any interfaces anywhere either. I have a single Windows XP virtual machine and my edge-router(the windows 2003 r2 server, and also a virtual machine) running on a windows 2008 x64 r2 system (running virtual server 2005 as i dont have Intel-VT compatible chip yet). The edge router can access any external http site just fine, no issues. However the windows XP machine is only able to access certain sites. These work: www.google.com www.txstate.edu www.workintexas.com www.thedailywtf.com . These Dont: www.yahoo.com www.utexas.edu en.wikipedia.org slashdot.org www.bing.com. I have removed all possibility of DNS issues by connecting with net-cat from the XP box and sending GET /\r\nHost: \r\n\r\n and that connection replicates the issue as well. The network setup: My statically assigned IP block: x.x.x.168/29 DSL Modem -----PPPoE Connection---- x.x.x.169[EdgeRouter] [EdgeRouter]x.x.x.170 -----Virtual Ethernet----- x.x.x.174 [Test2] Test2's Default gateway is x.x.x.170 and test2 can ping any and every valid, accessible, public IP address with no packet loss what-so-ever. If i connect directly over PPPoE from test2 (the XP box) everything works just fine... Im at my wits end, i have NO IDEA whats causing this.

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• On linux, what does it mean when a directory has size 0 instead of 4096?

  - by kdt

  Here's a strange thing I haven't seen before -- a directory whose size is reported by ls as 0 instead of 4096, and I can't create any files within it. # ls -ld lib home drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Feb 7 03:10 home <-- it has zero size dr-xr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 Feb 4 09:28 lib # touch home/foo touch: cannot touch `home/foo': No such file or directory <-- and I can't create files in it # rm home rm: cannot remove `home': Is a directory <-- look, it really is a dir So what does it mean for a directory to have size 0 instead of 4096? Filesystem is ext4 on fedora core 14. The output of mount is: /dev/mapper/vg_dev-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/vda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) Output of du -s /home: 0 /home Output of stat /home: File: `/home' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 1024 directory Device: 15h/21d Inode: 34913 Links: 2 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2011-02-07 03:45:46.188995765 -0800 Modify: 2011-02-07 03:11:59.980995019 -0800 Change: 2011-02-06 07:58:45.874995002 -0800

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• The best way to hide data Encryption,Connection,Hardware

  - by Tico Raaphorst

  So to say, if i have a VPS which i own now, and i wanted to make the most secure and stable system that i can make. How would i do that? Just to try: I installed debian 7 with LVM Encryption via installation: You get the 2 partitions a /boot and a encrypted partition. When booting you will be prompted to fill in the password to unlock the encryption of the encrypted partition, Which then will have more partitions like /home /usr and swapspace which will automatically mount. Now, i do need to fill in the password over a VNC-SSL connection via the control panel website of the VPS hoster, so they can see my disk encryption password if they wanted to, they have the option if they wanted to look at what i have as data right? Data encryption on VPS , Is it possible to have a 100% secure virtual private server? So lets say i have my server and it is sitting well locked next to me, with the following examples covered bios (you have to replace bios) raid (you have to unlock raid-config) disk (you have to unlock disk encryption) filelike-zip-tar (files are stored in encrypted archives) which are in some other crypted file mounted as partition (archives mounted as partitions) all on the same system So it will be slow but it would be extremely difficult to crack the encryption. So to say if you stole the server. Then i only need to make the connection like ssh safer with single use passwords, block all incoming and outgoing connections but give one "exception" for myself. And maybe one for if i somehow lose my identity for the "exeption" What other overkill but realistic security options are available, i have heard about SElinux?

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• Ngix rewrite is not working as expected

  - by SamFisher83

  I am trying to learn how to use nginx and how to use its rewrite functionality Nginx seems to be doing the rewrite: 2012/03/27 16:30:26 [notice] 16216#0: *3 "foo.php" matches "/foo.php", client: 61.90.22.223, server: localhost, request: "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" 2012/03/27 16:30:26 [notice] 16216#0: *3 rewritten data: "img.php", args: "", client: 61.90.22.223, server: localhost, request: "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" but in my access log I am getting the following: 61.90.22.223 - - [27/Mar/2012:16:26:54 +0000] "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1" 404 31 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0" 61.90.22.223 - - [27/Mar/2012:16:30:26 +0000] "GET /foo.php HTTP/1.1" 404 31 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0" There is an img.php in the root directory so I am not sure why I am getting a 404 error Here is part of the configuration block: rewrite foo.php img.php last; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; }

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• Almost All Xenserver Logical Volumes Disappeared - Recovery?

