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• Lazy/deferred loading of a CollectionViewSource?

  - by Shimmy

  When you create a CollectionViewSource in the Resources section, is the set Source loaded when the resources are initalized (i.e. when the Resources holder is inited) or when data is bound? Is there a xamly way to make a CollectionViewSource lazy-load? deferred-load? explicit-load?

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• Of these 3 methods for reading linked lists from shared memory, why is the 3rd fastest?

  - by Joseph Garvin

  I have a 'server' program that updates many linked lists in shared memory in response to external events. I want client programs to notice an update on any of the lists as quickly as possible (lowest latency). The server marks a linked list's node's state_ as FILLED once its data is filled in and its next pointer has been set to a valid location. Until then, its state_ is NOT_FILLED_YET. I am using memory barriers to make sure that clients don't see the state_ as FILLED before the data within is actually ready (and it seems to work, I never see corrupt data). Also, state_ is volatile to be sure the compiler doesn't lift the client's checking of it out of loops. Keeping the server code exactly the same, I've come up with 3 different methods for the client to scan the linked lists for changes. The question is: Why is the 3rd method fastest? Method 1: Round robin over all the linked lists (called 'channels') continuously, looking to see if any nodes have changed to 'FILLED': void method_one() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } while(true) { for(std::size_t i = 0; i < channel_list.size(); ++i) { Data* current_item = channel_cursors[i]; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[i] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); } } } Method 1 gave very low latency when then number of channels was small. But when the number of channels grew (250K+) it became very slow because of looping over all the channels. So I tried... Method 2: Give each linked list an ID. Keep a separate 'update list' to the side. Every time one of the linked lists is updated, push its ID on to the update list. Now we just need to monitor the single update list, and check the IDs we get from it. void method_two() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } UpdateID* update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_channel.tail_.get(segment)); while(true) { if(update_cursor->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } ::uint32_t update_id = update_cursor->list_id_; Data* current_item = channel_cursors[update_id]; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { std::cerr << "This should never print." << std::endl; // it doesn't continue; } log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[update_id] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_cursor->next_.get(segment)); } } Method 2 gave TERRIBLE latency. Whereas Method 1 might give under 10us latency, Method 2 would inexplicably often given 8ms latency! Using gettimeofday it appears that the change in update_cursor-state_ was very slow to propogate from the server's view to the client's (I'm on a multicore box, so I assume the delay is due to cache). So I tried a hybrid approach... Method 3: Keep the update list. But loop over all the channels continuously, and within each iteration check if the update list has updated. If it has, go with the number pushed onto it. If it hasn't, check the channel we've currently iterated to. void method_three() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } UpdateID* update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_channel.tail_.get(segment)); while(true) { for(std::size_t i = 0; i < channel_list.size(); ++i) { std::size_t idx = i; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(update_cursor->state_ != NOT_FILLED_YET) { //std::cerr << "Found via update" << std::endl; i--; idx = update_cursor->list_id_; update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_cursor->next_.get(segment)); } Data* current_item = channel_cursors[idx]; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } found_an_update = true; log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[idx] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); } } } The latency of this method was as good as Method 1, but scaled to large numbers of channels. The problem is, I have no clue why. Just to throw a wrench in things: if I uncomment the 'found via update' part, it prints between EVERY LATENCY LOG MESSAGE. Which means things are only ever found on the update list! So I don't understand how this method can be faster than method 2. The full, compilable code (requires GCC and boost-1.41) that generates random strings as test data is at: http://pastebin.com/e3HuL0nr

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• Screen scrape a web page that uses javaScript and frames

  - by Mello

  Hi, I want to scrape data from www.marktplaats.nl . I want to analyze the scraped description, price, date and views in Excel/Access. I tried to scrape data with Ruby (nokogiri, scrapi) but nothing worked. (on other sites it worked well) The main problem is that for example selectorgadget and the add-on firebug (Firefox) don’t find any css I can use to scrape the page. On other sites I can extract the css with selectorgadget or firebug and use it with nokogiri or scrapi. Due to lack of experience it is difficult to identify the problem and therefore searching for a solution isn’t easy. Can you tell me where to start solving this problem and where I maybe can find more info about a similar scraping process? Thanks in advance!

