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  • Design pattern for an ASP.NET project using Entity Framework

    - by MPelletier
    I'm building a website in ASP.NET (Web Forms) on top of an engine with business rules (which basically resides in a separate DLL), connected to a database mapped with Entity Framework (in a 3rd, separate project). I designed the Engine first, which has an Entity Framework context, and then went on to work on the website, which presents various reports. I believe I made a terrible design mistake in that the website has its own context (which sounded normal at first). I present this mockup of the engine and a report page's code behind: Engine (in separate DLL): public Engine { DatabaseEntities _engineContext; public Engine() { // Connection string and procedure managed in DB layer _engineContext = DatabaseEntities.Connect(); } public ChangeSomeEntity(SomeEntity someEntity, int newValue) { //Suppose there's some validation too, non trivial stuff SomeEntity.Value = newValue; _engineContext.SaveChanges(); } } And report: public partial class MyReport : Page { Engine _engine; DatabaseEntities _webpageContext; public MyReport() { _engine = new Engine(); _databaseContext = DatabaseEntities.Connect(); } public void ChangeSomeEntityButton_Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e) { SomeEntity someEntity; //Wrong way: //Get the entity from the webpage context someEntity = _webpageContext.SomeEntities.Single(s => s.Id == SomeEntityId); //Send the entity from _webpageContext to the engine _engine.ChangeSomeEntity(someEntity, SomeEntityNewValue); // <- oops, conflict of context //Right(?) way: //Get the entity from the engine context someEntity = _engine.GetSomeEntity(SomeEntityId); //undefined above //Send the entity from the engine's context to the engine _engine.ChangeSomeEntity(someEntity, SomeEntityNewValue); // <- oops, conflict of context } } Because the webpage has its own context, giving the Engine an entity from a different context will cause an error. I happen to know not to do that, to only give the Engine entities from its own context. But this is a very error-prone design. I see the error of my ways now. I just don't know the right path. I'm considering: Creating the connection in the Engine and passing it off to the webpage. Always instantiate an Engine, make its context accessible from a property, sharing it. Possible problems: other conflicts? Slow? Concurrency issues if I want to expand to AJAX? Creating the connection from the webpage and passing it off to the Engine (I believe that's dependency injection?) Only talking through ID's. Creates redundancy, not always practical, sounds archaic. But at the same time, I already recuperate stuff from the page as ID's that I need to fetch anyways. What would be best compromise here for safety, ease-of-use and understanding, stability, and speed?

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  • Using multiple diagrams per model in Entity Framework 5.0

    - by nikolaosk
    I have downloaded .Net framework 4.5 and Visual Studio 2012 since it was released to MSDN subscribers on the 15th of August.For people that do not know about that yet please have a look at Jason Zander's excellent blog post .Since then I have been investigating the many new features that have been introduced in this release.In this post I will be looking into theIn order to follow along this post you must have Visual Studio 2012 and .Net Framework 4.5 installed in your machine.Download and install VS 20120 using this link.My machine runs on Windows 8 and Visual Studio 2012 works just fine. I have also installed in my machine SQL Server 2012 developer edition. I have also downloaded and installed AdventureWorksLT2012 database.You can download this database from the codeplex website.   Before I start showcasing the demo I want to say that I strongly believe that Entity Framework is maturing really fast and now at version 5.0 can be used as your data access layer in all your .Net projects.I have posted extensively about Entity Framework in my blog.Please find all the EF related posts here. In this demo I will show you how to split an entity model into multiple diagrams using the new enhanced EF designer. We will not build an application in this demo.Sometimes our model can become too large to edit or view.In earlier versions we could only have one diagram per EDMX file.In EF 5.0 we can split the model into more diagrams.1) Launch VS 2012. Express edition will work fine.2) Create a New Project. From the available templates choose a Web Forms application  3) Add a new item in your project, an ADO.Net Entity Data Model. I have named it AdventureWorksLT.edmx.Then we will create the model from the database and click Next.Create a new connection by specifying the SQL Server instance and the database name and click OK.Then click Next in the wizard.In the next screen of the wizard select all the tables from the database and hit Finish.4) It will take a while for our .edmx diagram to be created. When I select an Entity (e.g Customer) from my diagram and right click on it,a new option appears "Move to new Diagram".Make sure you have the Model Browser window open.Have a look at the picture below 5) When we do that a new diagram is created and our new Entity is moved there.Have a look at the picture below  6) We can also right-click and include the related entities. Have a look at the picture below. 7) When we do that the related entities are copied to the new diagram.Have a look at the picture below  8) Now we can cut (CTRL+X) the entities from Diagram2 and paste them back to Diagram1.9) Finally another great enhancement of the EF 5.0 designer is that you can change colors in the various entities that make up the model.Select the entities you want to change color, then in the Properties window choose the color of your choice. Have a look at the picture below. To recap we have demonstrated how to split your entity model in multiple diagrams which comes handy in EF models that have a large number of entities in them Hope it helps!!!!

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  • Implementing features in an Entity System

    - by Bane
    After asking two questions on Entity Systems (1, 2), and reading some articles on them, I think that I understand them much better than before. But, I still have some uncertainties, and mainly they are about building a Particle Emitter, an Input system, and a Camera. I obviously still have some problems understanding Entity Systems, and they might apply to a whole other range of objects, but I chose these three because they are very different concepts and should cover a pretty big ground, and help me understand Entity Systems and how to handle problems like these myself, as they come along. I am building an engine in Javascript, and I've implemented most of the core features, which include: input handling, flexible animation system, particle emitter, math classes and functions, scene handling, a camera and a render, and a whole bunch of other things that engines usually support. Then, I read Byte56's answer that got me interested into making the engine into an Entity System one. It would still remain an HTML5 game engine with the basic Scene philosophy, but it should support dynamic creation of entities from components. These are some of the definitions from the previous questions, updated: An Entity is an identifier. It doesn't have any data, it's not an object, it's a simple id that represents an index in the Scene's list of all entities (which I actually plan to implement as a component matrix). A Component is a data holder, but with methods that can operate on that data. The best example is a Vector2D, or a "Position" component. It has data: x and y, but also some methods that make operating on the data a bit easier: add(), normalize(), and so on. A System is something that can operate on a set of entities that meet the certain requirements, usually they (the entities) need to have a specified (by the system itself) set of components to be operated upon. The system is the "logic" part, the "algorithm" part, all the functionality supplied by components is purely for easier data management. The problem that I have now is fitting my old engine concept into this new programming paradigm. Lets start with the simplest one, a Camera. The camera has a position property (Vector2D), a rotation property and some methods for centering it around a point. Each frame, it is fed to a renderer, along with a scene, and all the objects are translated according to it's position. Then the scene is rendered. How could I represent this kind of an object in an Entity System? Would the camera be an entity or simply a component? A combination (see my answer)? Another issues that is bothering me is implementing a Particle Emitter. For what exactly I mean by that, you can check out my video of it: http://youtu.be/BObargIMQsE. The problem I have with this is, again, what should be what. I'm pretty sure that particles themselves shouldn't be entities, as I want to support 10k+ of them, and creating that much entities would be a heavy blow on my performance, I believe. Or maybe not? Depends on the implementation, but anyone with experience: please, do answer. The last bit I wan't to talk about, which is also bugging me the most, is how input should be handled. In my current version of the engine, there is a class called Input. It's a handler that subscribes to browser's events, such as keypresses, and mouse position changes, and also it maintains an internal state. Then, the player class has a react() method, which accepts an input object as an argument. The advantage of this is that the input object could be serialized into JSON and then shared over the network, allowing for smooth multiplayer simulations. But how does this translate into an Entity System?

