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  • Shall I optimize or let compiler to do that?

    - by Knowing me knowing you
    What is the preferred method of writing loops according to efficiency: Way a) /*here I'm hoping that compiler will optimize this code and won't be calling size every time it iterates through this loop*/ for (unsigned i = firstString.size(); i < anotherString.size(), ++i) { //do something } or maybe should I do it this way: Way b) unsigned first = firstString.size(); unsigned second = anotherString.size(); and now I can write: for (unsigned i = first; i < second, ++i) { //do something } the second way seems to me like worse option for two reasons: scope polluting and verbosity but it has the advantage of being sure that size() will be invoked once for each object. Looking forward to your answers.

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  • Trouble compiling MonoDevelop 4 on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Mehran
    I'm trying to compile the latest version of MonoDevelop (4.0.9) on my Ubuntu 12.04 and I'm facing errors I can not overcome. Here are my machine's configurations: OS: Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit Mono: version 3.0.12 And here are the commands that I ran to download MonoDevelop: $ git clone git://github.com/mono/monodevelop.git $ cd monodevelop $ git submodule init $ git submodule update And afterwards to compile: ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono` --profile=stable make Then I faced the following errors (sorry if it's long): ... Building ./Main.sln xbuild /verbosity:quiet /nologo /property:CodePage=65001 ./Main.sln /property:Configuration=Debug /home/mehran/git/monodevelop/main/Main.sln: warning : Don't know how to handle GlobalSection MonoDevelopProperties.Debug, Ignoring. : warning CS1685: The predefined type `System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ExtensionAttribute' is defined in multiple assemblies. Using definition from `mscorlib' /usr/lib/mono/4.0/Microsoft.CSharp.targets: error : Compiler crashed with code: 1. : warning CS1685: The predefined type `System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ExtensionAttribute' is defined in multiple assemblies. Using definition from `mscorlib' Editor/IDocument.cs(98,30): warning CS0419: Ambiguous reference in cref attribute `GetOffset'. Assuming `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Editor.IDocument.GetOffset(int, int)' but other overloads including `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Editor.IDocument.GetOffset(ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TextLocation)' have also matched PatternMatching/INode.cs(51,37): warning CS1574: XML comment on `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.PatternMatching.PatternExtensions.Match(this ICSharpCode.NRefactory.PatternMatching.INode, ICSharpCode.NRefactory.PatternMatching.INode)' has cref attribute `PatternMatching.Match.Success' that could not be resolved TextLocation.cs(35,23): warning CS0419: Ambiguous reference in cref attribute `Editor.IDocument.GetOffset'. Assuming `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Editor.IDocument.GetOffset(int, int)' but other overloads including `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Editor.IDocument.GetOffset(ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TextLocation)' have also matched TypeSystem/FullTypeName.cs(87,24): warning CS0419: Ambiguous reference in cref attribute `ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName'. Assuming `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem.ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName(string)' but other overloads including `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem.ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName(string, ref int)' have also matched TypeSystem/INamedElement.cs(59,24): warning CS0419: Ambiguous reference in cref attribute `ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName'. Assuming `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem.ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName(string)' but other overloads including `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem.ReflectionHelper.ParseReflectionName(string, ref int)' have also matched TypeSystem/IType.cs(50,26): warning CS1584: XML comment on `ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem.IType' has syntactically incorrect cref attribute `IEquatable{IType}.Equals(IType)' TypeSystem/IType.cs(319,38): warning CS1580: Invalid type for parameter `1' in XML comment cref attribute `GetMethods(Predicate{IUnresolvedMethod}, GetMemberOptions)' TypeSystem/TypeKind.cs(61,17): warning CS1580: Invalid type for parameter `1' in XML comment cref attribute `IType.GetNestedTypes(Predicate{ITypeDefinition}, GetMemberOptions)' TypeSystem/SpecialType.cs(50,52): warning CS1580: Invalid type for parameter `1' in XML comment cref attribute `IType.GetNestedTypes(Predicate{ITypeDefinition}, GetMemberOptions)' /usr/lib/mono/4.0/Microsoft.CSharp.targets: error : Compiler crashed with code: 1.

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  • Can you "swap" the Sysprep answer file in Windows 7

    - by Ben
    I have a load of new Lenovo laptops which I am due to distribute in my company. We are distributed in multiple locations and I want to ship the laptops "boxed" and untouched by IT hand for distribution. We are using LANDesk to do all the software distribution and provisioning, but are currently falling at the first hurdle as when booted, the laptops kick into the Lenovo mini-setup wizard. I assume this is because they have been sysprepped at Lenovo. In order to keep with our (almost) zero touch strategy I want the users to PXE boot into a PE of some sort, which will run a script on startup which replaces the sysprep answer file with one of my own. (i.e. prepopulated with product key, company info etc.) and then reboot to complete Sysprep. The plan is that this will run, and then install the LANDesk agent as a post-sysprep task, which in turn will complete the provisioning. Anyone have any experience / know any pitfalls to look out for / can suggest a suitable, PXE-bootable PE environment? Apologies for the verbosity of the question - it takes a bit of explaining! Thanks in advance, Ben

