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• Booting Windows7 kernel from an initrd/wim image file

  - by Ivo

  I'm wondering if it's possibile to have Win7 kernel and relative drivers (especially storage drivers) to boot from an initrd-like image file (maybe .wim?) and later then mount the windows root partition and complete the load of the full OS? I'll try to explain why: I'm running an emulated environment with NO REAL BIOS, and I'm passingthrough a raid storage controller. I want windows to boot from this controller array, but of course the BCD manager cannot access disks in the array until kernel and relative controller storage drivers are loaded. To be clear I get the classical winload.exe missing error. I need a similar solution to what Linux does, loading the kernel and his drivers, and later then mount the root partition and complete the boot. Any ideas or advices?

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• perfmon reporting higher IOPs than possible?

  - by BlueToast

  We created a monitoring report for IOPs on performance counters using Disk reads/sec and Disk writes/sec on four servers (physical boxes, no virtualization) that have 4x 15k 146GB SAS drives in RAID10 per server, set to check and record data every 1 second, and logged for 24 hours before stopping reports. These are the results we got: Server1 Maximum disk reads/sec: 4249.437 Maximum disk writes/sec: 4178.946 Server2 Maximum disk reads/sec: 2550.140 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5177.821 Server3 Maximum disk reads/sec: 1903.300 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5299.036 Server4 Maximum disk reads/sec: 8453.572 Maximum disk writes/sec: 11584.653 The average disk reads and writes per second were generally low. I.e. for one particular server it was like average 33 writes/sec, but when monitoring in real-time it would often spike up to several hundreds and also sometimes into the thousands. Could someone explain to me why these numbers are significantly higher than theoretical calculations assuming each drive can do 180 IOPs? Additional details (RAID card): HP Smart Array P410i, Total cache size of 1GB, Write cache is disabled, Array accelerator cache ratio is 25% read and 75% write

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• What are the requirements to test a website using jquery.get() ? [migrated]

  - by Frankie

  I am working on a simple website. It has to search quite a few text files in different sub-folders. The rest of the page uses jquery, so I would like to use it for this also. The function I am looking at is .get() for downloading the files. So my main question is, can I test this on my local computer (Ubuntu Linux) or do I have to have it uploaded to a server? Also, if there's a better way to go about this, that would be nice to know. However, I'm more worried about getting it working. Thanks, Frankie PS: Heres the JS/jQuery code for downloading the files to an array. g_lists = new Array(); $(":checkbox").each(function(i){ if ($(this).attr("name") != "0") { var path = "../" + $(this).attr("name") + ".txt"; $("#bot").append("<br />" + path); // debug $.get(path, function(data){ g_lists[i] = data; $("#bot").html(data); }); } else { g_lists[i] = ""; } }); Edit: Just a note about the path variable. I think it's correct, but I'm not 100% sure. I'm new to web development. Here's some examples it produces and the directory tree of the site. Maybe it will help, can't hurt. . +-- include ¦   +-- jquery.js ¦   +-- load.js +-- index.xhtml +-- style.css +-- txt    +-- Scripting_Tools    +-- Editors.txt    +-- Other.txt Examples of path: ../txt/Scripting_Tools/Editors.txt ../txt/Scripting_Tools/Other.txt Well I'm a new user, so I can't "answer" my own question, so I'll just post it here: After asking for help on a IRC chat channel specific to jQuery, I was told I could use this on a local host. To do this I installed Apache web server, and copied my site into it's directory. More information on setting it up can be found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/ubuntu_debian_lamp_server Then to run the site I navigated my browser to "localhost" and everything works.

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• Index Check and Correct Character Display in a Console Hangman Game for Java

  - by Jen

  I have this problem wherein, I can not display the correct characters given by the character. Here's what I meant: String words, in; String replaced_words; Scanner s = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("Enter a line of words basing on an event, verse, place or a name of a person."); words = s.nextLine(); System.out.println("The words you just placed are now accepted."); //using char array method, we tried to place the words into a characters array. char [] c = words.toCharArray(); // we need to replace the replaced_words = words.replace(' ', '_').replaceAll("[^\\-]", "-"); for (int i = 0; i < replaced_words.length(); i++) { System.out.print(replaced_words.charAt(i) + " "); } System.out.println("Now, please input a character, guessing the words you just placed."); in = s.nextLine(); in that code, want that the user, when types a word (or should it be character?), any of the correct character the user inputs will be displayed, and changes the hyphen to it...(more like the hangman series of games). How can I achieve this?

