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• Declare two classes from eachother.

  - by tumba25

  I'm writing a app in NetBeans. I have two classes MyApp_View and MyApp_Functions. The MyApp_View class starts like this public class MyApp_View extends FrameView { MyApp_Functions My_functions = new MyApp_Functions(); public MyApp_View(SingleFrameApplication app) { super(app); In MyApp_Functions I have MyApp_View my_view = new MyApp_View(null); I want to access the public variables in MyApp_View from MyApp_Functions and the public methods in functions from view, but have no success with this. Is this doable? And how?

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• Beginner having a problem with classes

  - by David

  I'm working through O'Reilly's "Learning Python" and having a problem with classes. I think I understand the concept, but in practice have stumbled upon this problem. Fron page 88-89: >>> class Worker: def __innit__(self, name, pay): self.name=name self.pay=pay def lastName(self): return self.name.split()[-1] def giveRaise(self, percent): self.pay*=(1.0+percent) Then the book says "Calling the class like a function generates instances of a new type ...etc" and gives this example. bob = Worker('Bob Smith', 50000) This gives me this error: TypeError: this constructor takes no arguments. And then I start muttering profanities. So what am I doing wrong here? Thanks for the help.

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• Java: Non-static nested classes and instance.super()

  - by Kiv

  I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around non-static nested classes in Java. Consider the following example, which prints "Inner" and then "Child". class Outer { class Inner { Inner() { System.out.println("Inner"); } } } public class Child extends Outer.Inner { Child(Outer o) { o.super(); System.out.println("Child"); } public static void main(String args[]) { new Child(new Outer()); } } I understand that instances of Inner always have to be associated with an Outer instance, and that that applies to Child too since it extends Inner. My question is what the o.super() syntax means - why does it call the Inner constructor? I've only seen a plain super(args) used to call the superclass constructor and super.method() to call the superclass version of an overridden method, but never something of the form instance.super().

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• AS3 Memory management when instantiating extended classes

  - by araid

  I'm developing an AS3 application which has some memory leaks I can't find, so I'd like to ask some newbie questions about memory management. Imagine I have a class named BaseClass, and some classes that extend this one, such as ClassA, ClassB, etc. I declare a variable: myBaseClass:BaseClass = new ClassA(); After a while, I use it to instantiate a new object: myBaseClass = new ClassB(); some time after myBaseClass = new ClassC(); and the same thing keeps happening every x millis, triggered by a timer. Is there any memory problem here? Are the unused instances correctly deleted by the garbage collector? Thanks!

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• Python New-style Classes and the Super Function

  - by sfjedi

  This is not the result I expect to see: class A(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self['args'] = args self['kwargs'] = kwargs class B(A): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(B, self).__init__(args, kwargs) print 'Instance A:', A('monkey', banana=True) #Instance A: {'args': ('monkey',), 'kwargs': {'banana': True}} print 'Instance B:', B('monkey', banana=True) #Instance B: {'args': (('monkey',), {'banana': True}), 'kwargs': {}} I'm just trying to get classes A and B to have consistent values set. I'm not sure why the kwargs are being inserted into the args, but I'm to presume I am either calling init() wrong from the subclass or I'm trying to do something that you just can't do. Any tips?

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• problems with extended classes and overwrite with methods

  - by Marco

  I have a .net website written in C# and will make functionalities that other developers can use. So i will make some default implementation and a developer can overwrite some methods Example: i have a class ShoppingCart and a class Product the class product haves a method getProductPrice the shoppingcart will call the method getProductPrice for calculating the total price of cart The Shoppingcart and Product are in the same project and i will give the developers the .dll so they can't change the source code so we can update the assembly later So they need to make a other project and extend the product class and overwrite the method getProductPrice so they can implement there own logic The problem is that the shoppingcart will not call the extended method but the original If we make already a extended project for the developers and the shoppingcart will call the extended method then we have a circular reference because the extended product needs a reference to product and the shopping cart to the extended product partial classes also don't works because we only can use partials within the same assembly anyone a suggestion ? thanks in advance

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• migrating C++ code from structures to classes

  - by eSKay

  I am migrating some C++ code from structures to classes. I was using structures mainly for bit-field optimizations which I do not need any more (I am more worried about speed than saving space now). What are the general guidelines for doing this migration? I am still in the planning stage as this is a very big move affecting a major part of the code. I want to plan everything first before doing it. What are all the essential things I should keep in mind?