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  • Can't get SSH public key authentication to work

    - by Trey Parkman
    My server is running CentOS 5.3. I'm on a Mac running Leopard. I don't know which is responsible for this: I can log on to my server just fine via password authentication. I've gone through all of the steps for setting up PKA (as described at http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html), but when I use SSH, it refuses to even attempt publickey verification. Using the command ssh -vvv user@host (where -vvv cranks up verbosity to the maximum level) I get the following relevant output: debug2: key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_dsa (0x123456) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password followed by a prompt for my password. If I try to force the issue with ssh -vvv -o PreferredAuthentications=publickey user@host I get debug2: key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_dsa (0x123456) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred publickey debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: No more authentication methods to try. So, even though the server says it accepts the publickey authentication method, and my SSH client insists on it, I'm rebutted. (Note the conspicuous absence of an "Offering public key:" line above.) Any suggestions?

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  • SSH dynamic port forwarding, "Connection refused"

    - by crodjer
    I am trying to do dynamic portforwarding using openssh through a remote computer following this command: ssh -D 6789 rohan@<remote_ip> -p <remote_port> This should set up a socks server on my comp as I assume. I am able to use this for normal browsing but can't connect to IRC or remote ssh (through proxychains). I get this error: channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused A high verbosity level output of the error: $ debug1: Connection to port 6789 forwarding to socks port 0 requested. debug2: fd 9 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: fd 9 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 9 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: channel 3: new [dynamic-tcpip] debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 0 debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 4 debug2: channel 3: decode socks5 debug2: channel 3: socks5 auth done debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: need more debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 0 debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 10 debug2: channel 3: decode socks5 debug2: channel 3: socks5 post auth debug2: channel 3: dynamic request: socks5 host 4.2.2.2 port 53 command 1 debug3: Wrote 96 bytes for a total of 3335 channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused debug2: channel 3: zombie debug2: channel 3: garbage collecting debug1: channel 3: free: direct-tcpip: listening port 6789 for 4.2.2.2 port 53, connect from 127.0.0.1 port 33694, nchannels 4 debug3: channel 3: status: The following connections are open: #2 client-session (t4 r0 i0/0 o0/0 fd 6/7 cfd -1) debug3: channel 3: close_fds r 9 w 9 e -1 c -1 I googled for this too, but couldn't find any solutions.

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  • Plone site randomly serving wrong content

    - by Chris Miller
    I have a Plone site that has begun to randomly serve up the wrong content. Any given content suddenly shows something else. Sometimes a JPEG loads a stylesheet instead or a stylesheet loads as a page or a page as an image. The images move around, some times our site logo shows a bullet, or one of the other site images. Fiddler shows the wrong content in the response, the apache logs show the content type of the incorrect file (so if the an image loads in place of a style sheet, apache shows that). We thought mod_proxy was the source of our grief, but we get the problem hitting Zope directly. I never get the wrong content using the Medusa Monitor to repeatedly hit the content. I do see ConflictErrors in the instance.log file, and they seem to be correlated to the problem, but not 100%. ZPublisher.Conflict ConflictError at \path\to\object: database conflict error (oid 0x3586, class BTrees._OIBTree.OIBTree, serial this txn started with blah, serial currently committed blah) (X conflicts (0 unresolved) since startup blah) I pulled that off the web, it's not from our logs, but it's the same message. This may be a red herring, it sounds like those messages are normal. We've updated to the 3.3.5, same problems. I'm at a loss. I'm wondering if there a good way to intercept what is being served? Secondly, is there a way to increase the verbosity of the access log to included the content-type? I've even seen the problem manifest in ZMI. It happens more often when we're authenticated. Sometimes it can take a thousand reloads to see the problem, other times it happens in different ways every time we reload. I believe we've seen this problem for a couple years, but it was very intermittent, a page would show the content of a GIF, then a reload later wouldn't happen for a long time. Now it's a huge problem.

