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  • Embedded Linux: Memory Fragmentation

    - by waffleman
    In many embedded systems, memory fragmentation is a concern. Particularly, for software that runs for long periods of time (months, years, etc...). For many projects, the solution is to simply not use dynamic memory allocation such as malloc/free and new/delete. Global memory is used whenever possible and memory pools for types that are frequently allocated and deallocated are good strategies to avoid dynamic memory management use. In Embedded Linux how is this addressed? I see many libraries use dynamic memory. Is there mechanism that the OS uses to prevent memory fragmentation? Does it clean up the heap periodically? Or should one avoid using these libraries in an embedded environment?

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  • Why Switch/Case and not If/Else If?

    - by OB OB
    This question in mainly pointed at C/C++, but I guess other languages are relevant as well. I can't understand why is switch/case still being used instead of if/else if. It seems to me much like using goto's, and results in the same sort of messy code, while the same results could be acheived with if/else if's in a much more organized manner. Still, I see these blocks around quite often. A common place to find them is near a message-loop (WndProc...), whereas these are among the places when they raise the heaviest havoc: variables are shared along the entire block, even when not propriate (and can't be initialized inside it). Extra attention has to be put on not dropping break's, and so on... Personally, I avoid using them, and I wonder wether I'm missing something? Are they more efficient than if/else's? Are they carried on by tradition?

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  • Difference of two 'uint'

    - by vanslly
    When you attempt to declare an unsigned variable in C#.NET with a value outside its value range it is flagged as a compiler error, but if you produce a negative value at runtime and assign it to that variable at runtime the value wraps. uint z = -1; // Will not compile uint a = 5; uint b = 6; uint c = a - b; // Will result in uint.MaxValue Is there a good reason why unsigned variables wrap in such a situation instead of throwing an exception? Thanks.

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  • Best Way to transfer data From one page to another In asp.net.

    - by Anish Karunakaran
    In my scenario am using java script popup that popups another form Which is an address Entry form of merely 20 Controls in it. Now am retrieving data from address page to main page by using a session variable which stores a data table of values. Two different Session variables are this way used for permanent and temporary addresses.. Using session variable degrades the performance i know.. What is the best way to transfer value from one page to another. Regards anish.

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  • Why will this code compile using ifort compiler and not when using gfortran compiler? Help!

    - by CuriousCompiler
    I'm rewriting some code to make a program compile with the gfortran compiler as opposed to ifort compiler I usually use. The code follows: _Subroutine SlideBits (WORD, BITS, ADDR) Implicit None Integer(4) WORD Integer(4) BITS Integer(4) ADDR Integer(4) ADDR1 ADDR1 = 32 - ADDR WORD = (WORD .And. (.Not.ISHFT(1,ADDR1))) .Or. ISHFT(BITS,ADDR1) End_ When I compile the above code using the gfortran compiler, I recieve this error: WORD = (WORD .And. (.Not.ISHFT(1,ADDR1))) .Or. ISHFT(BITS,ADDR1) Error: Operand of .NOT. operator at (1) is INTEGER(4) All three of the variables coming into the subroutine are integers. I've looked around a bit and the gfortran wiki states that the gfortran compiler should be able to handle logical statments being applied to integer values. Several other sites I've visited either quote from the gnu wiki or agree with it. This is the first time I've seen this error as the Intel Fortran compiler (ifort) I normally use compiles cleanly.

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  • Why is the destructor called when the CPython garbage collector is disabled?

    - by Frederik
    I'm trying to understand the internals of the CPython garbage collector, specifically when the destructor is called. So far, the behavior is intuitive, but the following case trips me up: Disable the GC. Create an object, then remove a reference to it. The object is destroyed and the __del__ method is called. I thought this would only happen if the garbage collector was enabled. Can someone explain why this happens? Is there a way to defer calling the destructor? import gc import unittest _destroyed = False class MyClass(object): def __del__(self): global _destroyed _destroyed = True class GarbageCollectionTest(unittest.TestCase): def testExplicitGarbageCollection(self): gc.disable() ref = MyClass() ref = None # The next test fails. # The object is automatically destroyed even with the collector turned off. self.assertFalse(_destroyed) gc.collect() self.assertTrue(_destroyed) if __name__=='__main__': unittest.main() Disclaimer: this code is not meant for production -- I've already noted that this is very implementation-specific and does not work on Jython.

