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• LDAP authentication issue with Kerio Connect

  - by djk

  Hi, We have Kerio Connect (mail server) running on a Windows Server 2003 server on a domain. In the webmail client, users are able to change their domain password. This functionality used to work fine until a user tried to change their password a few days ago, when every password they'd try would result in the webmail client claiming their password was "invalid". I spoke to Kerio about this and they claim that this error is returned by the domain controller, which supports my initial investigations. The error that the DC is logging when an attempt is made to change the password is this: "80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C090334, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 52e, vece" The "data 52e" part indicates that this is an "invalid credentials" error. I don't see how this can be as I've tried (in the Kerio Connect configuration) various accounts that have privileges to modify accounts, including my own as I am a domain admin. I have ran 'dcdiag' (all tests) on the DC and it came back passing every single one of them. I've searched high and low for an answer to this and came up empty. Does anyone have any idea why this may have suddenly started happening? Thanks! Edit: I should mention that the passwords we are changing to do comply with the complexity policy.

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• VPN from Windows XP to OpenSwan: correct setup?

  - by Gnudiff

  Main question is what I am doing wrong in my OpenSwan or L2TP client setup? I am trying to create a Linux OpenSwan VPN connection from Windows XP machine, using preshared key and the builtin Windows XP L2TP IPsec option. I have followed the instructions in Linux Home networking Wiki for setting up OpenSwan and a guide to making it work with the Windows XP client, but am now stuck. The net setup is as follows: [my windows client, private IP A]<->[f/wall B]<-internet->[g/w X]<->[Linux OpenSwan server Y] A - private subnet /24 B - internet address X - internet address /24 Y - internet address on same subnet as X What I essentially want is for computer with A address to feel and work, as if it was in X subnet for purposes of outgoing and incoming TCP and UDP connections. My OpenSwan setup is as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf (AAA and YYY indicates ip address parts of A and Y addresses): conn net-to-net authby=secret left=B leftsubnet=AAA.AAA.AAA.0/24 leftnexthop=%defaultroute right=Y rightsubnet=YYY.YYY.YYY.0/24 rightnexthop=B auto=start the secret in /etc/ipsec.secrets is listed as: B Y : PSK "0xMysecretkey" where B & Y stand for respective IP adresses of gateway B and linux server Y My L2TP WinXP setup is: IP of destination: Y don't prompt for username security options: typical, require secured pass, don't require data encryption, IPSec PSK set to 0xMysecretkey networking options: VPN Type: L2TP IPSec VPN; TCPIP protocol (with automatic IP address assignment) and QOS packet schedulers enabled The error I get from Windows client is 789: "error during initial negotiation"

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• pgpoolAdmin keeps going straight back to it's login page

  - by user705142

  I'm trying to run pgpoolAdmin through nginx - it seems to be working properly, at least initially. I've gone through the initial set-up, which works fine, but now after logging in every link takes me straight back to the login page. It also shows japanese text instead of english, despite picking english in the installation. It seems to me just as if it was unable to save any user data, session information etc. I have javascript/cookies enabled, so it's not that. The ownership of the folder is nginx, and so too is pgmgt.conf.php, so it shouldn't be a problem with permissions. One potential issue is that I can't seem to see any confirmation that php postgresql support is enabled in the php info screen, despite the correct package installed and in the config line. Any ideas as to what's happening here? The nginx rules are pretty standard: server { # pg-pool admin listen 997; server_name localhost; root /opt/pgpooladmin; index index.php; location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_pass_header Set-Cookie; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } }