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  • Efficiently separating Read/Compute/Write steps for concurrent processing of entities in Entity/Component systems

    - by TravisG
    Setup I have an entity-component architecture where Entities can have a set of attributes (which are pure data with no behavior) and there exist systems that run the entity logic which act on that data. Essentially, in somewhat pseudo-code: Entity { id; map<id_type, Attribute> attributes; } System { update(); vector<Entity> entities; } A system that just moves along all entities at a constant rate might be MovementSystem extends System { update() { for each entity in entities position = entity.attributes["position"]; position += vec3(1,1,1); } } Essentially, I'm trying to parallelise update() as efficiently as possible. This can be done by running entire systems in parallel, or by giving each update() of one system a couple of components so different threads can execute the update of the same system, but for a different subset of entities registered with that system. Problem In reality, these systems sometimes require that entities interact(/read/write data from/to) each other, sometimes within the same system (e.g. an AI system that reads state from other entities surrounding the current processed entity), but sometimes between different systems that depend on each other (i.e. a movement system that requires data from a system that processes user input). Now, when trying to parallelize the update phases of entity/component systems, the phases in which data (components/attributes) from Entities are read and used to compute something, and the phase where the modified data is written back to entities need to be separated in order to avoid data races. Otherwise the only way (not taking into account just "critical section"ing everything) to avoid them is to serialize parts of the update process that depend on other parts. This seems ugly. To me it would seem more elegant to be able to (ideally) have all processing running in parallel, where a system may read data from all entities as it wishes, but doesn't write modifications to that data back until some later point. The fact that this is even possible is based on the assumption that modification write-backs are usually very small in complexity, and don't require much performance, whereas computations are very expensive (relatively). So the overhead added by a delayed-write phase might be evened out by more efficient updating of entities (by having threads work more % of the time instead of waiting). A concrete example of this might be a system that updates physics. The system needs to both read and write a lot of data to and from entities. Optimally, there would be a system in place where all available threads update a subset of all entities registered with the physics system. In the case of the physics system this isn't trivially possible because of race conditions. So without a workaround, we would have to find other systems to run in parallel (which don't modify the same data as the physics system), other wise the remaining threads are waiting and wasting time. However, that has disadvantages Practically, the L3 cache is pretty much always better utilized when updating a large system with multiple threads, as opposed to multiple systems at once, which all act on different sets of data. Finding and assembling other systems to run in parallel can be extremely time consuming to design well enough to optimize performance. Sometimes, it might even not be possible at all because a system just depends on data that is touched by all other systems. Solution? In my thinking, a possible solution would be a system where reading/updating and writing of data is separated, so that in one expensive phase, systems only read data and compute what they need to compute, and then in a separate, performance-wise cheap, write phase, attributes of entities that needed to be modified are finally written back to the entities. The Question How might such a system be implemented to achieve optimal performance, as well as making programmer life easier? What are the implementation details of such a system and what might have to be changed in the existing EC-architecture to accommodate this solution?

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  • ANY way to consolidate this code?