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  • Can a CWinApp be placed in a DLL?

    - by jmucchiello
    I'm updating some legacy apps to Visual Studio 10 and am in linker hell. All of these DLLs derive classes from CWinApp and use AfxGetApp() to get access to the object. When I link the DLLs I get unresolved externals that look like global static objects that would get pulled in by a normal app's main(): Shell.lib(SHELL.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct CRuntimeClass const CException::classCException" (?classCException@CException@@2UCRuntimeClass@@B) Shell.lib(SHELL.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct CRuntimeClass const CFrameWnd::classCFrameWnd" (?classCFrameWnd@CFrameWnd@@2UCRuntimeClass@@B) Shell.lib(SHELL.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static class CRect const CFrameWnd::rectDefault" (?rectDefault@CFrameWnd@@2VCRect@@B) My current combination of ignore default libraries and additional libraries (the method you can easily google to find the answer to linker hell) is: msvcprtd.lib,mfc100d.lib,mfcs100d.lib,libcmtd.lib When I add nafxcwd.lib (the mfc library), these three external symbols resolve but I end up with a bunch of other duplicate symbols (requiring the use of /FORCE:MULTIPLE) and in end __argc and __argv become unresolved. So the basic question is: Can you link a DLL containing a CWinApp in VS10? How do you setup the linker to do it?

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  • Effective methods for reading and writing large files in C

    - by Bertholt Stutley Johnson
    I'm writing an application that deals with very large user-generated input files. The program will copy about 95 percent of the file, effectively duplicating it and switching a few words and values in the copy, and then appending the copy (in chunks) to the original file, such that each block (consisting of between 10 and 50 lines) in the original is followed by the copied and modified block, and then the next original block, and so on. The user-generated input conforms to a certain format, and it is highly unlikely that any line in the original file is longer than 100 characters long. Which would be the better approach? a) To use one file pointer and use variables that hold the current position of how much has been read and where to write to, seeking the file pointer back and forth to read and write; or b) To use multiple file pointers, one for reading and one for writing. I am mostly concerned with the efficiency of the program, as the input files will reach up to 25,000 lines, each about 50 characters long. Thanks!

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  • How come checkbox state is not always passed along to PHP script?

    - by George Edison
    I have an HTML form: <form action='process.php' method='post'> <input type='checkbox' name='check_box_1' /> Check me!<br> </form> Here is a section from the PHP script process.php: echo (isset($_POST['check_box_1']))?'Set':'Not set'; The output of the script when the checkbox is set is Set But when the checkbox is not set, the output is: Not set Why is this? This seems like a very poor design because my PHP script checks a number of $_POST variables to make sure they were passed along to the script. When the $_POST['check_box_1'] value is not set, then how do I know whether the script failed to pass along the value or the checkbox was just not set?

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  • Generic WithEvents

    - by serhio
    Error: 'WithEvents' variables can only be typed as classes, interfaces or type parameters with class constraints Background: Public Class Tadpole(Of T As IVisibleChanged, P As IVisibleChanged) Private WithEvents _Tad As T ' ERROR ' Private WithEvents _Pole As P ' ERROR ' Public Property Tad() As T ... Public Property Pole() As P ... End Class ''' IVisibleChanged ''' Public Interface IVisibleChanged Property Visible() As Boolean Event VisibleChanged As EventHandler End Interface Workaround: a. Use AddHandler to handle events defined in a structure. EDIT b. use Private WithEvents _Tad AsIVisibleChanged (M.A. Hanin) c. ?

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  • arguments into instance methods in ruby

    - by aharon
    So, I'd like to be able to make a call x = MyClass.new('good morning', 'good afternoon', 'good evening', 'good night', ['hello', 'goodbye']) that would add methods to the class whose values are the values of the arguments. So now: p x.methods #> [m_greeting, a_greeting, e_greeting, n_greeting, r_greeting, ...] And p x.m_greeting #> "good morning" p x.r_greeting #> ['hello', 'goodbye'] I realize that this is sort of what instance variables are to do (and that if I wanted them immutable I could make them frozen constants) but, for reasons beyond my control, I need to make methods instead. Thanks!

