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  • I don't understand the definition of side effects

    - by Chris Okyen
    I don't understand the wikipedia article on Side Effects: In computer science, a function or expression is said to have a side effect if, in addition to returning a value, it also 1.) Modifies some state or 2.) Has an observable interaction with calling functions or the outside world. I know an example of the first thing that causes a function or expression to have side effects - modifying a state Function and Expression modifying a state : 1.) foo(int X) { return x = x % x; } a = a + 1; What does 2.) - Has an observable interaction with calling functions or the outside world," mean? - Please give an example. The article continues on to say, "For example, a function might modify a global or static variable, modify one of its arguments, raise an exception, write data to a display or file, read data, or call other side-effecting functions...." Are all these examples, examples of 1.) - Modifiying some state , or are they also part of 2.) - Has an observable interaction with calling functions or the outside world?

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  • Should a project start with the client or the server?

    - by MadBurn
    Pretty simple question with a complex answer. Should a project start with the client or the server, and why? Where should a single programmer start a client/server project? What are the best practices and what are the reasons behind them? If you can't think of any, what reasons do you use to justify why you would choose to start one before the other? Personally, I'm asking this question because I'm finishing up specs for a project I will be doing for myself on the side for fun. But now that I'm finishing this phase, I'm wondering "ok, now where do I begin?" Since I've never done a project like this by myself, I'm not sure where I should start. In this project, my server will be doing all the heavy lifting and the client will just be sending updates, getting information from the server, and displaying it. But, I don't want that to sway the answer as I'm looking for more of an in depth and less specific answer that would apply to any project I begin in the future.

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  • Plug-in based software design

    - by gekod
    I'm a software developer who is willing to improve his software design skills. I think software should not only work but have a solid and elegant design too to be reusable and extensive to later purposes. Now I'm in search of some help figuring out good practices for specific problems. Actually, I'm trying to find out how to design a piece of software that would be extensible via plug-ins. The questions I have are the following: Should plug-ins be able to access each others functionality? This would bring dependencies I guess. What should the main application offer to the plug-ins if I want to let's say develop a multimedia software which would play videos and music but which could later on get functionality added over plug-ins that would let's say be able to read video status (time, bps, ...) and display it. Would this mean that the player itself would have to be part of the main program and offer services to plug-ins to get such information or would there be a way to develop the player as a plug-in also but offer in some way the possibility to other plug-ins to interact with it? As you see, my questions are mainly for learning purposes as I strive to improve my software development skills. I hope to find help here and apologize if something is wrong with my question.

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  • Are certain problems solved more elegantly with AOP?

    - by Winston Ewert
    I've come across the idea of Aspect Oriented Programming, and I have some concerns with it. The basic idea seems to be that we want to take cross-cutting concerns which aren't well modularized using object and modularize them. That is all very fine and well. But the implementation of AOP seems to be that of modifying code from outside of the module. So, for example, an aspect could be written that changes what happens when a particular object is passed as a parameter in a function. This seems to go directly against the idea of modules. I should not be able to modify a module's behavior from outside of that module, otherwise the whole point of modules are overturned. But aspects seem to be doing exactly that! Basically, aspects seems to be a form of code patching. It may useful for some quick hacks; but, as a general principle perhaps its not something you want to do. Aspect Oriented Programming seems to me taking a bad practice and raising to a general design principle. Is AOP a good practice? Are certain programming problems solved more elegantly with AOP?

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  • Can non-IT people handle a wiki?

    - by Andrew Heath
    (I'm hoping that some of you will have encountered this issue before and can offer some insights...) My company is looking to improve their market research data management. Current data management style: "Hey Jimbo, where's that picture of our WhatZit 2.0? "yeah I remember that email about that company from that guy, gimme a few minutes to search my Outlook" "who has the newest copy of the Important Competitor's product catalogue? Mine is from '09." ... "Colleen does, and she's on maternity leave. You'll have to call her to get her workstation password..." Desired data management style: data organized neatly by topic (legal, economic, industrial, competitor) for each topic, multiple media types stored together (company product images, press releases, contact info) but still neatly sorted by type data editing histories communal access (no data silos) I was thinking about setting up a department wiki for all users to access. It seems to satisfy the four criteria above, but I'm a little concerned about how user-friendly (read: decipherable to non-technical people) it is for the more advanced features like image galleries, article formatting, and the like. Has anyone here setup a wiki for non-IT people and had it not catch on fire//become a ghost town//look like Geocities? Bonus question: can you see any obvious drawbacks to my choice of MediaWiki (or any other wiki) for solving this problem? Thank you.