    - by JM4
    I am building a PHP registration form which takes the following fields for up to 20 athletes: First Name Middle Initial Last Name Federation Number Address City State Zip DOB SSN Phone Email I am only through 7 of the fields for each fighter and my php file is very large (over 40kb). Is there ANY way to consolidate this code at all? I am also having to validate the information on each field (as I said - 20 athletes x 12 fields = 240 validations on a single page). If I can send any further code let me know! <form id="Form" action="<?php $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" method="post" name="Form" onsubmit="return Enroll_Form_Validator(this)"> <p class="title">Your Fighters' Information</p> <p>Please complete the following fields with your <span style="color:red;"> Fighters' Information</span> to continue your enrollment.</p> <br /> <?php // if $errors is not empty, the form must have failed one or more validation // tests. Loop through each and display them on the page for the user if (!empty($errors)) { echo "<div class='error'>Please fix the following errors:\n<ul>"; foreach ($errors as $error) echo "<li>$error</li>\n"; echo "</ul></div>"; } ?> <?php if ($_SESSION['Num_Fighters'] > "0") { ?> <table class="demoTable"> <tr> <td>First Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1FirstName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1FirstName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Middle Initial: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1MI" size="2" maxlength="1" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1MI']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Last Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1LastName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1LastName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Federation No: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1FedNum" maxlength="10" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1FedNum']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSN: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1SSN1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1SSN1']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F1SSN2" size="2" maxlength="2" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1SSN2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F1SSN3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1SSN3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date of Birth</td> <td> <select name="F1DOB1"> <option value="">Month</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=12; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F1DOB1"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F1DOB2"> <option value="">Day</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=31; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F1DOB2"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F1DOB3"> <option value="">Year</option> <?php for ($i=date('Y'); $i>=1900; $i--) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F1DOB3"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Address: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1Address" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Address']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>City: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1City" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1City']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>State: </td> <td><select name="F1State"><option value="">Choose a State</option><?php showOptionsDrop($states_arr, null, true); ?></select></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zip Code: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F1Zip" size="6" maxlength="5" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Zip']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contact Telephone No: </td> <td>( <input type="text" name="F1Phone1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Phone1']; ?>" /> ) <input type="text" name="F1Phone2" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Phone2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F1Phone3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Phone3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Email:</td> <td><input type="text" name="F1Email" value="<?php echo $fields['F1Email']; ?>" /></td> </tr> </table> <?php } ?> <br /> <?php if ($_SESSION['Num_Fighters'] > "1") { ?> <table class="demoTable"> <tr> <td>First Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2FirstName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2FirstName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Middle Initial: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2MI" size="2" maxlength="1" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2MI']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Last Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2LastName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2LastName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Federation No: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2FedNum" maxlength="10" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2FedNum']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSN: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2SSN1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2SSN1']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F2SSN2" size="2" maxlength="2" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2SSN2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F2SSN3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2SSN3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date of Birth</td> <td> <select name="F2DOB1"> <option value="">Month</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=12; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F2DOB1"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F2DOB2"> <option value="">Day</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=31; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F2DOB2"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F2DOB3"> <option value="">Year</option> <?php for ($i=date('Y'); $i>=1900; $i--) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F2DOB3"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Address: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2Address" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Address']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>City: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2City" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2City']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>State: </td> <td><select name="F2State"><option value="">Choose a State</option><?php showOptionsDrop($states_arr, null, true); ?></select></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zip Code: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F2Zip" size="6" maxlength="5" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Zip']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contact Telephone No: </td> <td>( <input type="text" name="F2Phone1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Phone1']; ?>" /> ) <input type="text" name="F2Phone2" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Phone2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F2Phone3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Phone3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Email:</td> <td><input type="text" name="F2Email" value="<?php echo $fields['F2Email']; ?>" /></td> </tr> </table> <?php } ?> <br /> <?php if ($_SESSION['Num_Fighters'] > "2") { ?> <table class="demoTable"> <tr> <td>First Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3FirstName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3FirstName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Middle Initial: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3MI" size="2" maxlength="1" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3MI']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Last Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3LastName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3LastName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Federation No: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3FedNum" maxlength="10" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3FedNum']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSN: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3SSN1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3SSN1']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F3SSN2" size="2" maxlength="2" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3SSN2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F3SSN3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3SSN3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date of Birth</td> <td> <select name="F3DOB1"> <option value="">Month</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=12; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F3DOB1"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F3DOB2"> <option value="">Day</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=31; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F3DOB2"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F3DOB3"> <option value="">Year</option> <?php for ($i=date('Y'); $i>=1900; $i--) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F3DOB3"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Address: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3Address" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Address']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>City: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3City" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3City']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>State: </td> <td><select name="F3State"><option value="">Choose a State</option><?php showOptionsDrop($states_arr, null, true); ?></select></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zip Code: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F3Zip" size="6" maxlength="5" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Zip']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contact Telephone No: </td> <td>( <input type="text" name="F3Phone1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Phone1']; ?>" /> ) <input type="text" name="F3Phone2" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Phone2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F3Phone3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Phone3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Email:</td> <td><input type="text" name="F3Email" value="<?php echo $fields['F3Email']; ?>" /></td> </tr> </table> <?php } ?> <br /> <?php if ($_SESSION['Num_Fighters'] > "3") { ?> <table class="demoTable"> <tr> <td>First Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4FirstName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4FirstName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Middle Initial: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4MI" size="2" maxlength="1" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4MI']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Last Name: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4LastName" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4LastName']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Federation No: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4FedNum" maxlength="10" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4FedNum']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSN: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4SSN1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4SSN1']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F4SSN2" size="2" maxlength="2" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4SSN2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F4SSN3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4SSN3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date of Birth</td> <td> <select name="F4DOB1"> <option value="">Month</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=12; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F4DOB1"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F4DOB2"> <option value="">Day</option> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=31; $i++) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F4DOB2"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> / <select name="F4DOB3"> <option value="">Year</option> <?php for ($i=date('Y'); $i>=1900; $i--) { echo "<option value='$i'"; if ($fields["F4DOB3"] == $i) echo " selected"; echo ">$i</option>"; } ?> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Address: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4Address" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Address']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>City: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4City" onkeyup="if(!this.value.match(/^([a-z]+\s?)*$/i))this.value=this.value.replace(/[^a-z ]/ig,'').replace(/\s+/g,' ')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4City']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>State: </td> <td><select name="F4State"><option value="">Choose a State</option><?php showOptionsDrop($states_arr, null, true); ?></select></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zip Code: </td> <td><input type="text" name="F4Zip" size="6" maxlength="5" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Zip']; ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contact Telephone No: </td> <td>( <input type="text" name="F4Phone1" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Phone1']; ?>" /> ) <input type="text" name="F4Phone2" size="3" maxlength="3" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Phone2']; ?>" /> - <input type="text" name="F4Phone3" size="4" maxlength="4" onkeyup="this.value=this.value.replace(/[^0-9]/ig, '')" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Phone3']; ?>" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Email:</td> <td><input type="text" name="F4Email" value="<?php echo $fields['F4Email']; ?>" /></td> </tr> </table> <?php } ?> <div align="right"><input class="enrbutton" type="submit" name="submit" value="Continue" /></div> </form> This only goes through 4 athletes and I need it to capture 20. Any ideas? I am forced to keep all 200+ elements in SESSION assuming somebody enrolls 20 athletes.

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  • Generically correcting data before save with Entity Framework

    - by koevoeter
    Been working with Entity Framework (.NET 4.0) for a week now for a data migration job and needed some code that generically corrects string values in the database. You probably also have seen things like empty strings instead of NULL or non-trimmed texts ("United States       ") in "old" databases, and you don't want to apply a correcting function on every column you migrate. Here's how I've done this (extending the partial class of my ObjectContext):public partial class MyDatacontext{    partial void OnContextCreated()    {        SavingChanges += OnSavingChanges;    }     private void OnSavingChanges(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        foreach (var entity in GetPersistingEntities(sender))        {            foreach (var propertyInfo in GetStringProperties(entity))            {                var value = (string)propertyInfo.GetValue(entity, null);                 if (value == null)                {                    continue;                }                 if (value.Trim().Length == 0 && IsNullable(propertyInfo))                {                    propertyInfo.SetValue(entity, null, null);                }                else if (value != value.Trim())                {                    propertyInfo.SetValue(entity, value.Trim(), null);                }            }        }    }     private IEnumerable<object> GetPersistingEntities(object sender)    {        return ((ObjectContext)sender).ObjectStateManager            .GetObjectStateEntries(EntityState.Added | EntityState.Modified)             .Select(e => e.Entity);    }    private IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> GetStringProperties(object entity)    {        return entity.GetType().GetProperties()            .Where(pi => pi.PropertyType == typeof(string));    }    private bool IsNullable(PropertyInfo propertyInfo)    {        return ((EdmScalarPropertyAttribute)propertyInfo             .GetCustomAttributes(typeof(EdmScalarPropertyAttribute), false)            .Single()).IsNullable;    }}   Obviously you can use similar code for other generic corrections.

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  • Entity Framework v1 &hellip; Brief Synopsis and Tips &ndash; Part 2

