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• Installing Fedora Core 12 on a VPS

  - by cinqoTimo

  I'm working on a Linux VPS that is running FC6, and I want to reinstall with the latest version FC12. The VPS is running on the Virtuozzo platform. I am also running Plesk on the VPS. This is all managed hosting through Network Solutions, so I don't have access to the actual box. My question is, how does one reinstall a different OS through Virtuozzo? I see "reinstall VPS" in virtuozzo, but this just burns a fresh copy of FC6? Is this a host-by-host thing, or are there best practices for accomplishing this..?

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• /proc/pid/environ missing variables

  - by Josh Arenberg

  google is giving no love on this one today, so I turn to the experts... I'm currently hacking together a script that relies on the /proc/pid/environ feature in Linux (RHEL 4) to check for a particular environment variable. Trouble is, it seems certain environment variables aren't showing up in there for some reason. Example: create some test vars: $ export T_1=testval TEST_1=testval T=testval TESTING_LONGEST=testval open a subshell: $bash $ cat /proc/self/environ|tr "\0" "\n"|grep testval TESTVARIABLE_LONGEST=testval T=testval hmm... where did T_1 and TEST_1 go?? what rules govern this strange universe? Thanks in advance, Josh

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• Visual annotator for large images

  - by pts

  I have a few hundred images of 30000 x 10000 pixels in size. Each image has lots of text (rendered as pixels) on it. I'd like to translate all text to another language. I speak both languages, and it's fine for me to translate each phrase manually. I need an image editor which can open these images quickly (faster than Inkscape, which needs about 60 seconds to open such an image), lets me zoom and rotate by 90 degrees, lets me erase (i.e. change the color of a selected rectangle to solid white), lets me add text, and lets me save the file as quickly as possible. I'd like to minimize the time I have to wait for the software to load, render and save images. Which is the best program for that on Windows? On Linux?

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• Tool for purging unneeded backups

  - by Dana the Sane

  I'm in the common situation where the one of the linux servers I use for storing backups is filling up. I'm wondering what tools are available for doing this. Ideally, what I would like is something that keeps nightlies for the previous month, weeklies for the 2nd to 5th preceding months and retains monthlies (well, every 3rd week) for an indefinite period. Everything that falls outside of that would be deleted after the backups are run. I could write a script to do this, but I feel like there must be a standard tool for this task.

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• how to remotely open an URL in Firefox in a specific profile?

  - by miernik

  I have several instances of Firefox with several different profiles running. Among them profiles with the names "software" and "test". I am trying to open an URL from a bash script to have it open in profile "test", like this: firefox -P "test" http://www.example.org/ However that opens it in profile "software" anyway. Any ideas? Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.1.8) Gecko/20100308 Iceweasel/3.5.8 (like Firefox/3.5.8)

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• How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

  - by Kau-Boy

  Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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• Bash & 'su' script giving an error "standard in must be a tty".

  - by sHz

  Folks, I'm having an issue with a bash script which runs a particular command as a different user. The background: Running on a Linux box (CentOS), the script is quite simple, its starting the hudson-ci application. declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r RUNAS=hudson declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r LOG=hudson.log declare -r PID=hudson.pid declare -r BINARY=hudson.war su - ${RUNAS} -c "nohup java -jar ${HOME}/${BINARY} >> ${HOME}/${LOG} 2>&1; echo $! > ${HOME}/${PID}" & This is the bridged version of the script, when run, the script exists with "standard in must be a tty". Any ideas on what I could be doing wrong? I've tried Dr Google and all the advise hasn't helped thus far.

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• How do I associate server traffic to a domain hosted on that server?

  - by morley

  I have three or four Linux servers, each of which hosts anywhere from 5 to 50 domains. Each domain has its own folder: /www/projectname/web/ Logs go in: /www/projectname/log However, if there's a traffic spike (or, as I see it on my end, a memory usage spike), I'm not sure how to figure out which domain is responsible for the traffic without running tail -f on each of the projects and making an educated guess based on how fast things scroll. There's got to be a better way! There probably is, but I haven't seen it. And the last time I checked, bandwidth monitors only report system-wide load. So if anyone knows how to do this the right way, please let me know. Thanks!

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• SSO solution and centralized user mgmt for about 10-30 Ubuntu machines?

  - by nbr

  Hello, I'm looking for a clean way to centralize user management. The setup: About 10-30 linux machines (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server) Maybe 10-30 users for now. The requirements (hopes and expectations): A single place for the administrator to manage user accounts, passwords and the list of machines each user has access to. (And probably groups.) Doesn't have to be fancy. Single sign-on for SSH: the user should be able to login from machine A to machine B without re-entering his/her password. A Quick Google searches give me pointers to OpenLDAP and Kerberos, but I'm not sure where to start and what problem will each solution actually solve. Which way to go? I'd love to find a clear that focuses on this subject. (Or: am I asking "a wrong question"?)