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• tcp msl timeout

  - by iamrohitbanga

  The following is given in the book TCP IP Illustrated by Stevens Quiet Time Concept The 2MSL wait provides protection against delayed segments from an earlier incarnation of a connection from being interpreted as part of a new connection that uses the same local and foreign IP addresses and port numbers. But this works only if a host with connections in the 2MSL wait does not crash. What if a host with ports in the 2MSL wait crashes, reboots within MSL seconds, and immediately establishes new connections using the same local and foreign IP addresses and port numbers corresponding to the local ports that were in the 2MSL wait before the crash? In this scenario, delayed segments from the connections that existed before the crash can be misinterpreted as belonging to the new connections created after the reboot. This can happen regardless of how the initial sequence number is chosen after the reboot. To protect against this scenario, RFC 793 states that TCP should not create any connections for MSL seconds after rebooting. This is called the quiet time Few implementations abide by this since most hosts take longer than MSL seconds to reboot after a crash. Do operating systems wait for 2MSL seconds now after a reboot before initiating a TCP connection. The boot times are also less these days. Although the ports and sequence numbers are random but is this wait implemented in Linux?

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• subdomain .htaccess redirection via ssh remote port forwarding

  - by Achim

  I ask you to help me URL redirecting a subdomain to a SSH remote forwarded port: The current setup is the following: The server A have a local webserver running on port 80. This server is connected to a DSL line or a GPRS connection where the IP address changes often. To prevent a DynDNS setup we established a SSH remote port forwarding to a server B with a static IP adress. This is done on server A by the following statement: ssh -N -p 80 -g -R 10000:localhost:80 tunneling@<Server B IP> So by accessing the new port 10000 of the servers B IP-adress, all traffic is forwarded to the server A port 80 - this works fine! But to offer a more comfortable url to the user I want to hide the server B IP-adress and offer a subdomain. My domain provider allows to add subdomains and redirections to some other servers. In general, this works, I've tested this with different servers. But it don't work if the destination is the port forwarded port of server B. The initial redirection is done, the request is send to server A and the response are forwarded to server B and shown in the browser - fine. But then the URL within the browser is switched away from the subdomain to the IP:port of server B. So the user don't see the subdomain in the URL string of the browser anymore. I've tried this with my providers subdomain redirection, as well as .htaccess redirect, as well as META refresh, the problem always persist. Is there a parameter in the ssh reverse forwarding setup (I guess this is the place where the fix have to be) to keep the typed in subdomain URL and not show the IP. Thanks Achim

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• Where is the TFS database?

  - by Blanthor

  I've been using TFS 2010 with no problems. I tried adding a user and I got the following error message. "TF30063: You are not authorized to access <serverName>\DefaultCollection. -The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized." I remoted into the server, <serverName>, and opened the TFS Console. The logs mentioned a connection string: ConnectionString: Data Source=<serverName>\SS2008;Initial Catalog=Tfs_DefaultCollection;Integrated Security=True While remoted in I open SQL Server 2008 Management Studio opening the (local) server with Windows Authentication. It shows the connection to be (local)(SQL Server 9.04.03 - <serverName>\Admin), and there is no Tfs_DefaultCollection database. Can someone tell me what is going on? Was I wrong in connecting to this instance of the database (i.e. Is the log file the wrong place to find the connection string)? Is the database so corrupted that SQL Manager Studio cannot see it anymore, although TFS could? Should I be logging into Management Studio as user SS2008? btw I don't know of any such credentials.

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• Better approach to archiving large amounts of original video footage using optical media (DVD/Blu-ra

