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  • ANTS Memory Profiler 7.0 Review

    - by Michael B. McLaughlin
    (This is my first review as a part of the GeeksWithBlogs.net Influencers program. It’s a program in which I (and the others who have been selected for it) get the opportunity to check out new products and services and write reviews about them. We don’t get paid for this, but we do generally get to keep a copy of the software or retain an account for some period of time on the service that we review. In this case I received a copy of Red Gate Software’s ANTS Memory Profiler 7.0, which was released in January. I don’t have any upgrade rights nor is my review guided, restrained, influenced, or otherwise controlled by Red Gate or anyone else. But I do get to keep the software license. I will always be clear about what I received whenever I do a review – I leave it up to you to decide whether you believe I can be objective. I believe I can be. If I used something and really didn’t like it, keeping a copy of it wouldn’t be worth anything to me. In that case though, I would simply uninstall/deactivate/whatever the software or service and tell the company what I didn’t like about it so they could (hopefully) make it better in the future. I don’t think it’d be polite to write up a terrible review, nor do I think it would be a particularly good use of my time. There are people who get paid for a living to review things, so I leave it to them to tell you what they think is bad and why. I’ll only spend my time telling you about things I think are good.) Overview of Common .NET Memory Problems When coming to land of managed memory from the wilds of unmanaged code, it’s easy to say to one’s self, “Wow! Now I never have to worry about memory problems again!” But this simply isn’t true. Managed code environments, such as .NET, make many, many things easier. You will never have to worry about memory corruption due to a bad pointer, for example (unless you’re working with unsafe code, of course). But managed code has its own set of memory concerns. For example, failing to unsubscribe from events when you are done with them leaves the publisher of an event with a reference to the subscriber. If you eliminate all your own references to the subscriber, then that memory is effectively lost since the GC won’t delete it because of the publishing object’s reference. When the publishing object itself becomes subject to garbage collection then you’ll get that memory back finally, but that could take a very long time depending of the life of the publisher. Another common source of resource leaks is failing to properly release unmanaged resources. When writing a class that contains members that hold unmanaged resources (e.g. any of the Stream-derived classes, IsolatedStorageFile, most classes ending in “Reader” or “Writer”), you should always implement IDisposable, making sure to use a properly written Dispose method. And when you are using an instance of a class that implements IDisposable, you should always make sure to use a 'using' statement in order to ensure that the object’s unmanaged resources are disposed of properly. (A ‘using’ statement is a nicer, cleaner looking, and easier to use version of a try-finally block. The compiler actually translates it as though it were a try-finally block. Note that Code Analysis warning 2202 (CA2202) will often be triggered by nested using blocks. A properly written dispose method ensures that it only runs once such that calling dispose multiple times should not be a problem. Nonetheless, CA2202 exists and if you want to avoid triggering it then you should write your code such that only the innermost IDisposable object uses a ‘using’ statement, with any outer code making use of appropriate try-finally blocks instead). Then, of course, there are situations where you are operating in a memory-constrained environment or else you want to limit or even eliminate allocations within a certain part of your program (e.g. within the main game loop of an XNA game) in order to avoid having the GC run. On the Xbox 360 and Windows Phone 7, for example, for every 1 MB of heap allocations you make, the GC runs; the added time of a GC collection can cause a game to drop frames or run slowly thereby making it look bad. Eliminating allocations (or else minimizing them and calling an explicit Collect at an appropriate time) is a common way of avoiding this (the other way is to simplify your heap so that the GC’s latency is low enough not to cause performance issues). ANTS Memory Profiler 7.0 When the opportunity to review Red Gate’s recently released ANTS Memory Profiler 7.0 arose, I jumped at it. In order to review it, I was given a free copy (which does not include upgrade rights for future versions) which I am allowed to keep. For those of you who are familiar with ANTS Memory Profiler, you can find a list of new features and enhancements here. If you are an experienced .NET developer who is familiar with .NET memory management issues, ANTS Memory Profiler is great. More importantly still, if you are new to .NET development or you have no experience or limited experience with memory profiling, ANTS Memory Profiler is awesome. From the very beginning, it guides you through the process of memory profiling. If you’re experienced and just want dive in however, it doesn’t get in your way. The help items GAHSFLASHDAJLDJA are well designed and located right next to the UI controls so that they are easy to find without being intrusive. When you first launch it, it presents you with a “Getting Started” screen that contains links to “Memory profiling video tutorials”, “Strategies for memory profiling”, and the “ANTS Memory Profiler forum”. I’m normally the kind of person who looks at a screen like that only to find the “Don’t show this again” checkbox. Since I was doing a review, though, I decided I should examine them. I was pleasantly surprised. The overview video clocks in at three minutes and fifty seconds. It begins by showing you how to get started profiling an application. It explains that profiling is done by taking memory snapshots periodically while your program is running and then comparing them. ANTS Memory Profiler (I’m just going to call it “ANTS MP” from here) analyzes these snapshots in the background while your application is running. It briefly mentions a new feature in Version 7, a new API that give you the ability to trigger snapshots from within your application’s source code (more about this below). You can also, and this is the more common way you would do it, take a memory snapshot at any time from within the ANTS MP window by clicking the “Take Memory Snapshot” button in the upper right corner. The overview video goes on to demonstrate a basic profiling session on an application that pulls information from a database and displays it. It shows how to switch which snapshots you are comparing, explains the different sections of the Summary view and what they are showing, and proceeds to show you how to investigate memory problems using the “Instance Categorizer” to track the path