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• C++: how to truncate the double in efficient way?

  - by Arman

  Hello, I would like to truncate the float to 4 digits. Are there some efficient way to do that? My current solution is: double roundDBL(double d,unsigned int p=4) { unsigned int fac=pow(10,p); double facinv=1.0/static_cast<double>(fac); double x=static_cast<unsigned int>(x*fac)/facinv; return x; } but using pow and delete seems to me not so efficient. kind regards Arman.

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• jQuery UI Tabs - bind tabs to links on the same page

  - by Troy

  Hello, I'm trying to bind tabs to a link on the same page, but I'm a relative newby to jQuery and need some help. I have the tabs working with the code from jQuery UI site. However, how do I bind the links in the sidebar on the same page? <script> $(function() { $( "#tabs" ).tabs(); }); /script> <div class="demo"> <div id="tabs"> <ul> <li><a href="#tabs-1">Nunc tincidunt</a></li> <li><a href="#tabs-2">Proin dolor</a></li> <li><a href="#tabs-3">Aenean lacinia</a></li> </ul> <div id="tabs-1"> <p>Proin elit arcu, rutrum commodo, vehicula tempus, commodo a, risus. Curabitur nec arcu. Donec sollicitudin mi sit amet mauris. Nam elementum quam ullamcorper ante. Etiam aliquet massa et lorem. Mauris dapibus lacus auctor risus. Aenean tempor ullamcorper leo. Vivamus sed magna quis ligula eleifend adipiscing. Duis orci. Aliquam sodales tortor vitae ipsum. Aliquam nulla. Duis aliquam molestie erat. Ut et mauris vel pede varius sollicitudin. Sed ut dolor nec orci tincidunt interdum. Phasellus ipsum. Nunc tristique tempus lectus.</p> </div> <div id="tabs-2"> <p>Morbi tincidunt, dui sit amet facilisis feugiat, odio metus gravida ante, ut pharetra massa metus id nunc. Duis scelerisque molestie turpis. Sed fringilla, massa eget luctus malesuada, metus eros molestie lectus, ut tempus eros massa ut dolor. Aenean aliquet fringilla sem. Suspendisse sed ligula in ligula suscipit aliquam. Praesent in eros vestibulum mi adipiscing adipiscing. Morbi facilisis. Curabitur ornare consequat nunc. Aenean vel metus. Ut posuere viverra nulla. Aliquam erat volutpat. Pellentesque convallis. Maecenas feugiat, tellus pellentesque pretium posuere, felis lorem euismod felis, eu ornare leo nisi vel felis. Mauris consectetur tortor et purus.</p> </div> <div id="tabs-3"> <p>Mauris eleifend est et turpis. Duis id erat. Suspendisse potenti. Aliquam vulputate, pede vel vehicula accumsan, mi neque rutrum erat, eu congue orci lorem eget lorem. Vestibulum non ante. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Fusce sodales. Quisque eu urna vel enim commodo pellentesque. Praesent eu risus hendrerit ligula tempus pretium. Curabitur lorem enim, pretium nec, feugiat nec, luctus a, lacus.</p> <p>Duis cursus. Maecenas ligula eros, blandit nec, pharetra at, semper at, magna. Nullam ac lacus. Nulla facilisi. Praesent viverra justo vitae neque. Praesent blandit adipiscing velit. Suspendisse potenti. Donec mattis, pede vel pharetra blandit, magna ligula faucibus eros, id euismod lacus dolor eget odio. Nam scelerisque. Donec non libero sed nulla mattis commodo. Ut sagittis. Donec nisi lectus, feugiat porttitor, tempor ac, tempor vitae, pede. Aenean vehicula velit eu tellus interdum rutrum. Maecenas commodo. Pellentesque nec elit. Fusce in lacus. Vivamus a libero vitae lectus hendrerit hendrerit.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <a href="#tab-1" id="tab-1"><img src="image1.jpg" /></a> <a href="#tab-2" id="tab-2"><img src="image2.jpg" /></a> </div>