    - by Rohit Gupta
    Using Entity Framework with ASMX Web sErvices and WCF Web Service: If you use ASMX WebService to expose Entity objects from Entity Framework... then the ASMX Webservice does not  include object graphs, one work around is to use Facade pattern or to use WCF Service. The other important aspect of using ASMX Web Services along with Entity Framework is that the ASMX Client is not aware of the existence of EF v1 since the client solely deals with C# objects (not EntityObjects or ObjectContext). Since the client is not aware of the ObjectContext hence the client cannot participate in change tracking since the client only receives the Current Values and not the Orginal values when the service sends the the Entity objects to the client. Thus there are 2 drawbacks to using EntityFramework with ASMX Web Service: 1. Object state is not maintained... so to overcome this limitation we need insert/update single entity at a time and retrieve the original values for the entity being updated on the server/service end before calling Save Changes. 2. ASMX does not maintain object graphs... i.e. Customer.Reservations or Customer.Reservations.Trip relationships are not maintained. Thus you need to send these relationships separately from service to client. WCF Web Service overcomes the object graph limitation of ASMX Web Service, but we need to insure that we are populating all the non-null scalar properties of all the objects in the object graph before calling Update. WCF Web service still cannot overcome the second limitation of tracking changes to entities at the client end. Also note that the "Customer" class in the Client is very different from the "Customer" class in the Entity Framework Model Entities. They are incompatible with each other hence we cannot cast one to the other. However the .NET Framework translates the client "Customer" Entity to the EFv1 Model "customer" Entity once the entity is serialzed back on the ASMX server end. If you need change tracking enabled on the client then we need to use WCF Data Services which is available with VS 2010. ====================================================================================================== In WCF when adding an object that has relationships, the framework assumes that every object in the object graph needs to be added to store. for e.g. in a Customer.Reservations.Trip object graph, when a Customer Entity is added to the store, the EFv1 assumes that it needs to a add a Reservations collection and also Trips for each Reservation. Thus if we need to use existing Trips for reservations then we need to insure that we null out the Trip object reference from Reservations and set the TripReference to the EntityKey of the desired Trip instead. ====================================================================================================== Understanding Relationships and Associations in EFv1 The Golden Rule of EF is that it does not load entities/relationships unless you ask it to explicitly do so. However there is 1 exception to this rule. This exception happens when you attach/detach entities from the ObjectContext. If you detach an Entity in a ObjectGraph from the ObjectContext, then the ObjectContext removes the ObjectStateEntry for this Entity and all the relationship Objects associated with this Entity. For e.g. in a Customer.Order.OrderDetails if the Customer Entity is detached from the ObjectContext then you cannot traverse to the Order and OrderDetails Entities (that still exist in the ObjectContext) from the Customer Entity(which does not exist in the Object Context) Conversely, if you JOIN a entity that is not in the ObjectContext with a Entity that is in the ObjContext then the First Entity will automatically be added to the ObjContext since relationships for the 2 Entities need to exist in the ObjContext. ========================================================= You cannot attach an EntityCollection to an entity through its navigation property for e.g. you cannot code myContact.Addresses = myAddressEntityCollection ========================================================== Cascade Deletes in EDM: The Designer does not support specifying cascase deletes for a Entity. To enable cascasde deletes on a Entity in EDM use the Association definition in CSDL for the Entity. for e.g. SalesOrderDetail (SOD) has a Foreign Key relationship with SalesOrderHeader (SalesOrderHeader 1 : SalesOrderDetail *) if you specify a cascade Delete on SalesOrderHeader Entity then calling deleteObject on SalesOrderHeader (SOH) Entity will send delete commands for SOH record and all the SOD records that reference the SOH record. ========================================================== As a good design practise, if you use Cascade Deletes insure that Cascade delete facet is used both in the EDM as well as in the database. Even though it is not absolutely mandatory to have Cascade deletes on both Database and EDM (since you can see that just the Cascade delete spec on the SOH Entity in EDM will insure that SOH record and all related SOD records will be deleted from the database ... even though you dont have cascade delete configured in the database in the SOD table) ============================================================== Maintaining relationships in Code When Setting a Navigation property of a Entity (for e.g. setting the Contact Navigation property of Address Entity) the following rules apply : If both objects are detached, no relationship object will be created. You are simply setting a property the CLR way. If both objects are attached, a relationship object will be created. If only one of the objects is attached, the other will become attached and a relationship object will be created. If that detached object is new, when it is attached to the context its EntityState will be Added. One important rule to remember regarding synchronizing the EntityReference.Value and EntityReference.EntityKey properties is that when attaching an Entity which has a EntityReference (e.g. Address Entity with ContactReference) the Value property will take precedence and if the Value and EntityKey are out of sync, the EntityKey will be updated to match the Value. ====================================================== If you call .Load() method on a detached Entity then the .Load() operation will throw an exception. There is one exception to this rule. If you load entities using MergeOption.NoTracking, you will be able to call .Load() on such entities since these Entities are accessible by the ObjectContext. So the bottomline is that we need Objectontext to be able to call .Load() method to do deffered loading on EntityReference or EntityCollection. Another rule to remember is that you cannot call .Load() on entities that have a EntityState.Added State since the ObjectContext uses the EntityKey of the Primary (Parent) Entity when loading the related (Child) Entity (and not the EntityKey of the child (even if the EntityKey of the child is present before calling .Load()) ====================================================== You can use ObjContext.Add() to add a entity to the ObjContext and set the EntityState of the new Entity to EntityState.Added. here no relationships are added/updated. You can also use EntityCollection.Add() method to add an entity to another entity's related EntityCollection for e.g. contact has a Addresses EntityCollection so to add a new address use contact.Addresses.Add(newAddress) to add a new address to the Addresses EntityCollection. Note that if the entity does not already exist in the ObjectContext then calling contact.Addresses.Add(myAddress) will cause a new Address Entity to be added to the ObjContext with EntityState.Added and it will also add a RelationshipEntry (a relationship object) with EntityState.Added which connects the Contact (contact) with the new address newAddress. Note that if the entity already exists in the Objectcontext (being part theOtherContact.Addresses Collection), then calling contact.Addresses.Add(existingAddress) will add 2 RelationshipEntry objects to the ObjectStateEntry Collection, one with EntityState.Deleted and the other with EntityState.Added. This implies that the existingAddress Entity is removed from the theOtherContact.Addresses Collection and Added to the contact.Addresses Collection..effectively reassigning the address entity from the theOtherContact to "contact". This is called moving an existing entity to a new object graph. ====================================================== You usually use ObjectContext.Attach() and EntityCollection.Attach() methods usually when you need to reconstruct the ObjectGraph after deserializing the objects as received from a ASMX Web Service Client. Attach is usually used to connect existing Entities in the ObjectContext. When EntityCollection.Attach() is called the EntityState of the RelationshipEntry (the relationship object) remains as EntityState.unchanged whereas when EntityCollection.Add() method is called the EntityState of the relationship object changes to EntityState.Added or EntityState.Deleted as the situation demands. ========================================================= LINQ To Entities Tips: Select Many does Inner Join by default.   for e.g. from c in Contact from a in c.Address select c ... this will do a Inner Join between the Contacts and Addresses Table and return only those Contacts that have a Address. ======================================================== Group Joins Do LEFT Join by default. e.g. from a in Address join c in Contact ON a.Contact.ContactID == c.ContactID Into g WHERE a.CountryRegion == "US" select g; This query will do a left join on the Contact table and return contacts that have a address in "US" region The following query : from c in Contact join a in Address.Where(a1 => a1.CountryRegion == "US") on c.ContactID  equals a.Contact.ContactID into addresses select new {c, addresses} will do a left join on the Address table and return All Contacts. In these Contacts only those will have its Address EntityCollection Populated which have a Address in the "US" region, the other contacts will have 0 Addresses in the Address collection (even if addresses for those contacts exist in the database but are in a different region) ======================================================== Linq to Entities does not support DefaultIfEmpty().... instead use .Include("Address") Query Builder method to do a Left JOIN or use Group Joins if you need more control like Filtering on the Address EntityCollection of Contact Entity =================================================================== Use CreateSourceQuery() on the EntityReference or EntityCollection if you need to add filters during deferred loading of Entities (Deferred loading in EFv1 happens when you call Load() method on the EntityReference or EntityCollection. for e.g. var cust=context.Contacts.OfType<Customer>().First(); var sq = cust.Reservations.CreateSourceQuery().Where(r => r.ReservationDate > new DateTime(2008,1,1)); cust.Reservations.Attach(sq); This populates only those reservations that are older than Jan 1 2008. This is the only way (in EFv1) to Attach a Range of Entities to a EntityCollection using the Attach() method ================================================================== If you need to get the Foreign Key value for a entity e.g. to get the ContactID value from a Address Entity use this :                                address.ContactReference.EntityKey.EntityKeyValues.Where(k=> k.Key == "ContactID")

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  • Entity Framework 4 CTP 5 POCO - Many-to-many configuration, insertion, and update?