from an object (or set of objects) to the GC’s root in order to find what things along the path are holding a reference to it/them. For a set of objects, you can then click on it and get the “Instance List” view. This displays all of the individual objects (including their individual sizes, values, etc.) of that type which share the same path to the GC root. You can then click on one of the objects to generate an “Instance Retention Graph” view. This lets you track directly up to see the reference chain for that individual object. In the overview video, it turned out that there was an event handler which was holding on to a reference, thereby keeping a large number of strings that should have been freed in memory. Lastly the video shows the “Class List” view, which lets you dig in deeply to find problems that might not have been clear when following the previous workflow. Once you have at least one memory snapshot you can begin analyzing. The main interface is in the “Analysis” tab. You can also switch to the “Session Overview” tab, which gives you several bar charts highlighting basic memory data about the snapshots you’ve taken. If you hover over the individual bars (and the individual colors in bars that have more than one), you will see a detailed text description of what the bar is representing visually. The Session Overview is good for a quick summary of memory usage and information about the different heaps. You are going to spend most of your time in the Analysis tab, but it’s good to remember that the Session Overview is there to give you some quick feedback on basic memory usage stats. As described above in the summary of the overview video, there is a certain natural workflow to the Analysis tab. You’ll spin up your application and take some snapshots at various times such as before and after clicking a button to open a window or before and after closing a window. Taking these snapshots lets you examine what is happening with memory. You would normally expect that a lot of memory would be freed up when closing a window or exiting a document. By taking snapshots before and after performing an action like that you can see whether or not the memory is really being freed. If you already know an area that’s giving you trouble, you can run your application just like normal until just before getting to that part and then you can take a few strategic snapshots that should help you pin down the problem. Something the overview didn’t go into is how to use the “Filters” section at the bottom of ANTS MP together with the Class List view in order to narrow things down. The video tutorials page has a nice 3 minute intro video called “How to use the filters”. It’s a nice introduction and covers some of the basics. I’m going to cover a bit more because I think they’re a really neat, really helpful feature. Large programs can bring up thousands of classes. Even simple programs can instantiate far more classes than you might realize. In a basic .NET 4 WPF application for example (and when I say basic, I mean just MainWindow.xaml with a button added to it), the unfiltered Class List view will have in excess of 1000 classes (my simple test app had anywhere from 1066 to 1148 classes depending on which snapshot I was using as the “Current” snapshot). This is amazing in some ways as it shows you how in stark detail just how immensely powerful the WPF framework is. But hunting through 1100 classes isn’t productive, no matter how cool it is that there are that many classes instantiated and doing all sorts of awesome things. Let’s say you wanted to examine just the classes your application contains source code for (in my simple example, that would be the MainWindow and App). Under “Basic Filters”, click on “Classes with source” under “Show only…”. Voilà. Down from 1070 classes in the snapshot I was using as “Current” to 2 classes. If you then click on a class’s name, it will show you (to the right of the class name) two little icon buttons. Hover over them and you will see that you can click one to view the Instance Categorizer for the class and another to view the Instance List for the class. You can also show classes based on which heap they live on. If you chose both a Baseline snapshot and a Current snapshot then you can use the “Comparing snapshots” filters to show only: “New objects”; “Surviving objects”; “Survivors in growing classes”; or “Zombie objects” (if you aren’t sure what one of these means, you can click the helpful “?” in a green circle icon to bring up a popup that explains them and provides context). Remember that your selection(s) under the “Show only…” heading will still apply, so you should update those selections to make sure you are seeing the view you want. There are also links under the “What is my memory problem?” heading that can help you diagnose the problems you are seeing including one for “I don’t know which kind I have” for situations where you know generally that your application has some problems but aren’t sure what the behavior you have been seeing (OutOfMemoryExceptions, continually growing memory usage, larger memory use than expected at certain points in the program). The Basic Filters are not the only filters there are. “Filter by Object Type” gives you the ability to filter by: “Objects that are disposable”; “Objects that are/are not disposed”; “Objects that are/are not GC roots” (GC roots are things like static variables); and “Objects that implement _______”. “Objects that implement” is particularly neat. Once you check the box, you can then add one or more classes and interfaces that an object must implement in order to survive the filtering. Lastly there is “Filter by Reference”, which gives you the option to pare down the list based on whether an object is “Kept in memory exclusively by” a particular item, a class/interface, or a namespace; whether an object is “Referenced by” one or more of those choices; and whether an object is “Never referenced by” one or more of those choices. Remember that filtering is cumulative, so anything you had set in one of the filter sections still remains in effect unless and until you go back and change it. There’s quite a bit more to ANTS MP – it’s a very full featured product – but I think I touched on all of the most significant pieces. You can use it to debug: a .NET executable; an ASP.NET web application (running on IIS); an ASP.NET web application (running on Visual Studio’s built-in web development server); a Silverlight 4 browser application; a Windows service; a COM+ server; and even something called an XBAP (local XAML browser application). You can also attach to a .NET 4 process to profile an application that’s already running. The startup screen also has a large number of “Charting Options” that let you adjust which statistics ANTS MP should collect. The default selection is a good, minimal set. It’s worth your time to browse through the charting options to examine other statistics that may also help you diagnose a particular problem. The more statistics ANTS MP collects, the longer it will take to collect statistics. So just turning