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  • How to choose a new technology for mastering and not lose sense of reality and practicality?

    - by Eyewan
    How to choose the right next step in learning programming and mastering new technologies? I have experience with WinForms applications in C# .NET. Next what I see as a good area of expanding the knowledge is ASP.NET. Language I already know, C #, so I think there is now more a matter of mastering new technologies. Also I have interest in WPF. Perhaps the best is to work on ASP.NET and WPF at the same time. Sometimes the problem is when we do not have motivation, but also known to become a problem when we want to much :) How to choose a new technology for mastering and not lose sense of reality and practicality?

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  • Wiki based requirements engineering tool

    - by Shanon
    Hi, I'm looking to to build a wiki based tool the helps/aides in the requirements engineering process. More specifically I am hoping to end up with a tool that helps inexperienced users easily create and design requirements documents on a wiki platform. I was wondering if there exist any wiki/wiki platforms that either already exist or are easily extendible or would be worth looking at that for this purpose. For instance some of the features I was hoping to add would be to add structure to a document so that information is filled out in a standardised manner. Another idea I was looking at was to somehow create relationships between different types of documents (for example- a goal diagram gets evolves/ helps in the development of the class diagram). So far I have come across FOSwiki which claims to to fully customisalble...but I'm not sure what it means and what I can really do with that. Any input on FOSwiki is also highly appreciated.

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  • How to define template directives (from an API perspective)?

    - by Ralph
    Preface I'm writing a template language (don't bother trying to talk me out of it), and in it, there are two kinds of user-extensible nodes. TemplateTags and TemplateDirectives. A TemplateTag closely relates to an HTML tag -- it might look something like div(class="green") { "content" } And it'll be rendered as <div class="green">content</div> i.e., it takes a bunch of attributes, plus some content, and spits out some HTML. TemplateDirectives are a little more complicated. They can be things like for loops, ifs, includes, and other such things. They look a lot like a TemplateTag, but they need to be processed differently. For example, @for($i in $items) { div(class="green") { $i } } Would loop over $items and output the content with the variable $i substituted in each time. So.... I'm trying to decide on a way to define these directives now. Template Tags The TemplateTags are pretty easy to write. They look something like this: [TemplateTag] static string div(string content = null, object attrs = null) { return HtmlTag("div", content, attrs); } Where content gets the stuff between the curly braces (pre-rendered if there are variables in it and such), and attrs is either a Dictionary<string,object> of attributes, or an anonymous type used like a dictionary. It just returns the HTML which gets plunked into its place. Simple! You can write tags in basically 1 line. Template Directives The way I've defined them now looks like this: [TemplateDirective] static string @for(string @params, string content) { var tokens = Regex.Split(@params, @"\sin\s").Select(s => s.Trim()).ToArray(); string itemName = tokens[0].Substring(1); string enumName = tokens[1].Substring(1); var enumerable = data[enumName] as IEnumerable; var sb = new StringBuilder(); var template = new Template(content); foreach (var item in enumerable) { var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); } return sb.ToString(); } (Working example). Basically, the stuff between the ( and ) is not split into arguments automatically (like the template tags do), and the content isn't pre-rendered either. The reason it isn't pre-rendered is because you might want to add or remove some template variables or something first. In this case, we add the $i variable to the template variables, var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; And then render the content manually, sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); Question I'm wondering if this is the best approach to defining custom Template Directives. I want to make it as easy as possible. What if the user doesn't know how to render templates, or doesn't know that he's supposed to? Maybe I should pass in a Template instance pre-filled with the content instead? Or maybe only let him tamper w/ the template variables, and then automatically render the content at the end? OTOH, for things like "if" if the condition fails, then the template wouldn't need to be rendered at all. So there's a lot of flexibility I need to allow in here. Thoughts?