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• Python many-to-one mapping (creating equivalence classes)

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, I have a project of converting one database to another. One of the original database columns defines the row's category. This coulmn should be mapepd to a new category in the new databse. For example, let's assume the original categories are:parrot, spam, cheese_shop, Cleese, Gilliam, Palin Now that's a little verbose for me, And I want to have these rows categorized as sketch, actor - That is, define all the sketches and all the actors as two equivalence classes. >>> monty={'parrot':'sketch', 'spam':'sketch', 'cheese_shop':'sketch', 'Cleese':'actor', 'Gilliam':'actor', 'Palin':'actor'} >>> monty {'Gilliam': 'actor', 'Cleese': 'actor', 'parrot': 'sketch', 'spam': 'sketch', 'Palin': 'actor', 'cheese_shop': 'sketch'} That's quite awkward- I would prefer having something like: monty={ ('parrot','spam','cheese_shop'): 'sketch', ('Cleese', 'Gilliam', 'Palin') : 'actors'} But this, of course, sets the entire tuple as a key: >>> monty['parrot'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#29>", line 1, in <module> monty['parrot'] KeyError: 'parrot' Any ideas how to create an elegant many-to-one dictionary in Python? Thanks, Adam

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• Obj-C: Passing pointers to initialized classes in other classes

  - by FnGreg7

  Hey all. I initialized a class in my singleton called DataModel. Now, from my UIViewController, when I click a button, I have a method that is trying to access that class so that I may add an object to one of its dictionaries. My get/set method passes back the pointer to the class from my singleton, but when I am back in my UIViewController, the class passed back doesn't respond to methods. It's like it's just not there. I think it has something to do with the difference in passing pointers around classes or something. I even tried using the copy method to throw a copy back, but no luck. UIViewController: ApplicationSingleton *applicationSingleton = [[ApplicationSingleton alloc] init]; DataModel *dataModel = [applicationSingleton getDataModel]; [dataModel retrieveDataCategory:dataCategory]; Singleton: ApplicationSingleton *m_instance; DataModel *m_dataModel; - (id) init { NSLog(@"ApplicationSingleton.m initialized."); self = [super init]; if(self != nil) { if(m_instance != nil) { return m_instance; } NSLog(@"Initializing the application singleton."); m_instance = self; m_dataModel = [[DataModel alloc] init]; } NSLog(@"ApplicationSingleton init method returning."); return m_instance; } -(DataModel *)getDataModel { DataModel *dataModel_COPY = [m_dataModel copy]; return dataModel_COPY; } For the getDataModel method, I also tried this: -(DataModel *)getDataModel { return m_dataModel; } In my DataModel retrieveDataCategory method, I couldn't get anything to work. I even just tried putting a NSLog in there but it never would come onto the console. Any ideas?

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• What are the steps to grouping related classes into packages

  - by user2368481

  I've been googling this for some time, but what I haven't found are the clear steps needed to be taken to group related classes into packages in Java. In my case, I have about a number of .java files that I'd like to group into 3 packages according to the MVC pattern. One package for Model classes, one package for View classes and one package for Controller classes. I've identified which belong in what package, but not sure of the next step.

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• What are the differences between abstract classes, interfaces, and when to use them

  - by user66662

  Recently I have started to wrap my head around OOP, and I am now to the point where the more I read about the differences between Abstract classes and Interfaces the more confused I become. So far, neither can be instantiated. Interfaces are more or less structural blueprints that determine the skeleton and abstracts are different by being able to partially develop code. I would like to learn more about these through my specific situation. Here is a link to my first question if you would like a little more background information: What is a good design model for my new class? Here are two classes I created: class Ad { $title; $description $price; function get_data($website){ } function validate_price(){ } } class calendar_event { $title; $description $start_date; function get_data($website){ //guts } function validate_dates(){ //guts } } So, as you can see these classes are almost identical. Not shown here, but there are other functions, like get_zip(), save_to_database() that are common across my classes. I have also added other classes Cars and Pets which have all the common methods and of course properties specific to those objects (mileage, weight, for example). Now I have violated the DRY principle and I am managing and changing the same code across multiple files. I intend on having more classes like boats, horses, or whatever. So is this where I would use an interface or abstract class? From what I understand about abstract classes I would use a super class as a template with all of the common elements built into the abstract class, and then add only the items specifically needed in future classes. For example: abstract class content { $title; $description function get_data($website){ } function common_function2() { } function common_function3() { } } class calendar_event extends content { $start_date; function validate_dates(){ } } Or would I use an interface and, because these are so similar, create a structure that each of the subclasses are forced to use for integrity reasons, and leave it up to the end developer who fleshes out that class to be responsible for each of the details of even the common functions. my thinking there is that some 'common' functions may need to be tweaked in the future for the needs of their specific class. Despite all that above, if you believe I am misunderstanding the what and why of abstracts and interfaces altogether, by all means let a valid answer to be stop thinking in this direction and suggest the proper way to move forward! Thanks!