    - by Saxman
    I really need someone to help me to fully understand how to do many-to-many relationship with Entity Framework 4 CTP 5, POCO. I need to understand 3 concepts: How to config my model to indicates some tables are many-to-many. How to properly do insert. How to properly do update. Here are my current models: public class MusicSheet { [Key] public int ID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Key { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Author> Authors { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Tag> Tags { get; set; } } public class Author { [Key] public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Bio { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<MusicSheet> MusicSheets { get; set; } } public class Tag { [Key] public int ID { get; set; } public string TagName { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<MusicSheet> MusicSheets { get; set; } } As you can see, the MusicSheet can have many Authors or Tags, and an Author or Tag can have multiple MusicSheets. Again, my questions are: What to do on the EntityTypeConfiguration to set the relationship between them as well as mapping to an table/object that associates with the many-to-many relationship. How to insert a new music sheets (where it might have multiple authors or multiple tags). How to update a music sheet. For example, I might set TagA, TagB to MusicSheet1, but later I need to change the tags to TagA and TagC. It seems like I need to first check to see if the tags already exists, if not, insert the new tag and then associate it with the music sheet (so that I doesn't re-insert TagA?). Or this is something already handled by the framework? Thank you very much. I really hope to fully understand it rather than just doing it without fully understand what's going on. Especially on #3.

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  • Entity Framework 4 Entity with EntityState of Unchanged firing update

    - by Andy
    I am using EF 4, mapping all CUD operations for my entities using sprocs. I have two tables, ADDRESS and PERSON. A PERSON can have multiple ADDRESS associated with them. Here is the code I am running: Person person = (from p in context.People where p.PersonUID == 1 select p).FirstOrDefault(); Address address = (from a in context.Addresses where a.AddressUID == 51 select a).FirstOrDefault(); address.AddressLn2 = "Test"; context.SaveChanges(); The Address being updated is associated with the Person I am retrieveing - although they are not explicitly linked in any way in the code. When the context.SaveChanges() executes not only does the Update sproc for my Address entity get fired (like you would expect), but so does the Update sproc for the Person entity - even though you can see there was no change made to the Person entity. When I check the EntityState of both objects before the context.SaveChanges() call I see that my Address entity has an EntityState of "Modified" and my Person enity has an EntityState of "Unchanged". Why is the Update sproc being called for the Person entity? Is there a setting of some sort that I can set to prevent this from happening?

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  • How to code UI / HUD in Entity System?

    - by Sylpheed
    I think I already got the idea of the Entity System inspired by Adam Martin (t-machine). I want to start using this for my next project. I already know the basic of Entity, Components, and Systems. My problem is how to handle UI / HUD. For example, a quest window, skill window, character info window, etc. How do you handle UI events (eg. pressing a button)? These are stuff that doesn't need to be processed every frame. Currently, I'm using MVC to code UI but I don't think that'll be compatible for Entity System. I've read that Entity System is embedded on a larger OOP. I don't know if UI is outside of ES or not. How do I approach this one?

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  • Weekend Entity Framework Class in Dallas...

    - by [email protected]
    Zeeshan Nirani, MVP in the Data Programability Group, co-author of the upcoming Entity Framework Recipies book, is teaching a 6 week class on Entity Framework 4.0 at Collin Community College, beginning May 22nd. The class will meet each Saturday morning from 9 am to 1. There is probably nobody in the Metroplex area that knows the Entity Framework as initimately as Zeeshan. Go and sign-up for this course NOW and consider yourself lucky to have the opportunity to attend. You WILL learn the Entity Framework which will be CRITICAL to your success in Microsoft development, as MSFT has made this framework one of their core pieces moving forward.   Contact Zeeshan at [email protected] for more details.      

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  • Enhancing performance in Entity Framework applications by precompiling LINQ to Entities queries

    - by nikolaosk
    This is going to be the tenth post of a series of posts regarding ASP.Net and the Entity Framework and how we can use Entity Framework to access our datastore. You can find the first one here , the second one here , the third one here , the fourth one here , the fifth one here ,the sixth one here ,the seventh one here ,the eighth one here and the ninth one here . I have a post regarding ASP.Net and EntityDataSource . You can read it here .I have 3 more posts on Profiling Entity Framework applications...(read more)

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  • Processing component pools problem - Entity Subsystem

    - by mani3xis
    Architecture description I'm creating (designing) an entity system and I ran into many problems. I'm trying to keep it Data-Oriented and efficient as much as possible. My components are POD structures (array of bytes to be precise) allocated in homogeneous pools. Each pool has a ComponentDescriptor - it just contains component name, field types and field names. Entity is just a pointer to array of components (where address acts like an entity ID). EntityPrototype contains entity name and array of component names. Finally Subsystem (System or Processor) which works on component pools. Actual problem The problem is that some components dependents on others (Model, Sprite, PhysicalBody, Animation depends on Transform component) which makes a lot of problems when it comes to processing them. For example, lets define some entities using [S]prite, [P]hysicalBody and [H]ealth: Tank: Transform, Sprite, PhysicalBody BgTree: Transform, Sprite House: Transform, Sprite, Health and create 4 Tanks, 5 BgTrees and 2 Houses and my pools will look like: TTTTTTTTTTT // Transform pool SSSSSSSSSSS // Sprite pool PPPP // PhysicalBody pool HH // Health component There is no way to process them using indices. I spend 3 days working on it and I still don't have any ideas. In previous designs TransformComponent was bound to the entity - but it wasn't a good idea. Can you give me some advices how to process them? Or maybe I should change the overall design? Maybe I should create pools of entites (pools of component pools) - but I guess it will be a nightmare for CPU caches. Thanks

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  • How to update entity states and animations in a component-based game

    - by mivic
    I'm trying to design a component-based entity system for learning purposes (and later use on some games) and I'm having some troubles when it comes to updating entity states. I don't want to have an update() method inside the Component to prevent dependencies between Components. What I currently have in mind is that components hold data and systems update components. So, if I have a simple 2D game with some entities (e.g. player, enemy1, enemy 2) that have Transform, Movement, State, Animation and Rendering components I think I should have: A MovementSystem that moves all the Movement components and updates the State components And a RenderSystem that updates the Animation components (the animation component should have one animation (i.e. a set of frames/textures) for each state and updating it means selecting the animation corresponding to the current state (e.g. jumping, moving_left, etc), and updating the frame index). Then, the RenderSystem updates the Render components with the texture corresponding to the current frame of each entity's Animation and renders everything on screen. I've seen some implementations like Artemis framework, but I don't know how to solve this situation: Let's say that my game has the following entities. Each entity have a set of states and one animation for each state: player: "idle", "moving_right", "jumping" enemy1: "moving_up", "moving_down" enemy2: "moving_left", "moving_right" What are the most accepted approaches in order to update the current state of each entity? The only thing that I can think of is having separate systems for each group of entities and separate State and Animation components so I would have PlayerState, PlayerAnimation, Enemy1State, Enemy1Animation... PlayerMovementSystem, PlayerRenderingSystem... but I think this is a bad solution and breaks the purpose of having a component-based system. As you can see, I'm quite lost here, so I'd very much appreciate any help.

