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• formation an external hard disk

  - by Alex

  I am trying to format an external hard disk to FAT32 (i need it to wrok with some hardware that expects it to be in fat32). When i am trying to format it vie windows the only option I'm getting is to format it to NTFS. Another strange thing is that when i am trying to format one of my own partitions (on the hard disk that is running the OS) i can do it only in NTFS while another partition my OS can format in both NTFS and FAT32. What can cause such a bihavior and how can I format the external hard dist to FAT32?

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• Are flash drives and hard drives thought of as "an ocean of bytes"?

  - by Jian Lin

  Why can a USB Flash drive be formatted as NTFS or FAT32? Is the USB Flash Drive and Hard Drive just to be thought of as "an ocean of bytes"? I get very used to hearing formatting a hard drive as FAT32 or NTFS, but we can also format a USB Flash drive as NTFS or FAT32? Is it because a hard drive or Flash drive both can be thought of as "an ocean of bits" or "an ocean of bytes"? I remember RAM as: it takes 16 bit or 32 bit as an address signal (the 16 or 32 copper footing on the circuit board), and give out 8 bit of data (the other 8 copper footing on the circuit board). So can a hard drive be thought of as working that way too? So that's why a Flash drive can be the same too? Just an "ocean of bytes". But is it true that hard drive's hardware make it an ocean of sector or something else, that is, the smaller unit of read / write is not byte but something else? So with this "ocean of bytes", NTFS has the format that says, "if the first byte is __, then it means __ (it is a file or folder, and link to which sector, indicated by byte 2 and 3, etc, etc)"

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• Looking for USB Network Attached Storage (NAS) Adapter that supports multiple drives, NTFS/FAT32 fil

  - by braveterry

  I'm looking for a NAS Adapter that supports attaching multiple USB devices to the network. Here's what I'd like to see in a NAS adapter: Under $100.00. Support for multiple devices. This can be through a USB hub or through multiple USB connectors on the device itself. Bittorrent support would be nice, but this isn't a deal-breaker. Filesystem support for at least NTFS or FAT32. I'd prefer to not have to reformat to use the device, but this is also not a deal-breaker. Here is what I am NOT looking for: I'm NOT looking for a NAS enclosure. I already have a couple of spare external USB drives that I'd like to use. I'm NOT looking for a networked USB hub like the one mentioned here. Network USB hubs only allow access to a drive from one PC at a time. I'm NOT looking for a wireless router with a NAS built in. I already have a wireless router, and I'd rather not go through the hassle of replacing it if possible. What I've looked at so far PogoPlug: This supports multiple devices via a USB hub, but there's not Bittorrent support. It's $99.00, so I may end up going with this and hope that they patch in Bittorrent support later. Addonics NAS Adapter: This supports only one device per adapter, so it's a non-starter. SimpleNET NAS Head USB 2.0 Portable Dongle: I'm not 100% sure this supports multiple devices. Plus there doesn't seem to be any Bittorrent support. I'll try to update this post as I explore other devices.

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• How to delete/edit files from readonly filesystem

  - by Santosh Linkha

  I am having problem with my memory device (actually a memory card that act external memory device like pendrive). experimentx@workmateX:/var/www/zendtest$ sudo rm /media/A88F-8788/python-2.7.1-docs-html.zip rm: cannot remove `/media/A88F-8788/python-2.7.1-docs-html.zip': Read-only file system I tried to change the file permission of the system but that doesn't work experimentx@workmateX:/var/www/zendtest$ sudo chmod 0777 /media/A88F-8788/python-2.7.1-docs-html.zip chmod: changing permissions of `/media/A88F-8788/python-2.7.1-docs-html.zip': Read-only file system But it perfectly works on windows. UPDATE On opening the drive and running command sudo mount -o remount,rw /media/A88F-8788 /var/log/syslog: Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.257407] fat_get_cluster: 11 callbacks suppressed Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.257414] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.257418] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.257425] FAT: Filesystem has been set read-only Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.258187] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.258194] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.333787] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.333795] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.335949] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.335957] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.354903] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.354911] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.357213] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.357221] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.359547] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.359555] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.361929] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.361936] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.377416] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.377424] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.379384] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.379392] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.381898] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.381906] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.383764] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:35 workmateX kernel: [18149.383772] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.569747] fat_get_cluster: 11 callbacks suppressed Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.569754] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.569758] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.569765] FAT: Filesystem has been set read-only Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.572022] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.572029] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.582933] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.582941] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.585921] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.585929] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.587819] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.587827] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.597547] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.597555] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.599503] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.599511] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.602896] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.602905] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.615338] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.615346] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.618574] FAT: Filesystem error (dev sdb1) Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.618581] fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) var/log/message: Mar 23 15:29:48 workmateX kernel: [18042.257407] fat_get_cluster: 11 callbacks suppressed Mar 23 15:31:40 workmateX kernel: [18154.569747] fat_get_cluster: 11 callbacks suppressed