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• Advice/suggestions for my first project PHP Classes

  - by Philip

  Hi guys, Any advice is welcome! I have a very limited understanding of php classes but below is my starting point for the route I would like to take. The code is a reflection of what I see in my head and how I would like to go about business. Does my code even look ok, or am I way off base? What are your thoughts, how would you go about achieving such a task as form-validate-insertquery-sendmail-return messages and errors? Please try and keep your answers simple enough for me to digest as for me its about understanding whats going on and not just a copy/paste job. Kindest regards, Phil. Note: This is a base structure only, no complete code added. <?php //======================================= //class.logging.php //======================================== class logging { public $data = array(); public $errors = array(); function __construct() { array_pop($_POST); $this->data =($this->_logging)? is_isset(filterStr($_POST) : ''; foreach($this->data as $key=> $value) { $this->data[$key] = $value; } //print_r($this->data); de-bugging } public function is_isset($str) { if(isset($str)) ? true: false; } public function filterStr($str) { return preg_match(do somthing, $str); } public function validate_post() { try { if(!is_numeric($data['cardID'])) ? throw new Exception('CardID must be numeric!') : continue; } catch (Exception $e) { return $errors = $e->getCode(); } } public function showErrors() { foreach($errors as $error => $err) { print('<div class="notok"></div><br />'); } } public function insertQ() { $query = ""; } } //======================================= //Usercp.php //======================================== if(isset($_GET['mode'])) { $mode = $_GET['mode']; } else { $mode = 'usercp'; } switch($mode) { case 'usercp': echo 'Welcome to the User Control Panel'; break; case 'logging': require_once 'class.logging.php'; $logger = new logging(); if(isset($_POST['submit']) { if($logger->validate_post === true) { $logger->insertQ(); require_once '/scripts/PHPMailer/class.phpmailer.php'; $mailer = new PHPMailer(); $mailer->PHPMailer(); } else { echo ''.$logger->showErrors.''; } } else { echo ' <form action="'.$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'].'?mode=logging" method="post"> </form> '; } break; case 'user_logout': // do somthing break; case 'user_settings': // do somthing break; ?>

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• Number of Classes in a Namespace - Code Smell?

  - by Tim Claason

  I have a C# library that's used by several executables. There's only a couple namespaces in the library, and I just noticed that one of the namespaces has quite a few classes in it. I've always avoided having too many classes in a single namespace because of categorization, and because subconsciously, I think it looks "prettier" to have a deeper hierarchy of namespaces. My question is: does anyone else consider it a "code smell" when a namespace has many classes - even if the classes relate to each other? Would you put in a lot of effort to find nuances in the classes that allows for subcategorization?

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• Should concrete classes avoid calling other concrete classes, except for data objects?

  - by Kazark

  In Appendix A to The Art of Unit Testing, Roy Osherove, speaking about ways to write testable code from the start, says, An abstract class shouldn't call concrete classes, and concerete classes shouldn't call concrete classes either, unless they're data objects (objects holding data, with no behavior). (259) The first half of the sentence is simply Dependency Inversion from SOLID. The second half seems rather extreme to me. That means that every time I'm going to write a class that isn't a simple data structure, which is most classes, I should write an interface or abstract class first, right? Is it really worthwhile to go that far in defining abstract classes an interfaces? Can anyone explain why in more detail, or refute it in spite of its benefit for testability?

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• WinForm partial classes

  - by nivlam

  I have a WinForm project that contains a form called MainUI. You can see that the automatically generated partial class shows up as a node under MainUI.cs. Is there a way to "move" my self created partial class MainUI.Other.cs under MainUI.cs so that it'll show as another node?