  - by Rob

  This question is to share my experience as well as ask for suggestions for better methods. Along with 2 friends, I completed the making of a short documentary film in 2006. Clip is at: http://www.youtube.com/mediamotioninvision The film was edited in Adobe Premiere Pro 1.5 on Windows XP. More details and screenshot here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/smilingrobbie/1350235514/ ( note this is not intended to be a plug, we've moved on from this initial learning curve project ;) ) The film is in 4:3 standard definition 720x576 PAL format. As well as retaining the final 30minute film, I wanted to keep all original files that assembled together to make the film. The footage was 83.5Gb So I archived them to over 20 4.7Gb DVD recordables in the original .avi format (i.e. data DVD-ROM format, NOT DVD-Video Mpeg2) Some .avi DV video files were larger than 4.7Gb so I used 7-zip to split them ( here is a guide as to how to do that: http://www.linglom.com/2008/10/12/how-to-split-a-large-file-using-7-zip/ ) To recombine them, a dos shell command like this would do that: copy /b file.avi.* file.avi would do the job, where .* is a wild card to include all the split parts e.g. 001, 002...00n assuming they are all in the same directory path folder. file.avi is the recombined file identical to the original. Later on, I bought a LG BE06 LU10 USB 2.0 Super-multi Blu-ray burner and archived the footage to 2 (two) x 50Gb BD-R DL discs. Again in the original format, written as files to a BD-R in the BD-R BD-ROM UDF format readable by PC/Mac etc, NOT Blu-ray video/film format. This seems to be a good solution for me, because: the archive is in a robust, reasonably permanent, non-volatile medium, i.e. DVD recordable / Blu-ray (debates about stability of optical media organic chemical dye compounds/substrates aside) the format of the archive is accessible by open source tools or just plain Windows Explorer and it's not in a proprietary format I just thought I'd ask folks for their experience on better methods, if such exist.

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• Windows Virtual Machines will not run

  - by jlego

  I'm trying to setup a few virtual machines to use for testing websites in the various old versions of IE. I had Microsoft Virtual PC working on an older machine using XP mode and 2 other VHD's from Microsoft that allowed me to test in IE6-IE8. I've recently gotten a new work machine and am trying to set up the VMs again for testing, however nothing seems to be working. Both the old and the new system run Windows 7 64-bit Ultimate with AMD processors. I downloaded Virtual PC & XP mode from here http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtual-pc/download.aspx and go through the installation process. XP mode is installed, but when I try to run it it goes through the initial setup process only to fail when it is almost complete with the error "Cannot Complete Setup". (After googling I see that this might be a conflict with my processor) I download other VHD's from here http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtual-pc/download.aspx in order to get the other versions of IE and try to set those up in Virtual PC as well. I click on them to start the machine and both Windows 7 with IE8 and Windows Vista with IE7 just hang at a black screen. I try to use Virtual Box instead, and I get Windows XP with IE6 running, but I have no internet connection in the VM. I try all different settings and try to google the correct settings but nothing seems to work. When I load the VM, XP shows that its found new hardware but it needs the drivers. One of these pieces of hardware is the network adapter, but I can't connect to the internet to download the driver in the guest OS. VirtualBox tells me I need to install extensions in order for things to function properly. I go through the installation process in the guest OS and restart the VM, however now XP is asking for validation and I can't access the VM. I try installing the other 2 OS (Vista & 7) but I get a BSOD right after the startup screen appears and the VM restarts itself. I'm getting so frustrated trying to make this work, I would really appreciate any assistance on getting the VMs up and running or any alternatives for testing websites in Internet Explorer.

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• Long access time for static web page on virtual machine

  - by Karol

  My setup Windows 7 on workstation that I use at work (with domain) and home (no domain) Virtual machine (VMWare) that runs Arch Linux (I will call it just "Linux") with network interface in bridged mode. Linux serves web pages with Nginx. IP address of Linux machine is 192.168.0.16 and is added to C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts: 192.168.0.16 bridged bri IP address of Windows workstation is added to /etc/hosts: 192.168.0.10 workstation I can add more details to my setup description (I am not sure what is relevant). The question Often (but not always) it takes long time for a web browser (Firefox) to open static web page served by Linux. I am sure it is not a performance issue. To be more specific: it takes about ~20 seconds to resolve(?) the address http://bridged for a web browser. Additionally I have just installed samba service and noticed similar problem, so it is not specific to browser & http. Initial access for samba shares also takes long time.

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• CentOS 5.5 remote kickstart installation stalls at "Starting install process." How to debug?