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  • Problems Installing slapd On Ubuntu Server 11.10

    - by Zach Dziura
    I know that there's a Ubuntu-specific StackExchange website, but I thought that I'd ask here because it's a server-specific question. If I'm wrong in my logic... Well, you people are better at this than I am! O=) On with the show! I'm in the process of installing Oracle Database 11g R2 Standard Edition onto Ubuntu Server 11.10. I found a guide on the Oracle Support Forums that walks you through the process fairly easily. Unfortunately, I'm running into issues installing one particular dependency: slapd. When I go to install it, I get this error message: (Reading database ... 64726 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking slapd (from .../slapd_2.4.25-1.1ubuntu4.1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ufw ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Setting up slapd (2.4.25-1.1ubuntu4.1) ... Usage: slappasswd [options] -c format crypt(3) salt format -g generate random password -h hash password scheme -n omit trailing newline -s secret new password -u generate RFC2307 values (default) -v increase verbosity -T file read file for new password Creating initial configuration... Loading the initial configuration from the ldif file () failed with the following error while running slapadd: str2entry: invalid value for attributeType olcRootPW #0 (syntax 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15) slapadd: could not parse entry (line=1051) dpkg: error processing slapd (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: slapd E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) After much Google searches and forum trolling, I have yet to find a definitive answer as to what's going wrong. The error messages seem straight forward enough, but I have no idea how to debug this. Can anyone offer some assistance? Again, if I'm asking in the wrong place, I apologize. If I'm indeed asking properly, then thank you for any and all help!

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  • What is the reason for this DNSSEC validation failure of dnsviz.net?

    - by grifferz
    On trying to resolve dnsviz.net from a host using an Unbound resolver that is configured to use DNSSEC validation, the result is "no servers could be reached": $ dig -t soa dnsviz.net ; <<>> DiG 9.6-ESV-R4 <<>> -t soa dnsviz.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached Nothing is logged by Unbound to suggest why this is the case. Here is the /etc/unbound/unbound.conf: server: verbosity: 1 interface: 192.168.0.8 interface: 127.0.0.1 interface: ::0 access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 refuse access-control: ::0/0 refuse access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow_snoop access-control: 192.168.0.0/16 allow_snoop chroot: "" auto-trust-anchor-file: "/etc/unbound/root.key" val-log-level: 2 python: remote-control: control-enable: yes If I add: module-config: "iterator" (thus disabling DNSSEC validation) then I am able to resolve this host normally. The domain and its DNSSEC check out fine according to http://dnscheck.iis.se/ so there must be something wrong with my resolver configuration. What is it and how do I go about debugging that?

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  • Vim autocommand on BufDelete prevents opening help window

    - by Kyle Strand
    I have the autocommand described here in my .vimrc: http://superuser.com/a/669463/199803 EDIT: Copied into body of question for convenience: function CountListedBuffers() let cnt = 0 for nr in range(1,bufnr("$")) if buflisted(nr) && ! empty(bufname(nr)) let cnt += 1 endif endfor return cnt endfunction function QuitIfLastBuffer() if CountListedBuffers() == 1 :q endif endfunction autocmd BufDelete * :call QuitIfLastBuffer() Bizarrely, though, it seems that if I have exactly one listed buffer, and I try to use the :help command, the help window fails to open (or perhaps opens and is immediately closed). If I comment out that autocommand line in my .vimrc, this behavior no longer occurs. Why is this happening, and how can I fix it? Why would :h even trigger the BufDelete event? EDIT: setting verbosity to level 12, I can see that the BufDelete event is indeed occurring. Here's the portion of the output that looks relevant to me: Executing BufAdd Auto commands for "*" autocommand call <SID>BMAdd() calling function <SNR>6_BMAdd calling function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename calling function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMMunge calling function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMMunge..<SNR>6_BMTruncName function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMMunge..<SNR>6_BMTruncName returning '/usr/local/share/vim/vim74/doc' continuing in function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMMunge function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMMunge returning 'help\.txt\ (4)\^I/usr/local/share/vim/vim74/doc' continuing in function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename calling function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMHash function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename..<SNR>6_BMHash returning #340582286 continuing in function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename function <SNR>6_BMAdd..<SNR>6_BMFilename returning #0 continuing in function <SNR>6_BMAdd function <SNR>6_BMAdd returning #0 continuing in BufAdd Auto commands for "*" Executing BufDelete Auto commands for "*" autocommand :call QuitIfLastBuffer()

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  • OpenVPN - Windows 8 to Windows 2008 Server, not connecting

    - by niico
    I have followed this tutorial about setting up an OpenVPN Server on Windows Server - and a client on Windows (in this case Windows 8). The server appears to be running fine - but it is not connecting with this error: Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Warning: cannot open --log file: C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\log\my-laptop.log: Access is denied. (errno=5) Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 OpenVPN 2.3.2 x86_64-w64-mingw32 [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [IPv6] built on Jun 3 2013 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[65536->65536] S=[65536->65536] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]66.666.66.666:9999 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374494945,WAIT,,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS handshake failed Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374495005,RECONNECTING,tls-error,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 Restart pause, 2 second(s) Note I have changed the IP and port no (it uses a non-standard port for security reasons). That port is open on the hardware firewall. The server logs are showing a connection attempt from my client: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]118.68.xx.xx:65011, sid=081af4ed xxxxxxxx Mon Jul 22 14:19:15 2013 118.68.xx.xx:65011 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) How can I problem solve this & find the problem? Thx Update - Client config file: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote 00.00.00.00 1194 ;remote 00.00.00.00 9999 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.key" # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 Server config file: ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local 00.00.00.00 # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. std 1194 port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.key" # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\dh2048.pem" # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow differenta # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I have changed IP's for security