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  • Compilable modern alternatives to C/C++

    - by Jeremy French
    I am considering writing a new software product. Performance will be critical, so I am wary of using an interpreted or language or one that uses a emulation layer (read java). Which leads me to thinking of using C (or C++) however these are both rather long in the tooth. I haven't used either for a long time. I figure in the last 20 years someone should have created something which is reasonably popular and is nice to code in and is complied. What more modern alternatives are there to C for writing high performance code compiled code? edit in response to comments If C++ is a different beast than it was 15 years ago, I would consider it, I guess I had an assumption that it had some inherent problems. Parallelisation would be important, but probably not across multiple machines.

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  • JavaFX - the right way to use Properties with domain objects

    - by pjm56
    JavaFX has provided a bunch of new Property objects, such as javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty which allow you to define fields which can be automatically observed and synchronised. In many JFX examples, the MVC model class has a number of these Property fields, which can then bind automatically to the view. However, this seems to be encouraging us to put JFX properties into our Domain objects (if you assume that the Model class is going to be a domain object), which strikes me as a poor separation of concerns (i.e. putting GUI code in the Domain). Has anyone seen this problem being solved in 'real life' and, if so, how was it done?

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  • Requriing static class setter to be called before Constructor, bad design?

    - by roverred
    I have a class, say Foo, and every instance of Foo will need and contain the same List object, myList. Since every class instance will share the same List Object, I thought it would be good to make myList static and use a static function to set myList before the constructor is called. I was wondering if this was bad, because this requires the setter to be called before the constructor. If the person doesn't, the program will crash. Alternative way would be passing myList every time. Thanks.

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  • MVC - Business Logic

    - by BriskLabs Pakistan
    I have created a MVC based simple java application. its helps the user to add records through data forms to database..... i want that the data that i put into the database as a record is worked upon i.e by performing calculations on it. the original data should remain unaffected. while the new data after calculations performed must be stored as a new entity record into database. Where should i write the code for this background calculation .. as it is the rules and business logic... in a new java beans file... Please guide. regards

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  • Is my concept in open source license correct?

    - by tester
    I would like to justify whether my concept in the open source license is correct, as you know that, misunderstanding the terms may lead to a serious law sue. Thank you. The main difference among the open source license is whether the license is copyleft. Copyleft license means allow the others to reproduce, modify and distribute the products but the released product is bound by the same licensing restriction. That means they have to use the same license for the modified version. Also, the copyleft license require all the released modified version to be free software. On the other hand, if any others create derived work incorporating non-copyleft licensed code, they can choose any license for the code. The serveral kinds of license and comparsion GPL is a restrictive license. Software requires to released as GPL license if that integrate or is modified from the other GPL license software . The library used in developing GPL license software are also restricted to GPL and LGPL , proprietary software are not allowed to employ (or complied with) in any part of the GPL application. LGPL is similar to GPL , but was more permissive with regarding allow the using of other non-GPL software. BSD is relatively simple license, it allow developer to do anything on the original source code . The license holder do not hold any legal responsibilities for their released product. Apache license is evolved from the BSD license. The legal terms are improved and are written by legal professionals in a more modern way. It covers comprehensive intellectual property ownership and liability issues. Also, are there any popular license beside these? Thank you

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  • How often is your "Go-To" language the same as your favorite??

    - by K-RAN
    I know that there's already a question asking for your favorite programming language here. I'm curious though, what's your go-to language? The two can be very different. For example, I love Haskell. I learned it this past semester and I fell in love with it's very concise solutions and awesome syntax (I love theoretical math so something like fib = 1 : 1 : [ f | f <- zipWith (+) fibSeq (tail fibSeq)] makes my inner mathematician and computer scientist jump with joy!). However, the majority of my projects for classes and jobs have been in C/C++ & Java. As a result, most of the time when I'm testing something like an algorithm or Data Structure I go straight to C++. What about you guys? What languages do you love and why? What about your go-to language? What language do you use most often to get things done for work or personal projects and why? How often does a language fall into both categories??