  - by ewwhite

  Hello, I'm having a difficult time with a remote CentOS 5.5 kickstart installation on an HP ProLiant DL360 G6. This is in an environment where I maintain an internal CentOS yum repository. The kickstart installation and post scripts have been tested and normally work. This hardware is also common in this environment, so I do not believe that it is a factor. Unfortunately, I'm having problems with a specific server install. The system is remote to the yum repository at a distance of 500 miles. They are connected over a private low-latency 100-megabit layer 2 connection (26ms round-trip). I'm mounting the 10mb CentOS 5 netinstall ISO image via an HP ILO remote console. The initial boot parameters are: linux ks=http://yum.abctrading.com/prop.cfg ksdevice=eth0 ip=x.x.x.x dns=x.x.x.x netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=x.x.x.x I'm using the url --url http://ks.abctrading.com/5.5/os/x86_64/ method of installation. This quickly boots into the anaconda installer, pulls the kickstart config and formats the drives. The process eventually halts at the screen below, reading "Starting install process.". Going to the other virtual consoles give the second image below. The process stalls at this point and cannot proceed with the rest of the installation. Running the same kickstart config locally works just fine. I've tried mounting the boot ISO from the console as well as from the ILO2 command line pointing to a locally-hosted boot ISO via http. How can I debug this? Are there any options I've overlooked?

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• Windows Explorer slow to open networked computer, fast to navigate once opened

  - by Scott Noyes

  I open Windows Explorer and enter an IP for a computer on my home network (\\192.168.1.101). It takes 30 seconds or more to present a list of the shared folders. It does not appear to be an initial handshaking/authentication thing; even if I allow the view to load and then immediately load the same again, it is always slow. Once they appear, navigating through folders and opening files is fast. Also, navigating directly to a folder (\\192.168.1.101\My Music) is fast, even if it's the first connection since a restart. Using \\computerName instead of the IP address gives exactly the same results. Pings return in 1ms. net view \\computerName (or \ipAddress) returns the list of shared folders fast. This makes me suspect an Explorer issue rather than a network issue. Suspecting that the remote computer was being automatically indexed or something, I went into Tools-Folder Options-View and unchecked "Automatically search for network folders and printers," but that made no difference. De-selecting the "Folders" icon near the address bar makes no difference. Adding the IP address and computer name to the hosts file makes no difference. Both computers involved are laptops running Windows XP. Both have WiFi and cable adapters. Mine is not connected via cable. The result is the same whether the target is plugged in to the cable or not (although the IP address changes - 192.168.1.101 over cable, 192.168.1.103 over WiFi.) We are using DHCP assigned by the router.

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• Replicated MongoDB server slower than simple shards

  - by displayName

  I tried to compare the performance of a sharded configuration against a sharded and replicated configuration. The sharded configuration consists of 8 shards each running on three different machines thereby constituting a total of 24 shards. All 8 of these shards run in the same partition on each machine. The sharded and replicated version is 8 shards again just like plain sharding, and all 8 mongods run on the same partition in each machine. But apart from this, each of these three machine now run additional 16 threads on another partition which serve as the secondary for the 8 mongods running on other machines. This is the way I prepared a sharded and replicated configuration with data chunks having replication factor of 3. Important point to note is that once the data has been loaded, it is not modified. So after primary and secondaries have synchronized then it doesn't matter which one i read from. To run the queries, I use an entirely different machine (let's call it config) which runs mongos and this machine's only purpose is to receive queries and run them on the cluster. Contrary to my expectations, plain sharding of 8 threads on each machine (total = 3 * 8 = 24) is performing better for queries than the sharded + replicated configuration. I have a script written to perform the query. So in order to time the scripts, I use time ./testScript and see the result. I tried changing the reading preference for replicated cluster by logging to mongo of config and run db.getMongo().setReadPref('secondary') and then exit the shell and run the queries like time ./testScript. The questions are: Where am i going wrong in the replication? Why is it slower than its plain sharding version? Does the db.getMongo().ReadPref('secondary') persist when i leave the shell and try to perform the query? All the four machines are running Linux and i have already increased the ulimit -n to 2048 from initial value of 1024 to allow more connections. The collections are properly distributed and all the mongods have equal number of chunks. Goes without saying that indices in both configurations are the same.