  - by Alex

  We had a hard disc crash of one of two hard discs in a software raid with a LVM on top. The server is running Citrix xenserver. On the hard disk which is still intact, the volume group gets detected well, but only one LV is left. (some hashes replaced by "x") # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae LV UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-vQmZ6C LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MiB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 root@rescue ~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 698.62 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 178848 Alloc PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB Free PE / Size 178847 / 698.62 GiB VG UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-53w0kL I could understand if a full physical volume is lost - but why only the logical volumes? Is there any explanation for this? Is there any way to recover the logical volumes? EDIT We are here in a rescue system. The problem is that the whole server does not boot (GRUB error 22) What we are trying to do is to access the root filesystem. But everything was in the LVM. We have only this: (parted) print Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 750GB 750GB primary boot, lvm And this 750GB LVM volume is exactly what we see on top. edit2 Output of vgcfgrestore, but from the rescue system, as there is no root to chroot to. # vgcfgrestore --list VG_XenStorage-x-b4b0-x-x-408b91acdcae File: /etc/lvm/archive/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae_00000.vg VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *before* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013 File: /etc/lvm/backup/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *after* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013

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• Formula-based Excel page headers

  - by Jake Krohn

  I'm using the "Rows to repeat at top" function in Excel's "Page Setup" dialog to ensure that a multi-row header block appears on every printed page of my worksheet. However, I'd like to be able to change certain bits of the header based on the content of the current page. I would simply like to display the value of one cell in the first row that is printed on the page. If this is my header: Section: xx And the data looks like this (columns are Section and Name): 1 Foo 1 Bar 2 Baz I want the "xx" in the header to be "1". If, further down on the next page, the value in the Section column is "3", I want that printed in the header of the next page. I originally thought that using the "OFFSET" function might help, e.g. ="Section: "&OFFSET(A2, 1, 0) But it only shows the offset from the original placement of the header, thus only working on page 1. The end document is a PDF, so right now I'm able to go back in with the "TouchUp Text Tool" in Acrobat and add the numbers page by page. But it gets to be a tedious process with 70+ page reports. Anyone have any better ideas that don't require me mucking up the original Excel document with inserted headers every N lines? This is Excel 2008 for Mac, if it makes a difference.

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• Wifi antenna extension with F-connector/RG-6(RG-59) cable?

  - by rjz2000

  In an older house, the wire mesh in walls surrounding the furnace behave like a Faraday cage and block wifi signals. It is also difficult to lay new cable, however there is television cable to multiple locations due to there once having been a roof-installed, television antenna. It would be relatively trivial to install the wifi router at the center distribution point, then have the antenna broadcasting/receiving the signal plugged in at each of the old television outlets. I assume that it would not be too difficult to find an adapter for SMA <- F-type connectors. The cable is actually RG-59 rather than RG-6, but I assume that it still has relatively good RF isolation along its length, which is no more than a couple hundred feet in any direction. Does anyone know a problem with the idea? Will a router get confused if there is /too little/ interference between the two antenna? Is that length of cable (~100ft) too long for the signal a router broadcasts? I have seen that it is also possible to use old ~$30/each FiOS cable modems available on eBay to extend a network over television cable. However, that seems like a less elegant solution, and might interfere with upnp and dlna services I'd like to have work on a single network. Thanks if anyone has answers or suggestions before I try this project!

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• Wifi antenna extension with F-connector/RG-6(RG-59) cable?

  - by rjz2000

  In an older house, the wire mesh in walls surrounding the furnace behave like a Faraday cage and block wifi signals. It is also difficult to lay new cable, however there is television cable to multiple locations due to there once having been a roof-installed, television antenna. It would be relatively trivial to install the wifi router at the center distribution point, then have the antenna broadcasting/receiving the signal plugged in at each of the old television outlets. I assume that it would not be too difficult to find an adapter for SMA <- F-type connectors. The cable is actually RG-59 rather than RG-6, but I assume that it still has relatively good RF isolation along its length, which is no more than a couple hundred feet in any direction. Does anyone know a problem with the idea? Will a router get confused if there is /too little/ interference between the two antenna? Is that length of cable (~100ft) too long for the signal a router broadcasts? I have seen that it is also possible to use old ~$30/each FiOS cable modems available on eBay to extend a network over television cable. However, that seems like a less elegant solution, and might interfere with upnp and dlna services I'd like to have work on a single network. Thanks if anyone has answers or suggestions before I try this project!