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• canvas tile grid, hover effects, single tilesheet, etc

  - by user121730

  I'm currently in the process of building both the client and server side of an html5, canvas, and WebSocket game. This is what I have thus far for the client: http://jsfiddle.net/dDmTf/7/ Current obstacles The hover effect has no idea what to put back after the mouse leaves. Currently it's just drawing a "void" tile, but I can't figure out how to redraw a single tile without redrawing the whole map. How would I go about storing multiple layers within the map variable? I was considering just using a multi-dimensional array for each layer (similar to what you see as the current array), and just iterating through it, but is that really an efficient way of doing it? Side note The tile sheet being used for the jsfiddle display is only for development. I'll be replacing it as things progress in the engine. I hope you can help! Hopefully you guys can help me, I've been struggling to get through things, since I'm learning how things kind of stuff works as I go. If you guys have any pointers for my JavaScript, feel free. As I'm more or less learning advanced usage as I go, I'm sure I'm doing plenty of things wrong. Note: I will continue to update this post as the engine improves, but updating the jsfiddle link and updating the obstacles list by striking things that have been solved, or adding additions. Thanks!

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• Adaptec 2020SA RAID controller Set up in RAID5, one drive went down, can I still get data?

  - by SJaguar13

  I have 6 1tb drives in a RAID5. 1 drive went down. On the RAID was 2 virtual machines that I really need back up and running. The spare drive I have to put in the server is a 1.5tb drive, which exceeds the physical per drive limit of the 2020SA. The drive is found in the disk utility, but it is not found in the array management section. I cannot add the drive to the array to have it rebuild. I have a replacement drive along with some spares on their way from Newegg, but I am still looking at a few days of downtime. Is it possible to use the 5 working drives to get the VMs copied off and on to another server or do I just have to wait for the drives to get here?

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• How to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• Reshape linux md raid5 that is already being reshaped?

  - by smammy

  I just converted my RAID1 array to a RAID5 array and added a third disk to it. I'd like to add a fourth disk without waiting fourteen hours for the first reshape to complete. I just did this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdf1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=3 --backup-file=/root/md0_n3.bak The entry in /proc/mdstat looks like this: md0 : active raid5 sdf1[2] sda1[0] sdb1[1] 976759936 blocks super 0.91 level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] [>....................] reshape = 1.8% (18162944/976759936) finish=834.3min speed=19132K/sec Now I'd like to do this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4 --backup-file=/root/md8_n4.bak Is this safe, or do I have to wait for the first reshape operation to complete? P.S.: I know I should have added both disks first, and then reshaped from 2 to 4 devices, but it's a little late for that.

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• Do objects maintain identity under all non-cloning conditions in PHP?

  - by Buttle Butkus

  PHP 5.5 I'm doing a bunch of passing around of objects with the assumption that they will all maintain their identities - that any changes made to their states from inside other objects' methods will continue to hold true afterwards. Am I assuming correctly? I will give my basic structure here. class builder { protected $foo_ids = array(); // set in construct protected $foo_collection; protected $bar_ids = array(); // set in construct protected $bar_collection; protected function initFoos() { $this->foo_collection = new FooCollection(); foreach($this->food_ids as $id) { $this->foo_collection->addFoo(new foo($id)); } } protected function initBars() { // same idea as initFoos } protected function wireFoosAndBars(fooCollection $foos, barCollection $bars) { // arguments are passed in using $this->foo_collection and $this->bar_collection foreach($foos as $foo_obj) { // (foo_collection implements IteratorAggregate) $bar_ids = $foo_obj->getAssociatedBarIds(); if(!empty($bar_ids) ) { $bar_collection = new barCollection(); // sub-collection to be a component of each foo foreach($bar_ids as $bar_id) { $bar_collection->addBar(new bar($bar_id)); } $foo_obj->addBarCollection($bar_collection); // now each foo_obj has a collection of bar objects, each of which is also in the main collection. Are they the same objects? } } } } What has me worried is that foreach supposedly works on a copy of its arrays. I want all the $foo and $bar objects to maintain their identities no matter which $collection object they become of a part of. Does that make sense?