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• Blinking power button

  - by Mike Ramsey

  A friend asked me to look at his Gateway DX4640 desktop. When he presses the power button, power goes to the mobo (NVIDIA nForce 630i MCP73PV, GeForce 7100 chipset) and the CPU fan starts spinning. The power button slowely blinks on and off (blue) and the screen briefly says no signal and then goes black. And nothing else; no post code beeps. My initial two conjectures were: 1. Vista was stuck in sleep/hibernation mode, or 2. A power off had left the mobo in a bad state. The fix for both is to: a) Unplug the AC power cord b) hold the power button for 30 second to fully discharge the mobo It didn't help. I left the system unplugged from AC power for an hour. No change. I am out of ideas. Has anybody seen anything like this before? What does a blinking blue power button mean? How can I get more data points to guide trouble shooting? --Thank you, --Mike

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• Network Misconfiguration when adding first host to new vSphere cluster

  - by dunxd

  I am building a new vSphere cluster from scratch. I have installed ESXi on the first host, and built a vCenter server on a VM residing on that host (storage is on the local hard drive, although we have iSCSI targets which I can reach from the host). The cluster is configured for HA. When I try and add the host to the cluster, I get an error at the point where HA is configured - Cannot complete the . I have stripped the network configuration of the host down to the most basic - a single NIC attached to a single vSwitch - this is running the VMKernel Port on VLAN 8 - that is our Management VLAN. The vCenter server will have a network address on this VLAN, so I also set the initial Virtual Machine Port Group to this VLAN, and connected the vCenter server NIC to this port group. I understand I can't connect the vCenter server to the VMkernel port group, but shouldn't I be able to connect the vCenter server to a Port Group in the same VLAN? If not, do I need to create a VLAN specifically for VMKernel Port Group? I plan to set up another port group for vMotion with a dedicated and isolated VLAN (i.e. VLAN isn't routed) so this wouldn't allow vCenter to communicate. Does anyone have any suggestions, or other ideas for what might be causing the problem. I've read through the documentation, but it isn't giving me any pointers, and the error message isn't helping me beyond telling me something is wrong with my network config.

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• computer build for extreme tabbed browsing

  - by David Berger

  I'm interested in building or buying a task-specific computer for my brother. His requirements are ridiculously simple: the machine has to be able to wait in hundreds of web-based virtual waiting rooms at once and not crash. To be competitive, he needs to be able to enter the waiting rooms an dauto-refresh them faster. My question is, what priority do I give the different specs? My initial surmise is this: Connection speed (nothing to do with my build, but I kind of think this will be more beneficial than anything I build for him) Memory size -- I don't usually see firefox taking up more than a gig, even when heavily tabbed, but I think one gig for the operating system and two gigs for the browser are necessary. Processor speed -- I think the processor will affect performance, but even something out of date will do what he needs Memory speed/RAM bus -- I doubt this will matter much, but it seems just on this side of irrelevant. Everything else is a non-issue for him. Does this seem to stack up correctly? Also, since he's looking to stay on the cheaper side, and I might end up recommending a refurb to him, is there anything particularly egregious that Vista would do if it came pre-installed? If I build it myself, I'll give him linux, but if I have it shipped to him, I'm not sure I could walk him through the install process for linux, but I probably could walk him through the process to upgrade to Windows 7, if it were somehow worth it.