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  • Making ofHideReadOnly work with UseLatestCommonDialogs

    - by Jan Goyvaerts
    In Delphi 2007 and later, the global variable UseLatestCommonDialogs causes TOpenDialog to use the new Vista-style dialog on Windows Vista and 7. That's cool. Unfortunately, the Vista-style dialog does not seem to support the ofHideReadOnly option of TOpenDialog. The read-only checkbox never appears regardless whether this option is set to True or False. How can I make TOpenDialog show a read-only checkbox on the Vista-style dialog? TOpenTextFileDialog adds a combo box to the dialog regardless of whether it's Vista-style or not. It should be possible to add a read-only checkbox in the same way, but I can't figure out how to do it, even when looking at the source for TOpenTextFileDialog.

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  • ASP.NET MVC: Routing

    - by JamesBrownIsDead
    Let's say I have this Controller: public class GlobalizationController : Controller { public JavaScriptResult GlobalizedLabels(string virtualPath) { return new JavaScriptResult(); } } I want the controller to handle (i.e. invoke from) any of the relative URLs below: /globalization/~Enlargement/Controls/Container.ascx /globalization/test/foobar.aspx /globalization/HappyTimes/Are/Right/Now What would my entry in global.asax routes.MapRoute() entry look like? As in... routes.MapRoute("Globalization", "globalization/{virtualPath}", new { controller = "Globalization", action = "GlobalizedLabels" }); The URL pattern "{virtualPath}" is wrong. What should it be?

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  • Best way to provide software settings?

    - by claws
    I'm using C# .NET. In my software I'm providing settings dialog through which user can set the application settings which I want to save to a file. Requirements (typical): Every class I defined uses some part of these settings. So, these should be global to all classes. These should be loaded while software is started. When ever user changes settings and clicks 'save'/'apply'. Current settings should change. I am wondering what is the best way to do this? Also, what is the best way to save these settings to disk? I mean should I create a Settings class object and serializing it to 'settings.dat' or provide an structured file like XML/JSON

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  • Using table-of-contents in code?

    - by AareP
    Do you use table-of-contents for listing all the functions (and maybe variables) of a class in the beginning of big source code file? I know that alternative to that kind of listing would be to split up big files into smaller classes/files, so that their class declaration would be self-explanatory enough.. but some complex tasks require a lot of code. I'm not sure is it really worth it spending your time subdividing implementation into multiple of files? Or is it ok to create an index-listing additionally to the class/interface declaration?

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  • A specific string format with a number and character together represeting a certain item

    - by sil3nt
    Hello there, I have a string which looks like this "a 3e,6s,1d,3g,22r,7c 3g,5r,9c 19.3", how do I go through it and extract the integers and assign them to its corresponding letter variable?. (i have integer variables d,r,e,g,s and c). The first letter in the string represents a function, "3e,6s,1d,3g,22r,7c" and "3g,5r,9c" are two separate containers . And the last decimal value represents a number which needs to be broken down into those variable numbers. my problem is extracting those integers with the letters after it and assigning them into there corresponding letter. and any number with a negative sign or a space in between the number and the letter is invalid. How on earth do i do this?

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  • Javascript clears a variable after there is no further reference it

    - by Praveen Prasad
    It is said, javascript clears a variable from memory after its being referenced last. just for the sake of this question i created a JS file with only one variable; //file start //variable defined var a=["Hello"] //refenence to that variable alert(a[0]); // //file end no further reference to that variable, so i expect javascript to clear varaible 'a' Now i just ran this page and then opened firebug and ran this code alert(a[0]); Now this alerts the value of variable, If the statement "Javascript clears a variable after there is no further reference it" is true how come alert() shows its value. Is it because all variable defined in global context become properties of window object, and since even after the execution file window objects exist so does it properties.

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  • Does MATLAB perform tail call optimization?