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  • Building Visual Studio Setup Projects with TFS 2010 Team Build

    - by Jakob Ehn
    One of the most common complaints from people starting to use Team Build is that is doesn’t support building Microsoft’s own Setup and Deployment project (*.vdproj). When creating a default build definition that compiles a solution containing a setup project, you’ll get the following warning: The project file "MyProject.vdproj" is not supported by MSBuild and cannot be built.   This is what the problem is all about. MSBuild, that is used for compiling your projects, does not understand the proprietary vdproj format defined by Microsoft quite some time ago. Unfortunately there is no sign that this will change in the near future, in fact the setup projects has barely changed at all since they were introduced. VS 2010 brings no new features or improvements hen it comes to the setup projects. VS 2010 does include a limited version of InstallShield which promises to be more MSBuild friendly and with more or less the same features as VS setup projects. I hope to get a closer look at this installer project type soon. But, how do we go about to build a Visual Studio setup project and produce an MSI as part of a Team Build process? Well, since only one application known to man understands the vdproj projects, we will have to installa copy of Visual Studio on the build server. Sad but true. After doing this, we use the Visual Studio command line interface (devenv) to perform the build. In this post I will show how to do this by using the InvokeProcess activity directly in a build workflow template. You’ll want to run build your setup projects after you have successfully compiled the projects.   Install Visual Studio 2010 on the build server(s)   Open your build process template /remember to branch or copy the xaml file before modifying it!)   Locate the Try to Compile the Project activity   Drop an instance of the InvokeProcess activity from the toolbox onto the designer, after the Run MSBuild for Project activity   Drop an instance of the WriteBuildMessage activity inside the Handle Standard Output section. Set the Importance property to Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Client.BuildMessageImportance.High (NB: This is necessary if you want the output from devenv to show up in the build log when running the build with the default verbosity) Set the Message property to stdOutput   Drop an instance of the WriteBuildError activity to the Handle Error Output section Set the Message property to errOutput   Select the InvokeProcess activity and set the values of the parameters to:     The finished workflow should look like this:     This will generate the MSI files, but they won’t be copied to the drop location. This is because we are using devenv and not MSBuild, so we have to do this explicitly   Drop a Sequence activity somewhere after the Copy to Drop location activity.   Create a variable in the Sequence activity of type IEnumerable<String> and call it GeneratedInstallers   Drop a FindMatchingFiles activity in the sequence activity and set the properties to:     Drop a ForEach<String> activity after the FindMatchingFiles activity. Set the Value property to GeneratedInstallers   Drop an InvokeProcess activity inside the ForEach activity.  FileName: “xcopy.exe” Arguments: String.Format("""{0}"" ""{1}""", item, BuildDetail.DropLocation) The Sequence activity should look like this:     Save the build process template and check it in.   Run the build and verify that the MSI’s is built and copied to the drop location.   Note 1: One of the drawback of using devenv like this in a team build is that since all the output from the default compilations is placed in the Binaries folder, the outputs is not avaialable when devenv is invoked, which causes the whole solution to rebuild again. In TFS 2008, this was pretty simple to fix by using the CustomizableOutDir property. In TFS 2010, the same feature is not avaialble. Jim Lamb blogged about this recently, have a look at it if you have a problem with this: http://blogs.msdn.com/jimlamb/archive/2010/04/13/customizableoutdir-in-tfs-2010.aspx   Note 2: Although the above solution works, a better approach is to wrap this in a custom activity that you can use in your builds. I will come back to this in a future post.

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  • Autoscaling in a modern world&hellip;. Part 4