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• Xen domU passwd file overwritten with console log output

  - by malfy

  I was setting up a Debian Xen domU and after booting it fine, I added basic configuration to /etc/network/interfaces and ran /etc/init.d/networking restart. This failed so I decided to reboot. After the reboot I also ran xm shutdown box. When dropped to a shell prompt it wouldn't let me login. Upon further inspection, I now have garbage in some critical files in /etc: root@box:/# tail +1 mnt/etc/{passwd-,shadow} tail: cannot open `+1' for reading: No such file or directory ==> mnt/etc/passwd- <== 0000000000100000 (reserved) Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000004000000 (usable) Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] DMI not present or invalid. Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x4000 max_arch_pfn = 0x1000000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 033ff000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000004000000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] 0000000000 - 0004000000 page 4k Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 4000000 @ 7000-2c000 Nov 23 02:02:3 ==> mnt/etc/shadow <== 32 nr_cpumask_bits:32 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 15 pages/cpu @c15b0000 s37688 r0 d23752 u65536 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s37688 r0 d23752 u65536 alloc=16*4096 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Xen: using vcpu_info placement Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16160 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mapper/xen-guest_root ro quiet root=/dev/xvda1 ro Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: The garbage is also present in the passwd file and the group file (although I didn't paste that above since I have since ran debootstrap on the filesystem again). Does anyone have any insight into what happened and why?

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• SSO "Portal"

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  Pursuant to my question on alleviating the password explosion, I've contacted some of the services to whom we are paying money to access their websites to ask if we could authenticate our own users, and some of them said yes and send me specs on how to do so. (One of the sites called such a system a page a "portal"; I've never heard the term used in quite that way.) It is simple enough that I am tempted to roll my own. The largest complication is that one site wants us to store a key for every user in our database (and I think the LDAP database makes sense) after their initial login. So, non-trivial, but doable. The nature of these sorts of tasks, I expect, is that if they start out small and simple, they don't end that way. There must be some software that addresses this that is readily extended, surely. In my searching, I've come across: SimpleSAMLphp JOSSO RubyCAS-Server Shibboleth Pubcookie OpenID [Wow, gee. I'd missed some of those in my previous searches! The wikipedia page on Central Authentication Services is useful, and the section on Alternatives to OpenID makes it look like there is a lot of choice.] Can anyone recommend any of these, or suggest ones to avoid? Internally, we are authenticating using Apple's Open Directory [ == OpenLDAP + Kerberos + Password Server (which, I believe, == SAML) ]. As far as extending/tweaking/advanced configuration of a system, I am able to program in Python, C++, can do some basic PHP, and may be able to remember some Java. Looks like I need to pick up Ruby at some point. Addendum: I would also like users to be able to change their passwords over the web (and for certain users to change passwords of other users).

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• Remote search system for samba shares

  - by fostandy

  I have several shares residing on a samba server in a small business environment that I would like to provide search facilities for. Ideally this would be something like google desktop with some extra features (see below), but lacking this the idea is to take what I can get, or at least get an idea for what is out there. Using google desktop search as a reference model, the principle additional requirement is that it is usable from clients over the network. In addition there are some other notes (note that none of these are hard requirements) The content is always files, residing on a single server, accessible from samba shares. Standard ms office document fare Also a lot of rars and zips which it is necessary to search inside. Permissions support, allowing for user-based control to reflect current permission access in samba shares. The userbase will remain fairly static, so manual management of users is fine. majority of users will be Windows based I know there are plenty of search indexers out there: beagle and tracker seem to be the most popular. Most do not seem to offer access control and web-based/remote search does not seem to be high priority. I've also seen a recent post on the samba mailing list asking for pretty much the exact same thing. (They mention a product called IBM OmniFind Yahoo! Edition and while their initial reception seems positive, I am pretty skeptical. RHEL 4? Firefox 2? Updated much?) edit: similar question here What else is out there? Are you in a similar situation? What do you use?

