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  • Are there any formalized/mathematical theories of software testing?

    - by Erik Allik
    Googling "software testing theory" only seems to give theories in the soft sense of the word; I have not been able to find anything that would classify as a theory in the mathematical, information theoretical or some other scientific field's sense. What I'm looking for is something that formalizes what testing is, the notions used, what a test case is, the feasibility of testing something, the practicality of testing something, the extent to which something should be tested, formal definition/explanation of code coverage, etc. UPDATE: Also, I'm not sure, intuitively, about the connection between formal verification and what I asked, but there's clearly some sort of connection.

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  • Why can't flowcharts or mathematical equations created in Microsoft Office and saved in .docx format be opened by LibreOffice?

    - by user33831
    I am using Ubuntu 11.10 and LibreOffice that comes with it. Before this , I was a Windows user and some of my previous documents were saved in .docx format. I tried to use LibreOffice to open those .docx file and I can view all text, however I can't view the flowchart I drew and also mathematical equations. Another issue is, if I create new flowchart with LibreOffice and save it in .docx file, when I re-open that file, I can't view those flowcharts, but those flowcharts are there, occupied space. No problem for .odt format of course. Does anyone know why this happens? Thanks in advanced.

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  • Is LaTeX worth learning today?

    - by Ender
    I know that LaTeX is big in the world of academia, and was probably a big name in desktop publishing before the glory days of WordPerfect and Microsoft Office but as a Windows user that is interested in the power of LaTeX and the general smoothness of a LaTeX generated page is it really worth learning? In a couple of months I'll be starting my final year in Computer Science and LaTeX has been bounced around the campus by many of the Linux geeks. In reality, is there any need to use it today? What will I actually gain from it and will I enjoy using it? Finally, how does one use LaTeX on a Windows machine? What software do I really need? I've read a couple of guides but many of them seem like overkill. Please help break a LaTeX newbie into the world of professional academic publishing! EDIT: I've toyed with LaTeX for a while, and have even learned that it's pronounced "lay-tech", not "lay-tecks". I'll agree once again with the accepted answer in saying that MiKTeX is the best solution for Windows users.

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  • MySQL full text search with partial words

    - by Rob
    MySQL Full Text searching appears to be great and the best way to search in SQL. However, I seem to be stuck on the fact that it won't search partial words. For instance if I have an article titled "MySQL Tutorial" and search for "MySQL", it won't find it. Having done some searching I found various references to support for this coming in MySQL 4 (i'm using 5.1.40). I've tried using "MySQL" and "%MySQL%", but neither works (one link I found suggested it was stars but you could only do it at the end or the beginning not both). Here's my table structure and my query, if someone could tell me where i'm going wrong that would be great. I'm assuming partial word matching is built in somehow. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `articles` ( `article_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `article_name` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `article_desc` text NOT NULL, `article_link` varchar(128) NOT NULL, `article_hits` int(11) NOT NULL, `article_user_hits` int(7) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `article_guest_hits` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `article_rating` decimal(4,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00', `article_site_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `article_time_added` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `article_discussion_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `article_source_type` varchar(12) NOT NULL, `article_source_value` varchar(12) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`article_id`), FULLTEXT KEY `article_name` (`article_name`,`article_desc`,`article_link`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=7 ; INSERT INTO `articles` VALUES (1, 'MySQL Tutorial', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 6, 3, 1, '1.50', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'), (2, 'How To Use MySQL Well', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 1, 2, 0, '3.00', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'), (3, 'Optimizing MySQL', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 0, 1, 0, '3.00', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'), (4, '1001 MySQL Tricks', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 0, 1, 0, '3.00', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'), (5, 'MySQL vs. YourSQL', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 0, 2, 0, '3.00', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'), (6, 'MySQL Security', 'Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.', 'http://www.domain.com/', 0, 2, 0, '3.00', 1, 1269702050, 1, '0', '0'); SELECT count(a.article_id) FROM articles a WHERE MATCH (a.article_name, a.article_desc, a.article_link) AGAINST ('mysql') GROUP BY a.article_id ORDER BY a.article_time_added ASC The prefix is used as it comes from a function that sometimes adds additional joins. As you can see a search for MySQL should return a count of 6, but unfortunately it doesn't.

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  • Is there any free Equation Editor Control

    - by troy
    Hi am going to do some project there i need to show integral , sigma, pie , etc.. so is there any equation edtior controls available. so I have to integrate to my Asp.Net project I got one editor ie: LAtex Equation editor but it show the html format in the textbox ,and also it show his site name etc on the Equation popup editor, it not free at all. Any idea pls..