everything on is probably a bad idea. But the option to selectively add in additional performance counters from the extensive list could be a very helpful thing for your memory profiling as it lets you see additional data that might provide clues about a particular problem that has been bothering you. ANTS MP integrates very nicely with all versions of Visual Studio that support plugins (i.e. all of the non-Express versions). Just note that if you choose “Profile Memory” from the “ANTS” menu that it will launch profiling for whichever project you have set as the Startup project. One quick tip from my experience so far using ANTS MP: if you want to properly understand your memory usage in an application you’ve written, first create an “empty” version of the type of project you are going to profile (a WPF application, an XNA game, etc.) and do a quick profiling session on that so that you know the baseline memory usage of the framework itself. By “empty” I mean just create a new project of that type in Visual Studio then compile it and run it with profiling – don’t do anything special or add in anything (except perhaps for any external libraries you’re planning to use). The first thing I tried ANTS MP out on was a demo XNA project of an editor that I’ve been working on for quite some time that involves a custom extension to XNA’s content pipeline. The first time I ran it and saw the unmanaged memory usage I was convinced I had some horrible bug that was creating extra copies of texture data (the demo project didn’t have a lot of texture data so when I saw a lot of unmanaged memory I instantly figured I was doing something wrong). Then I thought to run an empty project through and when I saw that the amount of unmanaged memory was virtually identical, it dawned on me that the CLR itself sits in unmanaged memory and that (thankfully) there was nothing wrong with my code! Quite a relief. Earlier, when discussing the overview video, I mentioned the API that lets you take snapshots from within your application. I gave it a quick trial and it’s very easy to integrate and make use of and is a really nice addition (especially for projects where you want to know what, if any, allocations there are in a specific, complicated section of code). The only concern I had was that if I hadn’t watched the overview video I might never have known it existed. Even then it took me five minutes of hunting around Red Gate’s website before I found the “Taking snapshots from your code" article that explains what DLL you need to add as a reference and what method of what class you should call in order to take an automatic snapshot (including the helpful warning to wrap it in a try-catch block since, under certain circumstances, it can raise an exception, such as trying to call it more than 5 times in 30 seconds. The difficulty in discovering and then finding information about the automatic snapshots API was one thing I thought could use improvement. Another thing I think would make it even better would be local copies of the webpages it links to. Although I’m generally always connected to the internet, I imagine there are more than a few developers who aren’t or who are behind very restrictive firewalls. For them (and for me, too, if my internet connection happens to be down), it would be nice to have those documents installed locally or to have the option to download an additional “documentation” package that would add local copies. Another thing that I wish could be easier to manage is the Filters area. Finding and setting individual filters is very easy as is understanding what those filter do. And breaking it up into three sections (basic, by object, and by reference) makes sense. But I could easily see myself running a long profiling session and forgetting that I had set some filter a long while earlier in a different filter section and then spending quite a bit of time trying to figure out why some problem that was clearly visible in the data wasn’t showing up in, e.g. the instance list before remembering to check all the filters for that one setting that was only culling a few things from view. Some sort of indicator icon next to the filter section names that appears you have at least one filter set in that area would be a nice visual clue to remind me that “oh yeah, I told it to only show objects on the Gen 2 heap! That’s why I’m not seeing those instances of the SuperMagic class!” Something that would be nice (but that Red Gate cannot really do anything about) would be if this could be used in Windows Phone 7 development. If Microsoft and Red Gate could work together to make this happen (even if just on the WP7 emulator), that would be amazing. Especially given the memory constraints that apps and games running on mobile devices need to work within, a good memory profiler would be a phenomenally helpful tool. If anyone at Microsoft reads this, it’d be really great if you could make something like that happen. Perhaps even a (subsidized) custom version just for WP7 development. (For XNA games, of course, you can create a Windows version of the game and use ANTS MP on the Windows version in order to get a better picture of your memory situation. For Silverlight on WP7, though, there’s quite a bit of educated guess work and WeakReference creation followed by forced collections in order to find the source of a memory problem.) The only other thing I found myself wanting was a “Back” button. Between my Windows Phone 7, Zune, and other things, I’ve grown very used to having a “back stack” that lets me just navigate back to where I came from. The ANTS MP interface is surprisingly easy to use given how much it lets you do, and once you start using it for any amount of time, you learn all of the different areas such that you know where to go. And it does remember the state of the areas you were previously in, of course. So if you go to, e.g., the Instance Retention Graph from the Class List and then return back to the Class List, it will remember which class you had selected and all that other state information. Still, a “Back” button would be a welcome addition to a future release. Bottom Line ANTS Memory Profiler is not an inexpensive tool. But my time is valuable. I can easily see ANTS MP saving me enough time tracking down memory problems to justify it on a cost basis. More importantly to me, knowing what is happening memory-wise in my programs and having the confidence that my code doesn’t have any hidden time bombs in it that will cause it to OOM if I leave it running for longer than I do when I spin it up real quickly for debugging or just to see how a new feature looks and feels is a good feeling. It’s a feeling that I like having and want to continue to have. I got the current version for free in order to review it. Having done so, I’ve now added it to my must-have tools and will gladly lay out the money for the next version when it comes out. It has a 14 day free trial, so if you aren’t sure if it’s right for you or if you think it seems interesting but aren’t really sure if it’s worth shelling out the money for it, give it a try.

