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• Any better algorithm possible here?

  - by Cupidvogel

  I am trying to solve this problem in Python. Noting that only the first kiss requires the alternation, any kiss that is not a part of the chain due to the first kiss can very well have a hug on the 2nd next person, this is the code I have come up with. This is just a simple mathematical calculation, no looping, no iteration, nothing. But still I am getting a timed-out message. Any means to optimize it? import psyco psyco.full() testcase = int(raw_input()) for i in xrange(0,testcase): n = int(raw_input()) if n%2: m = n/2; ans = 2 + 4*(2**m-1); ans = ans%1000000007; print ans else: m = n/2 - 1 ans = 2 + 2**(n/2) + 4*(2**m-1); ans = ans%1000000007 print ans

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• Selecting Element followed by text with Selenium WebDriver

  - by Andrew

  I am using Selenium WebDriver and the Python bindings to automate some monotonous WordPress tasks, and it has been pretty straightforward up until this point. I am trying to select a checkbox, but the only way that I can identify it is by the text following it. Here is the relevant portion of HTML: <li id="product_cat-52"> <label class="selectit"> <input value="52" type="checkbox" name="tax_input[product_cat][]" id="in-product_cat-52"> polishpottery </label> </li> The only information that I have in my script to identify this checkbox is the string "polishpottery". Is there any way to select that checkbox knowing only the text that follows?

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• Launching browser within CherryPy

  - by Alan Harris-Reid

  I have a html page displayed using... cherrypy.quickstart(ShowHTML(htmlfile), config=configfile) Once the page is loaded (eg. initiated via. the command 'python mypage.py'), I would like to automatically launch the browser to display the page (eg. via. http://localhost/8000). Is there any way I can achieve this (eg. via. a hook within CherryPy), or do I have to call-up the browser manually (eg. by double-clicking an icon)? TIA Alan

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• Using Property Builtin with GAE Datastore's Model

  - by ejel

  I want to make attributes of GAE Model properties. The reason is for cases like to turn the value into uppercase before storing it. For a plain Python class, I would do something like: Foo(db.Model): def get_attr(self): return self.something def set_attr(self, value): self.something = value.upper() if value != None else None attr = property(get_attr, set_attr) However, GAE Datastore have their own concept of Property class, I looked into the documentation and it seems that I could override get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) to achieve my goal. Nevertheless, I don't know what model_instance is and how to extract the corresponding field from it. Is overriding GAE Property classes the right way to provides getter/setter-like functionality? If so, how to do it? Added: One potential issue of overriding get_value_for_datastore that I think of is it might not get called before the object was put into datastore. Hence getting the attribute before storing the object would yield an incorrect value.

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• Django 1.2 crash course needed

  - by delusionalweekendwarrior

  I know Python but I've never used Django. What do I need to know about Django 1.2 to port my typical PHP CRUD web application in one weekend? (Yes I've read Joel Spolsky's Netscape article :-)) I'm reading this tutorial right now and it's excellent. I'm already playing around with inspectdb to generate my models from the existing schema. I'm planning to use the following features of Django this weekend: Fragment caching Static asset versioning (for far future expires) Schema migrations (or whatever they're called in Django) Auto-admin (and customize it later) The test framework ...other stuff I probably don't know about yet I'm familiar with all these concepts in other languages/frameworks, except for the ORM which I've never used. I know SQL pretty well though. Any links, sage bits of advice, gotchas, stuff not mentioned in the (excellent) tutorial/docs, or stuff that is mentioned but warrants repeating == very welcome. Thanks!

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• Killing a script launched in a Process via os.system()

  - by L.J.

  I have a python script which launches several processes. Each process basically just calls a shell script: from multiprocessing import Process import os import logging def thread_method(n = 4): global logger command = "~/Scripts/run.sh " + str(n) + " >> /var/log/mylog.log" if (debug): logger.debug(command) os.system(command) I launch several of these threads, which are meant to run in the background. I want to have a timeout on these threads, such that if it exceeds the timeout, they are killed: t = [] for x in range(10): try: t.append(Process(target=thread_method, args=(x,) ) ) t[-1].start() except Exception as e: logger.error("Error: unable to start thread") logger.error("Error message: " + str(e)) logger.info("Waiting up to 60 seconds to allow threads to finish") t[0].join(60) for n in range(len(t)): if t[n].is_alive(): logger.info(str(n) + " is still alive after 60 seconds, forcibly terminating") t[n].terminate() The problem is that calling terminate() on the process threads isn't killing the launched run.sh script - it continues running in the background until I either force kill it from the command line, or it finishes internally. Is there a way to have terminate also kill the subshell created by os.system()?