    - by Steve Loethen
    Now that I have the rules and services XML files in the cloud, it is time to sever the bounds of earth and live totally in the cloud.  I have to host the Autoscaling object in Azure as well, point it to the rules, tell it the management certs and get out of the way. A couple of questions.  Where to host?  The most obvious place to me was a worker role.  A simple, single purpose worker role, doing nothing but watching my app.  Here are the steps I used. 1) Created a project.  Separate project from my web site.  I wanted to be able to run the web in the cloud and the autoscaler local for debugging purposes.  Seemed like the easiest way.  2) Add the Wasabi block to the project. 3) Configure the settings.  I used the same settings used for the console app.  It points to the same web role, uses the same rules file.  4) Make sure the certification needed to manage the role is added to the cert store in the sky (“LocalMachine” and “My” are default locations). I ran the worker role in the local fabric.  It worked.  I then published to the cloud, and verified it worked again.  Here is what my code looked like. public override bool OnStart() { Trace.WriteLine("Set Default Connection Limit", "Information"); // Set the maximum number of concurrent connections ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit = 12; Trace.WriteLine("Set up configuration change code", "Information"); // set up config CloudStorageAccount.SetConfigurationSettingPublisher((configName, configSetter) => configSetter(RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue(configName))); Trace.WriteLine("Get current diagnostic configuration", "Information"); // Get current diagnostic configuration DiagnosticMonitorConfiguration dmc = DiagnosticMonitor.GetDefaultInitialConfiguration(); Trace.WriteLine("Set Diagnostic Buffer Size", "Information"); // Set Diagnostic Buffer size dmc.Logs.BufferQuotaInMB = 4; Trace.WriteLine("Set log transfer period", "Information"); // Set log transfer period dmc.Logs.ScheduledTransferPeriod = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1); Trace.WriteLine("Set log verbosity", "Information"); // Set log filter to verbose dmc.Logs.ScheduledTransferLogLevelFilter = LogLevel.Verbose; Trace.WriteLine("Start the diagnostic monitor", "Information"); // Start the diagnostic monitor DiagnosticMonitor.Start("Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Diagnostics.ConnectionString", dmc); Trace.WriteLine("Get the current Autoscaler from the EntLib Container", "Information"); // Get the current Autoscaler from the EntLib Container scaler = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<Autoscaler>(); Trace.WriteLine("Start the autoscaler", "Information"); // Start the autoscaler scaler.Start(); Trace.WriteLine("call the base class OnStart", "Information"); // call the base class OnStart return base.OnStart(); } public override void OnStop() { Trace.WriteLine("Stop the Autoscaler", "Information"); // Stop the Autoscaler scaler.Stop(); } I did have to turn on some basic logging for wasabi, which will cover in the next post.  This let me figure out that I hadn’t done the certificate step.

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  • Aspnet_merge error has no detail

    - by dang57
    I have been attempting to add a Deployment Project to my web app. When I build it, I get a message "An error occurred when merging assemblies: Exception from HRESULT: 0x806D0004". There is no other detail, like ILMerge error, or Duplicate Name. I have "verbosity" set to "Diagnostic", and this is the output: Command: C:\Program Files\MSBuild\Microsoft\WebDeployment\v8.0\aspnet_merge.exe "\...XXX...\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects\XXX_deploy\Debug" -o XXX_deploy -debug -copyattrs The "AspNetMerge" task is using "aspnet_merge.exe" from "C:\Program Files\MSBuild\Microsoft\WebDeployment\v8.0\aspnet_merge.exe". Utility to merge precompiled ASP.NET assemblies. An error occurred when merging assemblies: Exception from HRESULT: 0x806D0004 C:\Program Files\MSBuild\Microsoft\WebDeployment\v8.0\Microsoft.WebDeployment.targets(474,9): error MSB6006: "aspnet_merge.exe" exited with code 1. Done executing task "AspNetMerge" -- FAILED. Done building target "AspNetMerge" in project "XXX_deploy.wdproj" -- FAILED. Done building project "XXX_deploy.wdproj" -- FAILED. Build FAILED. I have tried running the command via the Command prompt, but it does not give any additional information. I have also removed EVERYTHING from the project, including references, style sheets, forms, tableadapters. I still have a web.config, but deleted all app-specific lines. I added a single new form named Default. I have even tried renaming that form to DefaultX, just in case there was another Default out there. I still get the error. What else can I look for? I'm running VS 2005 v8.05. Thanks Dan

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  • JPA/JDO entity to XML XSD generator.

    - by h2g2java
    I am using JDO or JPA on GAE plugin in Eclipse. I am using smartgwt datasource, accepting an xsd. I would like to be educated how to generate an XSD from my jdo/jpa entity, vice versa. Is there a tool to do it? While datanucleas does all its magic enhancing in the Eclipse background, would I be able to somehow operate in a mode that would generate XSDs for me? Can Hibernate operate in an offline mode, to solely help me generate XSDs which I could use in GWT without deploying hibernate with my web-app? Can Hibernate even be capable of generating XSDs from entities, vice versa? Currently, I am about to write a utility to generate an xsd, given an entity class - but I am hoping I don't have to reinvent the wheel if it already exists. I am hoping people here could educate me on any available tools to ease my XSD generation. But btw, I am very wary of anything that uses Maven, because most people (like Spring) who write the Maven scripts and pom don't have the expertise to write it in a way that would spew out messages and verbosity appropriately to make it easy for me to locate model errors.