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• tcp msl timeout implementation in linux

  - by iamrohitbanga

  The following is given in the book TCP IP Illustrated by Stevens Quiet Time Concept The 2MSL wait provides protection against delayed segments from an earlier incarnation of a connection from being interpreted as part of a new connection that uses the same local and foreign IP addresses and port numbers. But this works only if a host with connections in the 2MSL wait does not crash. What if a host with ports in the 2MSL wait crashes, reboots within MSL seconds, and immediately establishes new connections using the same local and foreign IP addresses and port numbers corresponding to the local ports that were in the 2MSL wait before the crash? In this scenario, delayed segments from the connections that existed before the crash can be misinterpreted as belonging to the new connections created after the reboot. This can happen regardless of how the initial sequence number is chosen after the reboot. To protect against this scenario, RFC 793 states that TCP should not create any connections for MSL seconds after rebooting. This is called the quiet time Few implementations abide by this since most hosts take longer than MSL seconds to reboot after a crash. Do operating systems wait for 2MSL seconds now after a reboot before initiating a TCP connection. The boot times are also less these days. Although the ports and sequence numbers are random but is this wait implemented in Linux? Also RFC 793 says that this wait is not required if history is maintained. Does linux maintain any history of used sequence numbers for connections to handle this case?

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• What are some techniques to monitor multiple instances of a piece of software?

  - by Geo Ego

  It was recommended that I ask this question here by a member of StackOverflow. I have a piece of self-serve kiosk software that will be running at multiple sites. I'd like to monitor their status remotely. The kiosk application itself is pretty much finished. I am now in the process of creating a piece of software that will monitor all of the kiosks from a central location so that the customer can view particular details remotely (for instance, how many bills are in the acceptor's cash cartridge, what customer is currently logged in, etc.). Because I am in such an early stage of development, my options are quite open. I understand that I'm not giving very many qualifications, but I'd like to try to get a good variety of potential solutions. Some details: Kiosk software is a VB6 app running on Windows Embedded Monitoring software will be run on a modern desktop version of Windows (either XP, Vista, or 7) Database is SQL Server 2008 My initial idea was to develop a .NET app that would simply report the last database transaction for each kiosk at a set interval (say every second or so) but I'd really like for the kiosk software to report its status in real-time. I'm not exactly sure where to begin in terms of what modifications may need to be made to the kiosk software, and what the monitoring software will require. Links to articles on these topics would be most welcome.

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• How to pipe internet radio into a tuner?

  - by JW

  UPDATE: Thanks everyone for the ideas! This was an area I knew very little about but now I can talk with a little more expertise about it. Much appreciated! Visited my dad this weekend and he wants to pipe some internet radio he's found down to a tuner on quite a distance away in the house. He uses computers for only very basic things: e-mail, getting the Post crossword, checking Yahoo!, checking recipes, etc. There's currently one computer in the house (no router). My initial suggestion (without any research whatsoever) was to get a wireless router and a netbook for downstairs near the tuner, but he initially wasn't too keen about having another computer down there. Anyway, is there any computer hardware that could magically pipe the audio output from the computer down to one set of (RCA) audio inputs on the tuner? Wireless isn't necessary but it probably would be easier. Anyway, thanks for your suggestions! UPDATE Thanks everyone! Voted up all of your suggestions now that I have 15 rep. Much appreciated.

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• Backing up server and multiple clients

  - by inquam

  I'm running a Amahi server. It's basically a Fedora14 x64 installation. I'm looking for a good solution to backup my 200GB system drive on the server to an external USB/eSATA drive every night. I looked into using dd but since other things might be running on the server at the same time it didn't feel quite safe. I would like the backups to be incremental so the following backups after the initial one would be quite fast. The backup should also be bootable or prehaps be able to produce a bootable disk after booting from a CD or something. I would also like the server to be able to do similar backups of my clients running Ubuntu, Windows 7 x64, Windows 7 Starter, OSX Lion, Windows XP and so on. So no applications backing up only shared folders or something like that. My guess is a client daemon would have to exist that would lock the system to allow backup of a Windows system drive that can otherwise be quite cranky. Booting up a CD in a crashed client and connecting to the server restoring the latest backup and being up running is my ideal goal. Is there anything out there that would fit these needs?