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  • Move the Status Bar Web Address Display to the Address Bar

    - by Asian Angel
    Is the ability to see the addresses for weblinks the only reason that you keep the Status Bar visible? Now you can hide the Status Bar and move that address display to the Address Bar in Firefox. Before Here is the normal “Status Bar” address display for the weblink we were hovering the mouse over in our browser. That is nice but if you really prefer to keep the “Status Bar” hidden what do you do? Move that display to a better (and definitely more convenient) location. After Once you have the extension installed that is all there is to it…you are ready to go. Notice the address display in “Address Bar”. That is definitely looking nice. Just for fun we temporarily left the “Status Bar” visible as a demonstration while hovering over the link. And then with the “Status Bar” totally disabled…more screen real-estate is always a good thing. Note: The Status Address Bar extension does not show the original address behind shortened URLs. Conclusion If you are looking for an alternate way to see the address behind weblinks and acquire more screen real-estate, then the Status Bar extension will be a wonderful addition to your Firefox Browser. Links Download the Status Address Bar extension (Mozilla Add-ons) Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Clear the Auto-Complete Email Address Cache in OutlookFind Out a Website’s Actual Location with FlagfoxView Website Domain Names Clearly with Locationbar2Switch MySQL to listen on TCPSave 15 Keystrokes – Use Ctrl+Enter to Complete URL TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 Awe inspiring, inter-galactic theme (Win 7) Case Study – How to Optimize Popular Wordpress Sites Restore Hidden Updates in Windows 7 & Vista Iceland an Insurance Job? Find Downloads and Add-ins for Outlook Recycle !

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  • Ballooning Mac OS X kernel_task and Wired memory usage. How to diagnose / fix?

    - by user28930
    I have a very strange issue, which I'm having a hard time diagnosing as to the root cause. I have a Mac Pro (2008, 8-core 2.8 GHz, 8800GT) with 14 GB of RAM (recently upgraded because of this issue!). When I boot my system and log in, vm_stat / top / Activity Monitor will show that kernel_task has about 150 MB allocated, and the machine has about 800 MB of Wired memory being allocated. Even initially, 800 MB seems an awful lot of wired memory to be allocated with no applications running - but, it gets worse. (NB: Wired is locked, unswappable memory) After a very short time, sometimes triggered by something as simple as launching a terminal, kernel_task will balloon to 8-900 MB of Real Mem (RSIZE), and Wired Memory will accelerate to 1.6 GB (implying that all the extra memory requests are for wired RAM in the kernel). If I quit everything (I.E: no running applications, bar an activity monitor or terminal to view top), there is no appreciable reduction in either kernel_task RSIZE, or Wired Memory usage. Going the opposite way, and loading the system with tasks also shows that wired memory does not get reduced - and that importantly it is not reduced in preference to heavy swapping. If I log out and log back in again, it reduces a bit (450 MB kernel_task, 1.28 GB Wired), but not back to the start. I'm not running any wacky kexts - and futhermore, kextstat shows no huge memory allocations there; the largest being com.apple.nvidia.nv50hal at about 4 MB of Memory. The machine feels overall more sluggish when this has happened - unsurprisingly because such a huge amount of RAM has been marked as non-pageable. So I have a few questions: 1) Is there a good way to diagnose what has allocated all of this wired memory? It's often over 2 times the kernel_task size, running no applications. The real memory total doesn't seem to add up - it seems that there is a bunch of RAM that isn't being accounted for anywhere. 2) What is happening to cause the kernel to suddenly require 6 times as much memory?

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  • OS memory allocation addresses

    - by user1777914
    Quick curious question, memory allocation addresses are choosed by the language compiler or is it the OS which chooses the addresses for the memory asked? This is from a doubt about virtual memory, where it could be quickly explained as "let the process think he owns all the memory", but what happens on 64 bits architectures where only 48 bits are used for memory addresses if the process wants a higher address? Lets say you do a int a = malloc(sizeof(int)); and you have no memory left from the previous system call so you need to ask the OS for more memory, is the compiler the one who determines the memory address to allocate this variable, or does it just ask the OS for memory and it allocates it on the address returned by it?