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• Testing php mail() in localhost problem.

  - by Samir Ghobril

  Hey guys, recently I just installed msmtp in linux and I even send a mail from the terminal and it worked: echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\r\n\r\nThis is a test mail" |msmtp --debug --from=default -t [email protected] But in php, after editing the php.ini file to have this: sendmail_path = '/usr/bin/msmtp -t' and using this piece of code: <?php if ( mail ( '[email protected]', 'Test mail from localhost', 'Working Fine.' ) ){ echo 'Mail sent'; } else{ echo 'Error. Please check error log.'; } ?> I get the Mail sent message but don't receive a message in my inbox. Not even in the spam folder. Anything wrong I'm doing?

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• LVM, Soft RAID1, and Replication?

  - by mtkoan

  Hi all, I am practicing putting together a HA file server. It is a linux server with 2 1.5TB Hard drives. My plan is to use LVM to manage the physical volumes into logical volumes for /, /home, and /var. Then use md (soft RAID 1) to mirror the image onto the second HDD, THEN use DRDB to mirror the entire setup another server. Is this overkill? Would I just be okay with just md and DRDB? The system will serve user's homedirs (~100) and probably some groupware or other local intranet. On my own machines I've always separated root and /home partitions in case I break something, I can easily reinstall the OS. Should I follow that same theory here? If so I need LVM, because I really can't predict where we'll need more space, /var or /home.

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• Remote X-windows between new RHEL5 and old Solaris 8

  - by joshxdr

  I have a very small lab network with three boxes: a modern x86-based RHEL3 box, an x86-based RHEL5 box, and a 1998-vintage SPARC Ultra5 with Solaris 8. I can use ssh -X to run a program on the RHEL5 box and view the windows on the RHEL3 box. I believe this uses xauth and magic cookies?? I have followed the X-Windows HOWTO to set up xauth on the Solaris box, but so far no dice. I would like to be able to use the X-windows server on the RHEL3 box with a client program on the Solaris box (program running on Solaris host, windows appearing at Linux host). Is there a trick to this, or have I made a mistake following the instructions for setting up xauth and magic cookie?

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• What is the difference between du -h and ls -lh?

  - by PeanutsMonkey

  I am having a difficult time grasping what is the correct way to read the size of the files since each command gives you varying results. I also came across a post at http://forums.devshed.com/linux-help-33/du-and-ls-generating-inconsistent-file-sizes-42169.html which states the following; du gives you the size of the file as it resides on the file system. ( IE will will always give you a result that is divisible by 1024 ). ls will give you the actual size of the file. What you are looking at is the difference between the actual size of the file and the amount of space on disk it takes. ( also called file system efficiency ). What is the difference between as it resides on the file system and actual size of the fil

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• Giving a permission to write and read from /var/www

  - by mako

  I need that directory, as I want to put my sites there, so that apache can run them.. It is my virtual directory path.. and I am new to linux.. I just want to read and write from that directory.. How do I enable creating/saving/reading files/folders from that directory? What command do I give? I tried a few, but I think I need to be a super user to make the folder writtable readable. Note that I dont care about security.

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• Xen 4.1 host (dom0) with blktap disks ("tap:aio:") not connecting

  - by Manwe

  Problem using blktap with xen-4.1 running Ubuntu Precise stock kernel with dom0 xen-4.1. I get: [ 5.580106] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 295s...290s. ... [ 300.580288] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) And some syslog lines: May 17 13:07:30 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: add XENBUS_PATH=backend/tap/10/51713 May 17 13:07:31 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: Writing backend/tap/10/51713/hotplug-status connected to xenstore. with tap:aio: disk lines. file:/ works. disk = [ 'tap:aio:/data/root.img,xvda1,w', ] Problem exists with lucid and precises domU kernels and both guests work in Ubuntu hardy dom0 Host 64bit 2.6.24-28-xen xen-3.3 3.2.0-24-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 25 08:43:22 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise

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• Updating autoreconf

  - by AzaraT

  So I need to use the autoreconf to configure a package. However I need at least version 2.61. I'm on CentOS 5.8 and it seems like there's no package for it so I went on to compile it myself. So I get the source of autoconf from http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/ and compiled that. And sure when I do autoconf -V it shows up as version 2.68 which is indeed the latest version. However autoreconf (nothing the re) still shows up as the old version 2.59 which causes me some problems. So could someone help a relatively new linux user, updating autoreconf properly? Thanks

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• Best DSL hardware for ADSL Troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Sacksteder

  I have a situation where I need to make the best of a bad DSL situation. The CPE is a black box with no access to DSL diagnostics. My plan is to get some sort of DSL hardware that exposes link-layer state and gives me knobs to tweak. I'd like to be able to mitigate bufferbloat as much as I can while I'm at it. The obvious choice would seem to be a Sangoma card in a linux system. I have no way of knowing if that will do anything for me without testing it, however. I have no other access to WAN troubleshooting equipment. Are there any other options avail to me as a consumer?