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• Ubuntu 9.04: Ripping CDs with grip?

  - by chris

  I tried to rip a CD tonight, and couldn't figure out how to configure grip - /dev/cdrom doesn't seem to be the mount point for music CDs any more. How can I configure grip to find CDs? Update: /etc/fstab has /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 But there's nothing visible in /media/cdrom0 (or /media/cdrom, which is a symlink to cdrom0) There's an icon on the desktop labeled "Audio Disk" and opening it shows the .wav files on the CD. The location is cdda://sr0/, but grip doesn't like that either. Trying to manually mount /dev/sr0, I get $ sudo mount -t auto /dev/sr0 foo/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: you must specify the filesystem type Update 2: Tried to change the media handling preferences (From a file browser, Edit-Preferences, Media, CD Audio) to "Do Nothing". CD Still doesn't mount. Update 3: With an audio CD in the drive: $ ls -l /dev/ | grep cd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrom1 -> sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrw1 -> sr0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2009-09-15 22:13 pktcdvd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 scd0 -> sr0 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2009-09-15 22:13 sg2 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2009-09-15 22:13 sr0

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• How to connect computers to a network printer behind a router?

  - by kokbira

  General question: How to connect computers to an IP printer behind a router? Particular question: How to connect C-1 and C-2 to PRI? What? Where? [ISP] | | -> IPs:200.X.X.X/other configs:DC | [R-1] | | -> IPs:10.1.X.X locked by MAC,M:255.0.0.0,G:10.1.0.1 |¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯| | | [PRI] IP:10.1.7.7 [R-2] IP: 10.1.0.1,MAC:A | | -> IPs:192.168.1.X,M:255.255.255.0,G:192.168.1.1 |¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯| | | [C-1] IP:192.168.1.2 [C-2] IP:192.168.1.3,MAC:A Glossary and details: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - IP: IP. - IPs: Some IP range. - M: Mask. - G: Gateway. - MAC:A: A MAC address that I will not inform you :) - DC: Don't care. - ISP: Internet Service Provider (not so much details about it on that case). - R-1: A real router or some concatenated so IP range bellow that block is 10.1.X.X and above is ISP. The provided IPs are provided by MAC. As all available addresses are in use, you must clone an existing one to join with a new device (and to disconnect the cloned one). - PRI: An network printer (some people here call that IP printer). - R-2: A TP-LINK TL-WR340G, mine wireless router (since my computer does not have ethernet input, it is my ethernet-wifi adapter :), admin access, MAC address cloned from C-2 (MAC:A). I've to configure 10.0.1.1 and 10.0.1.2 as DNS addresses, other wise I cannot connect C-1 and C-2 to Internet. - C-1: My computer, a CCE XLE-425 (remember: no ethernet input), with Windows 7, admin access. - C-2: another computer with better configs than mine, MAC:A, Windows XP. Requirements: I want to print, to access Internet and to do it myself (no need to call network admin men in black people). Pay attention to MAC clones and DNS info.

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• How to minimize the risk of employees spreading critical information?

  - by Industrial

  Hi everyone, What's common sense when it comes to minimising the risk of employees spreading critical information to rivalling companies? As of today, it's clear that not even the US government and military can be sure that their data stays safely within their doors. Thereby I understand that my question probably instead should be written as "What is common sense to make it harder for employees to spread business critical information?" If anyone would want to spread information, they will find a way. That's the way life work and always has. If we make the scenario a bit more realistic by narrowing our workforce by assuming we only have regular John Does onboard and not Linux-loving sysadmins , what should be good precautions to at least make it harder for the employees to send business-critical information to the competition? As far as I can tell, there's a few obvious solutions that clearly has both pros and cons: Block services such as Dropbox and similar, preventing anyone to send gigabytes of data through the wire. Ensure that only files below a set size can be sent as email (?) Setup VLANs between departments to make it harder for kleptomaniacs and curious people to snoop around. Plug all removable media units - CD/DVD, Floppy drives and USB Make sure that no configurations to hardware can be made (?) Monitor network traffic for non-linear events (how?) What is realistic to do in a real world? How does big companies handle this? Sure, we can take the former employer to court and sue, but by then the damage has already been caused... Thanks a lot