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  • Nant build fails - but only in TeamCity

    - by wayne
    Hi I have a nant build file set up which works fine from the cmd line but not in TeamCity. I've checked that the comand I execute is run from the same directory TC is working in and checked all the references but it still fails with the following error: [build] Compile the project using Debug configuration... [10:30:05]: [build] msbuild (1m:18s) [10:30:06]: [msbuild] Starting MSBuild... [10:30:07]: [msbuild] Starting 'C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5\msbuild.exe (@"G:\TeamCity\buildAgent\work\9de21b975852dd95\src\Irm.Web.App\Irm.Web.App.sln.teamcity.msbuild.tcargs")' in 'G:\TeamCity\buildAgent\work\9de21b975852dd95' [10:30:09]: [msbuild] MSBUILD : error MSB1025: An internal failure occurred while running MSBuild. [10:31:18]: [msbuild] Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. [10:31:18]: [msbuild] at Microsoft.Build.CommandLine.MSBuildApp.BuildProject(String projectFile, String[] targets, String toolsVersion, BuildPropertyGroup propertyBag, ILogger[] loggers, LoggerVerbosity verbosity, DistributedLoggerRecord[] distributedLoggerRecords, Boolean needToValidateProject, String schemaFile, Int32 cpuCount, Boolean enableNodeReuse) [10:31:18]: [msbuild] at Microsoft.Build.CommandLine.MSBuildApp.Execute(String commandLine) [10:31:18]: [msbuild] at Microsoft.Build.CommandLine.MSBuildApp.Main() [10:31:24]: G:\TeamCity\buildAgent\work\9de21b975852dd95\Irm-deploy.build(22,10): External Program Failed: msbuild (return code was -1073741819) Does anyone have any idea why TC would not be able to run the build yet I know it works? Cheers w://

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  • .NET EventHandlers - Generic or no?

    - by Chris Marasti-Georg
    Every time I start in deep in a C# project, I end up with lots of events that really just need to pass a single item. I stick with the EventHandler/EventArgs practice, but what I like to do is have something like: public delegate void EventHandler<T>(object src, EventArgs<T> args); public class EventArgs<T>: EventArgs { private T item; public EventArgs(T item) { this.item = item; } public T Item { get { return item; } } } Later, I can have my public event EventHandler<Foo> FooChanged; public event EventHandler<Bar> BarChanged; However, it seems that the standard for .NET is to create a new delegate and EventArgs subclass for each type of event. Is there something wrong with my generic approach? EDIT: The reason for this post is that I just re-created this in a new project, and wanted to make sure it was ok. Actually, I was re-creating it as I posted. I found that there is a generic EventHandler<TEventArgs, so you don't need to create the generic delegate, but you still need the generic EventArgs<T class, because TEventArgs: EventArgs. Another EDIT: One downside (to me) of the built-in solution is the extra verbosity: public event EventHandler<EventArgs<Foo>> FooChanged; vs. public event EventHandler<Foo> FooChanged; It can be a pain for clients to register for your events though, because the System namespace is imported by default, so they have to manually seek out your namespace, even with a fancy tool like Resharper... Anyone have any ideas pertaining to that?

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  • Sysdeo Tomcat DevLoader - Hot deploy of java class causes whole application to restart

    - by Gala101
    Hi, I am using sysdeo tomcat plugin 3.2.1 with eclipse 3.5.1 (Galileo) and tomcat 5.5.23 on windows XP. I can get tomcat plugin working in eclipse, and have extracted devloader.zip into [tomcat]\server\classes. I have also updated the context and now it has this entry: <Context path="/myapp1" reloadable="true" docBase="F:\Work\eclipse_workspace\myapp1" workDir="F:\Work\eclipse_workspace\myapp1\work" > <Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.SystemOutLogger" verbosity="4" timestamp="true"/> <Loader className="org.apache.catalina.loader.DevLoader" reloadable="true" debug="1" useSystemClassLoaderAsParent="false" /> </Context> I have activated devloader (in Project Properties Tomcat Devloader Classpath) and have 'checked' all my classes and jars, I haven't 'checked' commons-loggin.jar jsp-api.jar, servlet-api.jar. So on launching tomcat via the plugin, I can get it running with devloader as shown in eclipse console view [DevLoader] Starting DevLoader [DevLoader] projectdir=F:\Work\eclipse_workspace\myapp1 [DevLoader] added file:/F:/Work/eclipse_workspace/myapp1/WEB-INF/classes/ [DevLoader] added file:/F:/Work/eclipse_workspace/myapp1/WEB-INF/lib/activation.jar However, if I even add a single System.out.println into any java file and save it, the whole application gets reloaded (takes ~80 sec) which is as good as stopping/starting tomcat itself. I've tried adding -Xdebug in JAVA_OPTS in the catalina.bat but no luck :( Can you please guide where I may be doing it wrong.. Please note that I can 'redeploy' the whole application on tomcat but that's not what I need, I am looking to be able to make small changes in java classes 'on-the-fly' while coding/debugging without having to wait for complete app restart. Another annoyance is that restarting tomcat/application causes the session/debug progress to be lost.. Can you please guide me how to go about it. PS: I am not using any ant/maven scripts explicitly, just relying on eclipse to do the build for me (which it does).