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  • Linux bizarre memory report

    - by Igor Liner
    I took the following meminfo captures. I don't figure out how the free memory went from 8GB to almost 25GB, when only about 4GB of slab was freed. There was no change of the proccess memory consumption on time the meminfo output was taken. First meminfo with 8GB free memory: MemTotal: 66054256 kB MemFree: 8344960 kB Buffers: 1120 kB Cached: 30172312 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 10795428 kB Inactive: 1914512 kB Active(anon): 10193124 kB Inactive(anon): 1441288 kB Active(file): 602304 kB Inactive(file): 473224 kB Unevictable: 26348912 kB Mlocked: 26348960 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 8886304 kB Mapped: 26383052 kB Shmem: 29097904 kB Slab: 6006384 kB SReclaimable: 3512404 kB SUnreclaim: 2493980 kB KernelStack: 15240 kB PageTables: 78724 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 33027128 kB Committed_AS: 44446908 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 426656 kB VmallocChunk: 34325375716 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 7696384 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 6144 kB DirectMap2M: 2058240 kB DirectMap1G: 65011712 kB Second memory capture with almost 25GB free memory: MemTotal: 66054256 kB MemFree: 24949116 kB Buffers: 1120 kB Cached: 29085016 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 10168904 kB Inactive: 1461156 kB Active(anon): 10168216 kB Inactive(anon): 1441956 kB Active(file): 688 kB Inactive(file): 19200 kB Unevictable: 26317328 kB Mlocked: 26317376 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 8861224 kB Mapped: 26351488 kB Shmem: 29066248 kB Slab: 1503440 kB SReclaimable: 232880 kB SUnreclaim: 1270560 kB KernelStack: 15256 kB PageTables: 79664 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 33027128 kB Committed_AS: 44418280 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 426656 kB VmallocChunk: 34325375716 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 7665664 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 6144 kB DirectMap2M: 2058240 kB DirectMap1G: 65011712 kB

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  • Memory Usage on Linux box does not match up with `free`

    - by Chris Lieb
    I have a Linux machine that is not running too much in the way of software, but is somehow using 1.7GB of the 2GB of the installed memory. When I run free, I get: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2072616 1979972 92644 0 164876 129740 -/+ buffers/cache: 1685356 387260 Swap: 498004 1632 496372 However, when I run ps aux, the memory usage of all processes only comes out to 295.9MB, which is a far cry from the 1.7GB of memory that free reports as used. Why is there such a discrepancy?

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  • What is Paging in memory management?

    - by Fasih Khatib
    I was just reading Operating System Principles by Silberschatz et al when I came across paging in memory management.I'm slightly confused about it. It states that Physical Memory(I assume it's RAM) is divided into frames, and logical memory is divided into pages. CPU generates logical addresses containing page number and an offset. This page number is used to retrieve the frame number from a page table which gives the base address so the physical address is calculated as base+offset. My question is: is the page table maintained for every process? I logically think that the answer would be yes as every process will need to map its own pages to frames. I may be wrong. Please clarify. Also: paging and segmentation(where 'holes' are created in memory) are two totally different techniques that are not used in combination. Correct?

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  • DNSCache excesive memory usage Windows Server 2008 R2

    - by MikeT
    We are having an issue with the dnscache service where its memory usage is becoming excessive (~6GB) after a week or two. Restarting the service frees this memory but performing ipconfig /flushdns does not, an ipconfig /displaydns shows aprox 15-20 entries in the cache. We have checked and there appears to be aprox 150 DNS queries per second taking place but I would not expect this to have the effect of causing this memory issue. I have tried to search MSDN for hotfixes or bug reports but I could only find a reference to a memory leak in windows 2003. can anyone suggest how to proceed.

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  • .NET Free memory usage (how to prevent overallocation / release memory to the OS)

    - by Ronan Thibaudau
    I'm currently working on a website that makes large use of cached data to avoid roundtrips. At startup we get a "large" graph (hundreds of thouthands of different kinds of objects). Those objects are retrieved over WCF and deserialized (we use protocol buffers for serialization) I'm using redgate's memory profiler to debug memory issues (the memory didn't seem to fit with how much memory we should need "after" we're done initializing and end up with this report Now what we can gather from this report is that: 1) Most of the memory .NET allocated is free (it may have been rightfully allocated during deserialisation, but now that it's free, i'd like for it to return to the OS) 2) Memory is fragmented (which is bad, as everytime i refresh the cash i need to redo the memory hungry deserialisation process and this, in turn creates large object that may throw an OutOfMemoryException due to fragmentation) 3) I have no clue why the space is fragmented, because when i look at the large object heap, there are only 30 instances, 15 object[] are directly attached to the GC and totally unrelated to me, 1 is a char array also attached directly to the GC Heap, the remaining 15 are mine but are not the cause of this as i get the same report if i comment them out in code. So my question is, what can i do to go further with this? I'm not really sure what to look for in debugging / tools as it seems my memory is fragmented, but not by me, and huge amounts of free spaces are allocated by .net , which i can't release. Also please make sure you understand the question well before answering, i'm not looking for a way to free memory within .net (GC.Collect), but to free memory that is already free in .net , to the system as well as to defragment said memory. Note that a slow solution is fine, if it's possible to manually defragment the large heap i'd be all for it as i can call it at the end of RefreshCache and it's ok if it takes 1 or 2 second to run. Thanks for your help! A few notes i forgot: 1) The project is a .net 2.0 website, i get the same results running it in a .net 4 pool, idem if i run it in a .net 4 pool and convert it to .net 4 and recompile. 2) These are results of a release build, so debug build can not be the issue. 3) And this is probably quite important, i do not get these issues at all in the webdev server, only in IIS, in the webdev i get memory consumption rather close to my actual consumption (well more, but not 5-10X more!)