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  • Open source Entity-Component game [on hold]

    - by Papavoikos
    I've been reading a lot about entity-component design but every article talks about the philosophy behind such design, leaving a lot of details and implementations outside. I'm looking for an open source game that uses the entity-component design so I can study the concrete implementations and see how they deal with things such as How (and if) they deal with inter-component communication How much logic each component has or doesn't have How a subsystem can change it's behavior depending on an entity's state (the screen darkens depending on the player's health)

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  • Entity Framework - Merging 2 physical tables into one "virtual" table problems...

    - by Keith Barrows
    I have been reading up on porting ASP.NET Membership Provider into .NET 3.5 using LINQ & Entities. However, the DB model that every single sample shows is the newer model while I've inherited a rather old model. Differences: The User Table is split into a pair of User & Membership Tables. All of the tables in the DB are prepended with aspnet_ I have Lowered versions of some columns (UserName, Email, etc) To work with this I have copied the properties from the Membership table into the User table (in the DB this is a 1<-1 relationship, not a 1<-0,1), renamed aspnet_Applications to Application, aspnet_Profiles to Profile, aspnet_Users to User and aspnet_Roles to Role. (See image) Link to full size image of model Now, I am running into one of 2 problems when I try to compile. Using the model in the image I get this error: Problem in Mapping Fragment starting at line 464: EntitySets 'UserSet' and 'aspnet_Membership' are both mapped to table 'aspnet_Membership'. Their Primary Keys may collide. If I delete the aspnet_Membership table from my model (to handle the above error) I then get: Problem in Mapping Fragment starting at line 384: Column aspnet_Membership.ApplicationId in table aspnet_Membership must be mapped: It has no default value and is not nullable. My ability to hand edit the backing stores is not the best and I don't want to just hack something in that may break other things. I am looking for suggestions, best practices, etc to handle this. Note: Moving the data tables themselves is not an option as I cannot replace all the logic in the existing apps. I am building this EF Provider for a new App. Over the next 6 months the old app(s) will migrate bit-by-bit to the new structures. Note: I added a link just under the image to the full size image for better viewing.

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  • Inheritance Mapping Strategies with Entity Framework Code First CTP5 Part 1: Table per Hierarchy (TPH)