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• Javascript Isometric draw optimization

  - by hustlerinc

  I'm having trouble with isometric tiles drawing. At the moment I got an array with the tiles i want to draw. And it all works fine until i increase the size of the array. Since I draw ALL tiles on the map it really affects the game performance (obviously) :D. My problem is I'm no genius when it comes to javascript and I haven't managed to just draw what is in viewport. Should be fairly simple for an expert though because its fixed sizes etc. Canvas is 960x480 pixels, each tile 64x32. This gives 16 tiles on first row, 15 on the next etc. for a total of 16 rows. Tile 0,0 is in the top-right corner. And draws X up to down and Y right to left. Going through the tiles on the first row from left to right as +X -Y. Here is the relevant part of my drawMap() function drawMap(){ var tileW = 64; // Tile Width var tileH = 32; // Tile Height var mapX = 960-32; var mapY = -16; for(i=0;i<map.length;i++){ for(j=0;j<map[i].length;j++){ var drawTile = map[i][j]; var drawObj = objectMap[i][j]; var xpos = (i-j)*tileH + mapX; var ypos = (i+j)*tileH/2 + mapY; // Place the tiles isometric. ctx.drawImage(tileImg[drawTile],xpos,ypos); if(drawObj){ ctx.drawImage(objectImg[drawObj-1],xpos,ypos-(objectImg[drawObj- 1])); } } } } Could anyone please help me how to translate this to just draw the relevant tiles? It would be deeply appreciated.

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• Java enum pairs / "subenum" or what exactly?

  - by vemalsar

  I have an RPG-style Item class and I stored the type of the item in enum (itemType.sword). I want to store subtype too (itemSubtype.long), but I want to express the relation between two data type (sword can be long, short etc. but shield can't be long or short, only round, tower etc). I know this is wrong source code but similar what I want: enum type { sword; } //not valid code! enum swordSubtype extends type.sword { short, long } Question: How can I define this connection between two data type (or more exactly: two value of the data types), what is the most simple and standard way? Array-like data with all valid (itemType,itemSubtype) enum pairs or (itemType,itemSubtype[]) so more subtype for one type, it would be the best. OK but how can I construct this simplest way? Special enum with "subenum" set or second level enum or anything else if it does exists 2 dimensional "canBePairs" array, itemType and itemSubtype dimensions with all type and subtype and boolean elements, "true" means itemType (first dimension) and itemSubtype (second dimension) are okay, "false" means not okay Other better idea Thank you very much!

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• problems texture mapping in modern OpenGL 3.3 using GLSL #version 150

  - by RubyKing

  Hi all I'm trying to do texture mapping using Modern OpenGL and GLSL 150. The problem is the texture shows but has this weird flicker I can show a video here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbzw_LMxlHw and I have everything setup best I can have my texcords in my vertex array sent up to opengl I have my fragment color set to the texture values and texel values I have my vertex sending the textures cords to texture cordinates to be used in the fragment shader I have my ins and outs setup and I still don't know what I'm missing that could be causing that flicker. here is my code FRAGMENT SHADER #version 150 uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 texture_coord; varying vec3 texture_coordinate; void main(void){ gl_FragColor = texture(texture, texture_coord); } VERTEX SHADER #version 150 in vec4 position; out vec2 texture_coordinate; out vec2 texture_coord; uniform vec3 translations; void main() { texture_coord = (texture_coordinate); gl_Position = vec4(position.xyz + translations.xyz, 1.0); } Last bit here is my vertex array with texture cordinates GLfloat vVerts[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f , 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; //tex x and y HERE IS THE ACTUAL FULL SOURCE CODE if you need to see all the code in its fullest glory here is a link to every file http://ideone.com/7kQN3 thank you for your help

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• Most efficient Implementation a Tree in C++