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• Get forum page by PostID

  - by cem

  I can't figure out how it's working. Like this. How is this get page number -and records- by post id? I think the first option is; declare an index / int variable in post table and increase-decrease it when adding and deleting post. but whats happen when i delete first row and if table has one million records? Do you have any idea about this? by the way, i'm using nhibernate and sql server 2005. Thank you

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• appending to cursor in oracle

  - by Omnipresent

  I asked a question yesterday which got answers but didnt answer the main point. I wanted to reduce amount of time it took to do a MINUS operation. Now, I'm thinking about doing MINUS operation in blocks of 5000, appending each iterations results to the cursor and finally returning the cursor. I have following: V_CNT NUMBER :=0; V_INTERVAL NUMBER := 5000; begin select count(1) into v_cnt from TABLE_1 while (v_cnt > 0) loop open cv_1 for SELECT A.HEAD,A.EFFECTIVE_DATE, FROM TABLE_1 A WHERE A.TYPE_OF_ACTION='6' AND A.EFFECTIVE_DATE >= ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-15) AND A.ROWNUM <= V_INTERVAL MINUS SELECT B.head,B.EFFECTIVE_DATE, FROM TABLE_2 B AND B.ROWNUM <= V_INTERVAL V_CNT := V_CNT - V_INTERVAL; END LOOP; end; However, as you see...in each iteration the cursor is overwritten. How can I change the code so that in each iteration it appends to cv_1 cursor rather than overwriting?

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• clarification on yslow rules

  - by ooo

  i ran yslow and i got a bad score on expires header: Here was the message: Grade F on Add Expires headers There are 45 static components without a far-future expiration date. i am using IIS on a hosted environment. what do i need to do on my css or js files to fix this issue ?

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• The fastest way to do a collection subtraction

  - by Tony

  I have two Sets. Set<B> b is the subset of Set<A> a. they're both very huge Sets. I want to subtract b from a , what's the best practice to do this common operation ? I've written to many codes like this , and I don't think it's efficient. what's your idea ? for(int i = 0 ; i < a.size(); i++) { for (int j=0 ; j < b.size() ;j++) { // do comparison , if found equals ,remove from a break; } } And I want to find an algorithm , not only applies to Sets, also works for Array.

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• Optimizing MySql query to avoid using "Using filesort"

  - by usef_ksa

  I need your help to optimize the query to avoid using "Using filesort".The job of the query is to select all the articles that belongs to specific tag. The query is: "select title from tag,article where tag='Riyad' AND tag.article_id=article.id order by tag.article_id". the tables structure are the following: Tag table CREATE TABLE `tag` ( `tag` VARCHAR( 30 ) NOT NULL , `article_id` INT NOT NULL , INDEX ( `tag` ) ) ENGINE = MYISAM ; Article table CREATE TABLE `article` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY , `title` VARCHAR( 60 ) NOT NULL ) ENGINE = MYISAM Sample data INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (1, 'About Riyad'); INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (2, 'About Newyork'); INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (3, 'About Paris'); INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (4, 'About London'); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('Riyad', 1); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('Saudia', 1); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('Newyork', 2); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('USA', 2); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('Paris', 3); INSERT INTO `tag` VALUES ('France', 3);

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• Javascript Running slow in IE

  - by SharePoint Newbie

  Hi, Javascript is running extremely slow on IE on some pages in our site. Profiling seems to show that the following methods are taking the most time: (Method, count, inclusive time, exclusive time) JScript - window script block 2,332 237.98 184.98 getDimensions 4 33 33 eh 213 32 32 extend 446 30 30 tt_HideSrcTagsRecurs 1,362 26 26 String.split 794 18 18 $ 717 49 17 findElements 104 184.98 14 What does "JScript - window script block" do? We are using jquery and prototype. Thanks,

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• which one run faster in mysql

  - by hd

  which one run faster in mysql: a query with multiple joins or that query with using nested select?