    - by mortezam
    A simple strategy for mapping classes to database tables might be “one table for every entity persistent class.” This approach sounds simple enough and, indeed, works well until we encounter inheritance. Inheritance is such a visible structural mismatch between the object-oriented and relational worlds because object-oriented systems model both “is a” and “has a” relationships. SQL-based models provide only "has a" relationships between entities; SQL database management systems don’t support type inheritance—and even when it’s available, it’s usually proprietary or incomplete. There are three different approaches to representing an inheritance hierarchy: Table per Hierarchy (TPH): Enable polymorphism by denormalizing the SQL schema, and utilize a type discriminator column that holds type information. Table per Type (TPT): Represent "is a" (inheritance) relationships as "has a" (foreign key) relationships. Table per Concrete class (TPC): Discard polymorphism and inheritance relationships completely from the SQL schema.I will explain each of these strategies in a series of posts and this one is dedicated to TPH. In this series we'll deeply dig into each of these strategies and will learn about "why" to choose them as well as "how" to implement them. Hopefully it will give you a better idea about which strategy to choose in a particular scenario. Inheritance Mapping with Entity Framework Code FirstAll of the inheritance mapping strategies that we discuss in this series will be implemented by EF Code First CTP5. The CTP5 build of the new EF Code First library has been released by ADO.NET team earlier this month. EF Code-First enables a pretty powerful code-centric development workflow for working with data. I’m a big fan of the EF Code First approach, and I’m pretty excited about a lot of productivity and power that it brings. When it comes to inheritance mapping, not only Code First fully supports all the strategies but also gives you ultimate flexibility to work with domain models that involves inheritance. The fluent API for inheritance mapping in CTP5 has been improved a lot and now it's more intuitive and concise in compare to CTP4. A Note For Those Who Follow Other Entity Framework ApproachesIf you are following EF's "Database First" or "Model First" approaches, I still recommend to read this series since although the implementation is Code First specific but the explanations around each of the strategies is perfectly applied to all approaches be it Code First or others. A Note For Those Who are New to Entity Framework and Code-FirstIf you choose to learn EF you've chosen well. If you choose to learn EF with Code First you've done even better. To get started, you can find a great walkthrough by Scott Guthrie here and another one by ADO.NET team here. In this post, I assume you already setup your machine to do Code First development and also that you are familiar with Code First fundamentals and basic concepts. You might also want to check out my other posts on EF Code First like Complex Types and Shared Primary Key Associations. A Top Down Development ScenarioThese posts take a top-down approach; it assumes that you’re starting with a domain model and trying to derive a new SQL schema. Therefore, we start with an existing domain model, implement it in C# and then let Code First create the database schema for us. However, the mapping strategies described are just as relevant if you’re working bottom up, starting with existing database tables. I’ll show some tricks along the way that help you dealing with nonperfect table layouts. Let’s start with the mapping of entity inheritance. -- The Domain ModelIn our domain model, we have a BillingDetail base class which is abstract (note the italic font on the UML class diagram below). We do allow various billing types and represent them as subclasses of BillingDetail class. As for now, we support CreditCard and BankAccount: Implement the Object Model with Code First As always, we start with the POCO classes. Note that in our DbContext, I only define one DbSet for the base class which is BillingDetail. Code First will find the other classes in the hierarchy based on Reachability Convention. public abstract class BillingDetail  {     public int BillingDetailId { get; set; }     public string Owner { get; set; }             public string Number { get; set; } } public class BankAccount : BillingDetail {     public string BankName { get; set; }     public string Swift { get; set; } } public class CreditCard : BillingDetail {     public int CardType { get; set; }                     public string ExpiryMonth { get; set; }     public string ExpiryYear { get; set; } } public class InheritanceMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<BillingDetail> BillingDetails { get; set; } } This object model is all that is needed to enable inheritance with Code First. If you put this in your application you would be able to immediately start working with the database and do CRUD operations. Before going into details about how EF Code First maps this object model to the database, we need to learn about one of the core concepts of inheritance mapping: polymorphic and non-polymorphic queries. Polymorphic Queries LINQ to Entities and EntitySQL, as object-oriented query languages, both support polymorphic queries—that is, queries for instances of a class and all instances of its subclasses, respectively. For example, consider the following query: IQueryable<BillingDetail> linqQuery = from b in context.BillingDetails select b; List<BillingDetail> billingDetails = linqQuery.ToList(); Or the same query in EntitySQL: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE b FROM BillingDetails AS b"; ObjectQuery<BillingDetail> objectQuery = ((IObjectContextAdapter)context).ObjectContext                                                                          .CreateQuery<BillingDetail>(eSqlQuery); List<BillingDetail> billingDetails = objectQuery.ToList(); linqQuery and eSqlQuery are both polymorphic and return a list of objects of the type BillingDetail, which is an abstract class but the actual concrete objects in the list are of the subtypes of BillingDetail: CreditCard and BankAccount. Non-polymorphic QueriesAll LINQ to Entities and EntitySQL queries are polymorphic which return not only instances of the specific entity class to which it refers, but all subclasses of that class as well. On the other hand, Non-polymorphic queries are queries whose polymorphism is restricted and only returns instances of a particular subclass. In LINQ to Entities, this can be specified by using OfType<T>() Method. For example, the following query returns only instances of BankAccount: IQueryable<BankAccount> query = from b in context.BillingDetails.OfType<BankAccount>() select b; EntitySQL has OFTYPE operator that does the same thing: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE b FROM OFTYPE(BillingDetails, Model.BankAccount) AS b"; In fact, the above query with OFTYPE operator is a short form of the following query expression that uses TREAT and IS OF operators: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE TREAT(b as Model.BankAccount)                       FROM BillingDetails AS b                       WHERE b IS OF(Model.BankAccount)"; (Note that in the above query, Model.BankAccount is the fully qualified name for BankAccount class. You need to change "Model" with your own namespace name.) Table per Class Hierarchy (TPH)An entire class hierarchy can be mapped to a single table. This table includes columns for all properties of all classes in the hierarchy. The concrete subclass represented by a particular row is identified by the value of a type discriminator column. You don’t have to do anything special in Code First to enable TPH. It's the default inheritance mapping strategy: This mapping strategy is a winner in terms of both performance and simplicity. It’s the best-performing way to represent polymorphism—both polymorphic and nonpolymorphic queries perform well—and it’s even easy to implement by hand. Ad-hoc reporting is possible without complex joins or unions. Schema evolution is straightforward. Discriminator Column As you can see in the DB schema above, Code First has to add a special column to distinguish between persistent classes: the discriminator. This isn’t a property of the persistent class in our object model; it’s used internally by EF Code First. By default, the column name is "Discriminator", and its type is string. The values defaults to the persistent class names —in this case, “BankAccount” or “CreditCard”. EF Code First automatically sets and retrieves the discriminator values. TPH Requires Properties in SubClasses to be Nullable in the Database TPH has one major problem: Columns for properties declared by subclasses will be nullable in the database. For example, Code First created an (INT, NULL) column to map CardType property in CreditCard class. However, in a typical mapping scenario, Code First always creates an (INT, NOT NULL) column in the database for an int property in persistent class. But in this case, since BankAccount instance won’t have a CardType property, the CardType field must be NULL for that row so Code First creates an (INT, NULL) instead. If your subclasses each define several non-nullable properties, the loss of NOT NULL constraints may be a serious problem from the point of view of data integrity. TPH Violates the Third Normal FormAnother important issue is normalization. We’ve created functional dependencies between nonkey columns, violating the third normal form. Basically, the value of Discriminator column determines the corresponding values of the columns that belong to the subclasses (e.g. BankName) but Discriminator is not part of the primary key for the table. As always, denormalization for performance can be misleading, because it sacrifices long-term stability, maintainability, and the integrity of data for immediate gains that may be also achieved by proper optimization of the SQL execution plans (in other words, ask your DBA). Generated SQL QueryLet's take a look at the SQL statements that EF Code First sends to the database when we write queries in LINQ to Entities or EntitySQL. For example, the polymorphic query for BillingDetails that you saw, generates the following SQL statement: SELECT  [Extent1].[Discriminator] AS [Discriminator],  [Extent1].[BillingDetailId] AS [BillingDetailId],  [Extent1].[Owner] AS [Owner],  [Extent1].[Number] AS [Number],  [Extent1].[BankName] AS [BankName],  [Extent1].[Swift] AS [Swift],  [Extent1].[CardType] AS [CardType],  [Extent1].[ExpiryMonth] AS [ExpiryMonth],  [Extent1].[ExpiryYear] AS [ExpiryYear] FROM [dbo].[BillingDetails] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] IN ('BankAccount','CreditCard') Or the non-polymorphic query for the BankAccount subclass generates this SQL statement: SELECT  [Extent1].[BillingDetailId] AS [BillingDetailId],  [Extent1].[Owner] AS [Owner],  [Extent1].[Number] AS [Number],  [Extent1].[BankName] AS [BankName],  [Extent1].[Swift] AS [Swift] FROM [dbo].[BillingDetails] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] = 'BankAccount' Note how Code First adds a restriction on the discriminator column and also how it only selects those columns that belong to BankAccount entity. Change Discriminator Column Data Type and Values With Fluent API Sometimes, especially in legacy schemas, you need to override the conventions for the discriminator column so that Code First can work with the schema. The following fluent API code will change the discriminator column name to "BillingDetailType" and the values to "BA" and "CC" for BankAccount and CreditCard respectively: protected override void OnModelCreating(System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.ModelBuilder modelBuilder) {     modelBuilder.Entity<BillingDetail>()                 .Map<BankAccount>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue("BA"))                 .Map<CreditCard>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue("CC")); } Also, changing the data type of discriminator column is interesting. In the above code, we passed strings to HasValue method but this method has been defined to accepts a type of object: public void HasValue(object value); Therefore, if for example we pass a value of type int to it then Code First not only use our desired values (i.e. 1 & 2) in the discriminator column but also changes the column type to be (INT, NOT NULL): modelBuilder.Entity<BillingDetail>()             .Map<BankAccount>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue(1))             .Map<CreditCard>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue(2)); SummaryIn this post we learned about Table per Hierarchy as the default mapping strategy in Code First. The disadvantages of the TPH strategy may be too serious for your design—after all, denormalized schemas can become a major burden in the long run. Your DBA may not like it at all. In the next post, we will learn about Table per Type (TPT) strategy that doesn’t expose you to this problem. References ADO.NET team blog Java Persistence with Hibernate book a { text-decoration: none; } a:visited { color: Blue; } .title { padding-bottom: 5px; font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 15px; } .code, .typeName { font-family: consolas; } .typeName { color: #2b91af; } .padTop5 { padding-top: 5px; } .padTop10 { padding-top: 10px; } p.MsoNormal { margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Calibri" , "sans-serif"; }