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• Python: combining making two scripts into one

  - by Alex

  I have two separately made python scripts one that makes a sine wave sound based off time, and another that produces a sine wave graph that is based off the same time factors. I need help combining them into one running file. Here's the first: from struct import pack from math import sin, pi import time def au_file(name, freq, freq1, dur, vol): fout = open(name, 'wb') # header needs size, encoding=2, sampling_rate=8000, channel=1 fout.write('.snd' + pack('>5L', 24, 8*dur, 2, 8000, 1)) factor = 2 * pi * freq/8000 factor1 = 2 * pi * freq1/8000 # write data for seg in range(8 * dur): # sine wave calculations sin_seg = sin(seg * factor) + sin(seg * factor1) fout.write(pack('b', vol * 64 * sin_seg)) fout.close() t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis * 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim * 100 if __name__ == '__main__': au_file(name='timeSound.au', freq=tim, freq1=tis, dur=1000, vol=1.0) import os os.startfile('timeSound.au') and the second is this: from Tkinter import * import math import time t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis / 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim / 100 root = Tk() root.title("This very moment") width = 400 height = 300 center = height//2 x_increment = 1 # width stretch x_factor1 = tis x_factor2 = tim # height stretch y_amplitude = 50 c = Canvas(width=width, height=height, bg='black') c.pack() str1 = "sin(x)=white" c.create_text(10, 20, anchor=SW, text=str1) center_line = c.create_line(0, center, width, center, fill='red') # create the coordinate list for the sin() curve, have to be integers xy1 = [] xy2 = [] for x in range(400): # x coordinates xy1.append(x * x_increment) xy2.append(x * x_increment) # y coordinates xy1.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor1) * y_amplitude) + center) xy2.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor2) * y_amplitude) + center) sinS_line = c.create_line(xy1, fill='white') sinM_line = c.create_line(xy2, fill='yellow') root.mainloop()

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• How to add CSS classes to Zend_Form_Element_Select option

  - by Jah Selassie

  Hi, I'm trying to add a CSS class to a Zend_Form_Element_Select option, but I just can't find a way to do it. The desired output would be something like this: <select name="hey" id="hey"> <option value="value1" style="parent">label1</option> <option value="value2" style="sibling">sublabel1</option> <option value="value3" style="sibling">sublabel2</option> <option value="value4" style="parent">label2</option> <option value="value5" style="sibling">sublabel3</option> <option value="value6" style="sibling">sublabel4</option> </select> But I'm getting this: <select name="hey" id="hey"> <option value="value1">label1</option> <option value="value2">sublabel1</option> <option value="value3">sublabel2</option> <option value="value4">label2</option> <option value="value5">sublabel3</option> <option value="value6">sublabel4</option> </select> I can't seem to pass a CSS class attribute to any of the options in the select element although I can style the select element itselft. My code: $sel = new Zend_Form_Element_Select('hey'); $sel->setRequired(true)->setLabel('Select an Option:'); $sel->addMultiOption('value1', 'label1', array('class' => 'parent')) ->addMultiOption('value2', 'sublabel1', array('class' => 'sibling')) (etc...); After researching a bit I found out that Element_Select doesn't have a method for adding CSS styles to the options in the select box, only for the select itself. So, how can I add them? Should I extend the form_element_select? Or would a custom decorator suffice? Can anyone give me a hint? I'm baffled with this. Thanks in advance!

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• Slider value available between different cocoa classes

  - by Miguel Bayona

  I am playing around with an iPhone app, and need to accomplish something that I am sure is very basic: I have a slider that is implemented in a Controller.m class. However, I need its value must be available in a different class, MainView.m class where I have defined an equation that depends on the value of the slider. How can I do it?? Thanks, Miguel Bayona

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• Mingling C++ classes with Objective C classes

  - by Joey

  I am using the iphone SDK and coding primarily in C++ while using parts of the SDK in obj-c. Is it possible to designate a C++ class in situations where an obj-c class is needed? For instance: 1) when setting delegates to obj-c objects. I cannot make a C++ class derive from a Delegate protocol so this and possibly other reasons prevent me from making my C++ class a delegate for various obj-c objects. What I do as a solution is create an obj-c adapter class that contains a ptr to the C++ class and is used as the delegate (notifying the C++ class when it is called). It feels cumbersome to write these every time I need to get delegate notifications to a C++ class. 2) when setting selectors This goes hand in hand with item 1. Say I want to set a callback to fire when something is done, like a button press or a setAnimationDidStopSelector in the UIView animation functionality. It would be nice to be able to designate a C++ function along with the relevant delegate for setAnimationDelegate. Well, I suspect this isn't readily possible, but if anyone has any suggestions on how to do it if it is, or on how to write such things more easily, I would love to hear them. Thanks.