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• SQL Server Mutliple Joins Taxing CPU

  - by durilai

  I have a stored procedure on SQL server 2005. It is pulling from a Table function, and has two joins. When the query is run using a load test it kills the CPU 100% across all 16 cores! I have determined that removing one of the joins makes the query run fine, but both taxes the CPU. Select SKey From dbo.tfnGetLatest(@ID) a left join [STAGING].dbo.RefSrvc b on a.LID = b.ESIID left join [STAGING].dbo.RefSrvc c on a.EID = c.ESIID Any help is appreciated, note the join is happening on the same table in a different database on the same server.

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• Optimizing Haskell code

  - by Masse

  I'm trying to learn Haskell and after an article in reddit about Markov text chains, I decided to implement Markov text generation first in Python and now in Haskell. However I noticed that my python implementation is way faster than the Haskell version, even Haskell is compiled to native code. I am wondering what I should do to make the Haskell code run faster and for now I believe it's so much slower because of using Data.Map instead of hashmaps, but I'm not sure I'll post the Python code and Haskell as well. With the same data, Python takes around 3 seconds and Haskell is closer to 16 seconds. It comes without saying that I'll take any constructive criticism :). import random import re import cPickle class Markov: def __init__(self, filenames): self.filenames = filenames self.cache = self.train(self.readfiles()) picklefd = open("dump", "w") cPickle.dump(self.cache, picklefd) picklefd.close() def train(self, text): splitted = re.findall(r"(\w+|[.!?',])", text) print "Total of %d splitted words" % (len(splitted)) cache = {} for i in xrange(len(splitted)-2): pair = (splitted[i], splitted[i+1]) followup = splitted[i+2] if pair in cache: if followup not in cache[pair]: cache[pair][followup] = 1 else: cache[pair][followup] += 1 else: cache[pair] = {followup: 1} return cache def readfiles(self): data = "" for filename in self.filenames: fd = open(filename) data += fd.read() fd.close() return data def concat(self, words): sentence = "" for word in words: if word in "'\",?!:;.": sentence = sentence[0:-1] + word + " " else: sentence += word + " " return sentence def pickword(self, words): temp = [(k, words[k]) for k in words] results = [] for (word, n) in temp: results.append(word) if n > 1: for i in xrange(n-1): results.append(word) return random.choice(results) def gentext(self, words): allwords = [k for k in self.cache] (first, second) = random.choice(filter(lambda (a,b): a.istitle(), [k for k in self.cache])) sentence = [first, second] while len(sentence) < words or sentence[-1] is not ".": current = (sentence[-2], sentence[-1]) if current in self.cache: followup = self.pickword(self.cache[current]) sentence.append(followup) else: print "Wasn't able to. Breaking" break print self.concat(sentence) Markov(["76.txt"]) -- module Markov ( train , fox ) where import Debug.Trace import qualified Data.Map as M import qualified System.Random as R import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B type Database = M.Map (B.ByteString, B.ByteString) (M.Map B.ByteString Int) train :: [B.ByteString] -> Database train (x:y:[]) = M.empty train (x:y:z:xs) = let l = train (y:z:xs) in M.insertWith' (\new old -> M.insertWith' (+) z 1 old) (x, y) (M.singleton z 1) `seq` l main = do contents <- B.readFile "76.txt" print $ train $ B.words contents fox="The quick brown fox jumps over the brown fox who is slow jumps over the brown fox who is dead."

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• Advantage of using a static member function instead of an equivalent non-static member function?