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  • Entity Framework Update Error in ASP.NET Mvc with related entity

    - by Barry
    I have run into a problem which have searched and tried everything i can to find a solution but to no avail. I am using the same repository and context throughout the process I have a booking entity and a userExtension Entity Below is my image i then get my form collection back from my page and create a new booking public ActionResult Create(FormCollection collection) { Booking toBooking = new Booking(); i then do some validation and property assignment and find an associated BidInstance toBooking.BidInstance = bid; i have checked and the bid is not null. finally i get the user extension file from the Current IPRINCIPAL USER as below UserExtension loggedInUser = m_BookingRepository.GetBookingCurrentUser(User); toBooking.UserExtension = loggedInUser; The Code to do the getUserExtension is : public UserExtension GetBookingCurrentUser(IPrincipal currentUser) { var user = (from u in Context.aspnet_Users .Include("UserExtension") where u.UserName == currentUser.Identity.Name select u).FirstOrDefault(); if (user != null) { var userextension = (from u in Context.UserExtension.Include("aspnet_Users") where u.aspnet_Users.UserId == user.UserId select u).FirstOrDefault(); return userextension; } else{ return null; } } It returns the userextension fine and assigns it fine. i originally used the aspnet_users but encountered this problem so tried to change it to the extension entity. as soon as i call the : Context.AddToBooking(booking); Context.SaveChanges(); i get the following exception and im completely baffled by how to fix it Entities in 'FutureFlyersEntityModel.Booking' participate in the 'FK_Booking_UserExtension' relationship. 0 related 'UserExtension' were found. 1 'UserExtension' is expected. then the final error that comes to the front end is: Metadata information for the relationship 'FutureFlyersModel.FK_Booking_BidInstance' could not be retrieved. Make sure that the EdmRelationshipAttribute for the relationship has been defined in the assembly. Parameter name: relationshipName.. But both the related entities are set in the booking entity passed thruogh PLEASE HELP Im at wits end with this

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  • How do you determine subtype of an entity using Inheritance with Entity Framework 4?

    - by KallDrexx
    I am just starting to use the Entity Framework 4 for the first time ever. So far I am liking it but I am a bit confused on how to correctly do inheritance. I am doing a model-first approach, and I have my Person entity with two subtype entities, Employee and Client. EF is correctly using the table per type approach, however I can't seem to figure out how to determine what type of a Person a specific object is. For example, if I do something like var people = from p in entities.Person select p; return people.ToList<Person>(); In my list that I form from this, all I care about is the Id field so i don't want to actually query all the subtype tables (this is a webpage list with links, so all I need is the name and the Id, all in the Persons table). However, I want to form different lists using this one query, one for each type of person (so one list for Clients and another for Employees). The issue is if I have a Person entity, I can't see any way to determine if that entity is a Client or an Employee without querying the Client or Employee tables directly. How can I easily determine the subtype of an entity without performing a bunch of additional database queries?

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  • How to tell if any entities in context are dirty with .Net Entity Framework 4.0

    - by Mike Gates
    I want to be able to tell if there is any unsaved data in an entity framework context. I have figured out how to use the ObjectStateManager to check the states of existing entities, but there are two issues I have with this. I would prefer a single function to call to see if any entities are unsaved instead of looping though all entities in the context. I can't figure out how to detect entities I have added. This suggests to me that I do not fully understand how the entity context works. For example, if I have the ObjectSet myContext.Employees, and I add a new employee to this set (with .AddObject), I do not see the new entity when I look at the ObjectSet and I also don't see the .Count increase. However, when I do a context.SaveChanges(), my new entity is persisted...huh? I have been unable to find an answer to this in my msdn searches, so I was hoping someone here would be able to clue me in. Thanks in advance.

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  • Using ExecuteQuery() with entity framework, entity class.

    - by sfreelander
    I am trying to jump from ASP Classic to asp.net. I have followed tutorials to get Entity Framework and LINQ to connect to my test database, but I am having difficulties figuring out ExecuteQuery(). I believe the problem is that I need an "entity class" for my database, but I can't figure out how to do it. Here is my simple code: Dim db as New TestModel.TestEntity Dim results AS IEnumerable(OF ???) = db.ExecuteQuery(Of ???)("Select * from Table1") From the microsoft example site, they use an entity class called Customers, but I don't understand what that means.

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  • Dependency injection with n-tier Entity Framework solution

    - by Matthew
    I am currently designing an n-tier solution which is using Entity Framework 5 (.net 4) as its data access strategy, but am concerned about how to incorporate dependency injection to make it testable / flexible. My current solution layout is as follows (my solution is called Alcatraz): Alcatraz.WebUI: An asp.net webform project, the front end user interface, references projects Alcatraz.Business and Alcatraz.Data.Models. Alcatraz.Business: A class library project, contains the business logic, references projects Alcatraz.Data.Access, Alcatraz.Data.Models Alcatraz.Data.Access: A class library project, houses AlcatrazModel.edmx and AlcatrazEntities DbContext, references projects Alcatraz.Data.Models. Alcatraz.Data.Models: A class library project, contains POCOs for the Alcatraz model, no references. My vision for how this solution would work is the web-ui would instantiate a repository within the business library, this repository would have a dependency (through the constructor) of a connection string (not an AlcatrazEntities instance). The web-ui would know the database connection strings, but not that it was an entity framework connection string. In the Business project: public class InmateRepository : IInmateRepository { private string _connectionString; public InmateRepository(string connectionString) { if (connectionString == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); } EntityConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder = new EntityConnectionStringBuilder(); connectionBuilder.Metadata = "res://*/AlcatrazModel.csdl|res://*/AlcatrazModel.ssdl|res://*/AlcatrazModel.msl"; connectionBuilder.Provider = "System.Data.SqlClient"; connectionBuilder.ProviderConnectionString = connectionString; _connectionString = connectionBuilder.ToString(); } public IQueryable<Inmate> GetAllInmates() { AlcatrazEntities ents = new AlcatrazEntities(_connectionString); return ents.Inmates; } } In the Web UI: IInmateRepository inmateRepo = new InmateRepository(@"data source=MATTHEW-PC\SQLEXPRESS;initial catalog=Alcatraz;integrated security=True;"); List<Inmate> deathRowInmates = inmateRepo.GetAllInmates().Where(i => i.OnDeathRow).ToList(); I have a few related questions about this design. 1) Does this design even make sense in terms of Entity Frameworks capabilities? I heard that Entity framework uses the Unit-of-work pattern already, am I just adding another layer of abstract unnecessarily? 2) I don't want my web-ui to directly communicate with Entity Framework (or even reference it for that matter), I want all database access to go through the business layer as in the future I will have multiple projects using the same business layer (web service, windows application, etc.) and I want to have it easy to maintain / update by having the business logic in one central area. Is this an appropriate way to achieve this? 3) Should the Business layer even contain repositories, or should that be contained within the Access layer? If where they are is alright, is passing a connection string a good dependency to assume? Thanks for taking the time to read!

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