  - by Topo

  I need to write a tree where each element may have any number of child elements, and because of this each branch of the tree may have any length. The tree is only going to receive elements at first and then it is going to use exclusively for iterating though it's branches in no specific order. The tree will have several million elements and must be fast but also memory efficient. My plan makes a node class to store the elements and the pointers to its children. When the tree is fully constructed, it would be transformed it to an array or something faster and if possible, loaded to the processor's cache. Construction and the search on the tree are two different problems. Can I focus on how to solve each problem on the best way individually? The construction of has to be as fast as possible but it can use memory as it pleases. Then the transformation into a format that give us speed when iterating the tree's branches. This should preferably be an array to avoid going back and forth from RAM to cache in each element of the tree. So the real question is which is the structure to implement a tree to maximize insert speed, how can I transform it to a structure that gives me the best speed and memory?

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• Dell PowerEdge 6850 Degraded HDD

  - by Matt

  Good Morning, We have a dell power edge 6850 with a degraded drive in the RAID array. I have never had to recover such an issue, so any help or advice would be welcome. Basically it hasn't affected the server at an operating system level, but has slowed down performance, I have a replacement drive in hand but as this is our main database server I want to proceed with extreme caution. My options as I see them are - Can I just hot swap the degraded drive with the new one and the data will automatically re-sync and we are all back to normal presumably this is dependant on the current raid configuration? reading various comments on-line I may need to re-configure the RAID array and re-build the broken drive? This screams disaster to me with the main worry being that I wipe any other data. Option 1 would of course make my day. Thanks in advance

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• Does LINQ require significantly more processing cycles and memory than lower-level data iteration techniques?

  - by Matthew Patrick Cashatt

  Background I am recently in the process of enduring grueling tech interviews for positions that use the .NET stack, some of which include silly questions like this one, and some questions that are more valid. I recently came across an issue that may be valid but I want to check with the community here to be sure. When asked by an interviewer how I would count the frequency of words in a text document and rank the results, I answered that I would Use a stream object put the text file in memory as a string. Split the string into an array on spaces while ignoring punctuation. Use LINQ against the array to .GroupBy() and .Count(), then OrderBy() said count. I got this answer wrong for two reasons: Streaming an entire text file into memory could be disasterous. What if it was an entire encyclopedia? Instead I should stream one block at a time and begin building a hash table. LINQ is too expensive and requires too many processing cycles. I should have built a hash table instead and, for each iteration, only added a word to the hash table if it didn't otherwise exist and then increment it's count. The first reason seems, well, reasonable. But the second gives me more pause. I thought that one of the selling points of LINQ is that it simply abstracts away lower-level operations like hash tables but that, under the veil, it is still the same implementation. Question Aside from a few additional processing cycles to call any abstracted methods, does LINQ require significantly more processing cycles to accomplish a given data iteration task than a lower-level task (such as building a hash table) would?

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• correct way to implement auth/acl in mvc

  - by WiseStrawberry

  I am looking into making a correctly laid out MVC auth/acl system. I think I want the authentication of a user (and the session handling) to be seperate from the ACL system. (I don't know why but this seems a good idea from the things I've read) What does mvc have to do with this question you ask? Because I wish for the application to be well integrated with my acl. An example of a controller (CodeIgniter) <?php class forums extends MX_Controller { $allowed = array('users', 'admin'); $need_login = true; function __construct() { //example of checking if logged in. if($this->auth->logged_in() && $this->auth->is_admin()) { echo "you're logged in!"; } } public function add_topic() { if($this->auth->allowed('add_topic') { //some add topic things. } else { echo 'not allowed to add topic'; } } } ?> My thoughts $this->auth would be autoloaded in the system. I would like to check the $allowed array against the user currently (not) logged in and react accordingly. Is this a good way of doing things? I haven't seen much literature on mvc integration and auth. I want to make things as easy as possible.