  - by jonathanasdf

  I was wondering whether there's any advantages to using a static member function when there is a non-static equivalent. Will it result in faster execution (because of not having to care about all of the member variables), or maybe less use of memory (because of not being included in all instances)? Basically, the function I'm looking at is an utility function to rotate an integer array representing pixel colours an arbitrary number of degrees around an arbitrary centre point. It is placed in my abstract Bullet base class, since only the bullets will be using it and I didn't want the overhead of calling it in some utility class. It's a bit too long and used in every single derived bullet class, making it probably not a good idea to inline. How would you suggest I define this function? As a static member function of Bullet, of a non-static member function of Bullet, or maybe not as a member of Bullet but defined outside of the class in Bullet.h? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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• Display two independent Tumblr blogs on one page?

  - by Jake Salvera

  I'd like to display two independent Tumblr blogs next to each other on one page. I'd like them to look identical to their Tumblr theme. What's the best way to do this? I'm able to use JavaScript to import the content like this: <div id="tumblr1"> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tumblr1.tumblr.com/js"></script> <div> <div id="tumblr2"> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tumblr2.tumblr.com/js"></script> <div> But the content obviously won't be styled. Is there a simpler way to do this? If not, is there a simple way to style the content I'm getting from the js?

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• mysql partitioning

  - by Yang

  just want to verify that database partition is implemented only at the database level, when we query a partitioned table, we still do our normal query, nothing special with our queries, the optimization is performed automatically when parsing the query, is that correct? e.g. we have a table called 'address' with a column called 'country_code' and 'city'. so if i want to get all the addresses in New York, US, normally i wound do something like this: select * from address where country_code = 'US' and city = 'New York' if now the table is partitioned by 'country_code', and i know that now the query will only be executed on the partition which contains country_code = US. My question is do I need to explicitly specify the partition to query in my sql statement? or i still use the previous statement and the db server will optimize it automatically? Thanks in advance!

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• How to convert none-Latin-based encoded text into UTF-8, or make them coexist on same page?

  - by Yallaa

  Good day, I have a script that scrapes the title/description of remote pages and prints those values into a corresponding charset=UTF-8 encoded page. Here is the problem, whenever a remote page is encoded with non-Latin characters encoding like (Arabic, Russian, Chinese, Japanese etc.) the imported values print as garbled text. I've tried passing those values through either iconv or mb_convert_encoding converters but without much success. Then, I tried detecting the remote encoding first, then change my presentation page's encoding into the remote one instead of the current utf-8, which works okay with the imported values, but the other existing utf-8 content of that language on the page gets garbled instead. Example: If I try to import those values from a Russian windows-1251 into my UTF-8 encoded page which has a mix English/Russian content. I change the imported non-utf-8 string into a utf-8 using either iconv or mb_convert_encoding. I tried: $RemoteValue = iconv($RemoteEncoding, 'UTF-8', $RemoteValue); or $RemoteValue mb_convert_encoding($RemoteValue, "UTF-8", $RemoteEncoding); or $RemoteValue mb_convert_encoding($RemoteValue, "UTF-8", "auto"); without success. If I detect that the remote page is windows-1251 encoded and I change my presentation page (which already has UTF-8 encoded mixed language content) to be similar to the remote page, then the japanese utf-8 content on the existing page gets garbled... Can 2 differently encoded strings coexist on the same page (ex. utf-8 & windows-1251)? Am I using the converters correctly? any hints as to why they don't work? Is there any better way to do this? Thank you for your help

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• SQL Server lock/hang issue