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• Meaning of Bridge-Check in iptables flowchart

  - by networkIT

  In the famous iptables flow-chart what does bridge-check exactly stands for ? I couldn't find any documentation. The only clue I found was while scanning the MikroTik RouterOS documentation ( RouterOS is build upon a Linux 2.6.16 kernel ), I found this : In-interface Bridge = Checks if the input interface is a port for a bridge or is the bridge. Manual:Packet Flow Comparing both flow-charts brings clues that iptables Bridge-check might equal MikroTik In-Interface Bridge. Is this true ? Else, what might be the meaning of iptables Bridge-Check ?

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• Server monitoring for medium scale UNIX network

  - by nbartolomeo

  I'm looking for suggestions for a good monitoring tools, or tools, to handle a mixed Linux (RedHat 4-5) and HPUX environment. Currently we are using Hobbit which is working reasonably well but it is becoming harder to keep track of what alerts are sent out for what servers. Features I'd like to see: Easy configuration of servers. The ability to monitor CPU, network, memory, and specific processes I've looked into Nagios but from what I have seen it won't be easy to set up the configuration for all of our servers ~200 and that without installing a plugin into each agent I won't be able to monitor processes.

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• Systemd-networkd: How can I prepend a static nameserver entry to DHCP-discovered nameservers?

  - by runiq

  I'm using systemd 213 on Arch Linux, and systemd-networkd with DHCP to connect to the internet. I'm also running a caching DNS server on 127.0.0.1. I'd like to make this server the first DNS server in the list, but I'd also like to use the nameservers discovered by systemd-networkd's DHCP facility. Using a static resolv.conf isn't really possible, because I connect to networks with different DNS settings. I know I can set fallback DNS servers in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf, but is there a way with systemd-networkd to prepend my local DNS server to those discovered by DHCP?

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• "Cannot allocate memory" while no process seems to be using up memory

  - by omat

  I am not competent on server issues, any help is much appreciated. When try to start a python/django shell on a linux box, I am getting OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory. free -m seems to confirm I am out of memory: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 590 560 29 0 3 37 -/+ buffers/cache: 518 71 Swap: 0 0 0 But I cannot see what is eating up the memory with top or ps aux: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 24336 908 0 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.85 ksoftirqd/0 How can I identify the leak? Thanks. BTW, I am not sure if it is relevant, but the machine I am talking about is an AWS EC2 instance with Ubuntu 12 running.

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• Separate brightness/power-saving settings for multiple monitors

  - by MariusMatutiae

  At home, I connect my laptop to an external monitor. Under Linux X server, it works perfectly. Occasionally I watch a movie on the external monitor. When I do, I would like to fold the laptop shut, and just relax. This however triggers my settings for dimming the screen after 10 minutes of inactivity, which in turn extends to the external monitor. I know I could solve the problem by setting dimming to "Never", but this is a waste, causes the laptop to overheat, and is bad for the normal laptop use. How can I set the power saving/brightness specs for the external monitor, independently of the onboard one? I run Debian or Arch, under KDE.

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• Apache: How can I make my localhost on 192.168.1.101 visible from 192.168.1.102?

  - by takpar

  Hi, I've setup a Apache web server on Ubuntu Linux. I can see http://localhost well. But I can't see localhost from other machines in my network using IP address: http://192.168.1.101 I added the lines below to my apache conf: `Allow from 192.168.1` but it did not work. It says "the connection has timed out". what should i do? PS: adp@adp-desktop:~$ sudo netstat -ap | grep apache tcp 0 0 *:www *:* LISTEN 10581/apache2 tcp 0 0 localhost:www localhost:46017 ESTABLISHED 10586/apache2

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• Restrict VPN Clients to VPN Server

  - by Sprotty

  I've setup a VPN server using Debians pptpd. This all works, but I want to restrict incoming connections so they can only access ports on the VPN server and not get access to other machines on the VPN servers local network. I'm guessing this is a firewall rule? but i'm new to linux so am struggling a bit... ---- Additional info ----- The VPN Server is also hosting an SVN server, which is its real purpose, and the only service I want it to expose to incoming connections. I guess I could expose the SVN server directly, but I'm not confident that I could secure this correctly, so a VPN seemed to give an additional layer of security.

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• Opening firewall to incoming port 443

  - by jrdioko

  I recently set up the ufw firewall on a Linux machine so that outgoing connections are allowed, incoming connections are denied, and denied connections are logged. This seems to work fine for most cases, but I see many denied connections that are incoming on port 443 (many with IPs associated with Facebook). I can open that port to incoming connections, but first wanted to ask what these could be. Shouldn't HTTPS requests be initiated by me and be treated as outbound, not inbound connections? Is it typical to open incoming port 443 on consumer firewalls?

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