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• Checking for collisions on a 3D heightmap

  - by Piku

  I have a 3D heightmap drawn using OpenGL (which isn't important). It's represented by a 2D array of height data. To draw this I go through the array using each point as a vertex. Three vertices are wound together to form a triangle, two triangles to make a quad. To stop the whole mesh being tiny I scale this by a certain amount called 'gridsize'. This produces a fairly nice and lumpy, angular terrain kind of similar to something you'd see in old Atari/Amiga or DOS '3D' games (think Virus/Zarch on the Atari ST). I'm now trying to work out how to do collision with the terrain, testing to see if the player is about to collide with a piece of scenery sticking upwards or fall into a hole. At the moment I am simply dividing the player's co-ordinates by the gridsize to find which vertex the player is on top of and it works well when the player is exactly over the corner of a triangle piece of terrain. However... How can I make it more accurate for the bits between the vertices? I get confused since they don't exist in my heightmap data, they're a product of the GPU trying to draw a triangle between three points. I can calculate the height of the point closest to the player, but not the space between them. I.e if the player is hovering over the centre of one of these 'quads', rather than over the corner vertex of one, how do I work out the height of the terrain below them? Later on I may want the player to slide down the slopes in the terrain.

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• How to kill all screens that has been up longer then 3 weeks?

  - by Darkmage

  Im creating a script that i am executing every night at 03.00 that will kill all screens that has been running longer than 3 weeks. anyone done anything similar that can help? If you got a script or suggestion to a better method please help by posting :) I was thinking maybe somthing like this. First do a dump to textfile ps -U username -ef | grep SCREEN dump.txt then do a loop running through all lines of dump.txt with a regex and putting pid of the prosseses with STIME 3weeksago in a array. then do a kill loop on the array result.

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• Recommended formats to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• Does mdadm allow to mix sata drives and USB -> sata drives ?

  - by marc

  Welcome, I have question, i have working array md5 of 5 drives. We are running out of space. Server don't have big usage but it have to be online. We can't add another controller. I got idea to buy a USB drive case ? Does mdadm allow to mix array created on sata drives by controller and virtual usb ? (we don't boot from mdadm) But im not sure is this will work ? Is usb drives are configurated before mdadm demon start ? Regards

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• Having the same texture data in different ID3D11Texture2D

  - by bdmnd

  Sorry if this has been answered elsewhere - I'm rather new to DX. My question concerns conservation of resources - specifically textures in VRAM. I assume that upon returning from a call to CreateTexture2D, a copy of any textures data supplied has been copied elsewhere, likely VRAM. Does DX11 have any facility for having multiple ID3D11Texture2D objects which point to the same data? This might at first seem silly, but imagine a ID3D11Texture2D which is an array of textures. In one material, an artist has chosen to blend three identically sized maps, saved on disk as A.dds, B.dds, and C.dds. Then imagine they have another material which also uses three maps, but this time A.dds, B.dds, and D.dds. The shader code knows the diffuse texture is a texture array, and also has the number of layers baked (three in each case). I would essentially like to set up just two ID3D11Texture2D objects, one for each material, but I don't want to waste VRAM for two identical copies of A.dds and B.dds. I could use explicit texture arrays, of course, but this reduces the number of resources available to the shader and can complicate code somewhat more than would otherwise be needed.

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• Sorting for 2D Drawing

  - by Nexian

  okie, looked through quite a few similar questions but still feel the need to ask mine specifically (I know, crazy). Anyhoo: I am drawing a game in 2D (isometric) My objects have their own arrays. (i.e. Tiles[], Objects[], Particles[], etc) I want to have a draw[] array to hold anything that will be drawn. Because it is 2D, I assume I must prioritise depth over any other sorting or things will look weird. My game is turn based so Tiles and Objects won't be changing position every frame. However, Particles probably will. So I am thinking I can populate the draw[] array (probably a vector?) with what is on-screen and have it add/remove object, tile & particle references when I pan the screen or when a tile or object is specifically moved. No idea how often I'm going to have to update for particles right now. I want to do this because my game may have many thousands of objects and I want to iterate through as few as possible when drawing. I plan to give each element a depth value to sort by. So, my questions: Does the above method sound like a good way to deal with the actual drawing? What is the most efficient way to sort a vector? Most of the time it wont require efficiency. But for panning the screen it will. And I imagine if I have many particles on screen moving across multiple tiles, it may happen quite often. For reference, my screen will be drawing about 2,800 objects at any one time. When panning, it will be adding/removing about ~200 elements every second, and each new element will need adding in the correct location based on depth.