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• What are guard methods/classes?

  - by Paul Sasik

  i just noticed the guard method/class mentioned in this question and i don't really get the concept from the answers. And alas, Jon Skeet's link to an MS site never loaded. A few quick Google searches seemed to yield only products, not software engineering concepts. Any explanation and/or samples would be appreciated. (Especially from the .Net side of things.)

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• C++ Beginner - Trouble using classes inside of classes

  - by Francisco P.

  Hello, I am working on a college project, where I have to implement a simple Scrabble game. I have a player class (containing a Score and the player's hand, in the form of a std::string, and a score class (containing a name and numeric (int) score). One of Player's member-functions is Score getScore(), which returns a Score object for that player. However, I get the following error on compile time: player.h(27) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'getScore' player.h(27) : error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int player.h(27) : error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int player.h(27) : warning C4183: 'getScore': missing return type; assumed to be a member function returning 'int' player.h(35) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier '_score' player.h(35) : error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int player.h(35) : error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Here's lines 27 and 35, respectively: Score getScore(); //defined as public (...) Score _score; //defined as private I get that the compiler is having trouble recognizing Score as a valid type... But why? I have correctly included Score.h at the beginning of player.h: #include "Score.h" #include "Deck.h" #include <string> I have a default constructor for Score defined in Score.h: Score(); //score.h //score.cpp Score::Score() { _name = ""; _points = 0; } Any input would be appreciated! Thanks for your time, Francisco EDIT: As requested, score.h and player.h: http://pastebin.com/3JzXP36i http://pastebin.com/y7sGVZ4A

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• Changing classes on multiple divs when selecting specific radio buttons

  - by Rob

  Hey everyone I got a javascript problem I can't seem to find a specific solution for on the web. What I want to be able to do is select one of the radio buttons and have that change the class of #home-right to either .rackmount or .shipping and add the class of .displaynone to the type of dimensions I don't want shown. <div id="home-right" class="rackmount"> <h4 class="helvneuebcn">Case Finder</h4> <div class="cta-options"> <input type="radio" value="Shipping and Storage" name="" checked> Shipping and Storage<br/> <input type="radio" value="Rackmount Enclosures" name=""> Rackmount Enclosures<br/> </div> <div class="shipping-dimensions displaynone"> <div class="dimensions"><input type="text" class="size"><span class="helvneuemd">H x </span></div> <div class="dimensions"><input type="text" class="size"><span class="helvneuemd">W x </span></div> <div class="dimensions"><input type="text" class="size"><span class="helvneuemd">L</span></div> </div> <div class="rackmount-dimensions"> <div class="dimensions"><input type="text" class="size"><span class="helvneuemd">U Height x </span></div> <div class="dimensions"><input type="text" class="size"><span class="helvneuemd">Rack Depth</span></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <input type="button" value="Submit" class="findcase"> </div>

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• Wordpress sidebar classes

  - by Chris J. Lee

  There any way i could add a class for the specific order of widget item? i.e. the class name would be widgetorder-1 (for the first appearing widget), widgetorder-2 (for the widget appearing in the 2nd order), etc. I looked into filters but wasn't sure how that worked.

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• Delphi, VirtualStringTree - classes (objects) instead of records

  - by michal

  I need to use a class instead of record for VirtualStringTree node. Should I declare it standard (but in this case - tricky) way like that: PNode = ^TNode; TNode = record obj: TMyObject; end; //.. var fNd: PNode; begin fNd:= vstTree.getNodeData(vstTree.AddChild(nil)); fNd.obj:= TMyObject.Create; //.. or should I use directly TMyObject? If so - how?! How about assigning (constructing) the object and freeing it? Thanks in advance m.

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• Multiple classes in Codeigniter

  - by Leon

  I want to create an array of objects, so what I did was to create a library but I can't figure out how to actually dynamically create instances of it in a loop and store each instance in an array. Can anyone tell me please?

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