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  • matching an element's class to another element's ID, or *part* of another element's ID

    - by shecky
    hello again Such a simple concept but I'm struggling to express it ... apologies in advance for my verbosity. I have a container div with a class, e.g., ; I want to use that class to do two things: add a class (e.g., 'active') to the nav element whose ID matches the class of div#container (e.g., #nav-primary li# apples) add the same class to another element if part of this element's ID matches the class of #container (e.g., div#secondary-apples) I assume there's an .each() loop to check the primary nav's list items' IDs, and to check the div IDs of the secondary nav ... though the latter needs to have its prefix trimmed ... or should I say more simply if the secondary nav div IDs contain the class of div#container? I've tried a few variations of something like this: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $('#nav-primary li').each(function(){ var containerClass = $('#container').attr('class'); var secondaryID = $('#nav-primary li').attr('id'); // something like if ('#nav-primary li id' == (containerClass) { } // or should I first store a variable of the LI's ID and do something like this: if ( secondaryID == containerClass ) { } // and for the trickier part, how do I filter/trim the secondary nav div IDs, something like this: var secondaryNavID = $('#aux-left div[id ... something here to strip the 'secondary-' bit ... ]'); }); // end each }); // end doc.ready.func </script> The markup is, e.g.: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Many thanks in advance for any suggestions, svs

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  • VS 2008 C++ build output?

    - by STingRaySC
    Why when I watch the build output from a VC++ project in VS do I see: 1Compiling... 1a.cpp 1b.cpp 1c.cpp 1d.cpp 1e.cpp [etc...] 1Generating code... 1x.cpp 1y.cpp [etc...] The output looks as though several compilation units are being handled before any code is generated. Is this really going on? I'm trying to improve build times, and by using pre-compiled headers, I've gotten great speedups for each ".cpp" file, but there is a relatively long pause during the "Generating Code..." message. I do not have "Whole Program Optimization" nor "Link Time Code Generation" turned on. If this is the case, then why? Why doesn't VC++ compile each ".cpp" individually (which would include the code generation phase)? If this isn't just an illusion of the output, is there cross-compilation-unit optimization potentially going on here? There don't appear to be any compiler options to control that behavior (I know about WPO and LTCG, as mentioned above). EDIT: The build log just shows the ".obj" files in the output directory, one per line. There is no indication of "Compiling..." vs. "Generating code..." steps. EDIT: I have confirmed that this behavior has nothing to do with the "maximum number of parallel project builds" setting in Tools - Options - Projects and Solutions - Build and Run. Nor is it related to the MSBuild project build output verbosity setting. Indeed if I cancel the build before the "Generating code..." step, the ".obj" files will not exist for the most recent set of "compiled" files. E.g., if I cancel the build during "c.cpp" above, I will see only "a.obj" and "b.obj".

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  • Extracting function declarations from a PHP file

    - by byronh
    I'm looking to create an on-site API reference for my framework and application. Basically, say I have a class file model.class.php: class Model extends Object { ... code here ... // Separates results into pages. // Returns Paginator object. final public function paginate($perpage = 10) { ... more code here ... } } and I want to be able to generate a reference that my developers can refer to quickly in order to know which functions are available to be called. They only need to see the comments directly above each function and the declaration line. Something like this (similar to a C++ header file): // Separates results into pages. // Returns Paginator object. final public function paginate($perpage = 10); I've done some research and this answer looked pretty good (using Reflection classes), however, I'm not sure how I can keep the comments in. Any ideas? EDIT: Sorry, but I want to keep the current comment formatting. Myself and the people who are working on the code hate the verbosity associated with PHPDocumentor. Not to mention a comment-rewrite of the entire project would take years, so I want to preserve just the // comments in plaintext.

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  • PayPal sandbox anomalies

    - by Christian
    When testing some donations on my local machine, I set various key=value pairs to do various things (return to specific thank you page, get POST data from PayPal and not GET data and others) I also built my code around the response from the PayPal sandbox. BUT, when my code goes to the production server and we switch on live payments and test with real accounts and money, a few strange things happen; We get a GET response from PayPal - the URL is filled with crap. We get no transaction details. This is the biggie, no name, no txn_id, no dates, nothing. We get a handful of keys etc, its not totally empty and the payment has gone through, but nowhere near the verbosity of the sandbox. Curious about why this might be? It doesn't really make sense to have a sandbox (or dev environment) that is substantially different from the production environment. Or, am I missing something? EDIT: Still no response to my question in the PayPal Developer Forums. I don't even get a donation amount back from PayPal. Is this a setting maybe? EDIT #2: Two of you have suggested to check PDT and Auto-Return. The data analytics guy for the project only 2 hrs ago suggested the same. I have asked the client to confirm this. I can't see a setting for it in the Sandbox so can assume that it is enabled by default?