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  • Accessing the physical IP address of a computer on my network that is no longer available

    - by floebs
    I'm trying to find out how to access the IP address of a computer (macbook pro) that I once had on my network at home. Does terminal store the 'connected' or 'linked' computer ID or IP of a networked computer anywhere that I can access after the laptop is no-longer within range? The laptop was part of my airport extreme network, its now out of range (stolen!), and I would like to know if its possible to discover the physical address of that laptop, even though I no-longer have physical access to the laptop. I have my airport extreme configured (somewhere??) to sniff out that laptop if it comes within range, and then connect to it. Where would this 'configured info' be stored on my desktop?

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  • "Cannot allocate memory" while no process seems to be using up memory

    - by omat
    I am not competent on server issues, any help is much appreciated. When try to start a python/django shell on a linux box, I am getting OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory. free -m seems to confirm I am out of memory: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 590 560 29 0 3 37 -/+ buffers/cache: 518 71 Swap: 0 0 0 But I cannot see what is eating up the memory with top or ps aux: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 24336 908 0 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.85 ksoftirqd/0 How can I identify the leak? Thanks. BTW, I am not sure if it is relevant, but the machine I am talking about is an AWS EC2 instance with Ubuntu 12 running.

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  • Programs and memory consumption [closed]

    - by cobie
    I have a 4gb ram macbook pro but I still run out of memory when I have chrome and a few other light weight applications open such as multiple windows of macvim. These programs are written in C/C++ so technically should be memory efficient but why do they suck up all these memory. is it just bad engineering or graphical user interfaces because I have read about incredible feats performed in software dev back in the early computing days with very limited memory but now it just feels like the applications expand to fill all my memory.

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  • Detecting source of memory usage on a Linux box

    - by apeace
    I have a toy Linux box with 256mb RAM running Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS. Here is the output of free -m: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 245 122 122 0 19 64 -/+ buffers/cache: 38 206 Swap: 511 0 511 Unless I'm reading this wrong, 122mb is being used and only 84mb of that is disk cache. Here are all processes I'm running sorted by memory usage (ps -eo pmem,pcpu,rss,vsize,args | sort -k 1 -r): %MEM %CPU RSS VSZ COMMAND 5.0 0.0 12648 633140 node /home/node/main/sites.js 1.5 0.0 3884 251736 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon 1.3 0.0 3328 77108 sshd: apeace [priv] 0.9 0.0 2344 19624 -bash 0.7 0.0 1776 23620 /sbin/init 0.6 0.0 1624 77108 sshd: apeace@pts/0 0.6 0.0 1544 9940 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf 0.6 0.0 1524 25848 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -u 103:105 0.5 0.0 1324 119880 rsyslogd -c4 0.4 0.0 1084 49308 /usr/sbin/sshd 0.4 0.0 1028 44376 /usr/sbin/exim4 -bd -q30m 0.3 0.0 904 6876 ps -eo pmem,pcpu,rss,vsize,args 0.3 0.0 888 21124 cron 0.3 0.0 868 23472 dbus-daemon --system --fork 0.2 0.0 732 19624 -bash 0.2 0.0 628 6128 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.2 0.0 628 16952 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon 0.2 0.0 564 16800 udevd --daemon 0.2 0.0 552 16796 udevd --daemon 0.2 0.0 548 16796 udevd --daemon 0.0 0.0 0 0 [xenwatch] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [xenbus] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [sync_supers] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [netns] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kthreadd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kswapd0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kstriped] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksnapd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kseriod] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kjournald] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [khvcd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [khelper] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [flush-202:1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [cpuset] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [bdi-default] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [async/mgr] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/0] Now, I know that ps is not the best for viewing process memory usage, but that's because it tends to report more memory than is actually being used...meaning no matter how you look at it all my processes combined shouldn't be using near 122mb, even if you account for the disk cache. What's more, memory usage is growing all the time. I've had to restart my server once a week, because once my 256mb fills up it starts swapping, which it wouldn't do just for disk cache. Shouldn't there be some way for me to see the culprit?! I'm new to server admin, so please if there's something obvious I'm overlooking point it out to me. Just for good measure, the output of cat /proc/meminfo: MemTotal: 251140 kB MemFree: 124604 kB Buffers: 20536 kB Cached: 66136 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 65004 kB Inactive: 37576 kB Active(anon): 15932 kB Inactive(anon): 164 kB Active(file): 49072 kB Inactive(file): 37412 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 524284 kB SwapFree: 524284 kB Dirty: 8 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 15916 kB Mapped: 10668 kB Shmem: 188 kB Slab: 18604 kB SReclaimable: 10088 kB SUnreclaim: 8516 kB KernelStack: 536 kB PageTables: 1444 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 649852 kB Committed_AS: 64224 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 752 kB VmallocChunk: 34359737600 kB DirectMap4k: 262144 kB DirectMap2M: 0 kB EDIT: I had misinterpreted the meaning of free -m at first. But even so: the important thing is that my OS eventually begins to use swap memory if I don't restart my server, which disk caching wouldn't do. So where do I look to see what is using all this memory?