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• Why are closures broken within exec?

  - by Devin Jeanpierre

  In Python 2.6, >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in dict(a=2), {} 2 >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in globals(), {'a': 2} Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <lambda> NameError: global name 'a' is not defined >>> exec "print (lambda: a).__closure__" in globals(), {'a': 2} None I expected it to print 2 twice, and then print a tuple with a single cell. It is the same situation in 3.1. What's going on?

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• Close a tag with no text in lxml

  - by PulpFiction

  I am trying to output a XML file using Python and lxml However, I notice one thing that if a tag has no text, it does not close itself. An example of this would be: root = etree.Element('document') rootTree = etree.ElementTree(root) firstChild = etree.SubElement(root, 'test') The output of this is: <document> <test/> </document I want the output to be: <document> <test> </test> </document> So basically I want to close a tag which has no text, but is used to the attribute value. How do I do that? And also, what is such a tag called? I would have Googled it, but I don't know how to search for it.

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• Pass logger instance to class

  - by mridang

  Hi Guys, I'm using a open-source Python library in my project. This library logs a lot of information using the logging class. ...but I can't see the output or log it to file. I know that i would have to create a logger instance and add a file-handler or a console-handler to it but how can i pass this logger instance to the class? Here's the init snippet of the class that I'm going to be using. class Periscope: ''' Main Periscope class''' def __init__(self): self.config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser({"lang": "en"}) if is_local: self.config_file = os.path.join(bd.xdg_config_home, "periscope", "config") if not os.path.exists(self.config_file): folder = os.path.dirname(self.config_file) if not os.path.exists(folder): logging.info("Creating folder %s" %folder) os.mkdir(folder) logging.info("Creating config file") configfile = open(self.config_file, "w") self.config.write(configfile) configfile.close() else: #Load it self.config.read(self.config_file) self.pluginNames = self.listExistingPlugins() self._preferedLanguages = None Any help? Thanks guys.

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• Obtain Latitude and Longitude from a GeoTIFF File

  - by Mikee

  Using GDAL in Python, how do you get the latitude and longitude of a GeoTIFF file? GeoTIFF's do not appear to store any coordinate information. Instead, they store the XY Origin coordinates. However, the XY coordinates do not provide the latitude and longitude of the top left corner and bottom left corner. It appears I will need to do some math to solve this problem, but I don't have a clue on where to start. What procedure is required to have this performed? I know that the GetGeoTransform() method is important for this, however, I don't know what to do with it from there.

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• Why don't scripting languages output Unicode to the Windows console?

  - by hippietrail

  The Windows console has been Unicode aware for at least a decade and perhaps as far back as Windows NT. However for some reason the major cross-platform scripting languages including Perl and Python only ever output various 8-bit encodings, requiring much trouble to work around. Perl gives a "wide character in print" warning, Pythong gives a charmap error and quits. Why on earth after all these years do they not just simply call the Win32 -W APIs that output UTF-16 Unicode instead of forcing everything through the ANSI/codepage bottleneck? Is it just that cross-platform performance is low priority? Is it that the languages use UTF-8 internally and find it too much bother to output UTF-16? Or are the -W APIs inherently broken to such a degree that they can't be used as-is?

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• Are mathamatical Algorithms protected by copyright

  - by analogy

  I wish to implement an algorithm which i read in a journal paper in my software (commercial). I want to know if this is allowed or not. The algorithm in question is described in http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2938 It is a very simple algorithm and a number of implementations exist in python (http://igraph.sourceforge.net/) and java. One of them is in gpl another which i got from a different researcher and had no license attached. There are significant differences in two implementations, e.g. second one uses threads and multiple cores. It is possible to rewrite/ (not translate) the algorithm. So can I use it in my software or on a server for commercial purpose. Thanks

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• Values of Variables Matrix NumPy

  - by Max Mines

  I'm working on a program that determines if lines intersect. I'm using matrices to do this. I understand all the math concepts, but I'm new to Python and NumPy. I want to add my slope variables and yint variables to a new matrix. They are all floats. I can't seem to figure out the correct format for entering them. Here's an example: import numpy as np x = 2 y = 5 w = 9 z = 12 I understand that if I were to just be entering the raw numbers, it would look something like this: matr = np.matrix('2 5; 9 12') My goal, though, is to enter the variable names instead of the ints.