  - by mattwoberts

  Hi, I'm using SQL Server 2008 on Windows Server 2008 R2, all sp'd up. I'm getting occasional issues with SQL Server hanging with the CPU usage on 100% on our live server. It seems all the wait time on SQL Sever when this happens is given to SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD. Here is the Stored Proc that causes the hang. I've added the "WITH (NOLOCK)" in an attempt to fix what seems to be a locking issue. ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[MostPopularRead] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SELECT c.ForeignId , ct.ContentSource as ContentSource , sum(ch.HitCount * hw.Weight) as Popularity , (sum(ch.HitCount * hw.Weight) * 100) / @Total as Percent , @Total as TotalHits from ContentHit ch WITH (NOLOCK) join [Content] c WITH (NOLOCK) on ch.ContentId = c.ContentId join HitWeight hw WITH (NOLOCK) on ch.HitWeightId = hw.HitWeightId join ContentType ct WITH (NOLOCK) on c.ContentTypeId = ct.ContentTypeId where ch.CreatedDate between @Then and @Now group by c.ForeignId , ct.ContentSource order by sum(ch.HitCount * hw.HitWeightMultiplier) desc END The stored proc reads from the table "ContentHit", which is a table that tracks when content on the site is clicked (it gets hit quite frequently - anything from 4 to 20 hits a minute). So its pretty clear that this table is the source of the problem. There is a stored proc that is called to add hit tracks to the ContentHit table, its pretty trivial, it just builds up a string from the params passed in, which involves a few selects from some lookup tables, followed by the main insert: BEGIN TRAN insert into [ContentHit] (ContentId, HitCount, HitWeightId, ContentHitComment) values (@ContentId, isnull(@HitCount,1), isnull(@HitWeightId,1), @ContentHitComment) COMMIT TRAN The ContentHit table has a clustered index on its ID column, and I've added another index on CreatedDate since that is used in the select. When I profile the issue, I see the Stored proc executes for exactly 30 seconds, then the SQL timeout exception occurs. If it makes a difference the web application using it is ASP.NET, and I'm using Subsonic (3) to execute these stored procs. Can someone please advise how best I can solve this problem? I don't care about reading dirty data... Thanks

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• Simple Python Challenge: Fastest Bitwise XOR on Data Buffers

  - by user213060

  Challenge: Perform a bitwise XOR on two equal sized buffers. The buffers will be required to be the python str type since this is traditionally the type for data buffers in python. Return the resultant value as a str. Do this as fast as possible. The inputs are two 1 megabyte (2**20 byte) strings. The challenge is to substantially beat my inefficient algorithm using python or existing third party python modules (relaxed rules: or create your own module.) Marginal increases are useless. from os import urandom from numpy import frombuffer,bitwise_xor,byte def slow_xor(aa,bb): a=frombuffer(aa,dtype=byte) b=frombuffer(bb,dtype=byte) c=bitwise_xor(a,b) r=c.tostring() return r aa=urandom(2**20) bb=urandom(2**20) def test_it(): for x in xrange(1000): slow_xor(aa,bb)

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• Fit <TD> height to page

  - by ssg

  Consider a table with three rows with heights 10, *, 10. I'd like the middle cell to be high enough to fit to the page vertically. Unfortunately "height:100%" doesn't work at table, tr, or td level, possibly due to standards. Even if it happens to work, I don't want 100%, I want 100% of clientHeight-20px :) I can always write script to calculate remaining clientHeight but I wonder if it can be achieved in HTML/CSS standards. NOTE: I'm using table just for layout, if there are other ways to lay them down in a better way I'm ok with those approaches too.

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• Rationale behind Python's preferred for syntax

  - by susmits

  What is the rationale behind the advocated use of the for i in xrange(...)-style looping constructs in Python? For simple integer looping, the difference in overheads is substantial. I conducted a simple test using two pieces of code: File idiomatic.py: #!/usr/bin/env python M = 10000 N = 10000 if __name__ == "__main__": x, y = 0, 0 for x in xrange(N): for y in xrange(M): pass File cstyle.py: #!/usr/bin/env python M = 10000 N = 10000 if __name__ == "__main__": x, y = 0, 0 while x < N: while y < M: y += 1 x += 1 Profiling results were as follows: bash-3.1$ time python cstyle.py real 0m0.109s user 0m0.015s sys 0m0.000s bash-3.1$ time python idiomatic.py real 0m4.492s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.031s I can understand why the Pythonic version is slower -- I imagine it has a lot to do with calling xrange N times, perhaps this could be eliminated if there was a way to rewind a generator. However, with this deal of difference in execution time, why would one prefer to use the Pythonic version?