    - by Shea Levy
    I've recently learned Haskell, and am trying to carry the pure functional style over to my other code when possible. An important aspect of this is treating all variables as immutable, i.e. constants. In order to do so, many computations that would be implemented using loops in an imperative style have to be performed using recursion, which typically incurs a memory penalty due to the allocation a new stack frame for each function call. In the special case of a tail call (where the return value of a called function is immediately returned to the callee's caller), however, this penalty can be bypassed by a process called tail call optimization (in one method, this can be done by essentially replacing a call with a jmp after setting up the stack properly). Does MATLAB perform TCO by default, or is there a way to tell it to?

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  • Unique keys for Sphinx along three vectors instead of two

    - by Brendon Muir
    I'm trying to implement thinking-sphinx across multiple 'sites' hosted under a single rails application. I'm working with the developer of thinking-sphinx to sort through the finer details and am making good progress, but I need help with a maths problem: Usually the formula for making a unique ID in a thinking-sphinx search index is to take the id, multiply it by the total number of models that are searchable, and add the number of the currently indexed model: id * total_models + current_model This works well, but now I also through an entity_id into the mix, so there are three vextors for making this ID unique. Could someone help me figure out the equation to gaurantee that the id's will never collide using these three variables: id, total_models, total_entities The entity ID is an integer. I thought of: id * (total_models + total_entities) + (current_model + current_entity) but that results in collisions. Any help would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • C++ - dynamic pointer of array

    - by Eagle
    Hi to all, first i would like to say i am Newbie in C++. As part of my master thesis i am writing a program in C++ which also get as parameters the variables m and d (both integers). Were d is the power of 2 (this means 2^d elements). Parameter m define the number of possible interactions between one element and the total group (2^d elements). The number of possible interactions is computed as following: \kappa = \sum_{i=0}^m\binom{d}{i} (at present i generate vector of vectors for 2^d x \kappa, but my Prof. would like me to create different statistics to different m's. My first though was to to generate a dynamic array of m arrays of different sizes... Then i though of defining a 3-dim array with the biggest needed 2d array, but also program speed is important (e.g d = 20). i would like to ask for your advice how to define such kind of dynamic array that will also be fast. Regards

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  • show definition (browse) in *.pdb of *.dll file

    - by ala
    I have built a Library project (DLL) in .NET. And sometimes I use the DLL along with its PDB file as a reference in some other projects. Now in the new project, I cant browse through the code of the DLL to debug. I can only see the definitions of class/methods/variables. That's by using "show definition" by browsing through the "class view" However, only in case of an exception I the contents of the DLL opens and I could see the entire code of the DLL from the new project. How could I see the contents (code) of the DLL before an exception occur?

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  • Search for Variable Usage In SSIS tasks

    - by yoni.s
    Hi all: As what seems to be some sort of penance for sins in a prior life, I have been tasked with maintaining some SSIS packages. (NO! NO BADMOUTHING SSIS!! BAD PROGRAMMMER! NO DOUGHNUT!). Anyhoo, I many of the packages have variables, defined in an outer container, which are used in multiple inner containers, in script tasks. What I want to do, is find out all the places in a package a variable being used; in other words, search for instances of variable usage in all tasks of a package. This would be a huge help, but I cannot for the life of me find out how this can be done in BIDS. (this is SSIS/BIDS 2008) Thanks for any help, YS

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  • Is there an easy way to make `boost::ptr_vector` more debugger friendly in Visual Studio?

    - by Billy ONeal
    I'm considering using boost::ptr_container as a result of the responses from this question. My biggest problem with the library is that I cannot view the contents of the collection in the debugger, because the MSVC debugger doesn't recognize it, and therefore I cannot see the contents of the containers. (All the data gets stored as void * internally) I've heard MSVC has a feature called "debugger visualizers" which would allow the user to make the debugger smarter about these kinds of things, but I've never written anything like this, and I'm not hugely firmiliar with such things. For example, compare the behavior of boost::shared_ptr with MSVC's own std::tr1::shared_ptr. In the debugger (i.e. in the Watch window), the boost version shows up as a big mess of internal variables used for implementing the shared pointer, but the MSVC version shows up as a plain pointer to the object (and the shared_ptr's innards are hidden). How can I get started either using or implementing such a thing?

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  • How do I prevent my form from freezing when it is loading an image from the web at the click of a button?