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  • Rendering LaTeX on third-party websites

    - by A. Rex
    There are some sites on the web that render LaTeX into some more readable form, such as Wikipedia, some Wordpress blogs, and MathOverflow. They may use images, MathML, jsMath, or something like that. There are other sites on the web where LaTeX appears inline and is not rendered, such as the arXiv, various math forums, or my email. In fact, it is quite common to see an arXiv paper's abstract with raw LaTeX in it, e.g. this paper. Is there a plugin available for Firefox, or would it be possible to write one, that renders LaTeX within pages that do not provide a rendering mechanism themselves? Some notes: It may be impossible to render some of the code, because authors often copy-paste code directly from their source TeX files, which may contain things like "\cite{foo}" or undefined commands. These should be left alone. This question is a repost of a question from MathOverflow that was closed for not being related to math. I program a lot, but Javascript is not my specialty, so comments along the lines of "look at this library" are not particularly helpful to me (but may be to others).

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  • Lilypond: Customize bar lines, recursively, automatically?

    - by ananth.p
    I'm working on Carnatic music scores that involve complex time signatures, that will require modified bar lines Pattern for barlines for: 8/4 beats: 1 2 3 4 (dashed bar here) 5, 6 (Dotted Bar) 7, 8 (double bar) Here's one bar of actual score g16( f) d8 ees( ees) d16( c d8) bes16[( d c bes \bar "dashed" a g]) a[( bes c] d[ c d]) \bar ":" g8( f16) ees8( d16 c d) \bar "||" Is there a way to automate these barlines?

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  • Rendering LaTeX on third-party websites?

    - by A. Rex
    There are some sites on the web that render LaTeX into some more readable form, such as Wikipedia, some Wordpress blogs, and MathOverflow. They may use images, MathML, jsMath, or something like that. There are other sites on the web where LaTeX appears inline and is not rendered, such as the arXiv, various math forums, or my email. In fact, it is quite common to see an arXiv paper's abstract with raw LaTeX in it, e.g. this paper. Is there a plugin available for Firefox, or would it be possible to write one, that renders LaTeX within pages that do not provide a rendering mechanism themselves? (The LaTeX would be enclosed within dollar signs, e.g. $\pi$. See the arXiv link above.) Some notes: It may be impossible to render some of the code, because authors often copy-paste code directly from their source TeX files, which may contain things like "\cite{foo}" or undefined commands. These should be left alone. This question is a repost of a question from MathOverflow that was closed for not being related to math. There is one answer there, which is helpful, but perhaps Stack Overflow can provide better answers. I program a lot, but Javascript is not my specialty, so comments along the lines of "look at this library" are not particularly helpful to me (but may be to others).

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  • What is the best way to automatically transpose a LilyPond source file into multiple keys?

    - by Michael Steele
    problem I'm using LilyPond to typeset sheet music for a church choir to perform. Depending on who is available on any given week, songs will be played in various keys. We have an amazing pianist who can play anything we throw at her and the guitarists will typically pencil in alternate chords, but I want to make things easier by having beautifully typeset sheet music available in any key we want. So say we're going to sing our ABCs. First I'll take whatever source transcriptions available and enter it into a LilyPond script: melody = \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } I want the ability to transpose this automatically, so if I want the whole thing in 'G' I wrap the song in a \transpose call like so: melody = \transpose c g \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } What I really want is to substitute something for the 'g' and generate the output for melody multiple times. Simple LilyPond variables don't seem to work here, and so far I've been unsuccessful in defining a scheme function to do this. What I've resorted to for the moment is taking the above file, call it twinkle.ly and turning it into an M4 script called twinkle.ly.m4, the contents of which look like this: melody = \transpose c _key \relative c' { c c g g a a g2 f f e e d d c2 } I then compile the while thing by executing the following line: > m4 -D _key=g twinkle.ly.m4 > twinkle_g.ly && lilypond twinkle_g.ly I've written a Makefile to do this for me, defining rules for every song I have and every key I'm interested in. question There's got to be a better way of going about this. Given that Lilypond supports embedded scheme, I would prefer to not use a macro preprocessed on it. Has anybody else come up with a solution to this same problem?

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  • LaTeX - vertical space equivalent of \makebox ?

    - by Rory
    I'm making a LaTeX document and I'm getting success with \makebox, which puts text in an invisible box and will add extra horizontal whitespace to the end to make the whole thing fit within the size you specify. Is there something like that for vertical space? I have a few variable length paragraphs, images, etc. that I want to put in this vertical box. I want LaTeX to put in the right amount of vertical space (at the bottom) so that the whole thing is of the set size that I give it.