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  • Is there a sequence to read through the Android Developer Site for a user new to Android?

    - by Paul
    I keep seeing that I don't need to buy an android development book, that I should just read the Android Developer Site site because it has everything I need to know. I see it more as drinking from a fire hose. But I'm one of those people who likes to be walked thru the basics. I like to build up my knowledge, rather than being dropped into reference documentation. I also like to make sure I have see all/most of the topics covered. I'd hate to develop the wrong thing because I don't know about Fragments, Content Providers, or whatever. So, since it's a great resource, better than any book (we don't need no stinkin books), how do I traverse the site to get the information provide in the same way as a book would lay it out?

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  • Using Python to traverse a parent-child data set

    - by user132748
    I have a dataset of two columns in a csv file. Th purpose of this dataset is to provide a linking between two different id's if they belong to the same person. e.g (2,3,5 belong to 1) e.g COLA COLB 1 2 ; 1 3 ; 1 5 ; 2 6 ; 3 7 ; 9 10 In the above example 1 is linked to 2,3,5 and 2 is the linked to 6 and 3 is linked to 7. What I am trying to achieve is to identify all records which are linked to 1 directly (2,3,5) or indirectly(6,7) and be able to say that these id's in column B belong to same person in column A and then either dedupe or add a new column to the output file which will have 1 populated for all rows that link to 1 e.g of expected output colA colB GroupField 1 2 1; 1 3 1; 1 5 1 ; 2 6 1 ;3 7 1; 9 10 9; 10 11 9 I am a newbie and so am not sure on how to approach this problem.Appreciate any inputs you'll can provide.

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  • Sharing on Github

    - by Alan
    Over the past couple weeks I have gotten a lot of help from StackOverflow users on a project, and rather than keep the finished product to myself I wanted to share it unencumbered by licenses, but don't want there to be so much legwork during installation that users shy away from trying it. I am about to post it to Github and choosing public domain licensing. I would like to to be super simple for users to make use of and just FTP it up and go. That being said, do I need to make sure I remove things like the JQuery file, and other GPL / MIT licensed dependencies that I didn't write but that my code depends on? I haven't removed any copyright notices from the other code and all of it open source, it would just be nice if users could download everything at once while of course not trying to represent that I am the license holder of the dependencies. Inside my files are also some snippets, do those have to be externalized with installation instructions or can it be posted as is? Here is an example, my nav.php file is 115 lines long and I have these at the top: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/ddaccordion.js"> /*********************************************** * Accordion Content script- (c) Dynamic Drive DHTML code library (www.dynamicdrive.com) * Visit http://www.dynamicDrive.com for hundreds of DHTML scripts * This notice must stay intact for legal use ***********************************************/ </script> <link href="css/admin.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> ddaccordion.init({ headerclass: "submenuheader", //Shared CSS class name of headers group contentclass: "submenu", //Shared CSS class name of contents group revealtype: "click", //Reveal content when user clicks or onmouseover the header? Valid value: "click", "clickgo", or "mouseover" mouseoverdelay: 200, //if revealtype="mouseover", set delay in milliseconds before header expands onMouseover collapseprev: false, //Collapse previous content (so only one open at any time)? true/false defaultexpanded: [], //index of content(s) open by default [index1, index2, etc] [] denotes no content onemustopen: false, //Specify whether at least one header should be open always (so never all headers closed) animatedefault: false, //Should contents open by default be animated into view? persiststate: true, //persist state of opened contents within browser session? toggleclass: ["", ""], //Two CSS classes to be applied to the header when it's collapsed and expanded, respectively ["class1", "class2"] togglehtml: ["suffix", "<img src='./images/plus.gif' class='statusicon' />", "<img src='./images/minus.gif' class='statusicon' />"], //Additional HTML added to the header when it's collapsed and expanded, respectively ["position", "html1", "html2"] (see docs) animatespeed: "fast", //speed of animation: integer in milliseconds (ie: 200), or keywords "fast", "normal", or "slow" oninit:function(headers, expandedindices){ //custom code to run when headers have initalized //do nothing }, onopenclose:function(header, index, state, isuseractivated){ //custom code to run whenever a header is opened or closed //do nothing } }) </script>