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• UEFI hardware and dual booting with windows

  - by user39803

  I've been struggling for 3 days trying to dual boot Ubuntu 11.10 and Windows 7. I want to use an SSD for my Ubuntu installation and an hdd for Windows. I realized that I have to install windows first and then ubuntu, and so I did that. When I first install windows it boots fine from my hdd, but when I add ubuntu on my ssd and restart, I get a black screen with a blinking cursor. I've read many forums where this is asked but haven't found a single solution that works. I've tried boot repair. It told me to make a fat ESP partition and I did that as well but it still doesn't work. I'm a noob and any suggestions would be really appreciated.

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• Restoring MBR, partition table, and boot sector of memory card without data loss ("USBC")

  - by Synetech

  Abstract I have a FAT32 memory card that when inserted into a computer causes Windows to prompt to format it. The card is definitely not supposed to be blank and has a bunch of files on it. Symptoms Using a hex-editor/disk-viewer, I examined the card and found that several sectors/clusters have been overwritten with something that has a signature of USBC at the start of the sector. Specifically, the master boot record (and partition table) is gone (hence Windows thinking the card is blank and needing to be formatted), as are the boot sectors (they have the USBC signature and a volume label of NO NAME and partition type of FAT32). Fortunately, it looks like both copies of the FAT are almost entirely intact (a few FAT entries at the start of a cluster here and there seem to be overwritten by USBC). The root directory is also nearly intact—I can see the volume label entry and subdirectory listings, but one sector is overwritten. (There are no more instances of USBC after the last one in the FAT2.) Hypothesis These observations seem to indicate some sort of virus that erases a few key filesystem structures, and then overwrites a few extra sectors here and there. Googling it seems to corroborate the idea of a virus, except that others report a file called USBC which does not apply here, and in fact, could not be possible since there is no filesystem to even see files. I cannot find any information about a virus with these symptoms, nor a removal tool. (I can't help but wonder if it is actually due to an autorun virus prevention tool.) Question I can likely fix the FAT corruption since they are mostly contiguous chains and maybe even the lost sector of the root directory, but does anyone know of a convenient way to restore or (re)create the MBR/partition table and boot sectors (without formatting or overwriting the data)?

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• Difference between "bit-number" in filesystem and that in OS (like 32,64 bit)?

  - by learner

  I encountered 2 terms ,"FAT32", a file system and "Windows Vista 32 bit". I found that the meaning of a 32 bit OS is that that the OS deals with data in chunks of minimum size 32 bits. I don't quite understand the depth of that, but I figure ,every file in that system with that OS should have a minimum size of 32 bits. I also read that these 32 bits are used to hold data of files' location(reference) and details. Which of it is it? I have also read that 4 GB of RAM is all that is needed at the most if you're on a 32 bit OS. But I don't understand why. If there are 32 bits to hold info about files and their locations,there can be 2^32 possible combinations of it. But I have found in many places,2^32 is divided by 1024 thrice to get 4GB. Why? Did that 2^32 become equal to 2^32 bytes? And about filesystems I read a similar explanation for what 32 means in FAT32. It is supposed to mean that 32 bits are used to number file system block. Now how is different from the number before the OS?

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• How to recover a file using the FAT cluster chain instead of using the stored length in the FAT table?

  - by cadrian

  I'm trying to recover movie files from my TNT receiver hard drive but it corrupts its FAT32 allocation table (crappy cheap device...) Using dosfsck is useless because the correct file length is the cluster length, not the (shorter) one in the table, and dosfsck only proposes to shorten the file, which I won't do. Question: how to recover a file using the FAT cluster chain instead of using the stored length in the FAT table? Edit I forgot to say: Linux solutions only please (I have no windows box)

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• Drive writing problem [closed]

  - by Aditya

  Ive a fat32 drive...when i save a file on it on linux . open it in windows the file is not visible...the space occupied by that file is also not accounted for...the vice versa is also true...any idea why??

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• Virtualbox for Mac OS X - using an external USB drive, which filesystem is ideal?

  - by bencnscp

  Assuming that I am NOT going to add NTFS drivers that allow read+write of NTFS partitions, I was wondering if the choice of filesystem when I partition an external USB drive matters. The choices appear to be HFS+ vs. FAT32. For the time being, I simply created two half-sized paritions, one of each type. :) I plan to run various versions of Windows, and keep the VirtualBox files on the external drive.