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  • Creation of Objects: Constructors or Static Factory Methods

    - by Rachel
    I am going through Effective Java and some of my things which I consider as standard are not suggested by the book, for instance creation of object, I was under the impression that constructors are the best way of doing it and books says we should make use of static factory methods, I am not able to few some advantages and so disadvantages and so am asking this question, here are the benefits of using it. Advantages: One advantage of static factory methods is that, unlike constructors, they have names. A second advantage of static factory methods is that, unlike constructors, they are not required to create a new object each time they’re invoked. A third advantage of static factory methods is that, unlike constructors, they can return an object of any subtype of their return type. A fourth advantage of static factory methods is that they reduce the verbosity of creating parameterized type instances. I am not able to understand this advantage and would appreciate if someone can explain this point Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of providing only static factory methods is that classes without public or protected constructors cannot be subclassed. A second disadvantage of static factory methods is that they are not readily distinguishable from other static methods.I am not getting this point and so would really appreciate some explanation. Reference: Effective Java, Joshua Bloch, Edition 2, pg: 5-10 Also, How to decide to use whether to go for Constructor or Static Factory Method for Object Creation ?

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  • VB.NET Two different approaches to generic cross-threaded operations; which is better?

    - by BASnappl
    VB.NET 2010, .NET 4 Hello, I recently read about using SynchronizationContext objects to control the execution thread for some code. I have been using a generic subroutine to handle (possibly) cross-thread calls for things like updating UI controls that utilizes Invoke. I'm an amateur and have a hard time understanding the pros and cons of any particular approach. I am looking for some insight on which approach might be preferable and why. Update: This question is motivated, in part, by statements such as the following from the MSDN page on Control.InvokeRequired. An even better solution is to use the SynchronizationContext returned by SynchronizationContext rather than a control for cross-thread marshaling. Method 1: Public Sub InvokeControl(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of T)) If Control.InvokeRequired Then Control.Invoke(New Action(Of T, Action(Of T))(AddressOf InvokeControl), New Object() {Control, Action}) Else Action(Control) End If End Sub Method 2: Public Sub UIAction(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of Control)) SyncContext.Send(New Threading.SendOrPostCallback(Sub() Action(Control)), Nothing) End Sub Where SyncContext is a Threading.SynchronizationContext object defined in the constructor of my UI form: Public Sub New() InitializeComponent() SyncContext = WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Current End Sub Then, if I wanted to update a control (e.g., Label1) on the UI form, I would do: InvokeControl(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") or UIAction(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") So, what do y'all think? Is one way preferred or does it depend on the context? If you have the time, verbosity would be appreciated! Thanks in advance, Brian

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  • I don't like Python functions that take two or more iterables. Is it a good idea?

    - by Xavier Ho
    This question came from looking at this question on Stackoverflow. def fringe8((px, py), (x1, y1, x2, y2)): Personally, it's been one of my pet peeves to see a function that takes two arguments with fixed-number iterables (like a tuple) or two or more dictionaries (Like in the Shotgun API). It's just hard to use, because of all the verbosity and double-bracketed enclosures. Wouldn't this be better: >>> class Point(object): ... def __init__(self, x, y): ... self.x = x ... self.y = y ... >>> class Rect(object): ... def __init__(self, x1, y1, x2, y2): ... self.x1 = x1 ... self.y1 = y1 ... self.x2 = x2 ... self.y2 = y2 ... >>> def fringe8(point, rect): ... # ... ... >>> >>> point = Point(2, 2) >>> rect = Rect(1, 1, 3, 3) >>> >>> fringe8(point, rect) Is there a situation where taking two or more iterable arguments is justified? Obviously the standard itertools Python library needs that, but I can't see it being pretty in maintainable, flexible code design.

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  • How do I structure my tests with Python unittest module?

    - by persepolis
    I'm trying to build a test framework for automated webtesting in selenium and unittest, and I want to structure my tests into distinct scripts. So I've organised it as following: base.py - This will contain, for now, the base selenium test case class for setting up a session. import unittest from selenium import webdriver # Base Selenium Test class from which all test cases inherit. class BaseSeleniumTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.browser = webdriver.Firefox() def tearDown(self): self.browser.close() main.py - I want this to be the overall test suite from which all the individual tests are run. import unittest import test_example if __name__ == "__main__": SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(SeTestSuite) test_example.py - An example test case, it might be nice to make these run on their own too. from base import BaseSeleniumTest # Test the spelling of the title class TitleSpelling(BaseSeleniumTest): def test_a(self): self.assertTrue(False) def test_b(self): self.assertTrue(True) The problem is that when I run main.py I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "H:\Python\testframework\main.py", line 5, in <module> SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() File "C:\Python27\lib\unittest\case.py", line 191, in __init__ (self.__class__, methodName)) ValueError: no such test method in <class 'test_example.TitleSpelling'>: runTest I suspect this is due to the very special way in which unittest runs and I must have missed a trick on how the docs expect me to structure my tests. Any pointers?

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