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 15 &ndash; Network Management

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand network management and the importance of documentation, baseline measurements, policies, and regulations to assess and maintain a network’s health. Manage a network’s performance using SNMP-based network management software, system and event logs, and traffic-shaping techniques Identify the reasons for and elements of an asset managements system Plan and follow regular hardware and software maintenance routines Fundamentals of Network Management Network management refers to the assessment, monitoring, and maintenance of all aspects of a network including checking for hardware faults, ensuring high QoS, maintaining records of network assets, etc. Scope of network management differs depending on the size and requirements of the network. All sub topics of network management share the goals of enhancing the efficiency and performance while preventing costly downtime or loss. Documentation The way documentation is stored may vary, but to adequately manage a network one should at least record the following… Physical topology (types of LAN and WAN topologies – ring, star, hybrid) Access method (does it use Ethernet 802.3, token ring, etc.) Protocols Devices (Switches, routers, etc) Operating Systems Applications Configurations (What version of operating system and config files for serve / client software) Baseline Measurements A baseline is a report of the network’s current state of operation. Baseline measurements might include the utilization rate for your network backbone, number of users logged on per day, etc. Baseline measurements allow you to compare future performance increases or decreases caused by network changes or events with past network performance. Obtaining baseline measurements is the only way to know for certain whether a pattern of usage has changed, or whether a network upgrade has made a difference. There are various tools available for measuring baseline performance on a network. Policies, Procedures, and Regulations Following rules helps limit chaos, confusion, and possibly downtime. The following policies and procedures and regulations make for sound network management. Media installations and management (includes designing physical layout of cable, etc.) Network addressing policies (includes choosing and applying a an addressing scheme) Resource sharing and naming conventions (includes rules for logon ID’s) Security related policies Troubleshooting procedures Backup and disaster recovery procedures In addition to internal policies, a network manager must consider external regulatory rules. Fault and Performance Management After documenting every aspect of your network and following policies and best practices, you are ready to asses you networks status on an on going basis. This process includes both performance management and fault management. Network Management Software To accomplish both fault and performance management, organizations often use enterprise-wide network management software. There various software packages that do this, each collect data from multiple networked devices at regular intervals, in a process called polling. Each managed device runs a network management agent. So as not to affect the performance of a device while collecting information, agents do not demand significant processing resources. The definition of a managed devices and their data are collected in a MIB (Management Information Base). Agents communicate information about managed devices via any of several application layer protocols. On modern networks most agents use SNMP which is part of the TCP/IP suite and typically runs over UDP on port 161. Because of the flexibility and sophisticated network management applications are a challenge to configure and fine-tune. One needs to be careful to only collect relevant information and not cause performance issues (i.e. pinging a device every 5 seconds can be a problem with thousands of devices). MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher) is a simple command line utility that uses SNMP to poll devices and collects data in a log file. MRTG can be used with Windows, UNIX and Linux. System and Event Logs Virtually every condition recognized by an operating system can be recorded. This is typically done using event logs. In Windows there is a GUI event log viewer. Similar information is recorded in UNIX and Linux in a system log. Much of the information collected in event logs and syslog files does not point to a problem, even if it is marked with a warning so it is important to filter your logs appropriately to reduce the noise. Traffic Shaping When a network must handle high volumes of network traffic, users benefit from performance management technique called traffic shaping. Traffic shaping involves manipulating certain characteristics of packets, data streams, or connections to manage the type and amount of traffic traversing a network or interface at any moment. Its goals are to assure timely delivery of the most important traffic while offering the best possible performance for all users. Several types of traffic prioritization exist including prioritizing traffic according to any of the following characteristics… Protocol IP address User group DiffServr VLAN tag in a Data Link layer frame Service or application Caching In addition to traffic shaping, a network or host might use caching to improve performance. Caching is the local storage of frequently needed files that would otherwise be obtained from an external source. By keeping files close to the requester, caching allows the user to access those files quickly. The most common type of caching is Web caching, in which Web pages are stored locally. To an ISP, caching is much more than just convenience. It prevents a significant volume of WAN traffic, thus improving performance and saving money. Asset Management Another key component in managing networks is identifying and tracking its hardware. This is called asset management. The first step to asset management is to take an inventory of each node on the network. You will also want to keep records of every piece of software purchased by your organization. Asset management simplifies maintaining and upgrading the network chiefly because you know what the system includes. In addition, asset management provides network administrators with information about the costs and benefits of certain types of hardware or software. Change Management Networks are always in a stage of flux with various aspects including… Software changes and patches Client Upgrades Shared Application Upgrades NOS Upgrades Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Cabling Upgrades Backbone Upgrades For a detailed explanation on each of these read the textbook (Page 750 – 761)