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• Best way to execute a command after Linux system halt

  - by Lukas Loesche

  Problem: The SSDs in our servers require a power cycle (i.e. off/on, not reset/warm reboot) after a firmware update. Thoughts: Using 'ipmitool chassis power cycle' I can cycle the server's power. However this would cut the power while the system is still running, filesystems are mounted, etc. What I basically want is a delayed power cycle so the system has a change to halt. But I guess that would have to be implemented on the server's IPMI board, so it's not really an option. My initial idea was to dynamically create a ramdisk containing the tool and libs and somehow integrate that into the halt process. I saw there's a /etc/init.d/halt, so that would be my starting point. Although I believe the kernel at some point in the shutdown process starts to kill off remaining processes. So I'm not even sure if that's a viable way. Question: What would be the best way to execute ipmitool (or any other command), after the system has halted and all regular filesystems are unmounted?

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• What is the IPv6 equivalent to IPv4 RFC1918 addresses?

  - by Kumba

  Having a hard time wrapping my head around IPv6 here. A lot of the lingo seems targeted at enterprise-level IPv6 deployments, discussing link-local, site-local, global unicast, scopes, etc. Not a lot of solid information on really small networks, like home networks. I want to check my thinking and make sure I am getting the correct translations from IPv4-speak to IPv6-speak. The first question is, what's the equivalent of RFC1918 for IPv6? Initial searches suggested there was no equivalent. Then I stumbled upon Unique Local Addresses (RFC4193), and that states that all ULA's should be assigned the prefix fc00, followed by a 40-bit random number in the routing prefix. This random number is to "prevent collisions when two IPv6 networks are interconnected" -- again, another reference to an enterprise-level function. If I have a small local LAN at home, numbered using 192.168.4.0/24, what's my equivalent in IPv6's ULA scope? Assuming I will never, ever, tie that IPv6 address into the real internet (a router will NAT & firewall it), can I ignore the RFC to an extent and go with fc00::4:0/120? It also seems that any address in fc00::/7 are to be globally routable. Does this mean I'll need extra protections so my router would not automatically start advertising these private IPv6 addresses to the world? Second question, what's this link-local thing? Reading suggests a default-assigned address in the fe80::/10 range that has the last 64bits of the address comprised of the interface's MAC address. Seems to be required, too, but I'm annoyed by the constant discussion of it in relation to enterprise networks. Third question, what is scope id for? Seems to be yet another term tossed around in relation to enterprise networks, especially when interconnecting them, but almost no explanation on the smaller home network level. Can I see a scope ID AND CIDR notation used together? I.e., fc00::4:0/120%6, or are scope IDs only supposed to be applied to a single /128 IPv6 address?

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• Sporadic email delivery to one user

  - by minamhere

  I have a user that occasionally does not receive emails from outside our organization. It does not seem to matter whether the other person is replying to an initial email or sending a new message. I have checked the Exchange System Manager and there is no record of the sender at all during this time period. No record of the message getting captured by the spam software (GFI Mail Essentials). The sender does not receive an NDR or any other indication that the message didn't arrive. It seems to me that these messages are not even getting to our servers at all. But, this is only impacting one user(that I am aware of) and not all the time. Some messages get through without any problem, others just disappear. The senders are not related at all. One is in another country, one uses AOL, one uses a corporate Exchange server locally. I can't seem to find a pattern. Where else can I look to try to figure out where these messages are going/getting captured? Are there additional logs that I can enable either within GFI or Exchange that might shed some light on this? Thanks. We are using Exchange 2003 on Server 2003. Desktop client is Outlook 2003 on Windows XP Pro.

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