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  • Adding an equation or formula to a figure caption in LaTeX

    - by gotgenes
    I have a figure in LaTeX with a caption to which I need to add a formula (equation* or displaymath environments). For example: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \begin{document} \begin{figure}[tbph] \begin{center} %... \end{center} \caption{As you can see \begin{displaymath}4 \ne 5\end{displaymath} } \label{fig:somefig} \end{figure} \end{document} This makes pdflatex angry, though it will produce a PDF. ! Argument of \@caption has an extra }. <inserted text> \par l.9 } What's the right way to go about adding an equation to a figure caption? NOTE: Please do not suggest simply using the $ ... $ math environment; the equation shown is a toy example; my real equation is much more intricate. See also: Adding a caption to an equation in LaTeX (the reverse of this question)

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  • Best method of including an abstract in a latex 'book'?

    - by olan
    Hello there. I've been looking for the answer to this question for a while now but can't seem to find it, so I'm hoping someone on here can help me. I'm writing up a thesis in Latex, and really like the \frontmatter, \mainmatter and \backmatter ability when using the "book" environment. However I need to add an abstract and the \begin{abstract} environment is undefined when creating a "book". If I change to a "report" however, I lose the functionality of the *matter terms. So what I really need to know is: is there a simple method of including an abstract in a "book" and have it formatted the same as it would be in a "report"? (i.e. centered vertically and horizontally with an 'abstract' heading) Thanks for any help! First post on stackoverflow after reading for months!

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  • typeset problem/solution pair (example) in latex

    - by FurtiveFelon
    Hey guys, I'd like to know if there is a way in latex to show the following: Example 1: problem statement here Solution: solution here and wrap that in a box so that it will be noticeable. Seems like a common enough problem that there should be ready made solutions If there are any suggestions it would be much appreciated!

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  • What are the core mathematical concepts a good developer should know?

    - by Jose B.
    Since Graduating from a very small school in 2006 with a badly shaped & outdated program (I'm a foreigner & didn't know any better school at the time) I've come to realize that I missed a lot of basic concepts from a mathematical & software perspective that are mostly the foundations of other higher concepts. I.e. I tried to listen/watch the open courseware from MIT on Introduction to Algorithms but quickly realized I was missing several mathematical concepts to better understand the course. So what are the core mathematical concepts a good software engineer should know? And what are the possible books/sites you will recommend me?

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  • What's a good library for parsing mathematical expressions in java?

    - by CSharperWithJava
    I'm an Android Developer and as part of my next app I will need to evaluate a large variety of user created mathematical expressions and equations. I am looking for a good java library that is lightweight and can evaluate mathematical expressions using user defined variables and constants, trig and exponential functions, etc. I've looked around and Jep seems to be popular, but I would like to hear more suggestions, especially from people who have used these libraries before.

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  • Dijkstra’s algorithm and functions

    - by baris_a
    Hi guys, the question is: suppose I have an input function like sin(2-cos(3*A/B)^2.5)+0.756*(C*D+3-B) specified with a BNF, I will parse input using recursive descent algorithm, and then how can I use or change Dijkstra’s algorithm to handle this given function? After parsing this input function, I need to execute it with variable inputs, where Dijkstra’s algorithm should do the work. Thanks in advance. EDIT: May be I should ask also: What is the best practice or data structure to represent given function?

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  • 3 dimensional bin packing algorithms

    - by BuschnicK
    I'm faced with a 3 dimensional bin packing problem and am currently conducting some preliminary research as to which algorithms/heuristics are currently yielding the best results. Since the problem is NP hard I do not expect to find the optimal solution in every case, but I was wondering: 1) what are the best exact solvers? Branch and Bound? What problem instance sizes can I expect to solve with reasonable computing resources? 2) what are the best heuristic solvers? 3) What off-the-shelf solutions exist to conduct some experiments with?

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  • Best open source Mixed Integer Optimization Solver

    - by Mark
    I am using CPLEX for solving huge optimization models (more than 100k variables) now I'd like to see if I can find an open source alternative, I solve mixed integer problems (MILP) and CPLEX works great but it is very expensive if we want to scale so I really need to find an alternative or start writing our own ad-hoc optimization library (which will be painful) Any suggestion/insight would be much appreciated

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  • Collision Attacks, Message Digests and a Possible solution