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• growing EBS RAID volume

  - by Ryan Fernandes

  I've created a RAID0 configuration with two 1GB EBS volumes, mounted at /dev/md0 using mdadm and formatted with XFS Next, I copied some files over to fill the volume to around 30% of its capacity (of 2GB) I then created snapshots of the volumes using ec2-consistent-snapshot and created volumes of the said snapshots but specified the volume size to be 2GB (effective doubling the capacity on each disk) I then spun up a new instance, assembled the RAID0 configuration on /dev/md0 from the 2 volumes mentioned above and mount it to /vol df -hT showed /vol as 2GB (as expected) Now I ran sudo xfs_growfs -d /vol. The command completed normally but reported blocks changed from 523776 to 524160 (only!) and df -hT still showed /vol as 2GB (instead of the expected 4GB) I rebooted, remounted, reassembled the RAID but it still reports the old size. EDIT: trying to grow the RAID using mdadm --grow yields mdadm: raid0 array /dev/md0 cannot be reshaped Is there any other way I can grow a RAID0 array?

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• Need efficient way to keep enemy from getting hit multiple times by same source

  - by TenFour04

  My game's a simple 2D one, but this probably applies to many types of scenarios. Suppose my player has a sword, or a gun that shoots a projectile that can pass through and hit multiple enemies. While the sword is swinging, there is a duration where I am checking for the sword making contact with any enemy on every frame. But once an enemy is hit by that sword, I don't want him to continue getting hit over and over as the sword follows through. (I do want the sword to continue checking whether it is hitting other enemies.) I've thought of a couple different approaches (below), but they don't seem like good ones to me. I'm looking for a way that doesn't force cross-referencing (I don't want the enemy to have to send a message back to the sword/projectile). And I'd like to avoid generating/resetting multiple array lists with every attack. Each time the sword swings it generates a unique id (maybe by just incrementing a global static long). Every enemy keeps a list of id's of swipes or projectiles that have already hit them, so the enemy knows not to get hurt by something multiple times. Downside is that every enemy may have a big list to compare to. So projectiles and sword swipes would have to broadcast their end-of-life to all enemies and cause a search and remove on every enemy's array list. Seems kind of slow. Each sword swipe or projectile keeps its own list of enemies that it has already hit so it knows not to apply damage. Downsides: Have to generate a new list (probably pull from a pool and clear one) every time a sword is swung or a projectile shot. Also, this breaks down modularity, because now the sword has to send a message to the enemy, and the enemy has to send a message back to the sword. Seems to me that two-way streets like this are a great way to create very difficult-to-find bugs.

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• how to fully unit test functions and their internal validation

  - by Patrick

  I am just now getting into formal unit testing and have come across an issue in testing separate internal parts of functions. I have created a base class of data manipulation (i.e.- moving files, chmodding file, etc) and in moveFile() I have multiple levels of validation to pinpoint when a moveFile() fails (i.e.- source file not readable, destination not writeable). I can't seem to figure out how to force a couple particular validations to fail while not tripping the previous validations. Example: I want the copying of a file to fail, but by the time I've gotten to the actual copying, I've checked for everything that can go wrong before copying. Code Snippit: (Bad code on the fifth line...) // if the change permissions is set, change the file permissions if($chmod !== null) { $mod_result = chmod($destination_directory.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$new_filename, $chmod); if($mod_result === false || $source_directory.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$source_filename == '/home/k...../file_chmod_failed.qif') { DataMan::logRawMessage('File permissions update failed on moveFile [ERR0009] - ['.$destination_directory.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$new_filename.' - '.$chmod.']', sfLogger::ALERT); return array('success' => false, 'type' => 'Internal Server Error [ERR0009]'); } } So how do I simulate the copy failing. My stop-gap measure was to perform a validation on the filename being copied and if it's absolute path matched my testing file, force the failure. I know this is very bad to put testing code into the actual code that will be used to run on the production server but I'm not sure how else to do it. Note: I am on PHP 5.2, symfony, using lime_test(). EDIT I am testing the chmodding and ensuring that the array('success' = false, 'type' = ..) is returned

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