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  • Android Card Game Database for Deck Building

    - by Singularity222
    I am making a card game for Android where a player can choose from a selection of cards to build a deck that would contain around 60 cards. Currently, I have the entire database of cards created that the user can browse. The next step is allowing the user to select cards and create a deck with whatever cards they would like. I have a form where the user can search for specific cards based off a few different attributes. The search results are displayed in a List Activity. My thought about deck creation is to add the primary key of each card the user selects to a SQLite Database table with the amount they would like in the deck. This way as the user performs searches for cards they can see the state of the deck. Once the user decides to save the deck. I'll export the card list to XML and wipe the contents of the table. If the user wanted to make changes to the deck, they would load it, it would be parsed back into the table so they could make the changes. A similar situation would occur when the eventually load the deck to play a game. I'm just curious what the rest of you may think of this method. Currently, this is a personal project and I am the only one working on it. If I can figure out the best implementation before I even begin coding I'm hoping to save myself some time and trouble.

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  • How to discriminate from two nodes with identical frequencies in a Huffman's tree?

    - by Omega
    Still on my quest to compress/decompress files with a Java implementation of Huffman's coding (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffman_coding) for a school assignment. From the Wikipedia page, I quote: Create a leaf node for each symbol and add it to the priority queue. While there is more than one node in the queue: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. Add the new node to the queue. The remaining node is the root node and the tree is complete. Now, emphasis: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. So I have to take two nodes with the lowest frequency. What if there are multiple nodes with the same low frequency? How do I discriminate which one to use? The reason I ask this is because Wikipedia has this image: And I wanted to see if my Huffman's tree was the same. I created a file with the following content: aaaaeeee nnttmmiihhssfffouxprl And this was the result: Doesn't look so bad. But there clearly are some differences when multiple nodes have the same frequency. My questions are the following: What is Wikipedia's image doing to discriminate the nodes with the same frequency? Is my tree wrong? (Is Wikipedia's image method the one and only answer?) I guess there is one specific and strict way to do this, because for our school assignment, files that have been compressed by my program should be able to be decompressed by other classmate's programs - so there must be a "standard" or "unique" way to do it. But I'm a bit lost with that. My code is rather straightforward. It literally just follows Wikipedia's listed steps. The way my code extracts the two nodes with the lowest frequency from the queue is to iterate all nodes and if the current node has a lower frequency than any of the two "smallest" known nodes so far, then it replaces the highest one. Just like that.

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  • Forking project on Github etiquette

    - by Mike Wills
    There is a project on Github that I mostly like and want to use. There are a few things I want to do differently/remove that doesn't make sense for what I want/need. Also I want to add a few things as well. As I understand it, I should fork the project and I can make whatever changes I want and push back to my fork. From there, I also want to occasionally pull into my fork the changes from the original project so I get the latest bug fixes/features. Am I off-base of how I think it should work? How would bring in the changes from the original project?

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  • Developing a DVR software using a hardware KIT

    - by Leron
    I'm currently thinking about a project for my masters degree graduation. I start researching for options to make my own video streaming software based on a premade hardware kit having not much knowledge about what I'll exactly need that will match my needs. My search led me to the DVR (Digital Video Recorder) cards which seems to be the closest to what I need, but still I can't find out a few basic things so I decide to ask for them here. Currently I haven't find a lot of manufacturers that offers such kits so where I can look and have some options to choose from? There are a lot of DVR products on the market but they already have a software written for them and even if I buy one they just don't give any documentation or sdk's so buying such is not an option I need a DVR card made exactly for software programers and not end users. Are there a preferred manufacturers that provide such kind of devices with good and developer-friendly documentation? Also - I prefer to do all this with Java, is this an option (I think I will make it with .NET too but really prefer Java as a language of choice)

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  • How to structure git repositories for project?