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• Can't mount Linux usb disk. It just create /dev/sg device but no /dev/sd

  - by MTilsted

  I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata). Added: I did try to mount /dev/sg3 but mount say that its not a block device. (File say Its a character special device). Added output from dmesg: [ 97.454073] usb 7-1: USB disconnect, address 2 [ 105.913055] hub 2-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3 [ 107.048054] usb 2-3: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5 [ 107.162900] usb 2-3: New USB device found, idVendor=1b1c, idProduct=1ab8 [ 107.162903] usb 2-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=5 [ 107.162906] usb 2-3: Product: CSSD-R60GB2 [ 107.162908] usb 2-3: Manufacturer: Corsair [ 107.162910] usb 2-3: SerialNumber: 10111441000000990069 [ 107.167651] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-3:1.0 [ 108.195543] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 PQ: 1 ANSI: 0 [ 108.197732] scsi 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0

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• How do you optimize your Outlook Exchange + IMAP setup?

  - by Mike

  My company provides an Outlook/Exchange account we must use for mail/calendar. Like many companies, they unfortunately also provide a ridiculously small mail quota. I got tired of managing and backing up .pst files (since I'm always in my e-mail there is never a good time to back it up), so I started storing my archived mail "in the cloud", using an IMAP server I set up on my Linux box. This has a few drawbacks for me: IMAP (at least the implementation in Outlook) is *very slow*. Furthermore, if I move a large number of messages to the IMAP server, it blocks the entire Outlook client for hours sometimes, which is quite annoying. Can't use exchange over HTTP to do mail without launching a VPN session, because the client-side rules I have which organize my mail fail and disable the rule if the IMAP server can't be reached. If I reply to a message from my IMAP store, I have to specify a SMTP server willing to relay for me in order to send e-mail, unless I always remember to select my Exchange account while composing e-mail. ... but the main advantage of being very easy to back up, with a couple of cron jobs that essentially do an 'rsync'. Short of moving the IMAP server to my local host (which seem like might have the same file locking problems as using a .pst), my options seem limited for solving (1). I'd like to come up with a solution for (2) and (3) though. For problem (2) would it be possible to somehow tell Outlook that the IMAP server is "offline", and have it synchronize my changes during a periodic "send and receive"? If so, I wonder if it would block the Outlook client, like it does in problem (1), and if it would be compatible with the client-only rules I use to sort my mail into folders. I've looked all over the options menu and have not found a way to tell Outlook to not use a certain account for sending mail, which would solve (3). Is anyone else crazy enough to be doing something like this? Any ideas?

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• Network Security Device/Software

  - by Campo

  We currently run Symantec Antivirus Corporate 10.2. The software is really easy to manage on a network but the actual virus detection isn't bad but the malware detection is crap. We recently were infected with a email bot that got us put on some block lists. This has been resolved. I cannot have that happen again. I would like to find a program as easy to manage as symantec that I can install on all the user's workstations as well as the servers. We run a windows 2003 domain. We have a couple 2008 test servers in the environment. Most of the workstations are xp though I am using windows 7 and symantect is not compatible with this OS... So we need a solution that would cover all those operating systems. If it could be installed on macs too that would be a bonus though not necessary at all. This software must detect: Viruses AND Malware I am looking for something that combines the features in anti-malware programs like malwarebytes or spybot with an antivirus program like symantec or AVG. Alternatively if there is a piece of hardware that is a firewall, router, and packet inspection for virus/spam that would be the most ideal solution. I then could supplement with a piece of software that could pickup what the hardware misses. Thank you for your suggestions.

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• Windows thinks outgoing connections are incoming connections?