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• Setting filesystem mounting umask on OS X

  - by Nick

  (Using Snow Leopard.) When I plug in a flash drive formatted with FAT32, the permissions on all files on the drive are set as 0666; between colored ls and my obsessive-compulsive nature, this is annoying. Is there any way to make it automatically mount with a different umask?

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• Why Both 8GB USB Flash Drives Have Different Integrities?

  - by Boris_yo

  USB 3.0 SuperTalent Express DUO 8GB recently had its partition corrupted and declared itself "write-protected" and I was told in chat by @sidran32 that this usually means that flash drive gone bad due to writing cycles limit being reached. Having this thumbdrive for over a year being used infrequently, I was in doubt and referred to SuperTalent's support. I was given recovery tool which I executed but it failed first time prompting me to reinsert it. After that, I formatted it with Windows 7 integrated format utility since recovery tool offered to do this as well which was successful. The problem as I have noticed is with integrity of SuperTalent: Compare above to SanDisk's Micro Cruzer 8GB: Am I missing something? Both thumbdrives are of 8GB and have same FAT32 file system.

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• Vantec NexStar NAS Enclosures - Writing large files

  - by peter

  I have one of these 'Vantec NexStar LX - NST-475LX-BK' drive enclosures. It is a NAS device. When I write a file to the device using eSata, or a SMB share I cannot write files over 4GB. I think this is because the drive is formatted with FAT32. But when I access the device using FTP it doesn't matter. I can write files of any size. E.g. I wrote one on there last night which was 30GB. Does this make any sense? Why? I guess the most important thing for me is data integrity.

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• "Windows was unable to complete the format" - Can't format flashdrive!!!

  - by Jake

  I have a 8GB Sandisk Cruzer USB flash drive that I had ruined a while back trying to make it bootable. Anyway now when I click on it I get a message that it needs to be reformatted to be used. So when I try to do that, the formatting starts and suddenly ends with the message "Windows was unable to complete the format". This happens no matter which file system I choose (NTFS, FAT32, exFat) and also which computer I try this on. I am now on a Windows 7 32 bit OS and before tries it on a Vista Home Basic machine. Anyone know any way around this issue? Many thanks.

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• Make a file non-deletable in USB

  - by MegaNairda

  Somebody used my USB drive and upon returning it to me, I found a autorun.inf that is undeletable. I tried changing it's file attribute which is only H (not even set as a system file) but it keeps on saying Access Denied. The USB is set on FAT32, upon asking my friend, he told me that he uses Panda USB Vaccine http://research.pandasecurity.com/Panda-USB-and-AutoRun-Vaccine/ How do they do this? Im trying to use some Disk Sector editor but have no idea which hex file they change to make this kind of file and make it deletable again. Formatting the drive removes it, but I'm curious as to how to be able to set those kind of file attribute.

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• Why can't I copy a 7 GB file to an external USB HD with 120 GB free?

  - by Johann Gerell

  Yes, why can't I? I was stashing away some old photography backup zips last night. I could copy 4 of my 1 GB backup zips to my external USB connected hard-drive when I got the error message "Cannot copy file. Not enough free space." (sort of) for a zip of roughly 7 GB. But there are 120 GB free. Why is this? EDIT: Clarification - the files that I could copy was smaller than 4 GB. The failing one was 7 GB. The cause seems to be the FAT32 4 GB limit.

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• How to set default permissions for automounted FAT drives in Ubuntu

  - by piman

  I've got many FAT32 drives that I'd like to mount in Ubuntu such that they have permission mode 700 for directories and 600 for all other files. By default, they have 755 for all files, which is not particularly useful since almost no non-directories should be executable, and it screws up version control repos hosted on the drives. "Back in the day" I would have had the drives listed in /etc/fstab with the umask/dmask I want and there was no such thing as a default. These days, drives automount under their volume names. Which is great, except now I have no idea how to set the default. I have tried changing the /system/storage/default_options/vfat/mount_options gconf key with no apparently effect. It was 077 initially but the mounted drive reflected a default of 022; changing it and re-inserting the drives resulted in the files still having permission bits of 755.

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• Which file system to choose from when formatting 1.5TB hard drive (hdd)

  - by MaxiWheat

  I plan to buy a 1.5TB hard drive soon. I would like to know which file system to choose from when I'm gonna format it. With FAT32, there is a limitation concerning the maximum file size (4GB) that bugs me since I might save large files such as DVD images which are over 4GB. On the other hand, NTFS allows me to save larger files, but seems less compatible with other OS than Windows and is also proprietary to Microsoft. Are there other alternatives ? Can you give me your advices ?