    - by littledynamo
    I'm working on a content synchronisation module for Drupal. There is a server module, which sits on ona website and exposes content via a web service. There is a also a client module, which sits on a different site and fetches and imports the content at regular intervals. The server is created on Drupal 6. The client is created on Drupal 7. There is going to be a need for a Druapl 7 version of the server. And then there will be a need for a Drupal 8 version of both the client and the server once it is released next year. I'm fairly new to git and source control, so I was wondering what is the best way to setup the git repositories? Would it be a case of having a separate repository for each instance, i.e: Drupal 6 server = 1 repository Drupal 6 client = 1 repository Drupal 7 server = 1 repository Drupal 7 client = 1 repository etc Or would it make more sense to have one repository for the server and another for the client then create branches for each Drupal version? Currently I have 2 repositories - one for the client and another for the server.

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  • What if I can't make my unit test fail in "Red, Green, Refactor" of TDD?

    - by Joshua Harris
    So let's say that I have a test: @Test public void MoveY_MoveZero_DoesNotMove() { Point p = new Point(50.0, 50.0); p.MoveY(0.0); Assert.assertAreEqual(50.0, p.Y); } This test then causes me to create the class Point: public class Point { double X; double Y; public void MoveY(double yDisplace) { throw new NotYetImplementedException(); } } Ok. It fails. Good. Then I remove the exception and I get green. Great, but of course I need to test if it changes value. So I write a test that calls p.MoveY(10.0) and checks if p.Y is equal to 60.0. It fails, so then I change the function to look like so: public void MoveY(double yDisplace) { Y += yDisplace; } Great, now I have green again and I can move on. I've tested not moving and moving in the positive direction, so naturally I should test a negative value. The only problem with this test is that if I wrote the test correctly, then it doesn't fail at first. That means that I didn't fit the principle of "Red, Green, Refactor." Of course, This is a first-world problem of TDD, but getting a fail at first is helpful in that it shows that your test can fail. Otherwise this seemingly innocent test that is just passing for incorrect reasons could fail later because it was written wrong. That might not be a problem if it happened 5 minutes later, but what if it happens to the poor-sap that inheirited your code two years later. What he knows is that MoveY does not work with negative values because that is what the test is telling him. But, it really could work and just be a bug in the test. I don't think that would happen in this particular case because the code sample is so simple, but if it were a large complicated system that might not be the case. It seems crazy to say that I want to fail my tests, but that is an important step in TDD, for good reasons.

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  • Which languages are more conducive to telecommuting, and also less concerned with pairing?

    - by Dirk
    I don't know that it may even make a difference, and I reckon if it did the differences would be cultural rather than technical, but if one were going to set out today (2011) to learn a language, and specifically wanted to telecommute (so they could live in two different places during the year), are there any languages whose culture looks more favorably upon telecommuting than other languages / cultures? For example, I get the impression (and I am probably completely wrong) that in the Ruby community, you are more likely to be expected to be on-site and doing pair programming (though I suppose you can do pairing remotely too). As a corollary question, are there languages / communities where pair programming is less important, for people who wanted to program in part because they aren't social butterflies?

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  • Advice: How to overcome the "accent" barrier in cross-geographical teams ?

    - by shan23
    I'm an Indian working in a MNC. As a result, I often have to attend(and contribute) to meetings where I have to listen to people who have a pronounced American accent. Some are still understandable, but a couple of people I have interact with speak such a different form of English, I mostly have to guess at what they are saying. When I ask them to clarify, they often speak the same sentence in the same tenor/speed, so my net gain is zero. My question is, how to politely put it across that due to their accent, I can't understand a thing, and may they please speak slowly and a bit clearly ? Some people might take it a bit personally, since "everyone else" is understanding them perfectly...and I don't want to cause offense at all. Any ideas ?

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