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  • Windows7 issue in mutli- tasking and memory

    - by Nitesh
    I seeming some problem in my windows OS recently, let me first say my system configuration. processor - Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66 GHz Installed memory (RAM) - 4.00 GB (3.00 GB usable) System type - 32 bit operating system I am using two OS in this system, first one is Windows7 and the other is centOS. Well, I am using this from a long time there was no problem , and all of a sudden since from couple weeks I am facing problems in my Windows7 OS. In windows7 i was nearing using multiple jobs almost every time i log in, there was no problem but now i don't no what happen I am not able to do multiple jobs at same time. For example- 1 I am now not able to listen to music in windows media player and view photo's. All of a sudden the system stops working and does not respond and then respond after 5mins and the music get played where it got stopped after 5 mins. 2 When i start browersing internet it hangs all of sudden and doesn't respond for 2 or 3 mins and gets loading. I mean it just happens for every operation i do in the system. Even now typing was also difficult, it gets hanged very frequently even though i am doing single task. I have never come across this kind of problem before. So the first thing i did was to see the useage of the processor and the memory. Well, i thick the useage of the processor was fine, for single task the useage was some where around 3 to 5%. Well, it was something weird i found in the memory, in spite of no task that i was running it was using somewhere around 34 to 41% of memory. So i opened the task manager and click on resource monitor in performance tab. And in the memory section of the monitoring tool i found the usage of my RAM, it was something like this. Hardware reserved - 1029 MB In Use - 1430 MB Modified - 49 MB Standby - 1566 MB free - 22 MB And i could also see Available 1588 MB Cached 1615 MB Total 3067 MB Installed 4096 MB well, this if all i could find out and i have no idea why my computer is acting so weird all of a sudden and the performance problem is growing day by day and i also don't know if there is problem in Bios, i have let it for default settings from long time. please help me and Thank you in advance for reading this and helping me.

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  • Memory upgrade to 8GB on unibody MacBook

    - by dlamblin
    I bought the 13" unibody MacBook one month prior to it's upgrade to become the new improved 13" unibody MacBook Pro (with unopenable battery compartment, extra 3 hours of battery life, more color gammut, SD slot, firewire 800 port, and a new 8Gb memory limit). My MacBook says it is limited to 4GB of DDR3 1066mhz memory, in 2 SO-DIMMs. But that was written back when you couldn't get 2 4GB SO-DIMMs. Now that you can get them, the very similar MacBook Pro is shipping with 4GB standard, and can be upgraded to 8GB. I've asked (Apple reps), and I'm repeatedly told that my model cannot be upgraded to 8. When I ask for the reason they alway say: "Because that's the published limit at the time your mac was built." I find this unconvincing. If they said: "Because the memory controller in the chipset is limited to 4GB, despite being seemingly identical to the memory controller in the same chipset newest MacBook model," then I'd just take their word for it. Has anyone tried it, or found any research as to whether two 4GB DDR3 1066mhz SO-DIMMs can be installed in the unibody MacBook without FireWire?

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  • dhclient requests filling memory?

    - by shanethehat
    Dammit Jim, I'm a web developer, not a sys admin. With that out of the way, my client's has a CentOS server (6.2) that is only serving a single Magento site (and the associated MySQL server) and it is frequently running out of memory, despite the site only currently being open to 5 users. I'm investigating the logs to try to figure out why the memory usage is so high, but I don't really know what I'm looking at. It seems that there are a lot of entries in /var/log/messages concerning DHCP requests, approximately one every 15 seconds, that look like this: Apr 7 14:23:06 s15940039 dhclient[815]: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 172.30.102.85 port 67 (xid=0x6b5cd2a7) Is this normal? I don't see anything else in here that I don't recognise, but then I'm not sure I'd know the problem if I did see it. 4 days ago the server ran out of memory completely and locked up, requiring a restart. The DHCP messages did not start up again for 23 hours, but then carried on as before. I have read this question which describes the same issue, but in my case a fresh DHCP lease does not ever seem to be issued. Is this something I should push back to the hosting provider, or have I not yet found the source of the memory problem?

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  • What causes memory fragmentation in .NET

    - by Matt
    I am using Red Gates ANTS memory profiler to debug a memory leak. It keeps warning me that: Memory Fragmentation may be causing .NET to reserver too much free memory. or Memory Fragmentation is affecting the size of the largest object that can be allocated Because I have OCD, this problem must be resolved. What are some standard coding practices that help avoid memory fragmentation. Can you defragment it through some .NET methods? Would it even help?

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  • Analyzing Memory Usage: Java vs C++ Negligible?

    - by Anthony
    How does the memory usage of an integer object written in Java compare\contrast with the memory usage of a integer object written in C++? Is the difference negligible? No difference? A big difference? I'm guessing it's the same because an int is an int regardless of the language (?) The reason why I asked this is because I was reading about the importance of knowing when a program's memory requirements will prevent the programmer from solving a given problem. What fascinated me is the amount of memory required for creating a single Java object. Take for example, an integer object. Correct me if I'm wrong but a Java integer object requires 24 bytes of memory: 4 bytes for its int instance variable 16 bytes of overhead (reference to the object's class, garbage collection info & synchronization info) 4 bytes of padding As another example, a Java array (which is implemented as an object) requires 48+bytes: 24 bytes of header info 16 bytes of object overhead 4 bytes for length 4 bytes for padding plus the memory needed to store the values How do these memory usages compare with the same code written in C++? I used to be oblivious about the memory usage of the C++ and Java programs I wrote, but now that I'm beginning to learn about algorithms, I'm having a greater appreciation for the computer's resources.