    - by Vimal Basdeo
    I want to display an image from the web to a panel in another Jframe at the click of a button but whenever I click the button first the image loads and during this time the current form potentially freezes and once the image has loaded the form is displayed with the image.. How can I avoid the situation where my form freezes since it is very irritating My codes :: My current class private void btn_TrackbusActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { try { sendMessage("Query,map,$,start,211,Arsenal,!"); System.out.println(receiveMessage()); } catch (UnknownHostException ex) { Logger.getLogger(client_Trackbus.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(client_Trackbus.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.getLogger(client_Trackbus.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } client_trackedbus nextform=new client_trackedbus(planform,connection,packet_receive,packet_send); this.setVisible(false); this.dispose(); nextform.setVisible(true); // TODO add your handling code here: } My next class that displays the image public class client_trackedbus extends javax.swing.JFrame { client_planform planform=null; DatagramSocket connection=null; DatagramPacket packet_receive=null; DatagramPacket packet_send=null; JLabel label=null; /** Creates new form client_trackedbus */ public client_trackedbus(client_planform planform,DatagramSocket connection,DatagramPacket packet_receive,DatagramPacket packet_send) { initComponents(); this.planform=planform; this.connection=connection; this.packet_receive=packet_receive; this.packet_send=packet_send; try { displayMap("http://www.huddletogether.com/projects/lightbox2/images/image-2.jpg", jPanel1, new JLabel()); } catch (MalformedURLException ex) { Logger.getLogger(client_trackedbus.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } private void displayMap(String url,JPanel panel,JLabel label) throws MalformedURLException{ URL imageurl=new URL(url); Image image=(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(imageurl)); ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(image); label.setIcon(icon); panel.add(label); // System.out.println(panel.getSize().width); this.getContentPane().add(panel); } /** This method is called from within the constructor to * initialize the form. * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is * always regenerated by the Form Editor. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code"> private void initComponents() { jPanel1 = new javax.swing.JPanel(); jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel(); btn_Exit = new javax.swing.JButton(); btn_Plan = new javax.swing.JButton(); setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setTitle("Public Transport Journey Planner"); javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanel1Layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanel1); jPanel1.setLayout(jPanel1Layout); jPanel1Layout.setHorizontalGroup( jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGap(0, 368, Short.MAX_VALUE) ); jPanel1Layout.setVerticalGroup( jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGap(0, 172, Short.MAX_VALUE) ); jLabel1.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Arial", 1, 18)); jLabel1.setText("Your tracked bus"); btn_Exit.setText("Exit"); btn_Exit.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { btn_ExitActionPerformed(evt); } }); btn_Plan.setText("Plan journey"); btn_Plan.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { btn_PlanActionPerformed(evt); } }); javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane()); getContentPane().setLayout(layout); layout.setHorizontalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(104, 104, 104) .addComponent(jLabel1)) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addContainerGap() .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(65, 65, 65) .addComponent(btn_Plan) .addGap(65, 65, 65) .addComponent(btn_Exit, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 87, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))) .addContainerGap(20, Short.MAX_VALUE)) ); layout.setVerticalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(35, 35, 35) .addComponent(jLabel1) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(btn_Exit) .addComponent(btn_Plan)) .addContainerGap(12, Short.MAX_VALUE)) ); pack(); }// </editor-fold> private void btn_ExitActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { // TODO add your handling code here: Exitform(); } private void btn_PlanActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { // TODO add your handling code here: this.setVisible(false); this.dispose(); this.planform.setVisible(true); } private void Exitform(){ this.setVisible(false); this.dispose(); } /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { // new client_trackedbus().setVisible(true); } }); } // Variables declaration - do not modify private javax.swing.JButton btn_Exit; private javax.swing.JButton btn_Plan; private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1; private javax.swing.JPanel jPanel1; // End of variables declaration }

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  • using ruby test and selenium grid how can I keep the same browser window for multiple tests?

    - by George Horlacher
    Each of my tests start a new selenium client browser and tear it down so they can run stand alone with this code: def setup if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new("#$sell_server", 4444, "#$browser", "http://#$network.#$host:2086", 10000); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context("test_login") end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end What I'd like is to run a suite of tests that all use the same browser and don't keep opening and closing new browsers for every test. I've tried using $selenium as a global object / browser but each test still opens up a new browser and closes it. How should this be done?

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