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• Vantec NexStar NAS Encloser - Writing large files

  - by peter

  I have one of these 'Vantec NexStar LX - NST-475LX-BK' drive enclosures. It is a NAS device. When I write a file to the device using eSata, or a SMB share I cannot write files over 4GB. I think this is because the drive is formatted with FAT32. But when I access the device using FTP it doesn't matter. I can write files of any size. E.g. I wrote one on there last night which was 30GB. Does this make any sense? Why? I guess the most important thing for me is data integrity.

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• How to set default permissions for automounted FAT drives in Ubuntu 9.10?

  - by piman

  I've got many FAT32 drives that I'd like to mount in Ubuntu such that they have permission mode 700 for directories and 600 for all other files. By default, they have 755 for all files, which is not particularly useful since almost no non-directories should be executable, and it screws up version control repos hosted on the drives. "Back in the day" I would have had the drives listed in /etc/fstab with the umask/dmask I want and there was no such thing as a default. These days, drives automount under their volume names. Which is great, except now I have no idea how to set the default. I have tried changing the /system/storage/default_options/vfat/mount_options gconf key with no apparently effect. It was 077 initially but the mounted drive reflected a default of 022; changing it and re-inserting the drives resulted in the files still having permission bits of 755.

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• How can I use rsync with a FAT file system?

  - by Kim

  I would like to write a simple backup script that saves some data to a FAT drive. Should I reformat the drive and use a better file system or is it possible to use rsync with FAT? If so, what problems might I run into? Would performance be a lot worse? EDIT: This is on linux, didn't even know there was a rsync for windows. The sources are various file systems (it's a mess), and the destination is currently formatted with FAT32. Thank you for your answers, I'll probably go for a reformat, since I'm not completely sure about the file sizes we'll have.

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• Copy files off FreeBSD

  - by Josh

  I have a FreeBSD machine that I have to copy everything off the drive. The fielsystem is UFS and not readable by any other operating system. (great...) I have a USB flash drive (FAT32) I need to copy everything to from the SATA in the bsd machine. I looked up cp commands, and got it to partially work, but it seems to copy to the wrong directory. I cannot find out the "name" of the USB drive, and if it can even copy to it.

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• (How) does deleting open files on Linux and a FAT file system work?

  - by lxgr

  It's clear to me how deleting open files works on filesystems that use inodes - unlink() just decreases the link count to zero, and when the last file handle to the file is closed, the inode will be removed. But how does it work when using a file system that doesn't use inodes, like FAT32, with Linux? Some experiments suggest that deleting open files is still possible (unlike on Windows, where the unlink call wouldn't succeed), but what happens when the file system is uncleanly unmounted? How does Linux mark the files as unlinked, when the file system itself doesn't support such an operation? Is the directory entry just deleted, but retained in memory (that would guarantee deletion after unmounting in any case, but would leave the file system in an inconsistent state), or will the deletion only be marked in memory, and written at the time the last file handle is closed, avoiding possible corruption, but restoring the deleted files after an unclean unmount?

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• Determine FileSystem of USB Drive

  - by Luke

  Is there a way to determine if a USB drive has been formatted as FAT, FAT32 or NTFS?

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• How can I copy a VMware Fusion virtual machine to a FAT32 partition?

  - by Michael Prescott

  I created the virtual machine on a host running OS X. I then moved the machine to a FAT32 partition on an external drive. It moved the first time without error. Then I moved it from the external drive to a host running Ubuntu 9.10. I had to move to a FAT32 partition first because Ubuntu doesn't recognize Mac OS Extended partitions on the drive. So, the virtual machine (vm) ran on the ubuntu host for a while and then I moved it back to the FAT32 partition and from there back to the OS X host. I worked on the vm for a while on the OS X host and then attempted to move it back to the FAT32 partition. I get the following system error: The Finder can’t complete the operation because some data in “my-virtual-machine” can’t be read or written. (Error code -36) Interestingly, I can move the file to another OS X partition, just not FAT32. I also perused VMware's forums and found advice to set permissions on all files and folders to 777. I did this, but have had no success. I notice the the files within the vm package are 777 now, but there is an extended attributes symbol on their permission details "rwxrwxrwx@" Since I can copy the vm between OS X partitions, but not to non OS X partitions, and all files and folders withing the vm package and the package itself have permissions of 777, I speculate that the "@" is the problem. How can I remove the "@" or is there something else I need to modify to allow me to copy/move the vm to other hosts?

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