  - by Slayer537

  I have a rather weird issue.. I'm trying to configure Windows Firewall to block all outgoing connections to a certain app, but allow all incoming. This app is used to transfer files across a network. The reason for this type of setup is to only allow certain users (IP Address) access to the files I have, but to still allow others to see what's available. Since Windows Firewall defaults to allowing all outgoing connections, I made a rule to deny all outgoing connections that were not in the IP ranges I specified. For the incoming connections, I'd like to leave it at allow all, but at the moment it is set to only allow the connections that also have outgoing permissions set. If I blanket say allow all incoming connections, I observe that unauthorized IP Address are able to actually download files, even though their IP was blocked in the outgoing connections. To shed a little more visibility on this, I used NetLimiter to see what was going on. NetLimiter showed me that the connection was an incoming connection. Shouldn't this be an outgoing connection, as I am uploading files to them, not the other way around? Is there a way to make the connection type be correct and show up as outgoing instead of incoming?

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• Can't mount hard drive. Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Sam

  I am trying to recover some pictures on my 320 GB Hard Disk, so I put in a Live Ubuntu CD and am in that right now. In the devices list, it shows my USB drive, but not my 320 GB Hard Disk. I can see the disk in Disk Utility (it says it's on /dev/sda), but it's not mounted, and it says it has a few bad sectors but it is OK. In Disk Usage Analyzer, it says my maximum capacity is 13.4 GB, so it's definitely not using the 320 GB Hard Disk. I tried the following: sudo mkdir /media/newhd (worked) sudo mount /dev/sda /media/newhd (didn't work. it says I must specify the filesystem type) I then tried: fsck.ext4 -f /dev/sda (didn't work. Said: Superblock invalid, trying to backup blocks. then: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda. The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock) Does anyone have any ideas? The whole problem started when my Windows Vista said "Can't find operating system". Any ideas on how I can get on to my hard drive at /dev/sda?

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• Trouble Letting Users Get to Certain Sites through Squid Proxy

  - by armani

  We have Squid running on a RHEL server. We want to block users from getting to Facebook, other than a couple specific sites, like our organization's page. Unfortunately, I can't get those specific pages unblocked without allowing ALL of Facebook through. [squid.conf] # Local users: acl local_c src 192.168.0.0/16 # HTTP & HTTPS: acl Safe_ports port 80 443 # File containing blocked sites, including Facebook: acl blocked dst_dom_regex "/etc/squid/blocked_content" # Whitelist: acl whitelist url_regex "/etc/squid/whitelist" # I do know that order matters: http_access allow local_c whitelist http_access allow local_c !blocked http_access deny all [blocked_content] .porn_site.com .porn_site_2.com [...] facebook.com [whitelist] facebook.com/pages/Our-Organization/2828242522 facebook.com/OurOrganization facebook.com/media/set/ facebook.com/photo.php www.facebook.com/OurOrganization My biggest weakness is regular expressions, so I'm not 100% sure about if this is all correct. If I remove the "!blocked" part of the http_access rule, all of Facebook works. If I remove "facebook.com" from the blocked_content file, all of Facebook works. Right now, visiting facebook.com/OurOrganization gives a "The website declined to show this webpage / HTTP 403" error in Internet Explorer, and "Error 111 (net::ERR_TUNNEL_CONNECTION_FAILED): Unknown error" in Chrome. WhereGoes.com tells me the URL redirects for that URL goes like this: facebook.com/OurOrganization -- [301 Redirect] -- http://www.facebook.com/OurOrganization -- [302 Redirect] -- https://www.facebook.com/OurOrganization I tried turning up the debug traffic out of squid using "debug_options ALL,6" but I can't narrow anything down in /var/log/access.log and /var/log/cache.log. I know to issue "squid -k reconfigure" whenever I make changes to any files.

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• reverse proxying with NGINX to two back-end servers

  - by aag

  I am trying to learn how to configure the Nginx proxy. All requests from external (www.external.com) should go to internal server 10.10.10.16:2080, except for www.external.com/nagios requests, which should go to internal 10.10.10.18. My location block looks as follows: location ~* / { proxy_buffers 16 4k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_buffering off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ""; proxy_pass http://10.10.10.16:2080; } # # nagios server location ~* /nagios/ { proxy_buffers 16 4k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_buffering off; # proxy_set_header Host $host; # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; # proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ""; proxy_pass http://10.10.10.18; } The first location seems to work fine. However, any request to www.external.com/nagios sends the browser into the eternal pastures. Of course, 10.10.10.18/nagios was tested and works fine. What am I missing?

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