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• iPhone - Get a pointer to the data behind CGDataProvider?

  - by jtrim

  I'm trying to take a CGImage and copy its data into a buffer for later processing. The code below is what I have so far, but there's one thing I don't like about it - it's copying the image data twice. Once for CGDataProviderCopyData() and once for the :getBytes:length call on imgData. I haven't been able to find a way to copy the image data directly into my buffer and cut out the CGDataProviderCopyData() step, but there has to be a way...any pointers? (...pun ftw) NSData *imgData = (NSData *)(CGDataProviderCopyData(CGImageGetDataProvider(myCGImageRef))); CGImageRelease(myCGImageRef); // i've got a previously-defined pointer to an available buffer called "mybuff" [imgData getBytes:mybuff length:[imgData length]];

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• Where is my python script spending time? Is there "missing time" in my cprofile / pstats trace?

  - by fmark

  I am attempting to profile a long running python script. The script does some spatial analysis on raster GIS data set using the gdal module. The script currently uses three files, the main script which loops over the raster pixels called find_pixel_pairs.py, a simple cache in lrucache.py and some misc classes in utils.py. I have profiled the code on a moderate sized dataset. pstats returns: p.sort_stats('cumulative').print_stats(20) Thu May 6 19:16:50 2010 phes.profile 355483738 function calls in 11644.421 CPU seconds Ordered by: cumulative time List reduced from 86 to 20 due to restriction <20> ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 1 0.008 0.008 11644.421 11644.421 <string>:1(<module>) 1 11064.926 11064.926 11644.413 11644.413 find_pixel_pairs.py:49(phes) 340135349 544.143 0.000 572.481 0.000 utils.py:173(extent_iterator) 8831020 18.492 0.000 18.492 0.000 {range} 231922 3.414 0.000 8.128 0.000 utils.py:152(get_block_in_bands) 142739 1.303 0.000 4.173 0.000 utils.py:97(search_extent_rect) 745181 1.936 0.000 2.500 0.000 find_pixel_pairs.py:40(is_no_data) 285478 1.801 0.000 2.271 0.000 utils.py:98(intify) 231922 1.198 0.000 2.013 0.000 utils.py:116(block_to_pixel_extent) 695766 1.990 0.000 1.990 0.000 lrucache.py:42(get) 1213166 1.265 0.000 1.265 0.000 {min} 1031737 1.034 0.000 1.034 0.000 {isinstance} 142740 0.563 0.000 0.909 0.000 utils.py:122(find_block_extent) 463844 0.611 0.000 0.611 0.000 utils.py:112(block_to_pixel_coord) 745274 0.565 0.000 0.565 0.000 {method 'append' of 'list' objects} 285478 0.346 0.000 0.346 0.000 {max} 285480 0.346 0.000 0.346 0.000 utils.py:109(pixel_coord_to_block_coord) 324 0.002 0.000 0.188 0.001 utils.py:27(__init__) 324 0.016 0.000 0.186 0.001 gdal.py:848(ReadAsArray) 1 0.000 0.000 0.160 0.160 utils.py:50(__init__) The top two calls contain the main loop - the entire analyis. The remaining calls sum to less than 625 of the 11644 seconds. Where are the remaining 11,000 seconds spent? Is it all within the main loop of find_pixel_pairs.py? If so, can I find out which lines of code are taking most of the time?

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