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• Why is it that I cannot insert this into Django correctly?

  - by alex

  new_thing = MyTable(last_updated=datetime.datetime.now()) new_thing.save() >>>>select * from MyTable\G; last_updated: 2010-04-01 05:26:21 However, in my Python console...this is what it says... >>> print datetime.datetime.now() 2010-04-01 10:26:21.643041 So obviously it's off by 5 hours. By the way, the database uses "SYSTEM" as its time, so they should match perfectly. mysql> SELECT current_time; +--------------+ | current_time | +--------------+ | 10:30:16 | +--------------+ >>> print datetime.datetime.now() 2010-04-01 10:30:17.793040

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• How do you PEP 8-name a class whose name is an acronym?

  - by Arrieta

  I try to adhere to the style guide for Python code (also known as PEP 8). Accordingly, the preferred way to name a class is using CamelCase: Almost without exception, class names use the CapWords convention. Classes for internal use have a leading underscore in addition. How can I be consistent with PEP 8 if my class name is formed by two acronyms (which in proper English should be capitalized). For instance, if my class name was 'NASA JPL', what would you name it?: class NASAJPL(): # 1 class NASA_JPL(): # 2 class NasaJpl(): # 3 I am using #1, but it looks weird; #3 looks weird too, and #2 seems to violate PEP 8. Thoughts?

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• How do I safely destroy a dialog window of a wxPython application?

  - by Akira

  I created a wxPython application which shows some messages on a dialog window. The dialog window is needed to be force-destroyed by the application before I click the dialog OK button. I used wx.lib.delayedresult to make the destroy call. My code is: import wx dlg=wx.MessageDialog(somewindow,'somemessage') from wx.lib.delayedresult import startWorker def _c(d): dlg.EndModal(0) dlg.Destroy() def _w(): import time time.sleep(1.0) startWorker(_c,_w) dlg.ShowModal() This can do what I desire to do while I got a error message below: (python:15150): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_widget_destroy: assertion `GTK_IS_WIDGET (widget)' failed How do I "safely" destroy a dialog without clicking the dialog button?

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• Importing Classes Within a Module

  - by CodeJoust

  Currently, I have a parser with multiple classes that work together. For Instance: TreeParser creates multiple Product and Reactant modules which in turn create multiple Element classes. The TreeParser is called by a render method within the same module, which is called from the importer. Currently, using the class name in the imported module file works only if the file calling the module contains from module_name import *, so the classes are imported into the main namespace. Finally, if the package has dependencies (such as re and another another module within the same folder), where is the best place to require those modules? Within the __init__.py file or within the module itself? I don't really want to add the module name in front of every call to the class, in case I do call import *, however, is it possible to use a variable name of the current module to call the class, or use a workaround in the __init__.py file? I'm probably used to the ruby require '' method instead of python's module system.

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• MapReduce results seem limited to 100?

  - by user1813867

  I'm playing around with Map Reduce in MongoDB and python and I've run into a strange limitation. I'm just trying to count the number of "book" records. It works when there are less than 100 records but when it goes over 100 records the count resets for some reason. Here is my MR code and some sample outputs: var M = function () { book = this.book; emit(book, {count : 1}); } var R = function (key, values) { var sum = 0; values.forEach(function(x) { sum += 1; }); var result = { count : sum }; return result; } MR output when record count is 99: {u'_id': u'superiors', u'value': {u'count': 99}} MR output when record count is 101: {u'_id': u'superiors', u'value': {u'count': 2.0}} Any ideas?

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• DLL Load Failed, Not a Valid Win32 App showing for both x86 & x64 DLLs

  - by mitrebox

  Trying to run the latest version of heatmap. http://jjguy.com/heatmap/ DLL load keeps crapping out on me in both 64 & 32 bit dlls. (Similar questions on this seemed irrelevant as I've tried loading both DLLs) I'm running Windows 7. I have uninstalled and re-installed 2.7.3 64 bit. Idle Top line: Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 I've tried loading C:\Python27\DLLs\cHeatmap-x86.dll ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application. C:\Python27\DLLs\cHeatmap-x64.dll ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application. I can run heatmap 1.1 but that was before DLLs were added.