    - by Dominar
    I've been doing some preliminary research in the area of message digests. Specifically collision attacks of cryptographic hash functions such as MD5 and SHA-1, such as the Postscript example and X.509 certificate duplicate. From what I can tell in the case of the postscript attack, specific data was generated and embedded within the header of the postscript (which is ignored during rendering) which brought about the internal state of the md5 to a state such that the modified wording of the document would lead to a final MD equivalent to the original. The X.509 took a similar approach where by data was injected within the comment/whitespace of the certificate. Ok so here is my question, and I can't seem to find anyone asking this question: Why isn't the length of ONLY the data being consumed added as a final block to the MD calculation? In the case of X.509 - Why is the whitespace and comments being taken into account as part of the MD? Wouldn't a simple processes such as one of the following be enough to resolve the proposed collision attacks: MD(M + |M|) = xyz MD(M + |M| + |M| * magicseed_0 +...+ |M| * magicseed_n) = xyz where : M : is the message |M| : size of the message MD : is the message digest function (eg: md5, sha, whirlpool etc) xyz : is the acutal message digest value for the message M magicseed_{i}: Is a set random values generated with seed based on the internal-state prior to the size being added. This technqiue should work, as to date all such collision attacks rely on adding more data to the original message. In short, the level of difficulty involved in generating a collision message such that: It not only generates the same MD But is also comprehensible/parsible/compliant and is also the same size as the original message, is immensely difficult if not near impossible. Has this approach ever been discussed? Any links to papers etc would be nice.

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  • Optimizing mathematics on arrays of floats in Ada 95 with GNATC

    - by mat_geek
    Consider the bellow code. This code is supposed to be processing data at a fixed rate, in one second batches, It is part of an overal system and can't take up too much time. When running over 100 lots of 1 seconds worth of data the program takes 35 seconds; or 35%. How do I improce the code to get the processing time down to a minimum? The code will be running on an Intel Pentium-M which is a P3 with SSE2. package FF is new Ada.Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions(Float); N : constant Integer := 820; type A is array(1 .. N) of Float; type A3 is array(1 .. 3) of A; procedure F(state : in out A3; result : out A3; l : in A; r : in A) is s : Float; t : Float; begin for i in 1 .. N loop t := l(i) + r(i); t := t / 2.0; state(1)(i) := t; state(2)(i) := t * 0.25 + state(2)(i) * 0.75; state(3)(i) := t * 1.0 /64.0 + state(2)(i) * 63.0 /64.0; for r in 1 .. 3 loop s := state(r)(i); t := FF."**"(s, 6.0) + 14.0; if t > MAX then t := MAX; elsif t < MIN then t := MIN; end if; result(r)(i) := FF.Log(t, 2.0); end loop; end loop; end;

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  • Optimizing mathematics on arrays of floats in Ada 95 with GNAT

    - by mat_geek
    Consider the bellow code. This code is supposed to be processing data at a fixed rate, in one second batches, It is part of an overal system and can't take up too much time. When running over 100 lots of 1 seconds worth of data the program takes 35 seconds (or 35%), executing this function in a loop. The test loop is timed specifically with Ada.RealTime. The data is pregenerated so the majority of the execution time is definatetly in this loop. How do I improce the code to get the processing time down to a minimum? The code will be running on an Intel Pentium-M which is a P3 with SSE2. package FF is new Ada.Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions(Float); N : constant Integer := 820; type A is array(1 .. N) of Float; type A3 is array(1 .. 3) of A; procedure F(state : in out A3; result : out A3; l : in A; r : in A) is s : Float; t : Float; begin for i in 1 .. N loop t := l(i) + r(i); t := t / 2.0; state(1)(i) := t; state(2)(i) := t * 0.25 + state(2)(i) * 0.75; state(3)(i) := t * 1.0 /64.0 + state(2)(i) * 63.0 /64.0; for r in 1 .. 3 loop s := state(r)(i); t := FF."**"(s, 6.0) + 14.0; if t > MAX then t := MAX; elsif t < MIN then t := MIN; end if; result(r)(i) := FF.Log(t, 2.0); end loop; end loop; end; psuedocode for testing create two arrays of 80 random A3 arrays, called ls and rs; init the state and result A3 array record the realtime time now, called last for i in 1 .. 100 loop for j in 1 .. 80 loop F(state, result, ls(j), rs(j)); end loop; end loop; record the realtime time now, called curr output the duration between curr and last

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  • Code optimization on minutes pr hour calculation

    - by corger
    Hi All, The following code takes a timeframe in minutes since midnight and creates an array with minutes pr hour. But, it's slow. Any better suggestions out there? (no, changing language is not an option :-) ) Const clDeparture As Long = 123 Const clArrival As Long = 233 Dim lHour As Long Dim lMinute As Long Dim alHour(25) As Long For lMinute = 0 To 1440 If lMinute >= clDeparture And lMinute < clArrival Then alHour(Int(lMinute / 60)) = alHour(Int(lMinute / 60)) + 1 End If Next The array should now contain: (0,0) (1,0) (2,57) (3,53) (4,0) ..... Regards

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