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  • Sun T5120: Memory issue with 8GB DIMMs, "Unsupported memory configuration"

    - by watain
    I'm trying to upgrade RAM in a Sun T5120 server, replacing 2GB (Sun P/N: 501-7953-01) with 8GB DIMMs (Sun P/N: 511-1262-01). When bringing up the host system, I get the following errors on the ILOM: -> show faulty Target | Property | Value --------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------- /SP/faultmgmt/0 | fru | /SYS/MB /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:42 faults/0 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU3 Forced fail faults/0 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:28 faults/1 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU2 Forced fail faults/1 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:13 faults/2 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU1 Forced fail faults/2 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:28:59 faults/3 | | /SP/faultmgmt/0/ | sp_detected_fault | /SYS/MB/CMP0/MCU0 Forced fail faults/3 | | (IBIST) /SP/faultmgmt/1 | fru | /SYS /SP/faultmgmt/1/ | timestamp | Dec 14 15:29:42 faults/0 | | /SP/faultmgmt/1/ | sp_detected_fault | Dec 14 15:29:42 ERROR: faults/0 | | Unsupported memory | | configuration As you can see, the only error message I get is "Unsupported memory configuration". Note that I'm absolutely sure that I placed in the DIMMs in the correct slots. Might this issue be related to the Voltage of the DIMMs? Any suggestions on how to trouble-shoot this issue? This issue seems to be similar to the one explained at "Inserted disabled" while upgrading Sun Sparc t5120 memory. However the given link http://docs.sun.com/source/820-4445-10/chapter1.html seems to point to an inexistent page...

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  • iPhone - Memory Management - Using Leaks tool and getting some bizarre readings.

    - by Robert
    Hey all, putting the finishing touches on a project of mine so I figured I would run through it and see if and where I had any memory leaks. Found and fixed most of them but there are a couple of things regarding the memory leaks and object alloc that I am confused about. 1) There are 2 memory leaks that do not show me as responsible. There are 8 leaks attributed to AudioToolbox with the function being RegisterEmbeddedAudioCodecs(). This accounts for about 1.5 kb of leaks. The other one is detected immediately when the app begins. Core Graphics is responsible with the extra info being open_handle_to_dylib_path. For the audio leak I have looked over my audio code and to me it seems ok. self.musicPlayer = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:songFilePath] error:NULL]; [musicPlayer prepareToPlay]; [musicPlayer play] is called later on in a function. 2) Is it normal for there to be a spike in Object Allocation whenever a new view or controller is presented? My total memory usage is very, very low except for whenever I present a view controller. It spikes then immediately goes back down. I am guessing that this is just the phone handling all the information for switching or something. Blegh. Wall of text. Thanks in advance to anyone who helps! =)

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  • Out of memory Problem

    - by Sunil
    I'm running a C++ program in Ubuntu 10.04 (32-bit system architecture). If I calculate the amount of memory that my program uses, it comes up to 800MB. I have a 4GB RAM in place. But still before the program even finishes it throws an out of memory exception. Why is that happening ? Is it because of the structure of the memory or implementation problems or what could possibly trigger this issue ? I've had seen this problem quite a number of times before but never understood the reason behind it. Have any of you handled this case before ?

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  • IP address from a MAC address

    - by acermate433s
    I'm writing a class to integrate a POS card reader device to our software. In order for it to work I must know what IP it's using. We were given some sample code by the service provider and the way they do this is they open a website (http://www.ebizchargeemv.com/getip.php?mac={MAC address of device}) and it would return the IP address of the device. The device I'm using is a POSLynx220 Mini. It has an ethernet port that connects to the internet to communicate with the service provider. I send TCP data to it and the device then controls a PIN pad that prompts a client to swipe his card. It's probably a mini computer that communicates with the service provider and uses the PIN pad as its input device. Just being curious but how did they implement this? Are they implementing it using ARP? I'm planning on not using their website to determine the IP of the device. I've seen some code that uses ARP but using executing ARP in one of the PC didn't detect the POS device.

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  • Munin fills server memory

    - by danilo
    In the last weeks, it happened several times to me that my vserver (Debian Lenny) was out of RAM (500M) and therefore wasn't able to run apache anymore. When looking at the processes with top, I saw that there were many open munin-limits and munin-cron processes that consumed most of the memory. My guess would be that sometimes Apache temporarily needs more memory, which prevents munin-cron from running. And if munin-cron isn't able to stop itself, it would fill the memory until nothing is left. I don't know whether this guess is true, but could maybe someone know what the problem is and how to prevent it? If necessary I'll remove munin, but I'd prefer to keep it running.

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  • How is dynamic memory allocation handled when extreme reliability is required?

    - by sharptooth
    Looks like dynamic memory allocation without garbage collection is a way to disaster. Dangling pointers there, memory leaks here. Very easy to plant an error that is sometimes hard to find and that has severe consequences. How are these problems addressed when mission-critical programs are written? I mean if I write a program that controls a spaceship like Voyager 1 that has to run for years and leave a smallest leak that leak can accumulate and halt the program sooner or later and when that happens it translates into epic fail. How is dynamic memory allocation handled when a program needs to be extremely reliable?

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