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• How do I read from a file consists of city names and coordinates/Populations and create functions to get the coordinates and population?

  - by Braybray

  I'm using Python, and I have a file which has city names and information such as names, coordinates of the city and population of the city: Youngstown, OH[4110,8065]115436 Yankton, SD[4288,9739]12011 966 Yakima, WA[4660,12051]49826 1513 2410 Worcester, MA[4227,7180]161799 2964 1520 604 Wisconsin Dells, WI[4363,8977]2521 1149 1817 481 595 How can I create a function to take the city name and return a list containing the latitude and longitude of the given city? fin = open ("miles.dat","r") def getCoordinates cities = [] for line in fin: cities.append(line.rstrip()) for word in line: print line.split() That's what I tried now; how could I get the coordinates of the city by calling the names of the city and how can I return the word of each line but not letters? Any help will be much appreciated, thanks all.

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• Self-referential ReferenceProperty in Google App Engine

  - by Ink-Jet

  I'm having a bit of trouble with ReferencePropertys in App Engine (Python). For a bit of fun, I'm trying to model a folder/file system, but having trouble getting folders to reference folders. My first attempt was this: class Folder(db.Model): id = db.StringProperty() name = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) folder = db.ReferenceProperty(Folder, collection_name="folders") But that fails as "Folder" isn't defined when "folder" is trying to be defined. I've also tried defining "folder" outside of the main declaration for "Folder", like so: class Folder(db.Model): id = db.StringProperty() name = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) Folder.folder = db.ReferenceProperty(Folder, collection_name="folders") But that fails with: AttributeError: 'Folder' object has no attribute 'folders' I'm kind of stumped. Does anyone have experience with this, or a solution to this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• My next programming Language

  - by Betamoo

  Currently I can program in: C#, C++, JAVA and PHP. The next summer, I intend to start learning a new language. Can you help me suggesting what must I start reading about? I heard about Perl, Python and Lisp.. but I do not know if any of them will worth more than what I already got in my other languages.. Also please mention how much your suggest language is demanded in career market.. I do not want to learn an obsolete language.. Thanks

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• Need to get the uploaded file to my local PC

  - by Suhail

  Hi, I have created a test form which will ask users to enter a name and upload the image file: <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Testing image upload</title> </head> <body> <form action="/services/upload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File Description: <input name='fdesc' type='text'><br> File name: <input type="file" name="fname"><br> <div><input type="submit"></div> </form> </body> </html> i need to get the file uploaded by the user and store it on my local PC. can this be done in python ? please let me know.

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• KeyError this says that key(partner) is not in dict ?

  - by Ansh Jain

  I am trying to make an chat application using python and django. I almost complete it and its working fine for 8-10 minutes when two persons are chatting after that certain time it shows an error. here is the traceback : - Traceback (most recent call last): File "\Django_chat\django_chat\chat\views.py", line 55, in receive message = chatSession.getMessage(request.session['partner'],request.session['uid'],afterTime) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\sessions\backends\base.py", line 47, in __getitem__ return self._session[key] KeyError: 'partner' here is the receive module :- def receive(request): message received by this user chatSession = chat() data = request.POST afterTime = data['lastMsgTime'] try: message = chatSession.getMessage(request.session['partner'],request.session['uid'],afterTime) except: #partnerId = virtual_users.objects.get(id=request.session['uid']).partner print('there is an error in receive request') traceback.print_exc(file=open("/myapp.log","a")) msg = serializers.serialize("json", message) return HttpResponse(msg) Please Help me :( thanks Ansh J

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• Binning into timeslots - Is there a better way than using list comp?

  - by flyingcrab

  I have a dataset of events (tweets to be specific) that I am trying to bin / discretize. The following code seems to work fine so far (assuming 100 bins): HOUR = timedelta(hours=1) start = datetime.datetime(2009,01,01) z = [dt + x*HOUR for x in xrange(1, 100)] But then, I came across this fateful line at python docs 'This makes possible an idiom for clustering a data series into n-length groups using zip(*[iter(s)]*n)'. The zip idiom does indeed work - but I can't understand how (what is the * operator for instance?). How could I use to make my code prettier? I'm guessing this means I should make a generator / iterable for time that yields the time in graduations of an HOUR?

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